DE1594636B2 - HIGH PERFORMANCE LUBRICATING OIL - Google Patents

Description

2. High-performance lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains naphthenic oil and synthetic lubricants in an amount of not more than 50 ° / _{0 together} , where ('he pour point of the mixture proportion of the two components is below - 40 ^: C and the VI of the GemiscliLnteil has an amount over 95.

3. high-performance lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a naphthenic Contains oil and a paraffin-based oil, the viscosities of which are related to one another at 98.9 "C. \\ ie about 1: 1 to about 1: 5.

4. High-performance lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that it is synthetic Contains lubricant in an amount of 3 to 25%.

5. high-performance lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that it is an ester component with at least one branched in the \ -position Contains grouping.

The present invention relates to a high-performance lubricating oil (engine, transmission, converter, machine oils) based on mineral oil mixtures and synthetic lubricants.

It consists of

1. Paraffin-based oils in which the limit of the incipient paraffin excretion (BPA) is below half −1O ⁰ C and which have a VI of over 95,

2. Naphthenic oils with a pour point below -35 ⁰ C and a VI of over 60,

3. a proportion of higher molecular weight esters with more than one ester group with a pour point below -40 ° C and an average VI of over 140 and possibly

4. Polymers of unsaturated hydrocarbons with the character of a cutting oil.

A fraction that has undergone dewaxing should preferably be selected as the paraffinic base oil. It is advisable to push back the paraffin excretion so that it is only substantially below - Io ^; C. if possible only occurs below -20 to 25 ° C.

A core fraction, which is of lower boiling point, is used as the basic naphthenic component Shares is largely exempt. You can find out about this, for example, by checking the o \\ - teach dative evaporation behavior. The naphthenic oil is said to have a pour point

ίο show that below - 35 C, \ preferably at - 40 'C and underneath, lies. The VI of the oil should be at least 60, but preferably over 65.

High molecular weight esters with more than one ester group are used as synthetic lubricants both those made from di- or polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and those made from carboxylic acids with more than one acid group with monoalcohols, the components being straight or branched chain and the molecule should contain at least 20 carbon atoms. The esters are supposed to be one Pour point of below -40 "C, preferably below -50'C, and a VI of above 140. preferably of over 160.

This also applies to ester mixtures, in which then eir.

* 5 Estert \ ρ better, the others have lower key figures can. The mixture sulls the mentioned Conditions.

The oil shows particularly advantageous properties if the lubricant contains an ester component, which contains at least one branch η x-position.

It can be useful. da3 a component

has a viscosity of at least 5.5 cSt (at 98.9 ^C C) and one component has ^{a viscosity of below 3.5 cSt (oei 98.9 C} C). In this way it is possible, on the one hand, to give the synthetic lubricant a high load-bearing capacity and, on the other hand, to use its rheological effect to achieve low viscosities at low temperatures.

The load-bearing capacity of the synthetic lubricant should not be less than that of the mineral oil content. The VI of a mixture of the naphthenic component with the synthetic lubricant should be about the VI of the paraffin-based proportion or higher.

The proportion of synthetic lubricant should be a few percent (e.g. 3 to 5) to 25 ^½ / ₀ but no more. The synthetic lubricant can also partly consist of polymers of unsaturated hydrocarbons with lubricating oil character.

The proportion of naphthenic oil and synthetic lubricant should generally not be more than 50%.

The viscosity of the basic naphthenic component in the mineral oil mixture should be approximately the same or higher

than that of paraffinic oil, but not higher than about 4 to 5 times (98.9 ° C).

The term "high-performance lubricating oil" is to be understood in such a way that, due to the choice of the proportions of mineral and synthetic oil components, lubricating oils can be built up that meet the requirements of the multi-purpose (engine oil, gear oil, converter oil, machine oil) on the one hand and the requirements of the multi-range -Applicability in extreme conditions of temperature, cold and other high stress on the other hand (thermal stability, load-bearing capacity, stability against decomposition, saponification, etc.).
In this way it is possible to produce oils that are also at deep

Temperatures were called and can be pumped, the courage without the addition of VI improvers mil. ^ viscosity-increasing properties in the oil body correspond to a higher SAE class than oils with the same cold properties of lower Viscosity at 98.9 C. *

l) Adjusting the oil body to a higher viscosity also reduces wear and tear and so does the amount of additive required. This has a particular effect as a reduction in the amounts of the VI improvers based on PoK acrylic which, for. B. for multigrade oils play a Ro ¹ Ie, but with higher added amounts compared to the stresses, ζ. Β in the diesel engine, are sensitive.

B e i s r, i e 1 1 Lubricating oil for automatic transmissions, for Otto- ui -i door diesel engines:

Parts

\ iikosiiiii

Bl'A

Pour point

Pa:: '!'Iinb; ·· 'sches Ül
ι '.iicherupurafliniert)

₁ -, high basic SoK eiu-
! ■ · '·. !! linat

20th

S-. , - "hetischor lubricant ..

■ S5 "" Dodefandisäiire-2-ethylhexyl ester. 15 "" Adipic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester)

4.3 cSt 103 VS.9 C) 4.2 cSi 60 9p.9 C) 3.7 cSt 169 98.9 C

unier --25 C
(beginning paraffin-I excretion)

-32 C

-40 C
below -45 C

i) a>, oil itself has the following keniuJiles:

Viscosity 4.1 cSt (98.9 C)

Vl 111

BPA below -40 ^: C

Pour point below -40 "C

Specification converter oil ATI ⁷ .

Motor oil 5 W / 10 W

By adding VI improvers, e.g. B. polyacrylic acid esters, an extension to a higher range in the SAE classification can be created be e.g. B. for engine oils to an oil SAE 5 W / 20 W.

Usual additives can be used as alloying agents, e.g. B. Inhibitors (e.g. zinc dithiophosphate). Dispersants or detergents, ie alkaline earth metal compounds of fatty alcohol sulfonals or higher molecular weight aliphatic or alkylated aromatic sulfonic acids, or naphthenates. The oil can be mixed with other lubricants. It is characterized by it. that at -4OC there is a viscosity of about 7000 cSi and an extraordinary one shows little tendency to foam. It can also withstand higher loads in the converter transmission. Thanks to its simultaneous suitability as a converter oil and as a multigrade engine oil, it enables Fulfillment of several different lubrication processes. It is particularly suitable for use in the Arctic, but can also be used in more moderate zones, in city traffic and with higher thermal loads can be driven in a wear-resistant manner.

Example 2

A lubricating oil very suitable for both transmissions and gasoline and diesel engines has the following Composition:

Parts viscosity Vl BPA Pour point Paraffin-based oil (highly
paraffinic) 70
16
14th 6.3 cSt
(98.9 C)
10.0 cSt
(98.9 C)
4.4 cSt
(98.9C) 100
70
168 -23C -25'C
-40 "· C
below -50 C Naphthenic solvent refinal
Synthetic lubricant

(75 ° / ,, DocIecanedioic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester. 25% Nonadecanedioic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester)

The oil itself has the following key figures:

Viscosity 6.6 cSt (98.9 C)

Vl 104

Stockpunkl below -35 C

Specification gear oil SAE 80, engine oil 10 W / 20W

By adding VI improvers, e.g. B. polyacrylic acid esters !!, one achieves an extension to a higher range in the SAE-Klassilikaiion, z. B. for engine oil to 10 W / 30W.
Usual additives can be used as alloying agents.

Example 3

A lubricating oil very suitable for transmissions as well as gasoline and diesel engines has the following Composition:

Parts

viscosity

Vl

ΒΙ'Λ

Pour point

Paraffin-based oil (hochentparaftinicrt)

Naphthene-based solvent raffinate
Synthetic lubricant

50
25th
25th

8.9 cSt

(98.9 C)

10, OcSt

(98.9 C)

4.8 cSt (98.9 C)

100

70

164

(Decanediol isononanoic acid ester)
The oil itself has two key figures:

-: 3 c

- 25 C.

-40 C

below -60 C

Viscosity. .

Pour point.
specification

8.1 cSt (98.9 "C)

below -40 "C

Gear oil SAE 80, engine oil 20 W

By adding VI improvers, it can also be brought into the 20W / 30W class for engine oils. The oil is suitable as a gear oil even for use in the arctic and as a low-wear engine oil for all climates.

Example 4

A lubricating oil suitable for transmissions as well as for gasoline and diesel engines is composed as follows :

Parts

viscosity cSt 8.9 ⁰ Q (98.9 cSt 12.6 ^: C) (98.9 cSi 4.8 O (98.9

Vl

Pour point

Paraffinic oil (highly dewaxed)

50.0

34.5
15.5

99

72
164

-32C

-4O ⁰ C

below - 60 ⁰ C

Naphthenic solvent refinal
Synthetic lubricant

(Decanediol isononanoic acid ester)

The oil has the following key figures:

Viscosity 9.6 cSt (98.9C)

Vl:

Pour point below -40 ° C

Specification gear oil SAE 80, engine oil SAE 20 W / 30 W

By adding 5 _{% / 0} Vl improvers (polyacrylic acid ester) gear oil SAE 80/90, engine oil SAE 20W / 40 W. The oil is particularly suitable for the highest thermal loads and at the same time meets the requirement for good load-carrying capacity both in cold areas and in the tropics.
It is also an excellent machine oil.

Example 5
A lubricating oil that can be used both as a gear oil and as an engine oil can be produced as follows:

Parts

viscosity

Pour point

Paraffin-based oil (highly dewaxed)

Naphthenic oil ...
Synthetic lubricant

75

22nd

8.9 cSt

(98.9 ⁰ C)

12.6 cSt

(98.9 ° C)

3.9 cSt (98.9 ⁰ C)

99 72 178

-32 ° C

-40 ⁰ C

below -45 ⁰ C

(2-ethylhexyl dodecanedioate)

The oil has the following key figures:

Viscosity 9.6 cSt (98.9 ⁰ C)

VI

Setting point around -4O ⁰ C

Specification gear oil SAE 80, engine oil SAE 20W / 30 W

By the addition of 5 ° / ₀ VI improvers (polyacrylic acid ester) it can be in the range gear oil SAE 80/90 unc 20 W 40 W are brought / in the motor section SAE.

It still shows very good low-temperature behavior and is only somewhat inferior to the oil according to Example 4 where the cold stress is much higher.

$ 09518 / -!

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. High-performance lubricating oil based on mineral oil mixtures and synthetic oils Lubricant consisting of 1. Paraffin-based oils, where the limit the incipient paraffin excretion is below -10 "C and a VI of at least 95 have. 2. from naphthenic oils with a Vl of over 60 and a pour point of under -35 'C. 3. a proportion of higher molecular weight esters with more as an ester group with an average VI greater than 140 and a pour point from below -40C and possibly 4. Polymers of unsaturated cooling hydrogen with lubricating oil character.