DE1640202A1 - High performance discharge device with vacuum gap - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Reiche! Fiankfuit / Main-1

^PaÄrtiaB · ^{13 1640202}

i221

General Electric Company _v 1 River Road, S2 * ißnectady N * Y OSA high power discharge equipment; with vacuum gap

The invention relates to high-current devices with Vakuumspelt manner of a triggerable vacuum switch _s in order to achieve very high current strengths and Services-,

Triggerable devices with vacuum gap, with the help of which the previous problem of instability and non-uniformity Breakdown voltages bypassed are common today applied »you previous vacuum switch and the rest Devices with a releasable vacuum gap are only restricted for handling high capacities. xkt useful, in particular Can't conduct currents in the range of a few 100,000 A, because the usual anodes can destroy them The melting process is caused by the formation of intense anode fumes that affect the puss points of the individual electrical arcs present between the cathode and anode are in gaps with closely spaced electrodes this destructive process also occurs at the cathode, though this is not as serious a problem as the anode waxing ο

In a device with a vacuum gap are according to the invention Two primary electrodes delimiting parallel vacuum gaps are provided, which are inside an evacuated envelope are housed and interlocked like a comb

003822/0748

Electron-ion plasma filled, there an infinite number. produces current-carrying tracks, none of which has such a current density "that they melt the anode or Cathode caused. -. ·.

In a further embodiment of the invention, one primary electrode forms a plurality of outwardly projecting , radial ribs which are fastened in their center to a post, while the other primary electrode has a plurality of inwardly projecting, radial ribs which engage between the outwardly projecting ribs like a cam are in communication with one another at their outer edges, so that an electrically uniform electrode structure is formed.

In one type of embodiment, the electrodes are stationary placed side by side so that several remaining gaps are limited) the current is between the two primary electrodes set in motion by an associated triggering device emitting pulses and in the primary gaps injected a charged electron-ion plasma, ao that a Breakdown occurs "

In another type of embodiment, the electrode assemblies are displaceable to one another, since the middle electrode is either moved longitudinally or rotated relative to the outer one - In all cases a plasma is used to form a conductive path between the primary electrodes produced by the arc drawn when the circuit is broken and the electrode material evaporates and ionized-. When separating the two electrodes will the initial arc drawn, which quickly spreads over the numerous distributed parallel surfaces of the electrode arrangements, so that the evacuated volume containing the electrodes is quickly filled with an Elaktronsn ion plascia that conducts a strong current * until the current reaches O

009822/0748

is »whereby the discharge is immediately deleted,

The invention will now also be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which are based on friction and the elements or features shown in the figures to achieve the object within the meaning of the invention contribute to know and bit the will to patent in the application for have been enjoyed. Ee seigern

Tig. 1 a vertical technology through an external device ■ lt fixed gap geatti the invention,

fig «2 a horizontal wagon length of the lines 2-2 of the figure 1, where dl primary electrodes are next to each other,

Figure J is a perspective view of the central electrode assembly naoh figure 1,

flg. 4 another finished «Aueftthrungsfors dea vacuum maintenance door,

Kg. 5 is a perspective view of the central electrode assembly at »device according to figure 4»

Fig. 6 another form of a Takuuaso holder,

flg. 7 is a Horizontaleohnlttläng · den'linien 6-6 that specifies the location of the electrodes at 8ohlle0en · dee Btroakrslsee _β and

flg. 8-10 other shapes of the electrode arrangements »

According to FIG. 1, a removable device has a vacuum pen an evacuated envelope 1 and zv; ei primary electrode arrangements 2 and 3, one of which is provided in the center and the other on the outside let * The middle electrode arrangement 2 let perspective with all single parents in

009822/0748

BATH

Figure 3 shown and has several outwardly protruding, radial, thin-walled wings, the thickness compared with their length and width, is small, and which are placed approximately perpendicular to a transverse plane and at their lowermost ends with a plate or disk 5, which is held on an electrode support body 6. A horizontal cut by the electrode arrangement 2, which is carried out on the lines 2-2 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows the position of the wings 4, the plate 5 and the support body 6, the cutting plane is in this case a transverse plane on which the wings 4 and are approximately perpendicular * the electrode arrangement 3. also ■ it is shown in full detail in Figure 2, contains a hollow, cylindrical body 7 and several inwardly protruding, radial wings 8 which are physically and electrically connected to one another * The wings 8 and thin; their thickness is also in comparison with their length and Width is small, and they are almost perpendicular to the same transverse plane »The electrode arrangements are close to one another, so that the individual inwardly or outwardly protruding wings 8 or * 4 are several electrically parallel between them so-held Durohschlagsspalten ^ form, which are about the same Own dimensions. The wings 8 run in BUlIe 1 approximately over the entire length of the discharge space, the wings 4 are slightly shorter in order to create a false arching in the space between them and the Abechiußwanden 11 and 12 prevent, since I calibrate the latter on the same electric Potential like the electrode arrangement 3 are located «For practical reasons, the length of the wings 4 corresponds at least half the length of the wings 8. The thickness of the wings 4 and 8 is chosen to be more specific electrical Vflderetand does not grow significantly, but does have a large number of parallel, primary penetration gaps, none of which is overloaded by extremely large road densities, all in one fairly small volumes can be formed.

