DE1704119C2 - Method and machine for producing hollow bodies, in particular bottles, from thermoplastic material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and a machine for producing hollow bodies, in particular Bottles, made of thermoplastic material, in which a cold preform in the shape of a double-sided open pipe detected, heated essentially over its entire length and keeping his open

% o one and closing its other end is deformed into a cup-like intermediate molding and then the intermediate molding grasped by them is brought into a blow mold that surrounds it and is inflated in it to form the desired hollow body.

It is known to produce such hollow bodies, in particular bottles, by a blowing process by a tube extruded immediately beforehand by means of an extruder using a blow mold is blown to the desired hollow body.

Here it is also known to extrude several hoses at the same time, which work alternately Blow molded batteries are blown into bottles. It is also known to use an extruder extrude hose to process on cyclical or continuously operating rotary table machines, to which the hose is fed tangentially.

It is also known (German Auslegeschrift 1 206 571), a bottle blowing machine tubular, Feed in preforms made of thermoplastic material that are open on both sides and put them in the blow molding machine to be heated to the deformation or welding temperature and blown into the desired hollow body shape. However, the hollow bodies are produced

4S not waste-free.

There is also a method known (US Pat. No. 2,792,593) in which tubular, bilateral Open preforms made of thermoplastic material placed over a blow mandrel in a heating device are heated to deformation or welding temperature, whereupon by an axially movable Deformation device at one end of the preform, a bottom is formed so that a Intermediate molding is created, and then the

5S intermediate moldings in the desired hollow body shape be blown. The reliable formation of the bottom when closing the end of the preform should be difficult, however, because when the deformation device is placed on the welding temperature tries to evade heated material of the preform. There / beyond are at the blow molding facility Cutting edges provided for smoothing the open end of the intermediate molding.

The invention is based on the object of creating a method that, starting from a cold Preform, an efficient production of intermediate moldings provided with perfectly formed bottoms and their further processing into hollow

bodies with improved strength properties in large quantities, which in particular correspond to the hourly throughput of bottle filling machines, permitted.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described at the outset solved that the cold preform is initially grasped from the outside in the middle area between its ends, then only the two ends are heated to the deformation temperature or welding temperature and then be deformed to a welded bottom or to a bottle mouth, then the Intermediate molding to one below the molding temperature lying deformation temperature required for inflation and then heated is inflated.

Thus, the preform is, in particular, during the formation of the bottom and the neck part of the hollow body of the bottle, held at its middle part from the outside, which is known to be special difficult shaping of the base and the neck part facilitated. Only the ends of the preform need to do this to be heated to welding temperature (about 160 ° C for PVC); this leads to an essential Shortening of the warm-up time and also a reduction of the time for deformation of the tubular preform required amount of heat. In addition, partial heating is achieved of the preform has a properly formed bottom. When deforming the ends of the There are no waste ends for preforms; the process works waste-free.

Furthermore, the intermediate molding, the ends of which have already been formed, then only needs to be heated to a forming temperature that is below the welding temperature and, in the case of rigid PVC, around 110 ^° C. This also saves thermal energy. In particular, however, when the intermediate molding is heated to the deformation temperature during the subsequent blowing, a hollow body with significantly improved strength properties is obtained.

The method according to the invention also allows the construction of machines with particularly high performance, where the production speed of the bottles is about the hourly throughput of a standard bottle filling machines (at least 10,000 bottles per hour). Thus, the production of the bottles are affiliated to a bottling plant. The method according to the invention has also have the advantage of economy, simplicity and speed.

Preferably only one end of the preform is deformed into a bottle mouth and immediately afterwards the other end is pressed into a hollow bottom mold in a manner known per se. In this way, the hollow body is provided with a curved base, which leads to a better utilization of the material leads. Furthermore, the known overstretched ones that occur during pinch welding are used Avoid parts of the bottom, which is particularly beneficial for pressure bottles.

In an expedient development of the invention, the ends of the preform to be deformed are Heated differently over its length, namely between one essentially the welding temperature of the plastic corresponding temperature at its outer edge and one below the Erwcichungstenipcratur of the plastic lying temperature on the unheated part of the preform lying end. The temperature gradient established in this way along the to be deformed The ends of the preform are used to produce the closed base and the neck part advantageous.

