DE1665292A1 - Electrical conductor made from an aluminum-based alloy - Google Patents

Description

DR. ELISABETH JUNG AND DR. VOLKER VOSSiUS

β MONKS 23. 8 I EG E88TRA8SE 26 ■ TELEPHONE 345087 · TELEGRAM ADDRESS: INVENT / MONCHEN.

C 313 E / J / b Munich, Sep 16 1966

USSN 490 660

MATHIJSSQiT CHEMICAL CORPORATION Kew York / USA

¹¹ Electrical conductor made from an aluminum-based alloy "

Priority »September 27, 1965 / USA registration no.» 490 660

The invention relates to electrical conductors made from an aluminum base alloy with an improved load-bearing capacity.

Electrical conductors made of aluminum alloys can be found to a large extent technical use, enhancements in this respect therefore very welcome.

The size of electric transmission lines is caused by various factors · determines Some lines depends the size ▼ on the ability of the head from which absugeben due dea Stroafluaeea heat generated * The heat must be discharged quickly enough to prevent au a temperature rise above 100 ⁰ C, as a month the continuity of the head is adversely affected.

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The load capacity of the line is limited by the rise in temperature of a conductor, which in turn is caused by the losses associated with the stroke due to the ohmic resistance. As stated above, the temperature must not exceed 100 ⁰ C dee conductor. The heat generated in the conductor can only be given off by radiation and heat flow. The convection overluete depend on the air temperature, the air pressure and the air concentration, which are largely uncontrollable variables. On the other hand, the part of the warning generated in the conductor that is emitted by radiation is determined by the emission of the surface.

A non-insulated, bare, non-weathered conductor, for example, has a low level of radiation emission and therefore a lower permissible load capacity for the same permissible temperature rise.

The emission can be measured in a vacuum device -v ^ m by having the emitted radiant energy from a Heated. surface to the walls of the chamber is determined. The value for the emission results from the ratio between the extent to which a certain body radiates heat and the extent to which a black body radiates heat the same temperature that radiates heat. The higher the emission The more heat is given off by radiation per unit of time. In connection with electrical power lines means The higher the era and the heat losses due to convection, the greater the resilience.

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For example, pure aluminum generally asked a ISmieoion of who.isser ale 0.10 and stranded aluminum overland cables rarely shows a daission above 0.25.

"If the conductor is exposed to the γ / uterine absorption for a longer period of time, natural corrosion products form, dirt: and other absorbent layers," which increase the emission through the surface. This 3? Ros5eß ver. However, it runs in unpredictable Yf ei do, since it depends ywü the changing environmental influences. Since the Veräziddrung is impossible to predict only a small cder Keik tateäcblieh'rfr advantage © is srzielt "Saher, by bigger emission by & Xqb® natürlieh® ^ ülnflfiaee e3? 23 £ chto Effliesion ia all £
tion of the BelaeA

£ 8 is deehalt a 'J - ^ l

Head from one AlmivV; \? mbflielelegieru ^ g ζητ fe ^ fügusg su steiles, ILer «ixi # improved Belest ^ t .--- since? aS ß.% e Sssit vii Vorttils atifeits, Tjäfes /" i® sMer & @ 2? «ilnßchten

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Other objects and advantages of the invention are described below.

Oegenttand the Brfindung 1st thus au an electrical conductor "a Aluminiumbasielegierung having an improved loading capacity, which has a conductivity IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) is characterized by at least 50 j> with a diameter of at least 1.27 mm and wherein the surface dee Conductor has an oxide coating of at least 0.000254 mm thickness and an emission ratio of 0.35 to 1.0

Surprisingly, it has been found that the conductor according to the invention has a greatly improved load-bearing capacity, which is generally increased by about 10 t . Furthermore, it has been shown that the corrosion conditions and the physical properties of the conductor according to the invention with a higher load-bearing capacity are comparable to those of the untreated conductor. In addition, the conductor according to the invention is characterized by a less shiny, slightly colored appearance, since it is developed in height, especially when the conductor is attached «N VoretadtwoimeebieteiT is desired.

Another part of the gate is the result of the ladder the treatments according to the invention create a smoother surface and therefore has less sharp projections «whereby than Radiation ▼ on energy is less likely. further it is particularly advantageous that the conductor is simple and

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can be practically produced and the larger emission through the surface a more rapid dissipation as a result of the Stromflueses generated tfer & e enables.

The conductor according to the invention can be made of any aluminum-based alloy, i.e. an alloy that contains all Contains the main proportion of aluminum, e.g. high-grade aluminum, .EC aluminum, the aluminum alloys of types 5005, 6062, 6201, 1100 etc.

The conductor according to the invention should have an IAC3 conductivity of at least 50 and a diameter of at least 1.27 mm exhibit:

The conductors according to the invention can be in individual strands or egg seeds with three or more heads Form a stranded cable from an aluminum alloy. The stranded cable can be used either with or without beam reinforcement. The shape and diameter of the strands in the conductors are not critical; it can be of any shape any suitable diameter can be used.

The conductor according to the invention welet a mOxydurbersug on the surface of at least ₉ 000254 M, Torsugewise 0.00127 to 0.00762 mm, thickness on ·

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Thicker coatings can also be used, but they offer only minor additional improvements and cannot be produced economically. Eemer has the lead. The surface emission ratio is between 0.35 and 1.0 and preferably 0.4 and 0.8. The emission and its measurement have already been defined above. The greater the jasion, the more heat is given off by radiation per unit of time and the greater the load-bearing capacity of the line.

The conductor according to the invention can be manufactured by any known method. It is preferably electrolytic Treated to some of the metals on the conductor surface to convert into an oxide. An example of this process is anodizing, which forms an oxide that is not contains only aluminum and oxygen but also significant amounts of water and the anion of the electrolyte. Preferably the bloxing process will lead to an increased emission of Head reached.

All electrolytes are diluted in water for anodizing Sulfuric acid and dilute aqueous oxalic acid are a precaution, although a number of other electrolytes are practical as well be canoe, like chroic acid and ehoephoreic acid. You anodizing can of course within a wide range of Stroedioh * · take place.

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It is preferable to work with the highest possible current density within the limits of supply and achievable movement and cooling. In general, this system is practically limited to about 1000 amps / 929 to 29 cm ² . Also the concentration of the electrolyte in the bath lot is not particularly critical. The preferred * concentration for oxalic acid in aqueous solutions is 5 * 1 · 10 l · and for sulfuric acid 10 to 20 # · No further advantages result from higher or lower concentrations. Lower concentrations would lead to losses because of the lower conductivity, while higher concentrations could cause higher losses by entrainment (draßout loaeea).

The bath tempere, ^ 6ϊΐ eollsi: 2ttr oxalic acid 65 ⁰ O and for sulfuric acid 30 ⁰ C not to avoid dissolving the coating. In general, good coatings work at temperature; - from ^ ⁰ C construction. I§ ° C for oxalic acid or sulfuric acid.

flat anodizing the conductor can be modified wi ler, if desired, by anodic BEFC ^ silung in an organic Pfeosphatester, stearic acid or Natriuastearat to make even more resistant to the Oberfläebe gegsn corrosion and clothes to prevent another H ^ dratiai * ". This the Geschwinöigkeit of a · ^^ spherical corrosion further reduced Dert date and the adhesion of any _4, dirt and other Yerunreinigunget.

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Other methods of manufacturing tang can also be useful conductor according to the invention can be used, e.g. dipping of the conductor in one of the many different commercially available mixtures containing chromates or phosphates, coatings produced by oxidation are obtained. These are primarily done to thin, oxide-containing surface films with improved paintability and to establish corrosion resistance. According to the invention, however, it has been found that by the Formation of a thin, oxide-containing surface film also improves the thermal radiation efficiency of a conductor and so that the emissivity is increased

Another method is to coat the conductor with a slurry of aluminum oxide (boehmite). The head is then heated to remove the water, leaving an adherent aluminum oxide coating on the surface forms.

The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following examples. ^In ** "™ rweneet0n aluminum tob type EC is" loh a Netall high-purity (see. 'Ketals Handbook *, 8th edition, American Soeiety for ketals, Vol. 1, p 88 * and and USF 3104 189, Thus x 5, and USP 3,261,908, columns 4 and 5).

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X 1

YeracMedene ladders, all made of aluminum of the type EC, which are described in the following table, are immersed in a bath that contains 7% aqueous oxalic acid and is kept at a temperature of 65 ^° G. The conductor is connected to a lead cathode as an anode and is kept under voltage for various times, as shown in the following table. Then the conductor is removed, rinsed with water and air dried. The Kmisoion dos Drahtes is measured and is also given in the following table. It can be seen from this that the conductor treated according to the invention has an increased emission. In addition, all treated conductors generally have the same physical properties, including resistance to corrosion, as the untreated, and they also look less shiny and are pale yellow in color.

L pus

25 »4 mm in diameter
aluminum

19.05 mm diameter
aluminum

ACSR 6/1

TABiSLLS I. 100 A / 929cm ² γ Measured emission Jäloxiorung 100 « y 0.25 no 105 ⁿ 0.49 20 see. 105 η 0.56 40 see » 105 • l 0.67 20 see. It 40 see. 30th 0 ^ 62 15 eec. 50 0.26 no 50 0.81 90 see. 0.61 20 see. 0.76 40 sec.

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Baiapiel 2

Portions einee conductor from Bö aluminum are immersed in dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution "containing 170 g / liter and maintained at a temperature of 2O ⁰ C. As an anode, the conductor is exposed to a voltage τοη 16 V during the duration of the junction. The sample sections are then rinsed, dried in the air, and their emissions measured. In addition, the thickness of the oxide covering is determined, which is given in the following table. It follows from this that the anodizing treatment according to the invention increases the emission. In addition, the treated conductors generally show the same physical properties and corrosion resistance as the untreated conductors and look less shiny.

