DE1602289B2 - TOOL HEAD FOR CHANGING THE DIAMETER OF PIPES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tool head for changing the diameter of pipes with a A large number of segments which are elongated in the direction of the axis of the pipe and are arranged in a ring, one of which tangential surface has a circular arc shape in cross section and engages the pipe wall and its another tangential surface on a device for moving the segments radially to the pipe axis is applied.

The inevitable in the manufacture of large pipes Deviations of the diameter from the nominal values and the roundness from the exact cylinder shape are often so large that perfect welding of pipe sections is the same Nominal diameter is not possible. For this reason, pipes of this type are widened or compression, the so-called calibration, to the same target diameter and exact Brought roundness.

As for a perfect welding together of pipe sections a match of the butting If the pipe ends are sufficient, the calibration is often limited to pipe ends of relatively short length. However, it may also be necessary to cut the entire length of the pipes by a certain amount to expand permanently or to reduce the diameter, e.g. B. for work hardening the pipe material, in the case of welded pipes to reduce welding stresses or to achieve smooth-walled ones Pipelines.

In the following description of the invention, calibration is not just a change in the pipe diameter for the purpose of achieving accurate pipe diameters to understand predetermined dimensions, but every change in the pipe diameter with a possible necessary shape correction at the same time.

In the above-mentioned known device for calibrating pipes, in particular pipe ends, the deformation tool consists essentially of an externally cylindrical and through radial separating cuts in several - as far as known up to ten - sectors subdivided socket with conical passage and one of the many sectors corresponding to the number of sectors truncated pyramidal, axially movable mandrel with radial and axial stops for the sectors.

Such calibration devices are on special, movable on a foundation frame and lockable stand attached. They have the disadvantage that that of the conical inner surfaces surface pressure exerted on the side surfaces of the truncated pyramidal mandrel of the sectors the ratio of the mandrel diameter to the pipe diameter is greater than that required for expansion radial pressure of the outer sector surfaces on the pipe wall. Also increases because of the Inclination of the tool surfaces, which slide on each other during displacement, against the mandrel axis of the radial one Pressure between them along the length of the caliber sectors from the large to the small end face of the frusto-pyramidal mandrel in the inverse proportion of the end face diameter.

When expanding pipes by pulling the mandrel into the axially supported caliber bushing the risk that when a certain expansion pressure is exceeded, the surface pressure between the sliding surfaces of the bushing and mandrel becomes too large and these device parts become too large wear out prematurely and tend to eat. Similar difficulties arise when loosening the tool from the workpiece. These phenomena are the reason why expanding devices of this type can only be operated with a relatively low surface pressure and only for the calibration of pipes Made of materials of low strength and with wall thicknesses that are small in relation to the diameter Find.

In contrast, it is the object of the invention to design such a tool head so that he without wear and tear as a result of surfaces sliding one on top of the other and without different ones radial pressures can not only be operated with pipes made of materials of low strength.

According to the invention this object is achieved

solved that the segments with their ends in a housing displaceable radially over a limited distance are mounted that the device for radial displacement of the segments one against the housing is sealed elastic ring cuff with a length corresponding to the segment length, to the one Pressure medium line leads, and that the segment surface resting on the annular collar in cross section Has a circular arc shape.

In a device for manufacturing thin-walled pipes of large diameter by resistance welding of the edges from sheet metal strips bent together to form slotted tubes, it is known to use a mandrel substantially filling the clear cross-section of the tube, the supports the tube over its entire circumference and keeps it taut. The one in the area of the welding device arranged mandrel is elastically resilient and has one of several radially displaceable guided circular ring segments composite jacket. The individual segments are in this case against an elastically deformable, elastically deformable one, which forms the center of the mandrel, on the line of a pressure medium connected hollow body supported and in the area of the outer jacket surface with against the Provide sliding pieces that protrude from the inner wall of the pipe and are insulated from the segments. Such a thorn which is used in the resistance welding of thin-walled pipes, however, defines the subject matter of the invention not near. When it comes to resistance welding thin-walled pipes, only a good one should be Support of the pipe jacket must be ensured, so that the formation of grooves on the sheet metal surface as well as the mutual overlapping of the strip edges in the area of the weld is prevented. Problems related to changes in pipe diameter are addressed in this context not addressed, which is also not true with regard to the completely different type of device is expected.