A machine for performing the method is based on a known device with min-

at least one turntable (USA.-Patentschiift 2 792 593), along its circumference devices for holding and transporting the briquettes Detection from the inside, devices for heating the preforms, devices for shaping

Men of one end of the preforms are arranged to form intermediate moldings, with multi-part Blow molding devices with blow molding devices and alis throwers, the axes of which are held Vorforinlmge parallel to the axis of rotation of the die

ao tisehes extend and the deformation devices have mold parts movable in the axial direction of the preforms. The machine according to the invention is characterized by the sequence: timing of the first heating devices for warming

a _{5 of} the ends of the preforms to the deformation temperature or welding temperature, deformation devices for the deformation of both EmI ₁ ^- -I, second heating devices for heating the / '>> scnenformlinpc to the deformation temperature, H; .. s-

iormunichtcn. Ejector, holder for tramp. «T the preforms by grasping them from the outside in .1 holder for transporting the intermediate moldings to you, Λ grasping from the inside.

In order to achieve better efficiency, k ■: · ■ -

nen in a further embodiment the first ..: i Heating devices are provided with circulating and iiu. Heating elements before deforming from the Bern, -i be movable away from the axis of the preform. i> Heating devices work when heating the ti,

, ο that of the original, preferably on the inner and outer walls of the pipe ends
fs ™? ^all . ^en ! ^{cine "vvird cs} are recommended to start from roh.-form gen cold preform having a .. kreisfo-shaped cross section. A user

Jon correct other cross-sections but is possible

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, several, preferably three, synchronously irr, κ vnro «" ^frequency ratio driven turntable, -ler ^g H ι ⁶ "' ^W , ^Ob , ^{ei the first turntable} a number of tears ^{and the slight number of} deformation devices _with, "axial direction movable mold parts" sow _le a partial segment of this first "Sf ^S, V is associated with ^nth heater. with the circumference of the second turntable the two, -

1 _m H,! '"" Η ^tU ^ ^{en zu} g ^eord "et are and where on tZ, T ^{rehtlSCh a number d} " multi-part, in particular two-part blow molding devices and

kÖDfen f ^P H ^re H α * ^{number of} "blown air supply

rS H λ ^A 'f ^launcher is arranged.
WeSi ¹ H ⁵⁰¹ " ^A ™ ^mmn Z ^{s {orm si} " ^d in complete se? Ί 7 ^{n & er} _f ^Elfindun S ^the holder for the record fn, vv · ^{enformlings from within} in a manner known per se as the Internal molded parts of the

Z U ^e H ⁿ H n, ^{ngen dousing blow} domes formed srhenf Γ 'l ^{SdOme ZUm T} ^ nporting the intermediate forms or preforms from the first turntable to the second turntable, from the second turntable

37/1?

to the third turntable and from the third turntable to the first turntable with the aid of known transfer devices (B, C, D) .

Further improvements and expedient refinements of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below explained. It shows

Fig. 1 is a schematic view from above of the Machine with omission of all parts not absolutely necessary for the explanation of the invention,

F i g. 2 shows a partial section along line 11-11 of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view of the device for forming the arched bottom and the neck ring reinforcement on the tubular preform,

Fig. 3 shows a Teilschnitl along line III-III of F i g. 1 in an enlarged view to illustrate the transfer of an occupied with an intermediate molding Blow pin from the first turntable to the »0 second turntable,

FIG. 4 shows a partial section along line IV-IV of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view of the third Turntable arranged two-part blow mold, the associated blown air feed head and »5 of the ejector,

Fig. 5 is a view, partly in section, of the Blow pin,

F i g. 6 shows a partial section along line VI-VI of FIG. 1 in an enlarged representation of the type of supply and discharge of the blown air,

Fig. 7 is a partial section! according to line VII-VII of FIG. 6,

8 shows a view from above of a transfer device in the direction of arrow VIII of Fi g. 3,

F i g. 9 shows a partial section through the fork-shaped lifting device along line IX-IX in FIG. 4.

According to FIG. 1 the machine has three turntables 1, II and II! on, the ones not shown in detail Way with the help of gear drives 8, 57 driven synchronously in a fixed speed ratio to each other will. The drive machine itself has also not been shown for the sake of simplicity.

The turntable I serves as a forming table, the turntable W as the end-of-day table and the turntable III as a forming table or blow table.

The deformation table I has a plurality of units EI on its circumference, the details of which more in Fi g. 2 and in the left part of Fi g. 3 are shown.

Correspondingly, the turntable II has a plurality of units £ 11 on its circumference, which are shown in detail in the right part of FIG. 3, and finally is on the circumference of the Turntable III a plurality of units £ 111 arranged, which in detail in a larger representation in Fi g. 4 are reproduced.

The three turntables I, II and III can be driven continuously. On the turntable III are z. B. 18 units EIII arranged, while on the turntable I 36 units EI and on the turntable II 72 units ElI are arranged.

