DE1660759A1 - Method and device for manufacturing felt products - Google Patents

Description

ORG-AIiIZATION, 314 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria (Australia)

Process and procedure for the manufacture of felt products

The invention also relates to improvements in the manufacture and processing of mushrooms and, more particularly, to an improved process and method in the manufacture of food products.

Bsi the production of. it is purple in general not-W2i ^ s, s * ci Irböi'ssgüngs dvirclis ^ fäiirane Ber erate Ar-Dol ^ sgsiig is "<Iaa 20gss.a2isite Fiacii'nnern," with the number ~ reiolic is-? Iaiofe? »; n ve" -filssa3? er fassrbahnen siaerst with

eSt isnd swigohen si walked who

166UVS9

When the hardening process is complete, the felt is generally milled in a fulling machine, which some Embodiments comprises a tub or bowl and one or more hammers, which the felt of the Lift off the bottom of the tub and press it against the tub wall. After the pressing process, the hammers are in their starting position moved back, and the milled felt rolls back, giving it a different starting position for the next fulling process performed by the hammer.

This fulling process is recommended within certain limits as satisfactory, however, its results, as can easily be seen, are arbitrary and accidental.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the arbitrariness or randomness in the flexing process Avoid su so that the mushroom products can be milled uniformly.

A further object of the invention is to create a method for producing mushrooms from fibers 2113, in which before the start of the ¥ alkei: ö üss felt nicbl ^; BOTweMig eina ÜFlaoli «hardening, take place muii-.

? ern * r isv <:.? kv? g ^ - <~ · ■ - ■ : i? Invention, a device ζ ~ λ srniffor., I: lt ·! ·; '"Ine: Fulling more effectively than before

1 '9 β 1 "Π / 0-450.

Finally, "the object of the invention is to create a method and a device with which mushroom bars or sticks of various cross-cut shapes can be continuously produced.

To solve these problems, a method for milling mushroom stalks od. The like. Proposed in which according to the Invention, the mushroom stick to be waxed is held so that it is essentially parallel to the face of the fulling hammer or the fulling hammer remains, whereupon the hammer strikes the felt and one through the entire pin rod causes continuous compression, after one or more Ireßvorgangs or pressing intervals the point at which the pressing takes place is changed. The change in the press point is at one Embodiment of the invention achieved by rotating the mushroom body relative to the mallet while his axial position relative to the hammer is not changed.

Preferably, the angle of rotation is about 90 °, but it goes without saying that if a mushroom rod with a circular Cross-section is made, the twist angle at least should occasionally deviate from 90 °, so that the formation of mushroom stems with a square cross-section is avoided will. The proposed method accelerates the flexing process because it is exerted perpendicularly on the mushroom stalks Alternating pressure forces at different points create an effective fulling.

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In the method proposed according to the invention, two fulling hammers or other hammers can also be placed in one tub arranged movable members may be provided which are alternating and substantially perpendicular to one another work to change the direction of felt pressing. This process further speeds up the milling process because the second hammer can already be advanced when the first is withdrawn, so that each hammer with can work at normal speed and twice as many hammer blows within a certain time can be exercised as usual when mushroom objects are made with a circular cross-section, a slow rotation of the felt objects can be provided, and / or the object can be in an axial direction Direction to be advanced to a position in which pressures exerted by other hammers in directions which are offset by about 45 ° compared to the hammers in the first flexing position

The invention also encompasses a method for producing mushroom in which a fiber paste is encased in a flexible casing is packed, this casing with its longitudinal axis parallel to the end face of at least one fulling hammer and the casing is pressed by the hammer or hammers, the point of contact of the hammers after every touch or every interval is changed, NOr- sometimes it is desirable after every pressing operation

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the hammer s / uia "to twist its axis, thereby, more evenly Shaped and milled mushroom objects are produced.

Further, the invention relates to a continuous process for producing mushroom, wherein the mushroom is shifted axially as soon as the density of the mushroom part lying in the area of the fulling hammers has reached the desired value has reached.