With the features of the invention, both devices for expanding pipes as well as those to reduce the pipe diameter.

In the first case, the ring collar is on the inside of the segmented socket on, and the pressure medium is supplied to the cuff from the inside. In the other case it encloses Cuff the sleeve, which is composed of segments, and the pressure medium is on the outside fed to the cuff.

To ensure that the

3 4

Tool head from the workpiece after each working half of a device for calibrating

To secure the stroke, the segments can be expanded under the tube by expanding;

Nut one of the direction of the pressure medium opposite to F i g. 2 represents a partial cross-section through the superior force standing. For a reduction in the direction of FIG. 1 on the line AA and
the diameter of pipes determined work- 5 F i g. 2a shows a top view of the tool head visible from the outside, the restoring force of the parts of some lamellae of the deformation mechanism arranged between adjacent segments in the gaps;

Leaf springs are generated. In both types of FIG. 3, the half of the devices shown in FIG. 1 shows the restoring force can be permanent or the device, supplemented by a deformation, can act temporarily on the ends of the segments. An io tool spaced around the abutment ring; continuously effective force can be achieved by pulling or F i g acting against the FIG. 4 illustrates the device in the direction of the pressure medium. 1 can be generated with hydraulic or pneumatic return pressure springs. To generate a position of the deformation tool;
temporarily acting force can be a pressure medium F i g. 5 is an axial longitudinal section through an all-pipes arranged behind the cut half of a device for calibrating set segment ends in the housing by reducing the pipe diameter;
side tightly closed ring cavity change F i g. 6 shows in the same representation the Vorrichlichen volume can be introduced. according to Fig. 5 supplemented by one with all-round

In order to only arrange spacing in the deformation tool when changing the pipe diameter

part of the length of the pipe a gradual over- 20 abutment mandrel;

transition from the deformed pipe part to the undeformed FIG. 7 shows the device according to FIG

To create a pipe part, the segments can be set to a hydraulic or pneumatic return of the

End of the deformation tool against the end of the deformation tool;

and be beveled towards the cuff. As a result, F i g. 8 illustrates the addition of a pre-will at the same time the guidance of the workpiece to the direction of Fi ig. 4 to one for pressing the Tool relieved. Pipe sealable and attachable to a pipe end

For the radial guidance of the segments, the clamping head;

the housing provided with annular grooves flange-like F i g. 9 shows partly in side view, partly in longitudinal

Elevations can be provided, the against the cut a device for expanding pipes,

Sealing collar offset ends of the segments in 30, in which the pipe gradually over the widening

engage the ring grooves. device can be moved;

To limit the radial movement of the Seg- F i g. 10 represents an otherwise of FIG. 9 corresponding Ments can on the flange-like elevations device for calibrating pipes through Verdes Housing stops may be provided. Alternatively, reduce the pipe diameter via a counter also represents a bearing mandrel from the nominal diameter of the pipe;

Speaking abutment may be provided, against Fig. 11 illustrates a device for

which the pipe is brought to the facility. Reducing the diameter of pipes where

The axial extension of the axially parallel the forming device on one in the axial direction

Longitudinal edges of the limited part of the segments opposite the pipe that is firmly clamped on one side

speaks at least that which can be moved to an exact diameter 40 and also carries an abutment mandrel

and exact roundness of the pipe end to be formed. Frame is arranged;

Such a device of in relation to FIG. Fig. 12 shows a device for simultaneous

Short pipe lengths can also be used to recalibrate both pipe ends

shaping of pipes over their entire length calibrating device on the ends of the in the middle

turn when you can slide it and the holding device for 45 supported pipe.

move the pipe relative to each other in the axial direction - In the device for calibrating pipes

lent arranges. consists by expanding according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 2a