Accordingly, the turntable I is at half the speed and the turntable II at the quarter speed of the turntable I driven.

In FIG. 2, the unit EI is in that position shown in the straight from a tubular preform 5 by deforming its two Ends 1, 2 to form a curved bottom flap and a neck ring reinforcement to form an intermediate molding 4 has been. The middle part 3 has remained cold here.

The cold, tubular preforms 5 are fed to the turntable I at the infeed station A. On the peripheral table of the turntable I, a plurality of spindles 6 are arranged, which serve to support all parts of the units EI. The stand of the turntable I is denoted by 7 and only partially shown. To drive it, the gear mechanism 8 is provided.

A holder 9 is attached to the spindle 6 and is used to hold a preform 5 or an intermediate molded article 4 in a detachable manner. From the outside it surrounds the preform 5 or the intermediate form 4 only about halfway, so that the intermediate form 4 or the preform 5 are moved out of the area of the holder 9 by a radial movement (radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the table I) be able. The intermediate form 4 or the preform 5 are held in the holder 9 with the aid of suction air which is supplied via a channel 10 and a pocket 11, which is provided on the inside of the holder 9, acts on the preform 5 or intermediate form 4. As soon as the intermediate molding 4 is to be delivered to a transfer device B, C, D , the pocket 11 can also be subjected to compressed air via the channel 10.

They also serve to hold the preforms 5 and the intermediate preforms 4 on the circumference of the turntable I holding jaws 12 which are provided on levers 13 which are rotatably mounted about the spindles 6 are. Jc two of these levers 13 are mirror images of each other and each on one side (in the axial direction the spindle 6 seen) of the holder 9 is arranged. The holding jaws 12 including their levers 13 are controlled with the aid of rollers 14 which are rotatably mounted on a common pin 15 and can be moved in the radial direction by means of a rod 16 in a manner not shown in detail, that is, in a plane that passes through the axis of rotation of the turntable I and the axis of the spindle 6.

The roller 14 itself works with cam surfaces of the levers 13, which consist of cam tracks 17, Assemble 18 with opening branch and closing branch. In the area of the opening branch, the Lever 13 at a large angle against the rollers 14, so that large opening paths with a short roller stroke result. In the area of the closing branch, the levers 13 act at a very flat angle in the clamping position against the rollers 14, so that large closing forces can be achieved.

In Fig. 5, a blow pin 19 is shown in more detail. The individual blow pins 19 are from the turntable I after each of these blow pins 19 with an intermediate blank 4 has been occupied, transferred to the turntable II. After here the intermediate moldings 4 and in particular its middle part 3, which has remained cold so far, is heated to the deformation temperature has been, the intermediate moldings 4 carried by the blow pins 19 are transferred to the turntable III submitted. Here, the intermediate molding 4 becomes the final desired hollow body, in particular a bottle, blown. The hollow body is removed from the blow pin 19 in some way, whereupon the blow pin 19 is returned to the turntable T. The individual blow pins 19 thus lead

309 683/188

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a /

9 10

during the work process a closed one against the corresponding surface of the blow mandrel carriage

Is pulled away from the turntable I over the turntables II and 42.

III back to turntable I. In the lower part of the blow mandrel car 42 is a

The blow pin 19 is like FIG. 5 mounted axially displaceably with a cylindrical bush 48. One as a feather

drischen mandrel holder 20 provided, the one circumferential 5 49 trained energy storage strives to a

Groove 21 to absorb axial forces and to shoulder 50 of this bushing 48 against one of one

Implementation of the transport of the blow mandrels 19 on the snap ring formed stop 51 of the socket drilling

shows. On the underside of the mandrel holder 20 a tion 52 is to be pressed. On the head of this socket 48

The mandrel holder 20 is supported by a central bore 22 for the supply of the blown air. As shown in FIG. 2

intended. The thorn shaft is divided into three abio it can be seen, in the position shown there the

cuts 23, 24, 25. The lower section 23 is used for the blow mandrel carriage 42 by means of the piston 40 of the cylinder

Guide a formed as a neck ring die Ver de rs 39 pressed against a stop 53, which is from

forming device 26, which is formed with an annular groove 27 ziu the turntable I itself.

The left part of FIG. 3 still shows the units

forms is. The middle section 24 has outlet 15 £ 1 of the turntable I, while the right part of this

holes 28 and is used to loosely guide the figure shows the units EII of the turntable II . the

Preform 5 or the intermediate form 4. Too much larger part of the circumference of this turntable II

For this purpose, the middle section 24 is occupied with a heating device 54, the one

square cross-section, from the surfaces of which a large part of the intermediate molding 4 encloses.