The shell 1 of the device according to Figure 1 contains a metallic,

009822/0748

almost cylindrical side wall 10 »that of the one with a opening provided, upper closure wall 11 and the like trained, lower Abeohlußwand 12 is closed. The parts 10, 11 and 12 are composed of a single conductive material Metal, preferably made of copper. You side wall can be the cylindrical body 7 of the outer electrode assembly ^ a; on the other hand, the electrode arrangement on the inner surface of the side wall can also be mechanical and be electrically connected <> The opening in the upper lower wall 11 is provided with a trigger electrode arrangement closed, which has a release anode 15, a release cathode 14 and a Auslöeespalt (not shown.) To a pulse from a gaseous ion-electron plasma or to supply vaporized and ionized electrode material, so that when ignited by an electrical signal a breakdown between the primary electrode assemblies 2 and 3 takes place. The electrode assembly 13 is brazed to the closure wall 11 and supported by a conductive cylinder Surrounded 16, which is also brazed to the Abechlußwand 11 and an eMctrieche connection between this and a connector 17 can form. A feed line 18 goes through the cylinder 16 with the aid of an insulation 19 and connects the trigger electrode arrangement 13 with a source of voltage pulses (not shown).

The support body 6 for the central electrode arrangement runs through an opening 20 in the closure wall 12 and through a penetration shield 21 provided with iron fittings through it and is supported by an Abechlufi disk 22, which are hermetically fused to a ceramic Ieolatorhülae 23 is; the latter is in turn made of Giner Fernioo alloy by means of an annular sealing flange 24 on the Abechlußwand 12 angeeohmo & Beä. over a line 25 in the support body 6, the envelope 1 can be evacuated; this line 25 is continued by an outer tube 26,

0 0 9822/0748

-.-..-.- BADORIGINAL

di · passes through the end of the body 6 and at one Point 27 is pinched off the closure of the cover 1,

Figure 4 is a Tertica section through another version * form of the invention with broken ropes, the FIG. 1 is similar to that on the closing disk 22 there is an in Longitudinal flexible bellows 28 welded on, hard-soldered or otherwise fastened and has a cap in fora an annular AbschluSstüokes 29, the round over the support body 6 is hermetically sealed, and the vacuum dense shell to be poured off. A metallic ring 31 rests in electrical and mechanical contact on the inner surface of the lower metallic end wall 12 and is also electrically a cable of the electrode arrangement 3.

The device of Figure 4 can also be through the middle 'Line 25 of the support body 6 are evacuated and forms a vacuum switch or circuit breaker. In operation, the two primary contacts are followed by an 8toß down on an annular »the lower end of the support body 6 surrounding flange 30 sebrewed together, whereby a circuit is closed. Aa Change according to the movement the bottom of the soles was the lower edge of the near outside protruding wing 4 on the contact ring 31 and establish the electrical connection. Even if any number Contact wings can be used, the contact is facilitated at all points between the wings 4 and the ring 31, if only three wings protrude from the center post. The eu switching etromkreis is on this one Device connected} one connection is located at the lower end of the support body 6, as indicated by an arrow is shown; the other can be provided on a ring 33 which is fastened on the outside of the lower lower wall 12 is as indicated by an arrow 34. Between These two terminals can be an alternating voltage source be connected in series or in parallel.