A preforming tool intended for expanding tubes from a multitude of directions would have to be attached to the free end of a segment 1 that is long enough to form a hollow cylinder and clamped at one end with gaps between them in the axial planes be, which can be introduced with her intermittently into the thin sheet-widening tube inserted as a spacer or onto which the springs 2 or 2 '. The segments 1 and leaf springs 2.2 'tube can be pushed on in sections. are radially movable with their remote ends 1 α

A device for reducing the size of the pipe in mutually facing annular grooves 4b , Sb ring diameter can be guided in a stationary or axially flange-like elevations 4 ″, 5 on the outwardly movable housing circumference of the housing body 4, which is open on both sides. Against which be arranged, through which the pipe intermittently inner edge surfaces of the segments 1 and blade pushed through or which is intermittently over the springs 2 is moved a sealing collar 3 made of rubber tube held on one side. elastic material with their ends tight

A device according to the invention can be added to the end faces of the guide grooves in a particularly simple manner in such a way that it rests on all sides except 4 b, 5 b and with the circumferential surface 4 c of the tube ends for testing the housing body 4 a tightly on all sides is suitable for the clamped pipe by pressing it off. forms an annulus of variable volume, in

The invention is illustrated in more detail with reference to the figures that a pressure medium can be introduced through a channel 7

in which some embodiments for the 65 is explained. The pressure of such a pressure medium act

the subject of the invention forming device on the remote ends la of the segments 1 ver

are shown schematically. lowers overlying ring springs 6 counter to the

F i g. 1 shows in an axial longitudinal section that a train is pretensioned. Through a behind the man

5 6

cuff 3 introduced pressure medium are otherwise screwed, which with inwardly directed flanges outside with the circumferences of the flanges 4 a, 5 flush 49 b and the facing end faces of the lying segments 1 against the rings 45 over the flanges the annular spaces 46 «. The inner 4 a, 5 a pushed-on part of a pipe 10, circumferential surfaces of the flanges 49 & thereby form the drive. The maximum amount by which the pipe part 10 a 5 outer stops for the recessed ends is expanded by the width of the 41 α of the segments 41. The rings 45 are determined against the grooves 4 b, 5 b , the outer peripheral surfaces ring nuts outside of the mouths of the Kaals stops 4 e, 5e for the segment ends la die- Näle45i> sealed by sealing rings, which for a NEN. After releasing the pressure medium pressure fetch pressure-tight closure of the annular spaces 46 a, the springs 6, the segments 1 against the force of the flat springs 2, 2 'located behind the sleeves of them in their Ausschette 43 takes place by a radial Channel 47 is back in the normal position. The housing 4, 5 is on the free base body 44.

The end of a boom 8 attached, which with its The expansion device according to F i g. 4 is on the other hand Clamped at the end and the construction, if necessary, is more complex than the one according to FIGS. 1 is dimensioned so long that a widening 15 to 3, but offers the advantage that the retrieval Tube in sections via the expansion device of the deformation tool before much faster can be pushed away if the part to be widened goes and as a result several working strokes 10 a is longer than the effective length of the Seg- can follow one another more quickly. The faster one 1. Working method has a particularly beneficial effect on quay

Should only the length of the segments 1 correspond to larger pipe lengths. corresponding or shorter pipe ends are expanded, The in F i g. The device shown in FIG. 5 is for the purpose of calibrating pipes on the circumference of the housing flange 4 α by reducing their stop 4 d diameter, which is possibly adjustable in the axial direction, while compressing the pipe wall. it's correct. The segments 51 are here with the outside of the one housing flange consists of assembly 25 enclosing collar 53 in an inner recess of a detachable with the housing body 4 recess of the housing 54, which is connected to one end face and against this by sealing rings 5 α of an inwardly directed flange 54 α of the sealed ring 5. housing 54 and on the other end face of an In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is the front end of the direction opposite the flange 54 a according to FIGS. 1, 2, 2 a by a counter 3 ° housing 54 inserted ring 55 is limited. bearing ring 9 added, which surrounds the housing 4, 5 with opposing lugs 54 b and 55 b of the stand and whose inner surface defines the shape of the flange 54 α and the ring 55 guides each expanded pipe part. The counter bearing ring 9 for the end edges of the segments 51 and stops can end 51.α. The pressure medium will be arranged behind the sealingly movable frame. cuff 53 from the outside through a hole 54 c in

The calibration device according to FIG. 4 different housing bodies 54 introduced.

