DE1634096A1 - Device for the local limitation of oil fields spreading on the water surface - Google Patents

Description

Device for localizing spreading on the surface of the water oil feathers'

The Brfinduag concerns a device for local limitation !! yon Look at the fesseroberflache ausbrei "Tenden oilfields _e

The Bröblea ^. ämn dangers of loss rode large liquid Iiadungsm © ng @ a _s as b®ispi © law © i® @ oil from the ship @ n ₉

at sea:

or due to run®n ₉ to

is through the. Use of! Tankers with an ever-increasing "capacity", the dense traffic and the higher speed of travel, increased ". "Leaks germinate" next to de © loss of ship ttnd charge in pollution of the surrounding waters, and adjacent Küstenzontn with all the resulting adverse consequences result This is particularly true dia large tankers because of the large amount of charge !! - on the high seas ₉ because the oil can expand over very large areas and be driven to the coast * The same problem exists, however, for leaks in tanks of all sizes and for anyone who ships sfcyp in-inland navigation; " and "-in the port area":..

fiifiasi 'S J -na R @ BADORlGiNAL- »2-

Preventive measures are best suited to avoid the spread of oil on the surface of bodies of water, especially on the high seas. For this purpose, a sensible subdivision of the ship and corresponding navigational facilities can be of essential importance. Nevertheless, accidents with a leakage of the liquid cargo can never be completely avoided. It is already known to keep the amounts of oil escaping in the event of leaks as low as possible by pumping out or sealing the leak or to destroy or render harmless the escaping charge. Pumping out, especially with highly viscous cargoes and at low temperatures, does not lead to the desired success. "Sealing the leaks on the high seas is usually not possible because of the cousin conditions." With the use of all these known means and devices, however, considerable problems can occur leak amounts of liquid cargo, "an effective antidote for this emergency is not known" the only way to destroy from tankers escaping oil, also the absorbance is the binding of the oil with chemicals to innocuous compounds, "of oil by means of corresponding ₉ absorbent Substances is known. Also siphon off the spread on the water surface oil and separating is next to the shut-off areas at risk one of the most possibilities _s the oil to remove or keep. All these measures

BATH ORIGINAL

However, the measures can only be used successfully * if it is-uta- small amounts of oil · when large Amounts of leaked liquid is the application the known measures with a very high effort connected, they can then only help to a limited extent, however a spread of the liquid on the water surface cannot be prevented * until it is removed of the oil directs this mainly great biological damage at.

It is therefore the aim of the invention to provide a device for the local limitation of oneself on the water surface,

area spreading to create oil fields that throw- ™

is economically and easily applicable and at a j - collecting the exiting liquid least amount of material. In addition, the device should also be able to be used on the high seas and also in rough seas / and also when it is about oil chi. acts that are relatively high. To solve this problem, a device is proposed which is characterized according to the invention by a collapsible floating wall, which consists of at least one, approximately rectangular .Zuschnitt, made of flexible materials, on the upper longitudinal edge of which buoyancy bodies are connected and which carries sinking weights on its lower longitudinal edge . The i

Buoyancy bodies can be detachably connected to the swimming wall. The lowering weights are preferably Steel cables or chains for use.

The floating body of the floating wall, which is made more flexible Plastic film can be made, consist of rigid foam plastics, which by means of flexible webs are connected to each other. However, the float can also be made on the upper longitudinal edge of the wall-like Blank formed, inflatable with air pockets or chambers exist. ".

£ 109 843/0659 "'*,"

BATH

In the drawing is the subject of the invention shown for example, namely 'shows:

Fig. 1 a floating wall floating in the water and delimiting an oil layer in a vertical cut,

Pig. 2 a front view of the floating wall,

Fig. 3 is a side view of the front section the floating wall,

Fig. 4- the floating wall according to Fig. 3, a view from above,

Fig. 5

and 6 a further embodiment of the

Swimming wall with asymmetrically detachable buoyancy bodies in one Front and a side view,

Fig. 7 _e i _n diagram illustrating the level difference. between the oil surface and the surrounding water depending on the oil layer thickness with the spec. Does not reflect the weight of the liquid as a parameter,

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the level difference depending on the spec. Weight of the oil with the layer thickness al3 Reproduces parameters,

Fig. 9 shows the arrangement of a swimming wall in a anchored ship with a leak,

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Pig. 10 the arrangement of a floating wall

in the case of a ship stuck on a shoal with a leak,

Fig. 11 is a plan view of a Leaky ship laid around and tensioned by means of anchored buoys Swimming wall under the influence of iron Swell and wind and

KLg * 12 a top looks at a leaky

anchored or on (! run round ' ScMff with an anchored Schwiamwand wrapped around it.