In addition, it is proposed according to the ur-iiMimg e-ine Yorr-iohtung, which mrsi, GÄl'iaiHäner odei ² movable in a tub ocU like, has other elements, di-5 in wpsc'utlichea seateeolrfc s ^r u on each other Mushroom «iag '^ il ^ i-sn % nah dis fesasr Asibosm öder lormplatten aufsis'fc; Q ^ f] -Ii lie a: lo k & MQi / οο1-33? feewegliareii WöjSlRg! 2-i could

1660769

For "a better understanding of the invention are in the drawing tion of exemplary embodiments of the device proposed according to the invention for carrying out the proposed device Procedure shown, namely shows

1 shows a partial side view of an embodiment of the device,

. 2 shows a section along line 2-2 from Pig. 1, from which the contained in the device Connecting links can be seen,

Pig. 5 shows a section along line 3-3 from Pig. 1, from which the arrangement of a whale miaramer

and which can be seen on the fulling pads,

]? ig * 4 ei: ftö: n. Similar to the cut, vlv in 7ig »3 by eras modified A-js'Uü: ^ ungsrorm der ¥ or-

BATH

can, are arranged. When the "special shown Embodiment is the mallet 4 to two pins 6 on upper end of the frame and the Walkhanimer 5 at a ^ ei Pin 7 pivotable on one side of the frame.

The hammer 5 is held by two arms 8 and 8 ¹ , each of which contains a stepped part 9 or 9 ¹ in the area of the pin 7, which, as can be seen from the drawing, is supported by vertical frame struts 10 and inwardly protruding eyes 11 a carrier 12 fastened between the two frame struts 10 are pushed through. The hammer 4 is supported by two * offset arm parts 13 and 13 * mounted on the pin 6, which are attached to arms 14 and 14 * which carry the hammer 4 at their free ends. The arm parts 9 and 13 or 9 * and 13 ¹ are connected to one another via two tabs 15 which are connected to the arm parts 9 and 9 ¹ via a pin 16 and to the arm parts 13 and 13 'via a pin 17.

The arrangement of the hammer support arms and the connecting tabs is such that when the hammer 4 moves against the plate 3, the hammer 5 is moved away from its plate 2. Thus, the hammers can be compared to their assigned Walk plates are moved back and forth in such a way that alternately a hammer is applied to it Walk plate closed and the other hammer moves away from the walk plate assigned to it and never both hammers

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be moved towards the walk plates at the same time.

A reversibly movable drive rod 18 is connected via a pin 19 to eyes 20 on the support arms of the hammer 5 are attached «By the reversible movements of this drive rod, that described above Movement evoked. The control of the drive rod can be carried out in any conventional manner. The rod can, for example, be attached to a pin a connecting rod or the like or a crank connected which is driven by a motor, or it can

be the piston rod of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder or in any other arbitrary way be moved. Preferably, the stroke of the rod 18 is variable, so that the device for the processing of Objects of various sizes can be used; however, the special design of this adjustment device not important to the present invention.

In operation, the material 21 to be milled is placed between the two milled plates 2 and 3 and the rod 18 is driven back and forth, as a result of which the material 21 is hit alternately by each hammer. Under normal circumstances it is desirable to twist the material between each stroke so that the fulling process is carried out evenly over the circumference of the material. The twisting of the material is not described in detail here, since it can be carried out in any desired manner, but it is desirable that the twisting steps be carried out by 10 9 818/0450 -q-

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way less than 90 when an object with a circular cross-section is to be produced.

The device proposed according to the invention can be used to produce objects with a rectangular or square cross-section. In this case the angle of rotation of the step is preferably 90 ° for square articles or 180 ° for rectangular articles, the The blows of the two fulling hammers differ depending on the relative side length of the rectangular cross-section can be set large.

The material 21 disposed in the device may or may be preformed uncured or hardened felt consist only of feltable fibers. In the latter case it is desirable to have the fibers in a sheath are housed so that they are held in a shape until entanglement occurs and the fibers together begin to matt or interlock. In one embodiment of the invention, the fibers in one Sack made of cotton fabric or linen can be accommodated, which roughly approximates the desired final shape of the product to be manufactured Object, although it has a larger diameter than the desired end product. With As the flexing process progresses, the sack becomes looser and looser around the increasingly matted material becomes longer as a result, but it nevertheless limits the axial expansion of the felt.

ORlGiNALlNSPECfED ¹⁰

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In certain circumstances it is desirable to have that to be matted Material with aggressive substances such as sulfuric acid to "treat, and it may be preferred to put the material in an impermeable bag, for example made of rubber or plastic, so that the chemicals do not come into contact with the fulling device itself come.

