DE1660335A1 - Process for the production of feltable fibers and feltable fibers obtained by this process - Google Patents

Description

Procedure for. Manufacture of feltable fibers and feltable fibers obtained by this process

The invention relates to feltable fibers and to a threading to make the same. The invention relates in particular to a method by means of which fibers do not contain wool a more or less wool-like surface pattern is conveyed.

According to the invention feltable fibers are created which an asymmetrical, fine surface pattern or scale or have spikes of very small dimensions »

Various methods have become known by means of which the shape of the whole of other fibers is imparted. Some of these processes make the fibers wool-like by mechanical deformation and heat treatment Conveyed ripples.

One problem underlying the invention is to find fibers that are not wool and that are natural or synthetic fibers, with an asymmetrical, fine surface pattern or scales or To provide serrations *

A further object underlying the invention task is verfilzbare fibers that no wool aind, improved ability to spin ta en chaff which can be subjected to a fulling, z "B, one call from derer-

009829/1536 - 2 -

term fibers, a felt for paper manufacture, or conventional mushroom produce wants _e Another object underlying the invention task is to provide a fiber which is not wool, and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the fiber has a surface configuration substantially equal to that of natural wool and thus has properties that practically correspond to those of wool,

According to the invention, a textile is created whose Properties are practically the same as those of wool, but less prone to shrinkage during washing is.

In the case of the feltable fiber according to the invention there is at least the outer part of the same made of plastic, this outer part being practically sawtooth-like in longitudinal section Having configuration wherein, the inclined surfaces of each tooth having practically different angles limit the axis of the fiber so that in drawing the fiber in a longitudinal direction along a given surface the coefficient of friction differs significantly from the coefficient of friction differs, which is determined when the fibers are in the opposite longitudinal direction is pulled.

According to the invention, a method for producing a fusible fiber is also created, which is characterized in that a coating is formed on a fiber which can be deformed in the softened state, then the coating is softened and a plurality of spikes is formed in the softened coating so the outer surface dee about Zugee in length · ohnitt tint prtktisoh sawtooth-like configuration to vtroitttlB "wobti dit gt-

009829/1536 - * ■ - ■■

Each ZaJin's inclined surfaces practically different Limit the angle with the fiber axis and then the deformed one Coating is cured, whereby a coated fiber is obtained which is fine to be drawn in a longitudinal direction has a coefficient of friction along a given surface which differs greatly from the coefficient of friction differs, which is detected when the coated paser is pulled in the opposite direction.

According to the invention, a feltable fiber can be produced from a fiber which has no felting properties by coating or covering the surface of the fiber with a material which can be deformed in such a way that a desired surface pattern is formed on the cover and thus on the fiber _o The fibers coated in this way are then arranged parallel to each other and the coating is made deformable, Z ₀ B _{0 means} heating if the coating consists of a thermoplastic material, or by treating the coating mix with a liquid that causes the coating to swell The coated fibers arranged in this way are then embossed, preferably by passing them through embossing rollers, whereby a fine, asymmetrical surface pattern is embossed on the surface of the fibers, and the fibers treated in this way can then be stretched, a heat treatment subject or zer are cut, depending on the quaiitätseiccinschai'ten, which ratel the end product] t wfii * - 'α Gn c

iKi-i erj'inuuN ^ ii.'ifjriigte method ) .ami f-ujtweder of] «'! - ■> -jr η <>.; he a lj ii <ul <u -vier J-'cüe avtsgeiivu, i 'ui dom hands- ·.] η of J ¹¹ Ud en, such as Kutia U ^ iae- or nyn tue ti;. · eh en fibers., 341 dor

009829/1 536 ^ÖAD ORKSINAL- A -

according to the invention. Way, the threads are initially parallel arranged to one another and then coated with a solution of a product in which the prongs are formed should, or such a product is in the melted

■ State applied base coating is carried out by the long threads passed through the solution or melt parallel to one another and then passed between embossing rollers which impress the sawtooth-like pattern in the coating, if the coating is in the form of a solution has been applied, the embossing rollers or flaking. fe printer preferably heated so that at the same time with the

Form the sawtooth-like pattern on filaments of solvent is evaporated when the coating in the melted

• State has been applied, the embossing is done with cold Rolling carried out so that the coating is solidified at the same time as the sawtooth-like pattern is impressed »

In any case, the 3 ^ ds, which are sawtooth-like Pattern in the cover has been embossed, cut into staple fibers and see subsequent k by spinning the staple fibers, threads similar to wool are obtained- «,

When carrying out the process with a one-piece film with a thickness of 5 to 10 microns, the drawing of the film strip is carried out practically in the same way as for the parallel threads This is followed by cutting into threads with a width of Z ₀ B ₀ 5 to 10 microns. The threads thus obtained are then cut into

Staple fibers zer.uoh.nj ttoii, ,,, «ni« w «f

009B29M536 BAB «** ■ * _.

It is also possible and sometimes -vorteilhaft, a protective film start zn the operation, the different shrinkage ratios Rait from two sheets inspects such _o B _a in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the strip, or such that the ilichtung of the heat shrinkable ens a The foil is slightly inclined to the longitudinal direction of the tires, in all of which, after cutting the embossed foil in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the foil and subjecting the foil or the staple fibers to the heat treatment, fibers emalten that a ^configu-: having guration, as shown in thee Fig 5 »in the ^ j aweixen case, ie" if the direction of heat shrinkage dimension of one of the films of the film relative to the longitudinal of the film strip is tilted, a spiral shape. obtained crimped staple fiber

The outer surface of the wool fibers is in the form of scales

the

or serrations formed, / having a depth of several thousandths of a millimeter and a pitch of several hundredths of a millimeter different angle is inclined from the FasBrachse _o These angles are α to herein as the angle β and described, wherein, as further set out below, the angular ^ itöl β than the angle α · β is.

r ~ Because of the difference between these two angles, the

G * Koiüungu coefficient when drawing the fiber along a <n -.

* given surface area in an axial direction of the fiber

ο differentiate from the friction coefficient that one then notices / if the fiber is in the opposite direction

BAD ORlQSHAL

_ g - ■

is pulled,

If this type parsers are .dem so-called walking are subjected to in water, a felting can be achieved in such a way that a better spinnability is obtained _o

According to the invention, a more or less wool-like surface pattern can be formed on other strands, as explained in detail below, by embossing the deformable surface of such other strands by passing the strands between embossing rollers which have a surface pattern which corresponds to that which the parsers are to be conveyed ₀ such a surface pattern is preferably formed on a plate or Polie, which then forms the surface of the embossing roll by a diamond cutter or a hot arrangement is applied, as α for forming a Spektrointerferenznetzes applied wirdo.Die angle and β represent uchneidtiefe and the pitch d _o h _{o is} the distance of the adjacent lines can be adjusted so that the desired ratio of the diameter of the Padens or Paser is achieved, which are subjected to the embossing process sollo

An asymmetrical, fine, sawtooth-like surface can be embossed on a plurality of parallel filaments or a pile consisting of filament material under the condition that the surface parts to be embossed are in a deformable state, Z ₀ B ₀ at an elevated temperature in the pail a thermoplastic material or in the swollen state in the pail of a material that can be swollen when treated with water or another suitable plush,

009 829/1536 ⁶ ^ ORIGINAL - 7 -

- 7 -! bb U ό J D

The hergesiellten in this way, fibers can be applied in the thus-obtained state or cut into shorter! Staple fibers eggs desired length, after the uncut fibers have been optionally subjected to a strain _o In this manner verfiJzbare fibers with an asymmetric, fine surface pattern or dandruff or get pips «. - '

According to the invention, the deformable surface is either. a fiber or a film consisting of a fiber-forming material, or the surface part of such a fiber or film, which is deformable, subjected to compression in a softened or plasticized state, Λ as is achieved by a heat or swelling treatment? so that the specified asymmetrical fine pattern can be printed or embossed on the surface of such a fiber or film,

The fibers embossed in this way can then be used in desired Cut into lengths, or the foil embossed in this way can be continuously formed into fine ribbons-under are cut out of fibers and, if necessary, a hardening process can be carried out by means of twisting be carried out, or it can be cut into short staple fibers that are suitable for felting are.

After the milling has been carried out, the deformable material with which the fibers or the film has been coated and into which the desired asymmetrical sawtooth-like has been shaped, can be loosened and thus removed, or preferably only the outer part of it is removed. the sawtooth-like sharp edges destroyed or removed, which in the ensuing breath become one

can lead to shrinking _c 00 9 829/15 36 -8-

BÄ ©

So can ζ · Β. a layer film made of two fiber-like Materials with different core properties. depending on the environmental conditions, such as temperature, Sources, us «· can be applied · In this case, short hollow fibers with formed on their entire surface! Scales or spikes can be obtained by cutting the film into staple fibers and one Warming »swelling etc. be subjected to what makes me A curling of the ribbon-like fibers in concentric, cylindrical shaped bodies results in · The composite or layered film leads to anisotropy, with regard to the shrinkage speed of the fibers and thus a spiral-shaped fiinschruopfen the slide are conveyed.

In Vienna it is necessary to completely remove the material which forms the asymmetrical surface pattern after the milling process has been carried out. 2.B. for coloring, etc., a curvilinear or spiral pattern should be hardened in the present state.However, if the material for forming the unevenness is as thick as possible and the same is dissolved by means of a solvent or the fine asymmetrical pattern is removed or destroyed by a heat treatment , swelling, chemical treatment (treatment with acid or alkali) is removed, can üuster further, when the faserföraigen from the Y existing material film is made of iwei layers are removed ·, ie the folienaohioht with the under "ohied- t · High off must be carried out on pre-stretching and kiohtung in the form of a body, the hardening can be omitted for the elderly, and even then, if it is necessary for the formation of the surface pattern. ο applied material completely. Sine Faaer with ο

such a structure can be set in such a way that

that it shows an optimal shrinkage behavior e β, by using deadly conditions or other types of treatment during each work stage, never spinning, weaving, Wrinkle-proofing, fulling or finishing can be used

The invention is explained below, for example, under Besagnähme on the accompanying drawings; Pig. 1 shows, in schematic elevation, a cross-section of FIG Embossing plate for forming the sawtooth-like pattern on the fibers and foils of the invention Fig. 2 is a schematic elevation showing the embossing of the fiber or foil between rollers forming a cylindrical surface as in Fig. I. FIGS. 3 and 4 are the same as the cross-sectional view Fiber parts which have the surface pattern formed according to the invention.

Fig. 5 is a view of an invention readily available Fiber or foil.

With reference to FIG. 1, a diamond 1 is reproduced there, which has a son surface with two letters , which extend at angles α and β according to the longitudinal direction of the film 2, In which the Musttv is to be engraved The foil can consist of aluminum, copper, suitable plastic, 01a ”or the like and the cutting tool 1 relative to one another according to the »training

- i deü each recess are formed in this way at the top

f

"" tea mueter plates wtrden · ο then laughs on the surface

i '^ ä ^ ewdzen 3 and 3', eithe Fig · 2, applied, and · «

^ Μ? Ύ% ύ those with their Oberflloh «in weiohgemnohtec condition ί ° fibers 4 then zwieohta den g * safent« n

3 and 3S are represented by the arrows, guided so that the embossed fiber 4 * is formed · You can have recesses or teeth of the embossing rollers, at right angles or at an acute angle in relation to the fibers passing between the rollers

The smallest value for β will be around 90 *. Ee is technically difficult to cut in such a way that β is less than 90 °. If d is determined first, will the pitch depends essentially on the angle α. the Optimal values for the pitch and the depth of the prongs will tone the thickness of the fiber, the elasticity, the density the arrangement, the degree of creep, the degree of deformation depend while walking and other variables «

As shown in FIG. 3, in this way, for example, a synthetic fiber is deformed which has a sawtooth-like surface configuration, the two inclined surfaces of each tooth practically forming different angles * and β sit of the fiber axis, the recesses between - »ohen the individual teeth have a KaTe ä ₄ on" is in 'the riohtta relation to the Durohaeeser _Ä d of Faatr aas * selected.

Those. 4 Swig * "in" trtinduagagvellße composite fiber, in which the 5 bits are covered with a "Uabtrsiif 6", in which the saw-like contour is formed. The Durohnte · «* of the inner Fm ir we * duroh d, and di · maxima _m It Diok · # * · Utb«? Tuf m duroa% ·; witdergtf ··· & «Also hl«? S eoWitptndit gwti gtneierter O »« pflä «h« a J ed «· Zahea under» ^ »ohiedlioä · Winktl from α and ·« it ύ · τ faaeraoantt «in *

m In dtr Fif. 5 wtrdtn duroh di ·! «Sue · % * l * b · ι 5 ^ H die, folitn-forming, fittrföraifwi Mattrislien finer

In S ^ »p # if» ltrii »tr-

t4

-u- '166Q335

cuts and due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the same, swelling behavior or the like Are ruffled · This creates a. inward bending, aο that the asymmetrical, fine surface parts or scales are maintained along the entire circumference and a rounded, practically hollow paser is trained.

Ask a polyethylene film with the saw-track-like pattern in such a way that the angle α is 25 ° to 35 ° and the angle β is 115 ° and 120 ·, 1 becomes a length τοη 22 microns and U ₁ is 10 microns amount to. After cutting the solid into strips with a width of 1 mm and comparing the fibers formed in this way with natural wool, the following coefficients of friction are found!

fiber wool produced according to the invention

calm dynamic. calm dynamisoh

μ Vi 0.3832 0.3577 0.2702 0.2466

μ a 1.3979 0.386 * 1.0923 0.6539

In the table above, μ w and / ia divide the coefficients of friction in the opposite longitudinal directions of the fibers, which are determined by means of a conventional tester for the coefficient of friction ". The dynamic coefficient of friction is obtained at a speed of 30 cm / min · «,

The coefficient of friction can be determined using the "Single Fiber Friction Tester" from ¹¹ AoI "Fine Scientific Instrument . ä »raw Laboratory, Kyoto, Japan bwtimmen * eratn,« ie ee; ir dir publication "On th * Dettrminatl6n of Friction Ooeffloleat of Fib" r ^M φοη fekahashi \ mü Kotfalftare in Journal of the Textile Machinery Booietf, 6, 262, 1955 "

is described. 009829/1536 ^

The test results given above show the remarkable ones Underside the difference in the coefficient of friction lengthways aertwo opposite longitudinal directions of the pas he, whereby it is possible to subject the fiber according to the invention to fulling and to supply the fiber in the desired manner felting and producing mixed yarns from fibers and wool according to the invention, which have any desired proportion of wool can have and are better spinnable than this could be achieved with mixed yarns »

Without being tied to any particular method of flexing, it appears that when the felting or flexing is carried out with the combined threads according to the invention or with wool, various considerable deformations such as compression, stretching, bending, shearing, etc. occur repeatedly if the Threads within the arrangement are subjected to frictional forces at their points of contact «, ^ iienii the coefficient of friction differs in opposite directions of the threads, as is the case with natural wool or the fibers according to the invention, results in a somewhat more balanced movement of the threads in that direction , in which the lower coefficient of friction is present «As a result, the threads are entangled with one another, whereby the density of the arrangement or textile material is increased, there is a volume contraction or reduction in the arrangement, and thus in this way the felting or flexing proceeds as desired» The differences ity of the coefficient of friction in the opposite

«- set axial directions of the thread is through the asypirnt

trical, sawtooth-like pattern of the thread surface.

At the same time, the sawtooth-like pattern makes it even
ο if the absolute value of the coefficient of friction increases,

- 15 - ao that there is a better openness ina! U

results and prevents a severing or severing of the thread after spinning and "an improvement in the quality of the spun pas he is achieved _o

So it is possible for ZoBo to mix synthetic fibers such as Z ₀ B ₀ nylon, which has been treated according to the invention, in a relatively large proportion with wool and thereby considerably improve the durability of the yarn obtained. Chemical fibers are also possible to mix synthetic fibers or mixed yarns, which contain a proportion of the fibers according to the invention, into ordinary woolen textiles,

Can be formed into the JasErn or fibrous materials which are either directly Λ sawtooth pattern according to the invention include spoke cellulose, cellulose acetate, nylon, vinylon, Polyes ter-Sythes efas ren, polyacrylic oyntheiefas ren, polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, Polyharn " fabric fibers, polyamino acid fibers, as well as various other products that are suitable for the formation of fibers and can be made deformable »

All products mentioned above can be used that do not shed or spikes also for the off-Dilden of the coating of fibers, such as "silk, cotton, hemp Λ or other animal or plant fibers.

For the formation of the coating on the fibers on which the sawtooth-like pattern is embossed or engraved other products such as polyvinyl alcohol, alginic acid and soluble cellulose derivatives can also be used, in particular if this is followed by the surface pattern at least partially by means of dissolving, heat treatment or chemical treatment after performing the flexing removed β oll.

00989 - 14 -

The washing of the woven or knitted woolen material or the textiles produced according to the invention leads to repeated significant deformations in water or weak alkali solutions and is thus with a. Walking comparable »Thus the fulling continues during the washing of the fibers made from the feltable fibers Textiles carried out so that an enlargement of the The density of the textile material results and thus the washed textile material showed shrinkage. This represents a large Disadvantage of the textiles from WoHe. The sawtooth-like Pattern is finished after felting or fulling is no longer required and is therefore useful - at least partially dissolving the jagged or the sawtooth-like pattern to this pattern.

Such removal of the pattern can be via dissolution or chemical treatment can be carried out, or the pattern can be carried out without complete removal of the coating be removed by means of heat treatment, swelling or chemical treatment.

The sawtooth-like pattern can thus be removed, so that the sharp edges and the difference in the coefficient of friction in opposite axial directions are eliminated, leaving a wave-like pattern of alternating concave and convex surface ellipses. In this way the coefficient of friction is maintained to a considerable extent, but it is now adjusted in both opposite axial directions of the pa-

x * sern amount to the same value «This is achieved cn

⁰ ^ by applying a jellyfish, which creates a -. ·

Reaching the surface pattern * during the abeohließen-

the step of fulling, or by adding a solvent

applied and a heat treatment carried out, In any case, the asymmetry of the sawtooth-like pattern is removed during the final step of milling and replaced by a wavy surface configuration during the subsequent washing of the textile material Thus, shrinkage is reduced or not occurring at all, since, as explained above, shrinkage during washing, felting or flexing on the difference in the coefficient of friction in opposite axial directions

According to the invention, a feltable fiber is thus created which has a fine, asymmetrical surface pattern or scales or serrations which are shaped in such a way that the coefficient of friction in one direction of the fiber axis differs markedly from the coefficient of friction in the opposite direction explained, created such fibers in which the surface pattern completely or partially Z ₀ B ₀ by means of dissolving or other methods of treatment described, such as Z ₀ B ₀ can be removed after performing the felting,

According to the invention, there is also a method of production created feltable fibers, based on Fibers, which as such are not suitable for fulling and felting, by covering the surface of the fibers with a ^ .Product is coated in which the above-described üägeu? Zaönmuster is formed and then the coated

"^ Fibers arranged parallel to each other and during that cn

£ J Ue la er ζ ugs material is in a deformable state, by

ο embossing rollers are passed through, either in

a direction perpendicular or at an acute angle

to the axis of the fibers,

The fibers embossed in this way can then be subjected to stretching, heat treatment or cutting, depending on the intended area of application, _{or the like}

00982971536

Claims (1)

Claims - "1 {- ·· Io synthetic, feltable. Pas he, characterized that it has a substantially sawtooth-like configuration in longitudinal section, with the inclined surfaces significantly different angles for each tooth with the fiber axis so that when pulling outer fiber in a longitudinal direction along a given one The coefficient of friction differs greatly from that of the surface The coefficient of friction of this fiber differs if the same is pulled in the opposite! direction » 2o fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the Fiber from the group consisting of regenerated cellulose as ern, nylon fibers, vinyl on fibers, polyes t er fibers, polyacrylic fibers, Polyolefin fibers, polyurea fibers and iOlyamino acid fibers is selected »· 3o fiber according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fiber has a coating practically completely covering the same, the outer surface of which has the sawtooth-like configuration «, 4o fiber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized. characterized in that the fiber is a composite fiber _o 5ο fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that at the individual components of the composite fiber are different Properties with regard to the shrinkage when exposed from heat or exposure to chemicals, 6o Herat method for scheduling a verfilzbaren fiber, characterized in that a coating is formed on a fiber ,, the defomiert be in a softened state ^ mouanxi the llebarzug softened and einweichten in the -! Β "L Covering a plurality of prongs is formed so as to 'Outer surface of the coating in a longitudinal section 'To convey practically a sawtooth-like configuration, with the inclined surfaces of each tooth practically different Limit the angle with the fiber axis and then the deformed coating is hardened, creating a coated one Fiber is obtained that at. pulling in a longitudinal direction has a coefficient of friction along a given surface which differs greatly from the coefficients of friction fc which is determined when the coated fiber is pulled in the opposite direction » 7o method according to claim 6, characterized in that the deformation of the softened coating is carried out by means of embossing. 8o method according to claims 6 and 7 »characterized thereby. net, that after the fulling and felting of the coated fibers, the coating of the fibers treated in this way is removed again
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the coating is at least partially removed from the fibers subjected to fulling and felting » BÄ © ORIGINAL