The swimming wall designed according to the invention is as follows:

in the water due to their special shape and weight distribution due to the applied buoyancy automatically in the desired vertical position (Fig. 1). ■ 15 and 200 - H / d = 1000, as well as their high ratio of length to height @twa 50 - L / H - 1500 This is fulfilled the purpose of {{Drennwand "whose thickness only, strength Ford @ ruagen to

not · ■ ^^

must have meet, but otherwise Ati e is the width of the known carrier floats on ssim drove in wear and j meets the ine only in the area d @ r wa®serti®f® © Treanfunktion virtually köiamte in Frag ©

This low. The wall thickness of the floating wall is included free swimming Difficulties in maintaining the upright swimming position required for their function. In the case of the Schwinmiwand, this is indicated by the upper al ©

BATH ORIGINAL

Reached displacement part trained hand, the one. has a low specific gravity, while the lower edge, lying in the water, is in proportion to the upper hand is of the least repression, but has as high a specific face as possible. The connecting web between the two edge sections on the other hand, has a low displacement, so it has a strength that the materials used and is adapted to the strength stresses. Rationale is, according to this, that which saves in terms of displacement with sufficient function for the purpose can reduce the total weight of the wall required. By coordinating the The buoyancy and weight distribution of the floating wall is provided for very little displacement Functional purpose enabled ·. That way it is possible to reduce the cost of materials to a minimum. By using plastic film and Lightweight building materials also reduce the required weight.

The resulting low weight per running meter Wall makes it possible to transport relatively large wall lengths in one piece. An effortless transport is on the other hand the prerequisite for the rapid deployment of the floating wall in an emergency.

According to the embodiment of a floating wall shown in Fig. 1 to 4, this consists of an approximately rectangular blank 10 made of flexible materials, such as plastic film or other suitable materials, the buoyancy bodies 11 and a Senkgewichti2, which 'in the form of individual weight bodies at a distance on the lower Longitudinal edge on the blank 10

- 7 0.09843 / 065 9

BAD ORIGJNAL

"can be attached, or as a steel hawser, chain Od. Like. Is formed. The wall-like blank 10 is flexible in every viewing due to the materials used, it forms the actual retaining wall for collecting the liquid. The cut ICK will by the weight in the lower edge of the bridge and by the additional buoyancy that occurs when swimming the wall, with the aid of the buoyancy body 11 occurs on the upper edge web, held taut. the Strength of this approximately vertical under the water surface tensioned wall 10 is dimensioned so that this is the attacking flow and wave

withstands forces. Thanks to the flexibility of the Wall 10 ™

however, no bending moments can occur. For the · Slope of the swimming wall can be in the wall-like Blank 10 spaced apart reinforcement strips made of metallic materials or plastics. .

Since the lower edge of the floating wall consists of a commercially available steel cable or a chain, the edge of the floating wall is also very flexible. Both steel cables with a round and. can also be used with a flat rectangular cross-section. The latter enables space-saving winding. . i It is essential that the lower edge of the floating wall can be easily rolled up. As a sinking weight for. Flooded chambers can also be used on the lower edge of the floating wall. The lower wall section then has a number of cells, which can be formed from the wall material and "which are in communication" with inlet and outlet valves.

The at the upper edge of the wall-like blank 10 provided buoyancy body 11 exist preferential *

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wisely from individual bodies, from hard foam plastics. However, buoyancy bodies made of other materials can make use finden.- Vm and the upper band of the floating wall flexible, the individual lifting bodies 11 are means. Web 1J connected from flexible materials (Pig. 3 and 6). The buoyancy bodies 11 can be attached to the wall-like blank 10 in the middle, ie symmetrically (Pig. 2) or asymmetrically (Pig. 5). In the embodiment of a Schwiiäiawand shown in Figure 5, the buoyancy bodies 11 are detachably connected to the wall section 10. The buoyancy bodies are fastened by means of connecting elements which can be designed as quick-release fasteners in the form of hook fasteners or the like and which are shown at 14 in Pig. 5 are indicated.

The buoyancy bodies 11 can, however, also consist of air-fillable or inflatable chambers which formed in the upper edge section of the blank 10 could be. ·,

You can attach several floating walls to each other by means of hooks, brackets or Ilemmschienen I5j 16, which are in the outer. Buoyancy bodies 11a and in the hawser eye 17 elagrelfen. In addition, the hawser 12 has lugs 18 arranged at a distance 5). ·

According to a further feature of the invention, the wall-like cut 10. of the swimming wall also from individual ones Lightweight panels, such as sandwich panels, are made of hinge-like or webs

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1.

9 - ■ - ■■ - ■

Flexible materials, such as plastics, are bonded to one another to prevent the wall from collapsing to enable in the smallest of spaces.

The flexible embodiment of the floating wall is in addition to the advantages of a small face with good Pestigkeitseigenschaf "fairies prefer a transport in Hollen. Each role consists of a bestiiiaten partial length of the wall, depending on the 3ford © Rungan ₉ di © one of sizes and total face hoil © with regard to their stowage capacity _s handling and movement must be placed with on-board hoists _{and the} like.This way, large long ones can be _{stowed in a heap r} Z ₉ B «. A 2 m high wall of 50 m long in a roll of around $ m in diameter and a total weight of about S ₉ 5 Hp at 30 cm wide swimming edge _β substantially ©-small:.? ® hoil endurchmesser Größ at even @ ren partial lengths passage is recoverable @ n _s when di @ buoyancy bodies are inflatable or v / © to solid Floating area? Atter amount b @ i ^: m. Exposure to the upper hand of the floating wall by means of the gate direction © ingöklinked. » For this purpose, eia® automatically © Zufühmmg d @ r swimming or "lift ©! © merit © requ @ rlich ₉ to © in © chn @ ll @ s .Auslegen possible rush of Bchwimmwand to ¥ ® words n is then obtained., Ζ» B * for a 2 m high wall of 50 cm length. © in @ n roll diameter of about 2 ₈ 50 meters,

A iusaetaei der Holle from ί »§ dear Hiif®fahrseugsa: is - with a ge © iga @ t © n targeting through i ^ bspil @ a müh © lo © dorchführbar" Di © Ttillängon every HoIIq can when releasing - as required b © lieg © n Läng © ag © Jsopp @ lt willuo To jM®r Roll® belongs © in © VeranMreruatg ^ di © from Ankörn 26 consists of ₉ dio when the, "

fall or aach ■ £ & £ ächwimmea - automatically.

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1634098 "

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go aground. Because of the risk that by If the anchor drifts too far from the floating wall, the anchor may be thrown ahead of the time Suspending device can be provided. With the anchor device the maintenance of the desired position of the swimming wall on the water is guaranteed, strong curvatures or bulges of the floating wall are permissible in the set state between the anchors as they do not affect the collection function (Figs. 11 and 12). The anchors 22, 23 are attached to a retaining buoy 25 by means of anchor chains 24 (FIG. 11). In the arrangement shown in FIG. 12, the floating wall is anchored by means of lightweight anchors 26. In both FIGS. 11 and 12, the 'idielle arrangement of the floating wall is shown at 27, which due to Swell and wind are hardly attainable as an aid for calculating the required wall length can serve. The Vassertlefe at the scene of the accident also has an influence. For depth differences that are too great, then an automatic constant pull of the anchor cable is provided.

The liquid stored in a floating wall hang, "for example oil, which is designated in Fig. 1 with 20, while the water surface is indicated at 21, can depending on the circumscribed area and "leaked" amount reach a considerable layer thickness of the order of 1 m ·. Because of the pressure equalization between the stored liquid and the surrounding water is dependent on the specific weight of liquid and water their level only slightly deviate from the water level outside the swimming wall. Fig. 8 shows this level difference as a function of the layer thickness and the specific gravity of the liquid for a specific gravity of the water