Usually it is desirable to keep the felt off during the To keep manufacturing and shaping against axial expansion, although this is not shown in the drawing ο In one embodiment, pressure can be exerted periodically in the axial direction on the felt, which is partly in addition serves to prevent the felt from stretching in length. In addition, these periodic pressures can be the Support entangling process. According to a second embodiment end plates can be arranged next to the side surfaces of the hammer, up to which the felt extends can expand and exert an axial pressure on the felt as soon as it is under the beating of the hammers tried to expand further axially.

Although this is also not shown in the drawing, the proposed device can also be used to produce objects with a wide variety of shapes, whereby fulling plates and hammers must be provided, which have shapes corresponding to the objects. When such shaped articles are made, it is im

11 ORIGINAL iNSPECTED

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generally undesirable to twist the mushroom body, if the rotation is not through an angle -sr, that the object to be made pilsner corresponds to one of these foi ^ Can take a position »

Me invention can also be used to make ice pipes ο In this case, before the start of the Felting process in your Pils material a flexible core is arranged, which can be deformed with the mushroom, whereby a felting of the material adjacent to the core is promoted or made possible.

In one embodiment, the core can be hollow and initially expanded by fluid or gas pressure so that as the diameter of the material to be felted decreases, the pressure in the core will be reduced can, whereby a reduction in the core diameter is possible, so that the central opening of the tube is smaller will.

The present invention is particularly useful for continuous Suitable for making mushroom. In Pig, 4 the minor modification is shown, which at ier Apparatus must be made to enable continuous mushroom production. Pig. 4 is the same Look like Pig. 3 of the modified device · By comparing the two Piguren it can easily be seen that the only difference is that the

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Plate 22 or walking pad, which replaces the walking plate 3, from one side of the device to the other extends inside inclined, and the hammer 23, which replaces the hammer 4, is shaped similarly. The working gap between the hammer and the fulling plate is conical. In the operation of this embodiment of the invention, the material to be felted 24 of the device from the end continuously fed at which the working gap is largest. For making circular felt objects the material is rotated while it is being fed. With a progressive reduction in the material diameter due to felting the material is pushed into an area in which the distance between the hammer and the one assigned to it Walk plate is less in the impact position. Thus takes place when the material is slowly moved through 24 through the device the felting process takes place. The material 25 running out of the device is sufficiently matted and then cut to the desired lengths or other machining operations fed »

In Pig. 5 shows a slight modification of the device from FIG. 4, so that with the device from Fig. 5 a felt tube can be continuously produced.

The device from Fig. 5 has Walk plates 22 and Hammer 23, which are identical to those from FIG. 4. The only difference is the arrangement

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a conical core 26, which in the Durohtrittsaohse of the mushroom cord lies through the device. In the illustrated embodiment, the core is resilient designed to be resilient and has a circular cross-section over its length and "has a coaxially arranged rigid support member 29. In operation, the material to be felted has the largest diameter Having entered the end of the core in the machine, and this material 27 is essentially the same Subjected felting process, which was described in connection with the embodiment according to FIG For the reasons given above, core 26 is resilient, so that it can move the parts resting against it laser enables and felting of the fibers is permitted. At the narrower end of the flexing device, the «finished Felt tube 28 withdrawn from the core and fed to further processing stations.

It will be understood that the core covers both sides of the device can stand out. If the core protrudes beyond one side, as shown in FIG. 5, it must Material 27 is fed to the core support 29 or pushed in over this support, although the finished pipe 28 can also be pulled out of the device.

With certain feed options it is preferable to have the core protrude beyond the other side of the device to leave a largely straight forward

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allow directional supply of the fibers. In this case, however, there is a difficulty in discharging " of the completed tube 28 from the core. Normally Under these circumstances the pipe will have to be cut off, after which the core support is loosened and the pipe must take from the end of the core.

In order to be able to produce tubular objects with a square or rectangular cross-section, a slightly modified embodiment of this device can be used has desired inner cross-sectional shape of the tube and has a similar shape at its larger end that is at least 20 $ larger in linear dimensions. This core is axially supported, as described in connection with the core 26 of the embodiment of FIG. 5, and held in the axial direction, and the material to be felted is slowly fed over the larger end of the core towards the smaller end of the core in this way it migrates through the tapered working gap of the device. In all of these continuous working processes described above, the material to be felted must be supplied under pressure, and a certain counter pressure should be exerted on the emerging felt rod or the like in order to limit the axial expansion of the felt during the felting process.