29 exit the outlet bores 28, while the "" The units EIN of the blow molding table III are on

Corner edges 30 the preform 5 or the intermediate spindles 55 similar to the spindles 6 of the turntable I.

molding 4 lead. stored. The turntable III has individual parts 56

At the upper end of the blow mandrel 19 is an as and is driven via the toothed gear 57. The mandrel tip formed deformation device 31 individual units EIII of the turntable III have attached. It represents the inner mold half of the base as a transfer holder 58 which is attached to the spindle 55 in the form of the hollow body, in particular the bottle. The transfer holder 58 has a deformation device 32 designed as an outer mold half of the externally open recess or pocket 59, the bottom mold via channels 60 with an air vacuum or via which one end of the preform 5 can be connected to a pressure source. In the drawing the arched bottom is reshaped and welded. In order here 30 Fig. 4, the Dorahalter 20 of the blow mandrel 19 restricts a metallic heat conduction, which against a corresponding recess of the semicircular mandrel tip is of low mass or is due to the shaped cross-section in the transfer holder 58 and formation of the middle section 24 of the possible contact is reduced by applying a vacuum to the pocket 59. held. Axially the mandrel holder 20 is in the

The outer mold half of the bottom mold is (see the 35 transfer holder 58 held in that his

F i g. 2 and 3) interchangeable on a mold half groove 21 in a corresponding projection 61 of the

Carrier 33 is arranged, which is axially displaceable with the aid of transfer holder 58. The blow pin 19 is of

an auxiliary power device that can be acted upon on both sides is inserted into the transfer holder 58 from the outside,

device 34 is arranged on the spindle 6. The auxiliary On the spindle 55 are also two opposing

power device 34 is mounted on the turntable El 40 rotatable blow molding devices 62 mounted,

and designed as a cylinder 35, the two sides of which serve to accommodate blow mold inserts 63,

impacted piston 36 via a piston rod 37 to the blow molding devices 62 and the blow mold

the mold half carrier 33 engages. Sentences 63 are divided into a plane that is defined by the

In the same axis of the auxiliary power device 34, axis of the spindles 55 and the axis of rotation of the rotary, however, on the lower side of the turntable I, 45 table III is to pass through. A further auxiliary ski device 38 is arranged at each blow molding device, the device 62 is attacked by two levers 64, which are also mounted on the axis as cylinders 39 with a spindle 55 acting on both sides. The blow molding device struck piston 40 is formed. This piston 40 gene 62 and its lever 64 engage in a mirror-inverted manner via a piston rod 41 on a blow pin. You will dare with the help of rollers 65 ge 42, which controls axially displaceable on the spindle 6 5 <>, which is arranged on a pin 66 rotatably supported. are, which by means of a rod 67 in the radial direction

The mandrel carriage 42 has a central one that is radially movable. On the levers 64 of the blow mold

outwardly open recess 43; the inner surface directions 62 are curved tracks 68, 69 provided,

this recess 43 has an approximately semicircular which work together with the rollers 65. Each of the

long pocket 44 provided, which optionally via Ka- 55 cam tracks 68, 69 has an opening branch and

sew 45 to a negative air pressure or positive pressure a closing branch. Along the opening branch

source can be connected. The waiter? See the levers 64 act at a large angle against the

kel 46 of the blow mandrel carriage 42 has a radial roller 65 to large opening paths with a short RoI

on the outside open groove in which to reach the lower section lenhub. Along the closing branch we

23 of the blow pin 19 is retractable. Above this 60 ken the lever 64 with a very shallow angle against the

Leg 46 lies in the area of the turntable I, the rollers 65 in order to generate large closing forces in the clamping position

to achieve deformation device designed as a neck ring die.

device 26. In order to retract the neck ring die in On the spindle 55 of the turntable III is

To enable this position, the upper ones have an auxiliary power device 70 attached to the

Surfaces of the leg 46 have a bevel 47. 65 consists of a piston 71 which is in a cylinder 72

Tn the transverse direction of the blow pin 19 is movable back and forth and on both sides by one

held that the pocket 44 can be acted upon with negative pressure- pressure medium. The piston

is hit, so that in this way the mandrel holder 20 71 is on its piston rod 73 on a blown air

17 A ■>

feed head 74 attached. There is a blown air supply nozzle in it 75 arranged to be axially displaceable. A spring 76 strives to the blown air supply nozzle 75 against a provided on the blown air supply head 74, formed by a snap ring Press stop 77. The blown air supply head 74 with the blown air supply nozzle 75 can be from below are pressed forth against the mandrel holder 20 with the interposition of a sealing washer 78; in the in F i g. The position shown in FIG. 4 has the Blssluftzuführungsdüse 75 moved back somewhat against the action of the spring 76, so that now blown air via its channel 79 (the blown air supply is not specifically shown here) into the blown air supply nozzle 75 able to kick.