009822/0748

* ^A0

To interrupt the flow of current through the device; the mare body 6 is pushed up in the longitudinal direction as far up "as the SaIg 28 allows" with the lower parts of the wings 4 separating from the upper surface of the contact ring 31 Stromvreg through the StUtE body 6, the electrode arrangement 2, the arc * the contact ring 31, the lower end wall 12 and the flange 30 forms a circle j the magnetic forces cause a flux concentration in the middle of the circle _f which the arc up between the Fitigel pushes the inwardly protruding »outer electrode arrangement and the outwardly protruding ₉ inner electrode arrangement; so that the entire surface of the wing is available as contact surfaces for the electrical arcs

The location of the electrical connections for the power line in the device according to FIG. 4 is extremely significant. Even though it has been recognized that the subdivision of the ho cha tr bends into numerous sections; which can be either in series or parallel _; in these devices it is desirable «such a subdivision has actually never been achieved so far. Bin system in which the initial arc between two electrodes rolls over and is transferred to another Elektrodbnpear is difficult to create _f since the Bogon Offer dan location of the lowest energy sought Here j above the * magnetic from the bow nelbat "rzeuetsn forces η novel Weioe »utilized to urge uas the sheet in the Eaum between the comb-toothed radial wings _y except for a slight shift in l'ängiirichtung to each other remain, in venentlichen stationary" eo Ssass in Estrieb the arc-forming surfaces is about paiallol sinc Yfaxm dip connections on the other hand in the longitudinal direction are attached to the axis of the device according to Figure 1 and the Augn.-tru * iij of the wing is vereuclit _; .would the irc

009822 / 07A8

ORIGINAL

Equilibrium standing magnetic fields, built up by the initial arc drawn like the wings 4 and the ring 31 prevent the original sheet from falling into the crevices under the influence of a magnetic or other force the wings 4 and 8 is brought «as soon as the discharge is distributed between the electrode assemblies 2 and 3, no electrode focal points with high current density, in particular no destructive anode spots formed, and the entire inner surface of the envelope within the arch area is filled with a gaseous plasma that carries electricity between the outer and inner electrode assemblies The Stroefluß continues until the first time the Current strength 0 is reached, whereupon the arc extinguishes and the vaporized metals, which form the line carriers of the current, condense on the cold walls, so that the strong dielectric of the vacuum returns and the high "but too" interrupts casual tension "

In FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the central electrode arrangement with the radial blades 4 for the device, which project outwardly The piping arrangement shown in FIG. 4 corresponds almost to that of FIG. 3, if one disregards the lower pane 5, and takes on practically the same functions *

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the invention. This vacuum switch can be moved from a position in which there is an electrical connection to a position in which the electrical circuit is interrupted as a function of a rotary movement of the central electrode arrangement is closed and the bottom formed by a disc-shaped, provided with an upper flange and an orifice plate 36, the parts 1 and 11 are made of a äußeret highly conductive material _r Z ₀ Br copper and the plate 36 of a gaaundur inlet strength _f insulating dielectric , Z ₃ Bc of an ion earth ceramic. It is attached to the cylindrical side wall 1 with the aid of a sealing ring flange 37

009822/0748

Bad orig / m _Al

fixed, which is preferably made of a Pernico alloy »Bine vacuum-tight bearing sleeve 38, which allows a limited rotation of the central electrode arrangement _f is connected to the support body 6 and sealed to this on the ceramic cover plate 36 with the help of a ring-shaped ceramic metal - Fusion 39 airtight sealed off, an electrical connection between the primary electrodes is created by establishing contact on the support body 6, as indicated by an arrow 40, and on a shoulder 41 of the cylindrical side wall 1, as is indicated by a arrow, "Wine Weehaelstromquelle 43 and an impedance (not shown) can be connected in series or in parallel between these points

As soon as the device is evacuated to a pressure of less than 10 "* mm Hg, it is brought into position by a slight rotation of the central electrode arrangement from position ₉ in which the electrodes are almost open (FIG. 7) and the circuit closes »In which the circuit is interrupted o ßamäS figur 1 bsst the contact between the angeachlDsöaxien d mine contact wings, all of which are on the b & L * üh:? the inner and äußoran Plügel chamfered at their ends in order to abut the adjacent Plügel smooth to ₃ along this sloping m? läühsn vrsrden when separating the electrode zahlrsicha parallel BBgen pulled "When the arc current increases, spreads" I dia discharge substantially over the total® 0 \ ανίΤά: Λ \ 3 dar wings, which form the individual parts © of the electrode arrangement «If the device interrupts the circuit in the other position maybe _s corresponds to the cross section of the electrodes about the person who g in Figure 2 ^^ is aigt ο Ώα the sheet during the acceptance of the STI onstärlce to zero? 3rlis3it _T waa when supplied with a alternating current of 60 Hz in waniger than every 8 msec happens,