1§g? O '^ ORIGINAL

"'00 984 3 / OS S9

The immersion depth of the swimming wall is dimensioned so that no oil even in rough seas from different directions can run under the swimming wall. For special height waves j. those in the longitudinal direction of the floating wall run, the swimming wall can because of the corresponding, larger associated wavelengths at each point follow the wave ordinate because it is flexible When the lake is clear, the swimming wall cannot be overrun by high waves, as it is because of them Natural frequency is always in phase with the exciting wave movement. This allows the height of the diving f the part of the SchwiDMWiüid, the freeboard, in comparison to the immersion depth can be kept low, which has the advantages of a small area exposed to wind and low weight united. Nevertheless, the freeboard is dimensioned in such a way that there is no storage fluid even in rough seas and wind overflow, can. The swimming wall is so at as possible low weight per unit of length so dimensioned * that they can withstand the attacks of currents, swell and wind can withstand up to high values and thereby fulfill its purpose. . -

With the floating wall, not only partitions and collecting walls, but also completely closed lines { to encircle the leaky ship can be laid. The entire emerging charge then remains on the surface of the water ■ within this hinging. It can be about when suitable ships to the place and the weather is calm _t pumped out later at a any time, from the enclosed sea area * In Fig .. 9 and 10, an arrangement of the floating wall is shown, specifically for cases in which a The ship is lying at anchor due to a collision leaking and unable to maneuver or in which it has run aground.

009843/0659

Pig. 12 shows a ring that is attached to the floating sand around a leaky ship is pulled. The floating wall is against Drifting secured by the anchor 26. The anchors are arranged at certain intervals on the floating wall. The attachment of the swimming wall can also be used alone or in addition by coupling with an appropriate Place to be anchored Haltebojeri 25 (Fig. 11). The leaky ship or other vehicles can also be used as stopping points. A move the exposed swimming wall as well as an additional fixing on site is possible if required, too even with a heavy cousin, where other rescue work on the leaky ship may no longer be possible. Should If the depth of the wall is undersized for the application, then there is sufficient space Number of Vandrollers just to draw the circle further. By dividing the swimming wall into several roles and coupling options the use can always be adapted to the circumstances. - Because of a - possible wind direction exchange ice cream and the different possible Water depths at the scene of the accident. And the respectively required Anchor chain length has to be a certain length anyway. Minimum distance between the wall and the ship to be enclosed be respected.

The anchors are provided with additional anchor buoys that automatically float up on launch and lifting or moving the anchor, for example to correct the position of the floating wall enable. i) he point of application of the anchor cable on the wall is colored, also visible over water, marked. Under water at the lower edge of the swimming wall there are holding openings at shorter intervals of about 10m provided that a latch on the already

009843/0659 bathroom original

floating wall of boats enable «Me ■ "Places are also colored on the upper hand of the Wall noted that they are under "water" and not ' are easy to see. :

The use of the ν ■ '; ""'. ", The floating wall is shown in the following example

The maximum required wall length can be about the following are assumed to have an input scope of about 25OO m would be 50 rolls of 50 m length each swimming pool;

wall required. The circumscribed circle then has "

about a diameter of 800 m in which a large tanker of 100,000 dwt with a length of about 300 m and ' there is also space for larger units. When leaving, "

of about 100,000 t of oil with a specific weight of 0.9 "3§r 3 would then result in a layer thickness of the oil collected in the ring of about *

hg, 100 000 t Λ00 ² 0.9 t / _m to adjust.

20 cm

In the case of even larger amounts of charge, there is no larger circle required because the wall is even thicker can save »There are aleo for all possible accidents a maximum of 50 rolls of 50m each or another Interpretation of roll lengths ^ to have ready · This can be used for certain endangered marine zones happen in a conveniently located port. If necessary, the roles of Auxiliary ships or helicopters or airplanes are brought to the parts of the accident »The

0000 ^ 3/06

• Deployment device - can be attached to any ship will. The prerequisite, however, is that the ship is sufficiently maneuverable for this task. from The advantage is that you only have one collecting wall in I »ee in order to gradually close the hing if there are not enough rolls available immediately. Of the Ring can also be used with small amounts of oil, especially shortly after the accident. be placed. The total weight the swimming wall for 2.5 km in length can, due to the inventive design of the swimming wall in of the order of "125 Mp. The ELn-" Direction of special vehicles for launching, coupling and retrieving the floating wall is possible. When manufacturing The roles in large series and correspondingly low price can also be carried on tankers themselves possible. Shorter wall lengths can also be used depending on the requirements. Will only be one Related to a role of 50 m length, the circumscribed Circle a diameter of approximately 15% at two Rolls of 30 m etc. The ideal circle diameter is

^D ideologically ^"C * ^L * C Ship - 1.5

To encircle a ship of length 3Jq ₀ ^ f _f , N rolls of length are required

T- ^L Schlff

N - C. 7 *

¹ IIoIIe

In addition, C represents a constant which ensures a sufficiently large circle for the swearing of the ring around the ship and for the amount of liquid to be collected. For Lg _cn j_ff "300 m and Ι ^ ₀ ^ _β - 50 m we get: N« 28 rolls. Their total weight is then about 28 χ 2.5 Mp - 70 Mp ₁ their total length 1.3 km.

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The layer thickness h ™ is then used for the above example

(100 000 t, ο _βτ "^ i9_J.) Increase to approximately 60 cm. Σ Jf JL · ■ *

Generally applies to the thickness of the saved Liquid about: ·. . -;

h _p

ρ ρ ² Kr

* ' ^R ideal * ■ "

where Gr-g. the weight of the items to be stored in the ring. Liquid ice is

The invention is not limited to that in the Figures shown and the sketched Possible applications. So ^ can e.g. bigger and smaller cross-sectional dimensions for different areas of application or collection quantities, other partial lengths, Contamination, exposure options, etc. are provided. The load-bearing floats can be fixed or inflatable, fixed to the wall or removable. Of the weight edge pulling downwards can be replaced by individual weights, be formed by cables, chains or flooded cells. The spill wall itself can. be flexible or consist of individual rigid sections. The wall floating in the water forms approximately a vertical dividing line. The particularly light design of the floating wall enables it good handling and quick transport of relatively large wall lengths. A quick mission at sea " at distant places is possible with it. It can according to this, large areas of water on the open sea are demarcated even under the influence of adverse weather conditions and water currents. The application is however

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Also possible near the coast for building protective dams, in ports and inland waters. Here it is Deploying and fastening the floating wall is much easier, since the quay walls and the like offer fastening options. The versatility in the Use of the floating wall and its effect by avoiding major damage and losses relatively low manufacturing costs compared. This creates an important safety problem with the floating wall solved.

Claim

009843/066 9 i ^{ÖAD 0Rmmi}

Claims (10)

Pa te η. ta η sρ r ü eh e: 1. Device for the local limitation of siehauf Oil feathers spreading over the water surface »marked through a collapsible floating wall that ' at least one, approximately rectangular blank (10) consists of flexible Verkstoffen, an deaeen upper longitudinal edge buoyancy or * floating body (11) are connected and that at its lower longitudinal edge Bears sinkweights. ' 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the float (11) of the floating wall with the wall blank (10) are releasably connected and that as countersunk weights on the lower longitudinal edge of the .Wall cut a steel cable, chain or the like. (12) is attached. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the float (11) of the floating wall consists of individual floating bodies made of rigid foam plastics exist that by means of flexible bars (13) are interconnected. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 3 »characterized in that the individual floating bodies (11) formed on the upper longitudinal edge of the turn-like blank a (10), inflated with air V pockets or chambers exist. 5- device according to claim 1 to 4-, characterized in that that as sink weights in the lower portion of the wall-like blank (10) floodable chambers are trained. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 5ι characterized in that that to stiffen the floating wall on the wall-like blank (10) attached at a distance from each other vertical reinforcing strips are. ■ 7. Device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the wall-like blank (10) consists of individual sandwich panels that are hinge-like are connected to each other. 8. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that that arranged at a distance from one another on the steel cables (12) of the floating wall Klüsen (18) are provided. 9. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that that on the floating wall lightweight anchors "are attached by means of anchor cables. 10. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the anchor cables with the floating wall a constant tension device for setting, the Chain or hawser length independent of the water depth and depending on the buoyancy of the Swimming wall are provided. - 19 - 00 9 8 4 3/0659, ^BÄD '- ^y 183 4096 11 * Device according to claim 1 "to 10, characterized characterized in that the individual swimming wall sections "at their free ends for coupling together several swimming wall sections and · to close of the floating wall ring have quick-release locking devices, "the". hooks as engagement, KL emms chi enen, Zipper or the like (15, 16) are formed. Ί2. Device according to Claims 1 to 11, characterized. characterized in that the wall-like blank (10) 'g the SQhwiinmwand made of flexible plastic film stands. "--ν.- ,," BATH 00984370659 to Blank page