DE1620955C - Process for the production of polyesters - Google Patents

Description

R ₂

j v_, - v_ - - VJ

CH ₂ -O

in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} alkyl compounds having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or aryl groups, in the presence of 0.05 to 5 percent by weight, based on the monomers, of a catalyst which is an element of III. Contains main group of the periodic table, the polymerization being carried out in an organic solvent which is inert towards the catalyst at a temperature of 0 to 120.degree.

The process is characterized in that tributyl boron is used as the catalyst. It will be in Amounts from 0.005 to 5 percent by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1 percent by weight, based on the Monomers.

Examples of suitable α, α-disubstituted ^ -lactones are ", α-dimethyl-β-propiolactone, α, α-diethyl-β-propiolactone,", "- dipropyl-β-propiolactone,", "- dibutyl- / S -propioIacton, κ- methyl - «- ethyl-ß-propiblactone, Λ-methyl-Ä-propyl - ^ - propiolactone, x-methyl -« - butyl - /? - propiolactone, a-ethyl-a-propyl - ^ - propiolactone and. ■ Vx-diphenyl - /? - propiolactone or mixtures thereof.

The polymerization of the α, Λ-disubstituted /? - propiolactones is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent which is inert towards the catalyst. Solvents which dissolve or dissolve the high molecular weight polyesters obtained are suitable to swell. However, a solvent is preferred as a diluent for the monomer and uses the catalyst even if the polymer produced is not dissolved in this solvent or is made to swell.

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene are preferably used, and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane and petroleum ether. Other solvents that can be used are ethers such as dialkyl ethers, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.

When the solvent is used, the reaction mixture can be used until the end of the polymerization be stirred, whereby the heat of reaction generated during the reaction particularly easy to large Part can be derived. Advantageously, a solution of the α, α-disubstituted /? - lactone with a concentration of 20 to 100 percent by volume is used.

In order to obtain high molecular weight polyester, it is necessary to remove impurities to remove from the reaction system. Water in particular should be carefully excluded. Others too Compounds with active hydrogen such as alcohols, mercaptans, aldehydes and carboxylic acids interfere the formation of high molecular weight polyesters.

The polyesters produced by the process of the invention have a structure with repeating Units of the general formula

_Π ΓΗ CC -

in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or aryl groups and η is an integer greater than 200. In general, polyesters whose substituents R ₁ and R _{2 are the} same are highly crystalline, have a relatively high melting point and are thermoplastic. Such polyesters are therefore particularly suitable for the production of fibers, films and other shaped products. In contrast, polyesters whose substituents R ₁ and R _{2 are} different are partially or completely amorphous, and the films made from these polyesters are transparent or translucent and tough.

The following example serves to illustrate the invention. All parts and percentages are in parts by weight specified.

example

To 100 parts ", oc-dimethyl-beta-propiolactone, 2 parts of a 25 ° / ₀ solution of tributylboron in hexane (it may also benzene are used) added, the reaction is carried out under nitrogen and the mixture is stirred at 50 ° C left standing. The reaction mixture has completely solidified after 1 hour. The mixture is allowed to stand for a further 20 hours at 50 ⁰ C and the reaction product obtained in block form under reduced pressure at 90 ° C heated to remove the volatile substances to. The reduced viscosity measured at 3O ⁰ C in an L ° / _o solution in a mixture of 6 parts of phenol and 4 parts of o-chlorophenol is 2.0. The polymer is extremely resistant to heating and no change in color can be observed when heated at 270 ° C for 30 minutes. Injection molding is possible at 260 ° C.

Comparative example

1 part of a 3.5% strength solution of hexamethylenetetramine in chloroform is added to 12.5 parts of α-dimethyl-β-propiolactone, and the mixture is left to stand at 50 ° C. for 48 hours. The product obtained in block form is kept ^{at 90 ° C. in vacuo to remove the volatile substances.} The reduced viscosity of the polyester thus obtained, measured at 30 ⁰ C in a l ° / _o solution in a mixture of 6 parts of phenol and 4 parts of o-chlorophenol is 1.6. The polyester melts at 240 ° C, but begins to discolor above 200 ° C, and the discoloration increases extremely rapidly in the molten state. Even if the melting is carried out in a nitrogen stream, the discoloration cannot be prevented. A value obtained by injection molding of the polyester at 26O ⁰ C the molded article is brown.