009822/0748

If there is not enough time to separate the wings far enough so that the suction of the rear surface of a movable wing and the rear surface of the adjacent ortefeatable wing are spread out other columns v / ground no arches because of the fact caused "that the column are not brought to the required gap length künnan _r on the sheets in less offers than β msec overturn" She leadership Off * form ds :: inner and outer electrode arrangement of Figure 3, It is a larger area of contact in the position adjacent to the electric circuit. When the central electrode arrangement is rotated, as shown in FIG Electrode surface state © comes »Geaäfl Figure 8 haban die nach inwardly protruding, outer electric furnace blades have the shape of thin, truncated prisms, which converge in the direction of the longitudinal direction The posts are fastened so that the two types of electrodes are flush against one another when the circuit is closed by the device. When the circuit breaker according to FIG. 6 is also put into operation by a radial bias, the electrode arrangement; the cross-section of which can be seen in FIG. 8, can be used in a similar orphan for the execution aform according to FIGS. 1 and 4 *

Although a great advantage of the invention is im ßleichgewiafri; to achieve interrelated magnetic fields * as soon as the bog ^ k over the wing surfaces of the peripheral electrodes is distributed. and this effect for one Center and one concentric circumferential electrode array

009822/0748

is advantageous, can also nit other arrangements certain advantages will be obtained »

The sahlreichen parallel arches beat _s at the same time "wipe various portions of the Priraärelektrodenpaare, can be obtained when the Priaärelektroden the unit bit can be provided an arrangement katmnartig intermeshing wings ,, wherein the wing portions are alternately tin of the opposed primary electrodes"

In the arrangement according to FIG. 9, which produces a vacuum switch, a primary arc electrode 50 is provided with a cylindrical metal part 51 in which flat, thin wings 52 provided with an opening are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis and approximately perpendicularly Transversely standing "Another primary electrode 53 has a central post 54 and several equally spaced thin, transverse wings 55 cuf, which are also almost perpendicular to the same transverse plane." The cover is insulated through an opening cap 56 " 57 and closed by a flexible bellows 5B, which are part of a hermetically sealed envelope o In the usual way, this adviser achieves a cylindrical symmetry, although it can also be rectangular, Ia last case it would be better if the thin wings from one side to reach into the wings on the other side «Those wings that finally fit together would wear h can then warden removed unkostspielige catfish, to extend the Lebengdauer de "device, a Vertikalechnitt by this embodiment is shown in Figure 10

With all execution forms do: -: This is the electrode The forming material is extremely conductive and has a angeoeaeeaen high vapor pressure dewit the bow as soon as it is

009822/0748

is drawn, is made up of metal ions that are leached out of the electrode material. Under these operating conditions, the device can be quickly deionized and made available again in the event of a power failure; When the current strength O occurs, the arc is torn off, and the metal ions migrate directly to the closest cold surface, condense and are removed from the envelope _{ so that the strong dielectric of the vacuum is created again. Such a material is copper or silver. “The ceramic used for the sleeves is impermeable to gas and has a high dielectric strength, e.g. the V-200 ceramic from Coor, the American Lava! -164 or a porsterite ceramic. The material for the metal electrodes should be so free be of all gases and gas-forming Steffen »that with repeated arc formation a pressure of 10" * mm Hg or less can easily be maintained »This means that the concentration of all gases and gas-forming constituents

-7

must be reduced to less than 10 *

With the devices according to the invention, the electrode assemblies have large _surfaces% over which the sheet can easily spread of a pulse in the form of an ionized plasma, or by a movement to open circuit after its Zündungjdurch an injection without having to be geoilaet particular at the anode local focal spots »The local spots of high current density cause the destructive melting and thus limit the possibilities of current conduction and power handling and the frequency with which the devices can be operated.

In order to interrupt strong alternating currents at a high voltage, the single wings are made of copper Aueftthrungsform according to Figure 1 a length of 13.3 cm, a Width of 5 cm and a thickness of 0.65 cm; They will with «A household electricity supply of 170,000 A at a voltage of loaded approximately 35,000 V during half a cycle,

009822/0748

BATH ORIGINAL

without a rough aisle appearing on the two electrodes » One factor that contributes to this is the shape of the electrode, which has all of the magnetic forces acting on the StroufluB through the gap are brought into equilibrium so that there is no tendency to discharge the discharge to drive in the radial or axial direction, as is often the case with the known breakers of the Pail whom you want to quickly erase the arc <> This makes the concentration of the current in a specific area avoided and the build-up of destructive electrode focal points especially prevented at the anode.

009822/0748

Claims (1)

The patent is not required 1c) Discharge device with a vacuum gap and a hermetic one closed envelope, characterized that within the sheath a prairie arc electrode assembly from several thin, close au even, projecting plug-in is held, which on a transverse plane through which the shell stand approximately vertically, and that another, Also held in the sheath for the first-time sheet electrode assembly also several young, roughly flat, protruding ones Wing has, which are essentially perpendicular to the transverse plane through the shell. 2o) device according to claim 1, characterized see that the wings of the two priest arch electrode assemblies alternately canm-like interlocking and thereby form several electrically parallel columns, in which the electrical breakdown takes place at numerous points at the same time, so that the formation of anode burn spots Bit of high current density is omitted. 3 ») Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that from a gate direction an abundant electron-ion plan for a given time can be generated within the electrically parallel column, so that numerous electrically parallel current arcs can be produced inside the sheath, whereby the device is loaded by a high current, without the Electrodes can be destroyed by melting. 4 ") device _f that one Priaärbogenelektrodenanordnung the other is movable according to claim 2, characterized geke nn" is characterized besüglich and aehrere variable, electrically parallel gaps, in that the Vorriohtung! Introduction has sur of the plasma in the column is a device of which the movable electrode assembly 009822/0748 BAO ORIGINAL aue a position closing the circuit "in which the wings of the movable electrode arrangement lie smoothly against the wings of the stationary electrode arrangement at least in part of their surfaces, in a position that interrupts the circuit _f: in which numerous parallel arcs" wipe the appropriate flight path Electrode assemblies are sucked _t and that the plasma contains vaporized ionized metal particles from the relevant electrode assemblies. 5 x) Device according to claims 1 and 2 "characterized in" that a Frimärbogan * electrode arrangement an outer cylinder and a plurality of thin "inwardly projecting _F radial fins and the other arrangement xaehrere thin _t at the center connected" outwardly regende radial has wings "the abweohselnd comb-like engage between ä $ n naEM inmn projecting wings, thereby forming a plurality of electrically parallel column" 6c) Device according to Anepsiiofess 1 W'n 2 _S characterized in eal i ^ * EIMS f ^ ^ iaus ogenelektrodenanordnung an approximately rectangular feuer® "container in Fons of a parallelepiped with a plurality of düanen, nearly parallel" rectangular wings includes that of one wall protrudes inward, while the other electrode arrangement has several interconnected; has thin "parallel" almost right-angled wings which alternately grip in a comb-like manner between the wings of the first arrangement, and that the two electrode arrangements are electrically separated from one another by an additional dielectric. 7 ·} Device according to claims 1-5 and 5 »characterized _; that the primary arc electrode arrangements are stationary and form several stationary "electrically parallel gaps" and that the device for introducing the plasma into the triggering gap has a trigger 009822/0748 Mechanieau with an Auelöeespalt and a facility has, which when a voltage is applied »impulsθβ to the Trigger gap generates an ion-electron plasma and into the electrically parallel column injected. 8a) device according to claim 5, characterized in that _f that an electrode assembly is fixed, in a transverse plane to the one end of the other electrode assembly comprises a contact ring and bit forms of these several ZUndspalte that the other electrode assembly movable in Längeriohtung the sheath axis and EUR ignition several parallel electrical bends with the contact ring in contact or "can be separated from this" that the connections for the line voltage to the prairie arc electrodes are formed at the same end of the device, so that the current flow during arcing by separating one electrode arrangement from the contact ring creates a magnetic bubble effect through the device, which drives the parallel arcs into the electrically parallel gaps B as above the adjacent interlocking wings of the primary electrode arrangements. 9 «) Device according to claim 5, characterized in that one arc electrode arrangement is stationary and the other is rotatable around the device lengthwise and makes contact between the matching wings, for example. interrupts, and that the bands of the wings are beveled so that the wings lie smoothly against one another and a wide contact area between the primary electrode arrangements is created " 10 ·) Device according to claim 5 »characterized that the one arc electrode arrangement is stationary and the other is rotatable about the longitudinal axis and makes contact with the first electrode arrangement or moves away from this Icfat, and that the wings of both electrodes 009322/0748 SAD ORIGINAL The arrangements in cross section have the shape of truncated cones with a pitch such that the contact laying the entire, overlapping surfaces the matching wings are tight and smooth against each other. 11.) Device according to claim 4, characterized , as the first primary arc electrode a central body with several transverse ones, contains disc-shaped wings that hang on its slopes in same distances near the outside protrude, and that the wide electrode arrangement one outer cylinder and several near the inside contains protruding, transverse, ring-like wings, the kaa »- gracefully wipe the wings of the first Intervene electrode arrangement » 009822/0748