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More complicated shapes, especially with regard to the internal cross-section of pipes, can be similar Wise made.

For square, rectangular or other shapes For pipes it is often desirable and preferred to have an outer shape made of rigid foam rubber or the like resilient Compressible material to provide thereby to achieve a more accurate and uniform profile.

Claims;

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Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Process for the production of elongated ones to be milled Felt objects, characterized in that the felt object to be milled practically parallel to the work surface of at least one fulling hammer or other form element is healed and the hammer strikes the felt to make the felt perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the Pressing the felt object together, after one or more such pressings or at intervals between such pressures the situation in which felt object is hit by the hammer, is changed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the change in the press position by rotating the Felt object is achieved compared to the walk hammer. 3 «Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the twisting of the felt object with respect to the mallet is carried out in steps of 90 ° so that an elongated felt object with a square cross-section is formed. - 17 - 9818/0450 art »** - « < ^{SPECTED 17} "11) 6 O 7 5 9 4 · The method according to claim 2 or 3 »characterized in that that the felt object is rotated at least occasionally in sohrits deviating from 90 °, so that an elongated felt object with a circular cross-section is created » 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the change in the position in which the mushroom is pressed is achieved by alternately hitting the Felt object is achieved with at least two fulling hammers, the directions of movement of the hammers lie at an angle to each other. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the elongate felt article of two substantially hammers or shaped elements that can be moved perpendicular to one another are struck alternately. 7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, iaduroh characterized, that the felt object is slowly rotated relative to the hammers, so that a cylindrical felt object arises. 8, method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a expansion of the felt object taking place in axial sighting is limited or prevented. '- 18 - 109818 / 045Q 1B6Ü759 Method according to one or more of the claims 1 Ms 8, characterized in that a fiber mass is introduced into a flexible sheath and the the casing containing fibers is processed by the fulling hammer or hammers. 10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for continuous Manufacture of an elongated mushroom object, the mushroom is moved axially. β method according to claim 10, characterized in that that the distance between the working surface of the hammer or corresponding form element and the dem Hammer associated walk plate or the opposite form element, between which the elongated Mushroom object is compressed where the Mushroom or the material to be felted is introduced, is larger than where the fungus leaves the fulling area . 12. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for manufacturing a mushroom tube or a mushroom sleeve, a central flexible core is arranged in the mushroom to be milled will. - 19 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 109818/04 SO 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that that the core is hollow and is initially expanded by a pressure medium, with progressive Entangling process the pressure is decreased to reduce the diameter of the core. 14. Method according to one or more of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that a fixed Core is provided, over which the material to be felted must run, so that a felt tube or the like «, is formed which is longer than the length of the fulling hammers or elements, 15ο method according to claim 14, characterized in that that the diameter of the core decreases in the direction of movement of the felt, so that the inner diameter of the felt tube is reduced as the felting process progresses. 16. Apparatus for producing and milling felt according to the method according to one or more of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it has two fulling hammers (4, 5) or shaped elements (23) which Beat approximately at right angles to each other and each of which has a walk plate (2, 3) or a shaped element (22) is assigned against which the hammer or similar felt can press - 20 - 109818/0450 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that each hammer (4,5) can be pivoted at right angles to the other is suspended, a link (15) being provided between the hammers so that when one hammer moves against its fulling plate (2 or 3), the other hammer moves away from its striking plate will. 18. Gate direction according to claim 16 or 17> characterized in that that one of the hammers (5) is connected to a reciprocating drive (18) through which it is moved towards and away from its corresponding fulling plate (2). 19 · Device according to one or more of the claims 16 to 18, characterized in that it has a core (26) which extends between the hammers (23) and the flexing plates (22) assigned to them extends and is detachably arranged. 20. The device according to one or more of claims 16 to 19f, characterized in that the distance between the hammers (23) and their walk plates (22) decreases from one side of the device (1) to the other, the core (26) in the. Space is arranged between the hammers and their flex plates and its cross section decreases with the decrease in the space between the hammers and their flex plates. G / H and bw 109818 / OA50 IN THE .. Blank page