This comparison shows that when the catalyst used according to the invention is used, polymers excellent thermal stability can be achieved, as can be achieved with the use of known catalysts could not be reached.

Further comparative tests

To compare the effect of the catalyst used according to the invention with that of known catalysts Comparative tests were carried out with the following catalysts:

1. Tributylboron (according to the invention),

2. 2-pyridyl-sodium (U.S. Patent 3021309),

3. Dibutylbarium (U.S. Patent 3,021,310, Col. 6, line 50),

4. Trimethyl-indium (U.S. Patent 3,190,858, col. 6, line 63).

5 g of purified oc, a-dimethyl - /? - propiolactone and 5 g of toluene were placed in a test tube made of glass, and 0.010 g (0.2 percent by weight, based on the lactone) of the catalyst were added. Then the gas space was replaced with nitrogen gas and sealed. The tube was placed in a hot water bath at 60 ° C for 24 hours for polymerization. After the polymerization, the product or the content (polyester) was discharged into the sample tube and washed with acetone. The yield of the polymer, the intrinsic viscosity (η) of the polymer measured in trifluoroacetic acid at 30 ⁰ C, and the viscosity (η ¹⁾ of the polymer after 30 minutes, heating to melt at 260 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere are shown in the following table.

catalyst 45 (1) yield
(G) n n (2) (3) 4.9 3.19 3.02 (4) 4.8 2.81 1.52 3.8 1.49 0.81 4.1 1.60 0.78

It follows that the prepared using the catalyst used according to the invention Polymer with regard to the heat resistance (thermal stability) using known catalysts obtained polymers is far superior.

Claims (1)

Claim: Process for the preparation of high molecular weight polyesters by polymerization of a λ, Λ-disubstituted / 9-lactone of the general formula R, R ₁ -C C = O CH ₂ - O in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or aryl groups, in the presence of 0.05 to 5 percent by weight, based on the monomers, of a catalyst which contains an element of main group 111 of the periodic table, the polymerization in an organic solvent inert towards the catalyst is ^{carried out at a temperature of 0 to 120 0} C, characterized in that the catalyst used is tributyl boron. It is already known that / S-lactones with two Substituents in the \ position can be polymerized. In French patent specification 1 231 163 is a process for the polymerization of ίχ, Λ-disubstituted / 9-lactones described in which an amine, metallic sodium or sodium amide as Polymerization catalyst is used. It is also known that these lactones, in particular \, \ - Dimethyl- / 9-propiolactone in the presence of an anionic Poiymerisationskatalysators can be polymerized. In British patent specification 766 347 is, for example, the polymerization of, x.of-dimethyl - /? - propiolactone in the presence of an amine or the salt of a carboxylic acid. In these known processes, however, a long reaction time of at least a few days is required. Furthermore, the polyesters produced by these methods are extremely poorly heat-resistant, attributable to the catalyst remaining in the obtained polymer. the Polyesters therefore change their color when they melt, and the molecular weight is lowered in the process. Polyesters have also been made from .x-disubstituted /? - propiolactone in the presence of alkali metal alkyl or aryl compounds (US Pat. No. 3,021,309), in the presence of catalysts of the general formula R ₀ - M - R &, in the M inter alia mean magnesium, zinc or cadmium atoms, Ra alkyl or aryl radicals and R & halogen atoms (US Pat. No. 3,021,310) or in the presence of catalysts of the general formula R '- M - Ra ", in which M among others an aluminum atom, R 'denote alkyl or aryl radicals and R "denote halogen atoms (US Pat. No. 3190858). However, even in this polymerization, only polyesters with a limited molecular weight were obtained, the thermal stability of which could not yet satisfy the requirements placed on them. In particular, discoloration occurred too easily when they were used under thermal stress. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of high molecular weight polyesters by polymerizing a ίχ, Λ-disubstituted / J-lactone the general formula