Finally, another auxiliary power device 80 is arranged on the turntable III, which is also called Cylinder 81 is formed with a double-sided piston 82 acted upon by pressure medium. the Piston 82 is connected via its piston rod 83 to an ejector 84, which via a channel 85 can be connected to an air negative pressure and / or air positive pressure source.

The operation of the machine will now be described. From a bunker (not shown), dimensionally stable pipe sections or preforms 5 are fed to the infeed station A via a channel 86 (see FIG. 1) by a conveying and sorting device of any known construction, also not shown. The "four-toothed" wheel 87 rotating to the left in the example takes on a pipe section or preform 5 in one of its semicircular recesses 88. After the wheel 87 has been rotated 180 °, the preform 5 is opposite a holder 9 of the turntable I, which rotates clockwise with the same Peripheral speed revolves. At this point, the recess 88 of the wheel 87, which is directed towards the turntable I, switches to "open" or "compressed air", while the pocket 11 of the holder 9 is connected via the channel 10 to the suction air source. A pipe section or preform 5 is thus transferred to a unit £ 1 of the turntable I. The guide devices shown in Nichi ensure the correct height of the preform 5. This type of transfer and takeover also applies to all other stations. When the mandrels 19 are transferred, the transfer and takeover could also take place magnetically, in particular with the aid of electromagnets.

(G s. Fi. 1) immediately after the transfer of a preform 5 to the unit EIa made in the unit EI b clamping the preform 5 by means of the retaining jaws 12, the lever 13 and the pressure rollers 14.

About half of the circumference of the turntable I is enclosed by the heating device 89, which can be designed as a radiant heater, hot air heater or high frequency heater and both acts on the inner wall as well as on the outer wall of the preform 5. Here are just its outside of the holding jaws 12 lying ends 1, 2 are heated, or the heating elements carried along are effective.

The pistons 40 and 36 of the two auxiliary power devices 34 and 38 are in the retracted position Position (compare Fig. 2). In the area of the units EIa and EI ft, there are not yet any Blow pins 19 present.

In the transfer device B , the blow pins 19 that have become free in the turntable III are passed on to the turntable I. This is done using a transfer wheel 90. Because it is possible and useful, the turntable I with z. To occupy twice the number of units EI, the turntable I must have half the speed of the turntable HI. The different circumferential speed is in the transfer device ß durcl

ίο the transfer wheel 90 with irregularity triel taken into account. The principle of the irregularity drive is also used in the transfer devices C and D. As can be seen from the left part of FIG. 3, there is the blow dome carriage

is 42 already in its withdrawn position. In the This retracted position is able to dare 42 with its recess 43 the mandrel holder 20, which is approximately the same height in the blow mandrel carriage 4i (see Fig. 4). Thinking

ao the transfer of a blow dome 19 from the turntable III to the turntable I in the area of the transfer device B has taken place, the Beheizuiij the two ends 1, 2 of the preform 5 from the inside and outside by means of the heating device 89 continues

»5 is set until both ends 1, 2 have been heated to approximately the welding temperature. At a suitable point between the transfer devices B and C, in the exemplary embodiment on the unit Eic according to dei Fig. 2, the deformation of the end 1 to the bottom and the end 2 zui neck ring reinforcement for the purpose of forming the intermediate molding 4 takes place with the machine running the dome holder 20 with the blow mandrel 19 by means of the blow dome carriage! 42 pressed into the upper stop position, in which the blow dome carriage 42 lies against the stop 53 of the turntable I. The neck ring reinforcement wire formed here in the manner of an open die in that the lower, sufficiently heated end 2 of the preform 5 is pressed into the annular groove 27 of the deformation device 26, inden the cold and rigid central part 1 of the preform 5 rigidly from the Holding jaws 12 and the levers 13 is held. Immediately thereafter, the curved floor is molded on; in the manner of a local pressing process. In the intermediate space which is formed by the deformation devices 31 and 33, the curved base is formed and welded. The temperature gradient is such that the part of the outer edge zone of the pipe section, which is most strongly deformed, has welding temperature and gradually goes over to the lowest temperature of the body near the original cylindrical central part 3 has been shaped, a temperature below the softening point.

In order to avoid the formation of creases due to unsupported reshaping of the end 1 for the bottom section, the blow dome 19 had a higher position, and

βο corresponds to the higher position of the air or the game that (that) between the stop 51 and dei Shoulder 50 in FIG. 2 is present. When the mold half carrier 33 is lowered, the energy storage device gives way 49 with increasing pressure of the mold half carrier 33 up to the stop position shown back. After the intermediate molding 4 formed in this way has solidified sufficiently together with his blow dome 19 in the upper

13 ¹⁴

round ^^^ liSSSS ^ S at

^ device C transferred to the rotary sch Π, u ^^^ left ^ S at the m, essential en »heating device 54auf- ^ g ⁰ " ^ ^ ⁿ | _lasformein directions 62 are directed along which the held by the blow domes 19 are closed , uic " ^ia *. _R4 * ■ _{ht d} · *, ": _. NEN intermediate moldings 4 are moved on. now open, and the ejector : M ^ "Jer g _e Shortly before the transfer device C, namely on 5 bottle from the blow pin 19 w ^ w. ^ with. ^ Pank of the unit EId, the clamping of the middle lines in Fig_4 was indicated is. De, listed entschenformlings 4 by means of the holding jaws 12 lerLage say · i · in aerri fr- ¹ -hob * n by ^k also the piston 36 with the encryption emge Dk bottle. ^ _k. ^s ^ ^em ^ _{p hrt} ^U '^ _e ^r iormungseinrichtung32 and the piston 40 grounded with the or a full street d undelivered supplied "which Blasdomwagen ^u 42 in its ^ retracted position back> o a F ^{^«;} J _F ^ _{ensystenl which are} moved . For this purpose, the 'Blasfonn-vacuum source has been interrupted, the case of the gesi-nnuci ι «j Ttwi"., "compound of the channels 10 of the holder 9 zulaßt.sind of the very compact design, so that the devices 62 as ^ "Danish halves of intermediate form 4 are formed from its shown in FIG. 2 and take V ^ * £ m ^ ome ™" u * th position in di! g. 3 position shown back, ₅ 63 on. This allows the mold to be moved very expediently. Connect in the engaged position of the transfer cooling. The Blas ormemr ^ chtungcn 62 device C assumes a turnstile 91 with im- have eingearbe at its Innenzyhnder preparing forced same peripheral speed with a preliminary paths for the Kuhlrmttelfuhrung Because these Zv, angsformling 4 occupied mandrel 19 and passes DIE paths open to the outside ^be the * ° 'J ^^. ^ ^a ™ ^her "sen after 180 ° to one of the receiving recess 92 ao. The shape of the hollow body can be external turntable II. When moving out the blower way by changing, theJBlastormdomesl9 out of the area of the blow mandrel car 42 inserts 63 in the B'.astormeinnchtungen 62, the deformation device 26 expires except for the changes.

Mandrel holder 20 back, so that in this way the Fi g. 6 and 7 represent one of several lower opening of the intermediate molding 4 released * ₅ union rotary valve, which is controlled, which leads to an improvement in the heating of the pressure, suction and exhaust air as well as intermediate molding 4. Pressure and coolant to the three rotating

The dwell time in the heating device 54 of the tables I, II, HI can be used ^ Similarly, only the turntable H is larger, the more intermediate, correspondingly smaller, the rotary slide valves are to be accommodated in the overforms 4. Therefore the 30 dispensing devices A, B, C and D are arranged. Make full use of the possible distance so that a part of the turntable is on the outer ring 93, and four times as many units are arranged in the off turntable II. a part of the turntable III The net are as on the turntable III units EIII channels 94 and 95 lead to the individual blower are arranged. The speed of rotation of the turntable III thorns 19, that is to say the blow air channel 79, is accordingly four times as great as that of the feed nozzle 75 of the F1 g. 4 connected. The turntable II 'Ring' »6 is fixed during operation and is with

The preform 5 is heated by the heater - an exhaust air segment 97 and a blown air segment

device 54 is provided uniformly to the forming temperature 98, which extends over a certain range

brings, z. B. with PVC hard to about 110 ° C. of the ring 96 extend. The blown air segment 98

In the transfer device D (see FIG. 1), 40 is via a bore 99 and a pipeline 100

the blow pin 19 with the heated intermediate mold connected to a compressed air source ^ the exhaust air

ling 4 to the blow segment 97 formed by the turntable III stands via a bore 101 in the selected

station passed. Immediately after the end of the operation, fixed ring 96 and a

there would be a blow pin 19 and intermediate molding 4 to Bohning 102 in the ring 103 with the outer one

the turntable III is the associated two-part atmosphere or one leading to the outer atmosphere

gene blow molding devices 62 closed (see Fig. 4), connecting line. The ring 96 is two

however, the deformation device 26 becomes fixed during operation, but can within limits

still in its lower, in the right part of Fi g. 3 adjusted or rotated for the purpose of adjustment

position shown. Immediately after becoming. For this purpose is in a ring 104, dei