(«Ta)

O 1.5

TABEIiLJS II

emission

0.33 0.59 0.81 0.92

0.95 0.97

Oxide coating thickness (mm)

0.000762

0.001776

0.002794

0.005842

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Example 3 _

A 6.096 m long ladder made of aluminum JiC, rom type 336.4 iüGM - 19 wire is anodized for 20 minutes as in example 2. The conductor is then rinsed and air dried. Et is then hung up and energized with a suitable alternating current source. The temperatures on a treated and untreated conductor are measured with thermocouples. They are compiled in the following table. These values clearly show that if the same temperature is maintained through the treated conductor, significantly higher currents can flow than through the untreated conductor.

Table III

Temperature treated conductor Thin-treated conductor - StrowBtärke (Amp) Stroaetfirke (Amp)

C 430

100 ° C. 520

The ssur compliance with the temperature required higher Current intensity in the treated conductor is due to the increased radiation, compared to that from the surface nit higher * .Emission goes out.

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Example*

The above treatments have increased the emission are on an industrial scale continuously with a Conductor made of EO-Aluainiu * τοη 504 »β η length» 12.7 a Durohme seer and ait 7 wires carried out. At the beginning of the treatment, the head is made from a 12.7 mm long tube Stainless steel led, the tin perforated inside α tube contains to «in · touch« wipe the conductor and the stainless steel au prevent. The stainless steel

serves as the cathode and the conductor as an anode channels electrolyte is from about 54 ⁰ O duroh the stainless "steel pipe and is pumped from there through" inen heat exchanger 7jtige * Oxalic acid "- to provide enough heat au remove and the electrolyte at the Zuführungeende of the steel pipe ·· keep at constant temperature. Outdoor caps on the steel tubes through which the ladder is moved prevent the electrolyte from flowing out. The conductor is passed through the drill at a rate of 6.096 "P per minute, the current density is 500 Aap / ** 9 cm ² ·.

This section is followed by another through which water is pumped, including rinsing. Air ducts are attached to the unwinding to remove excess oxalic acid and the like remove · After rinsing, drying is done with the aid. · the same nozzles in connection with heat

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The ladder is finally guided by a winch and wound up there.

The conductor obtained is a golden yellow color, a Surface oxide layer of 0.00381 mm thickness and an emission τοη about 0.8.

Example 5

The process of Example 4 is repeated, but an additional end section is added which corresponds to the blocking section and in which the conductor is again anodized. In this case, a dilute aqueous Löeung is used as an electrolyte containing 0.5 1 _'t of a mixture of about 65 wt. £ a ätbozylierten Ootylphenolphospbatestersf about 12 Gew.jt water and about 23 wt. Ji äthoxyliertea contains octylphenol.

The conductor obtained has the same properties as in Example 4; the surface is also hydrophobic and largely insensitive to further hydration «

Example 6

A conductor Gana consisting of aluminum of the type £ 0 is dipped into a common solution aur producing Ozydationsttbersügsn that θ g / liter of a solution of eechewertigem Ohrom and fluoride · will solution 10 Hinuten at 35 ⁰ O feha3t # n. '

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Then the ladder is rinsed and air-dried, »ie after The emission given this treatment lies between 0.42 and 0.50.

Example 7

Samples of a! Urther, entirely of aluminum tob JSG type consisting of a solution are sprayed old, consisting of a colloidal suspension of boehmite in water, dried and 15 minutes at 100 ⁰ C heated τοη to an adherent Boehmitübersug 0.00508 mm thickness au form · infrared absorption- ■ esaungen on coatings of aluminum oxide (boehmite) τοη 0.00508ι Dioke beige that they have the same or a slightly better absorption capacity and thus the same emission as the anodic overlay produced in Examples 2 and 3 τοη 0 , 00508 mm surround.

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Claims (1)

* 15 - Patents β ρ r tt che 1. Electric lieiter «do an aluminum aluminum alloy with a Terbeeeerte resilience, gekennBeiotaiet by a purchaeeser of at least 1.27 am and «in« IAS ability γόη at least «50 *» where «ie the surface of the tere an oxide transfer clay at least · 0.000254 en thickness and a Kaiaaioneverrat τοη 0.35 to 1 »0 eufweiet. 2. Ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that it does not At least three of the conductors are made from an aluminum base alloy lusaaaen «in distributedβ cables form · 5 * Ladder according to claim 2, characterized in that the cable is in the middle of the old steel deck 4. The ladder according to claim 1 _9, characterized in that it has an oxide layer on the surface with a thickness of 0.00127 - Ö | Ö0762. 5 "Ladder" according to Anapruoh 1, characterized by the fact that it has a Kaieeionererbaltnie swlsohen 0,4 and O ₉ S. 6 · Ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the o * yd oversug on the surface has an anodic appearance Oaiydübersug is 009849 / 06A5 BATH ORIGINAL 7. Ladder according to claim l _t characterized
that the oxide coating iat a boehmite coating. O. Head according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxide coating has been produced by oxidation. 9. Head according to claim 1, characterized in that the head 'has a hydrophobic surface. 10. A ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of Qua EG aluminum. 0098 ^ 9/0545