This essentially differs from the one according to FIGS. 1 to 3 with sealing rings 55a between the housing body 54

borrowed only in that the segments 41 and the and the ring 55 prevent the escape of

Sealing sleeve 43 after the pressure medium has been released from the pressure medium from the sealing sleeve 53

medium pressure not by springs, but hydraulically limited pressure space.

or pneumatically back to its original position. The calibration device according to FIG. 6 different

to be brought. For this purpose, they protrude from the embodiment according to FIG. 5 only

put ends 41a of the segments 41 to the outside in that as an abutment for the to be deformed

directed approaches 41 b in each an annular space 46 α, 45 tube 10 a caliber mandrel 60 in the interior of the housing

in which the lugs 41 b of a U-shaped sealing 54, 55 is arranged, the width and shape of the im

sleeve 46 are enclosed. Determined by tube part 10 b reduced after each diameter.

The return of the segments takes place here by the

Annular spaces 46 α behind the sealing collars 46 a leaf springs 2 arranged between them (FIG. 2,

guided gaseous or liquid pressure medium 50 2 a). You can support them externally

the segments 41 acting in their initial position are annular springs 66 on the remote ends

brought back. of the lamellae 51 can be arranged. The abutment

The annular spaces 46 α are through channels 45 b, 44 b mandrel 60 is similar to the housing body 4 and 44

and lines 40 b with a pressure medium container 40 of the devices according to FIGS. 3 and 4 on one

connected and just like this attached to a permanent 55 arm 68.

pressurized pressure medium filled. With the calibration device according to FIG. 7, which are in The expansion process is the pressure medium from the rest of the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 Annular spaces 46 a displaced into the container 40, corresponds to, the restoring force of the leaf springs is 2.2 ' after cessation of the expansion pressure in the annular spaces in the same way as in the execution 46a flows back and the segments 41 with 60, for example according to FIG. 4, by hydraulic or powder Cuff 43 back-matic pressure added to its starting position, which in annular spaces 76a emotional. Via the U-shaped sealing collar placed therein. The device housing here consists of structures 76 acts. Here, too, is from constructive greenish Reasons for several detachable with one another that the housing from several mutually connected Share. On both ends of an externally 65 sealed part 74, 75, 79 assembled. the cylindrical base body 44 are flange rings 45 pressure spaces 76α behind the on the stepped placed with sealing rings 45 a in between. Sealing collars 76 resting against segment ends 71a Ring nuts 49 are attached to the flange pin 45, as are the pressure chambers 46a according to FIG. 4 to one

Pressure medium container 40 connected and constantly filled with pressurized pressure medium.

Fig. 8 shows a special embodiment of an expansion device with the features of the invention, which makes it possible, in connection with the calibration of the pipe ends, to test the pipes for leaks and strength by introducing pressure medium into the pipe, which is also tightly closed at the other end Hold the pipe against the test pressure. The device is essentially constructed like that according to FIG. 3. However, here the annular gap between the abutment ring 89 and the housing 84, 85 receiving the pipe end 10 b to be expanded is closed on one side by an end plate 82 screwed to this ring 89 and the housing body 84 the housing body 84 is provided with a connection 84 a for the test pressure fluid line. In addition, in a circumferential groove of the flange ring 85 there is a seal 85 c which can be pressed against the inner wall of the pipe by a pressure medium introduced behind it via channels 84 b, 85 /, 85 e and 85 rf.