At the end of the blow molding devices 62, the deforming 50 is immovably connected to the turntable III,

mation device 26 of the mandrel 19 is arranged by an adjusting spindle 105, which is approximately tangential

the mandrel holder 20 comprising a fork-like hub with respect to the axis of the turntable III

device (see FIG. 9) starts up in the manner shown in FIG. The adjusting spindle 105 engages with a bolt

impact position of the blow tower device 62 pressed. threaded end 106 in a threaded hole 107 of the

Thus, the adapter 4 is in the neck part against 55 stationary ring 104 and points to the outside

the blown air sealed. With the side protruding upwards, a key end 108 appears. Besides that

the lifting device is shortly before the stop, the adjusting spindle 105 has an annular groove 109, ic

position also the blown air supply head 74 with which the flattened end 110 of a bolt 111

Blasluftzuführungsdüse75 by means of the piston that engages, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotary auxiliary power device 70 runs to the bore 22 of the 60 table III and the bearingl in the ring 96

the lower end of the blow dome 19 connected. is. By adjusting the adjusting spindle 105 is egg

During the remaining distance to raise the Ver possible, the ring 96 within certain limits

shaping device 26 serving lifting device to rotate and thus also the switching positions

gives way to the Blasluitzufühningsdüse 75 within the adjust. This adjustment is possibly also Blown air supply head 74 under tension of 65 possible during operation. For a pure

Spring 76 back. Adjustment would mean an adjustment of the outer ring

This blow pin 19 will now suffice with compressed air against 93 of the rotary valve. The Fig. C

serves. After inflation and an off and 7 show only as an example the control of the inflation

Ϊ5

air. The other controls can be provided in the same way. If a turntable T ₁ II, UI requires several controls, the corresponding rings must be arranged one above the other.

Alternatively, the rotary slide valve can be used for the device explained above with radial sealing an axial seal can also be selected.

Crosswise arranged slides 112 of the transfer device C (see Fig. 8) have at their end Rollers 113 or pins that engage in a fixed, preferably circular groove 114 that is eccentric are arranged to the axis of rotation of a slide carrier in which the slide 112 are slidably mounted and which rotates uniformly around this axis. The circular groove 114 is designed so that only one roller 113 of a slide 112 is guided. At the entry point 115 and run-out point 116 is the chord length of the groove 114 equal to the distance between the roller axes of one Slide 112.

The groove 114 continuously changes the effective radius of the slide 112. This allows the different Circumferential speeds of the rotary tables I, II, IH are compensated.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (22)

Patent claims: 1. Process for the production of hollow bodies, in particular bottles, made of thermoplastic material, in which a cold preform in Shape of a tube open on both sides detected, heated and essentially over its entire length keeping one end open and closing the other end to form a bulbous end Intermediate molding is deformed and thereafter the interstitial molded part grasped from the inside is brought into a blow mold surrounding it and in it is inflated to the desired hollow body, characterized in that the cold preform (5) initially from the outside in the middle area between its ends (1, 2) detected, then only the two ends (1, 2) to deformation temperature or welding temperature heated and then deformed to a welded base or to a bottle mouth then the intermediate molding (4) to a temperature below the deformation temperature lying deformation temperature required for inflation heated and then inflated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that only one end (2) of the preform (5) deformed into a bottle mouth and immediately afterwards the other end (1) in a known manner into a hollow bottom shape is pushed in. 3. The method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the to be deformed Ends (1, 2) of the preform (5) are heated differently over their length, and ■ although between a temperature corresponding essentially to the welding temperature of the plastic at its outer edge and one below the softening temperature of the plastic Temperature at its end lying on the unheated part of the preform. 4. Machine for the production of hollow bodies according to the method according to one of the "Proverbs 1 to 3 with at least one turntable, along the circumference of devices for holding and for the transport of the preforms by gripping them from the inside, devices for heating of the preforms, means for deforming one end of the preforms to form intermediate preforms are arranged are, with multi-part blow molding devices with blow molding devices and ejectors, the Axes of the preforms held are parallel extend to the axis of rotation of the turntable and the deformation devices in the axial direction Have mold parts movable in the direction of the preforms, characterized by the arrangement one behind the other of first heating devices (89) for heating the ends (1, 2) of the preforms (5) on the deformation temperature or welding temperature, deformation devices (26, 31, 32) for the deformation of both ends (1, 2), second heating devices (54) for heating the intermediate form (4) to the deformation temperature, Blow molding devices (62), ejectors (84), holders (9) for transporting the preforms (5) for gripping from the outside and holder for transporting the intermediate moldings (4) by gripping them from the inside hc. 5. Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the first heating devices (89) and their heating elements out of the area before deforming the axis of the preform (5) can be moved away. 6. Machine according to claim 4 and / or 5, characterized in that several, preferably three turntables (I, II, III) driven synchronously in a fixed speed ratio are provided, wherein the first turntable (I) has a number of the holders (9) and the same number of the deforming devices (26, 31, 32) with film parts that can be moved in the axial direction and one Sub-segment of this first turntable (I) is assigned the first heating device (89), the The periphery of the second turntable (H) is assigned the second heating devices (54) and wherein on the third turntable (III) a number of the multipart, in particular two-part blow molding devices (62) and a corresponding number of blown air supply heads (74) and the ejector (84) are arranged. 7. Machine; according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the holder ium grasping the intermediate moldings (4) from inside in a manner known per se as the inner mold parts of the deformation devices (26,31,32) carrying blow pins (19) are formed and that the blow pins (19) from the first Turntable (I) to the second turntable (II), from the second turntable (II) to the third turntable (III) and from the third turntable (III) to the first turntable (I) with the aid of known transfer devices (B, C, D) are movable. 8. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the blow pins by means of an auxiliary power device are movable parallel to the axis of rotation of a turntable, characterized in that that each blow pin (19) is carried by a blow pin carriage (42), which is up against one the stop (53) arranged on the turntable (I) can be moved with the auxiliary power device (38), and that in the same axis by means of a further auxiliary power device (34) an outer mold half the deformation device (32) for shaping the soil is movably arranged, wherein the holders (9) for gripping the preforms (5), seen in the direction of the axis of the turntable (I), are arranged between the two auxiliary power devices (34, 38). 9. Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the blow mandrel (19) relative to the blow mandrel carriage (42) by means of an energy store (49) against one provided on the blow mandrel carriage (42) Stop (51) is movable. 10. Machine according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the blow mandrel (19) by means of the outer mold half of the deformation device (32) against the action of the energy storage device (49) can be moved against a stop. 11. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the blow pin (19) before handing over to the second Turntable (II) can be moved out of the open holder (9) fie. 12. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 11 with a Hilfskraftvorrich'ung for axial approach of a blown air supply head to the one carrying the intermediate molding Blow pin and an auxiliary device for pulling the finished blown hollow body from the blow mandrel, characterized in that the blow molding directions (62) coaxial with the two auxiliary power devices (70, 80) are arranged. 13. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the holder (9) and the blow molding devices (62, 63) are movable by means of auxiliary power devices which essentially perpendicular to a plane laid through the axis of the turntable (I, III) are arranged. 14. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the holder (9) and the blow molding devices (62) are rotatably arranged around spindles (6, 55), the Axes run parallel to the axis of the associated turntable (I, III). 15. Machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the holder (9) and the blow mold Attention (62) associated levers (64) with the help of radially movable rollers (14, 65) can be controlled via cam tracks (17, 18; 68, 69). 16. Machine according to claim 15, characterized in that the cam tracks (17, 18; 68, 69) have a steep and a flat section. 17. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 16, characterized in that the turntable (I) carrying the preforming devices (26, 31, 32) is occupied by twice the number of units (El) as the turntable (III) carrying the blowing devices and rotates at half the speed as the latter. 18. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 17, characterized in that the second Turntable (II), to which the second heating devices (54) are assigned, with twice the number is occupied by units (£ 11) like the one carrying the preforming devices (26, 31, 32) Turntable (I) and rotates at half the speed as the latter. 19. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the turntables (I, II, III) are positively connected to one another by toothed gears (8, 57). 20. Machine according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that between the turntables (I, II, III) transfer devices (B, C, D) are provided for the purpose of adaptation Unequal peripheral speeds of the turntables (I, II, III) designed as a gear are, which have different peripheral speeds at the same angular speed. 21. Machine according to one of claims 4 to 20, characterized in that the operating means from the fixed axis of the turntables (I, II, III) can be supplied, with in on As is known, a stationary ring (96) is formed with connections in the form of grooves is, while a with the turntable (I, II, III) connected ring (93) with channels (94, 95) accordingly the number of supply points is provided. 22. Machine according to claim 21, characterized in that the fixed ring (96) in its radial position is adjustable.