In the case of the FIG. 9 schematically illustrated example of a complete device for expanding of pipes is the expansion device 90 at the free end of a one-sided fixedly clamped Boom 98 attached. The abutment ring 99 surrounding it is in a stationary frame 96 arranged. In front of and behind the expansion device 90 there are liftable and lowerable roller tables 94, 95, Via which a tube 10 to be expanded is fed to the device 90 and possibly moved over it can be.

In the case of the FIG. 10 for reducing the diameter of pipes, the calibration device 100 is arranged in a stationary housing 106 . An abutment mandrel 60 is attached to the free end of a fixed arm 8. Here, too, roller tables 104, 105 which can be raised and lowered are used to feed a pipe 10 to the calibration device 100 and, if necessary, to move the pipe further stepwise between the individual forming processes.

When setting up according to Fig. 11, a calibration device 110 with its housing 116 is arranged on an axially movable carriage 114 , with the aid of which it can be moved onto the pipe 10 to be formed or over the pipe 10 relative to a stationary holding device 115 for a pipe end. As shown, a caliber mandrel 60 attached to a correspondingly long arm 108 can also be arranged on the carriage 114 , which is axially displaceable against a spring by a certain amount depending on the design of the calibration device when it hits the holding device 115.

The device shown schematically in FIG. 12 serves to calibrate both ends of pipes 10 at the same time. Two calibration devices 120 are arranged with their housings 126 on trolleys 124 , which are axially opposite to a stationary device 125 that can be raised and lowered to support and hold the central part of the tube 10 can be moved. Caliber mandrels can also be arranged on the carriage 124.

Instead of the devices 1.00, 110, 120 for reducing pipe diameters shown in the devices according to FIGS. B. the device according to Fig. 8 - are also suitable for testing pipes by pressing.

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Tool head for changing the diameter of pipes with a variety of in Rohrachsrichtung elongated, annularly arranged segments, one of which is tangential Surface has a circular arc shape in cross section and engages the pipe wall and the other tangential surface on a device for moving the segments radially to the pipe axis rests, characterized in that the segments (1; 41; 51; 71; 81) with their ends are mounted radially displaceably over a limited path in a housing (4) that the device for the radial displacement of the segments an elastic one sealed against the housing (4) Ring collar (3) with a length corresponding to the segment length, to which a pressure medium line (7) leads, and that the segment surface lying against the annular collar in cross section Has a circular arc shape. 2. Tool head according to claim 1, characterized in that a leaf spring (2, 2 ') is arranged in each of the gaps between the segments (1). 3. Tool head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the annular collar (3; 43; 83) rests on the inner tangential surfaces of the segments (1; 41; 81) and the pressure medium is fed to the inner surface of the cuff. 4. Tool head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve (53; 73) encloses the segments (51; 71) and the pressure medium is supplied to the outer surface of the cuff will. 5. Tool head according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the segments (1; 41; 51; 71; 81) permanently or temporarily under the influence of one of the directions of the pressure medium pressure opposing force. 6. Tool head according to claim 5, characterized in that springs (6; 66) act on the ends of the segments (1; 51). 7. Tool head according to claim 5, characterized in that the offset ends (41 a; 71a) of the segments (41; 71) with the sealing collar (43; 73) facing away elevations in each an annular space (46 a; 76 a) of the housing grip and there are covered by a tight sleeve (46; 76) which closes off a part of the annular space that is sealed on all sides and connected to a pressure medium source from the segment ends. 8. Tool head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that at one end part of the tool head, the radial width of the segments (1) to the tool end and decreases towards the cuff (3). 9. Tool head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Sat the segments (1) between flange-like elevations (4 «. 5) of the housing (4) and 109 521/62 with ends (Ια) offset against the sealing collar (3) in annular grooves (4b, 5b) on the facing end faces of the flange-like elevations. 10. Tool head according to claim 9, characterized in that to limit the radial movement of the segments (1) stops (4 e, Se) 10 are provided on the flange-like elevations (4 a, 5) of the housing (4). 11. Tool head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that to limit the radial movement of the segments one of the nominal diameter of the pipe corresponding abutment (9; 60) is provided. For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings