DE1018573B - Grease - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

kl. 23 c 1/04

INTERNAT. KL. C 10 IH

PATENT OFFICE

EXPLAINING PAPER 1018 573

N 12136 IVc / 23c REGISTRATION DATE: APRIL 2, 1956

NOTIFICATION OF THE NOTIFICATION AND ISSUE OF THE EDITING PAPER: 3 1. O CTO B ER 1 9 5 7

Grease

It is known per se to use mineral oil-based lubricating greases with an oxyfatty acid lithium soap as

lierungsmittel produce, but in practice

mainly low viscosity oils and applicant:

low viscosity index, as the 5th

to achieve a specific grease consistency N.V. De Bataafsclie Petroleum

required soap content kept as low as possible Maatschappij, The Hague

shall be. In particular, it has been shown that the

Grease yield drops to the same extent as representatives: Dr. K. Schwarzhans, patent attorney,

the viscosity index of the mineral oil is increased. 10

_o,. . w, .... _Λττ j ·, Munich 38, Romanplatz 9

Lubricating greases made from oils with low Vi and with

but low viscosity show at relatively Claimed Priority: low temperatures, usually starting at 0, very satisfactory properties: they are therefore rapidly stiff and ^v * ^v * ^{st Ame "ka of 22} · April 1955 do not reach with safety or in sufficient 15
the extent to which the lubrication points concerned, e.g. Am

Airplanes, and they also fail at Harold Albert Woods and Loren Charles Bollinger for a long time,

constant high load on the bearings. Emeryville, Calif. (V. St. Α.),

JiS has now been found that one improved ,, _,.,

Greases are obtained when ° ^{smd been enannt} as the lubricating oil component * ^{as Erftstadt lighter} 9, a mineral oil is used, the viscosity a

index of at least 70, preferably 75 and 95, so- 9 like a viscosity between 70 and 150 Saybolt-

Seconds (universal) at 98.9 °, with as a zelnes oil with the required properties or

Thickener a lithium soap an oxyfat 25 also a mixture of oils of various origins

acid is used. Furthermore, this should be, with this mixture then the specified

Lubricating grease between 0.25 and 2.5 percent by weight conditions with regard to viscosity properties and

an alkali or alkaline earth metal naphthenate. the viscosity index must meet. Preferably is

These novel lubricating greases show very favorable the lubricating oil is a mixture of a refined one Viscosity-temperature properties and a mineral lubricating oil that is improved from a distillate Load capacity while at the same time the Ge lubricating oil fraction has been obtained, and at least The ability of the oxyfatty acid lithium soaps to have an equal proportion of a mineral oil bright stock it is higher that the grease yield is very satisfactory (cylinder oil), fails. For use in the

The "bright stocks" suitable for the mixtures in the lubricating greases according to the invention have the following

The mineral lubricating oil used can have the following properties:

Properties of bright stocks

Viscosity, SSU, 37.8 °> 1250, usually 1250 to 11000,

preferably 1500 to 3500

Viscosity, SSU, 98.9 °> 75, usually 125 to 325,

preferably 150 to 250

Viscosity index> + 60, preferably +85 to 110

Aniline point]> 100 °, preferably 115 °

Flash point!> 245 °, preferably 260 °

Focus> 290 °, preferably 315 °

Drop point maximum - 4 °, preferably lower than - 10 °

Aromatic content <15%, preferably 10%, most preferably 5%

Share of naphthenes <35%

Paraffin content at least 60%

The origin or treatment of a special property. Hence one can in the manufacture Mineral oil is not so important for the present of the bright stock oil both the extent of the dissolving purpose, rather, what is essential is its final extraction of the remedy as well as the measure of the

correct penetration of the grease, in terms of size by about 30%.

Smaller amounts of other additives can be incorporated into the lubricating greases according to the invention, to improve certain properties; z. B. can the corrosion behavior of the lubricating greases can be improved by adding an ester, preferably one Monoester, from an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a polyalkylene glycol. Esters are very suitable

asphalting, clay treatment, acid treatment and the like vary accordingly.

The oil-soluble alkali metal or alkaline earth metal naphthenate used according to the invention leads in unexpected ways to greases in which the lithium soap has essentially the same gelling power as in a mineral oil with low viscosity and low viscosity index. Preferably that is Naphthenate in amounts between 0.5 and 1.5%.

Calcium, barium, magnesium, sodium, lithium io of glycols with 2 to 6 carbon atoms in each or potassium naphthenates are preferably oxyalkylene radical and preferably with between 5 turns. and about 20 oxyalkylene radicals in the molecule, poly-

The term “naphthenic acids” includes the alicyethylene glycols are preferred. The fatty acids used to form the clic carboxylic acids such as cyclopentane and cyclo monoesters include, in particular, hexanecarboxylic acids which contain capric acid, lauric acid, oleic acid and stearic acid, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals, and the corresponding oxy fatty acids. The bonds can contain. Suitable naphthenic acids
can be made from various petroleum and their
Extract fractions. Also alycyclic carboxylic acids, which are contained in other natural products 20
are and can be derived from it, such as the
Resin acids of various vegetable substances, e.g. B.
Abietic acid from rosin, etc., can be mixed well
use.

The exact composition of petroleum naphthenic 25 influences. The effect of the sulfonate on the acidity is not known; but it is assumed that the duration of use is much greater than that of the effect

one of the additions alone could be expected. The alkaline earth hydrocarbon sulfonate is useful an oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate, especially an oil-soluble calcium petroleum sulfonate. Preferably the so-called basic sulfonates are used. The sulfonates are generally used in an amount of 0.25 up to 5 percent by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture,

Esters are generally used in amounts of 0.25 to 5 percent by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture, used. When using such esters in combination with An alkaline earth hydrocarbon sulfonate improves the corrosion behavior of the lubricating grease even further, at the same time, their emulsifying properties and their service life in bearings also become favorable

a mixture of the cyclic hydrocarbon carboxylic acids with 5 to 6 carbon atoms in the saturated ring, although also acids with smaller or larger rings may exist.

In the naphthenates used according to the invention, the molecular weight of the naphthenic acids is in general between 100 and 600 and preferably between 220 and 450.

The considerable effect which is used in the new 35.

Lubricating greases in terms of the "yield" achieved by the presence of the naphthenates is special unexpectedly given that the same naphthenates have practically no effect on Antioxidants can also be added to the greases, e.g. B. different amino compounds known for this purpose, in particular diarylamines, such as phenyl-naphthylamine,

the grease yield when converted to a 40 or 1 salicvlaminoguanidine monooleate. The amino

Lubricating grease based on an oil with a low viscosity index can be added. Also have the naphthenates also have practically no effect on the yield of those lubricating greases which are made with soaps are gelled by unsubstituted fatty acids. It therefore seems that those used according to the invention are used Naphthenates have a unique effect only in grease compositions in which the lubricating oil is a mineral oil having a high viscosity and a high viscosity index, and in which at the same time a lithium soap of an oxy fatty acid is used as a gelling agent.

The oxy fatty acids are in particular those having at least 10 carbon atoms and preferably Compounds are generally in an amount of 0.25 to 2.5 percent by weight, preferably 0.5 up to 1.5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture, used.

The following example serves to explain the invention in more detail.

example

A) A grease was prepared containing 7 percent by weight lithium-12-oxystearate and mineral Lubricating oil with a viscosity of 63 SSU at 98.9 ° and a viscosity index of 35 contained. Though adequate for many smear purposes, it had

between 12 and 36 carbon atoms in the molecule. 55 a relatively short useful life in a highly special Acids are important, the loaded wheel bearings; obviously as a result of too

low viscosity of the oil.

B) To correct this, you can use an oil with a higher

from hydrogenated castor oil or by catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon oils and waxes can be obtained. Suitable acids are e.g. B. 9, 10, viscosity, but practically the same viscosity index

11- or 12-oxystearic acid or its homologues 60 can be used. At temperatures below about 0 ^c

However, such lubricating greases become unfavorably stiff and therefore also have poor pumpability.

C) To get through the application of the higher viscosity

and analogs as well as the corresponding oxypalmitic acids. Furthermore, oxymyristic acids, oxybehenic acids, 5, 6-dioxystearic acid and 2, 11-dioxypalmitic acid can be used.

Typically these soaps are available in amounts from 5 to 65 oil's improved life under high impact 20% available, and preferably they are in load to maintain while increasing the quantities between 6 and 12 percent by weight, calculated mentioned unfavorable properties in the case of lower Ternauf the total mixture is used. To correct the presence temperature, a grease was used des naphthenate reduces the required amount of a lithium 12-oxystearate made from the same of lithium soap, which is required to treat a 70 parts of a light mineral lubricating oil with a vis-

viscosity of 300 SSU at 37.8 ° and a mineral oil bright stock with a viscosity of about 3600 SSU at 37.8 °, the mixture having a viscosity of 958 SSU at 37.8 ° and 78.2 SSU at 98, 9 ° and a viscosity index of 74. The change from one oil having a low viscosity and a low viscosity index to an oil with high viscosity and high viscosity index set, however, the thickening ability of the soap down, as 10 percent by weight of soap were needed, fat is a lubricant to be obtained, which had the same Konstistenz such as Grease A described above, in which only 7% soap was required.

D) Since the lithium soap is the most expensive ingredient in the grease, attempts have been made to to improve the low "yield" of lubricating grease C. It has been found that the addition of 1 percent by weight, calculated on the grease, of a calcium naphthenate is the required amount of Lithium soap reduced to 7.25%, in which case a grease with the same consistency as that of grease A was obtained. The calcium naphthenate was derived from a petroleum naphthenic acid with a average molecular weight of about 220.

E) The corresponding lithium naphthenate was found to be twice as effective as that Calcium naphthenate. 0.5% of the lithium naphthenate had the same effect as 1% calcium naphthenate, as described under D.

F) The addition of 1 percent by weight of poly (oxyethylene) glycol monooleate and 2.5% calcium petroleum sulfonates to the above grease D gives one Mixture that gives resistance to salt water corrosion for four times longer than without Use of monooleate and sulfonate.

G) A still further improvement in relation to the oxidizing capacity with the stability of the Lubricating grease composition as described under F can be achieved by going to this grease is a mixture of 0.25 percent by weight phenyl-a-naphthylamine and 0.25 percent by weight 1-salicylalaminoguanidine monooleate added.

Claims (12)

Claims: 45 1. Mineral oil-based lubricating grease with an oxy-fatty acid lithium soap as a gelling agent, thereby characterized in that the mineral oil has an viscosity index of at least 70, preferably between 75 and 95 and a viscosity in the range from 70 to 150 SSU, 98.9 °, and that the grease 0.25 to 2.5 weight percent, calculated on the total grease, of one as Contains grease additive known per se alkali or alkaline earth naphthenates. 2. Lubricating grease according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a calcium naphthenate or contains a lithium naphthenate. 3. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it is one of petroleum naphthenic acids contains derived naphthenate. 4. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the lithium soap contained therein of an oxy fatty acid having at least 10 carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 36 carbon atoms in the molecule is derived. 5. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the lithium soap contained therein is derived from hydrogenated castor oil fatty acids or from 12-oxystearic acid. 6. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains the lithium soap contained therein in an amount of 5 to 20 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture. 7. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that there is also a small one Part of an ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid known per se as a lubricating grease additive and a polyalkylene glycol, preferably a monoester, such as a polyethylene glycol monooleate, contains. 8. Lubricating grease according to claim 7, characterized in that it is the ester in an amount of 0.25 to 5 percent by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture, contains. 9. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that there is also a smaller one Part of a neutral or basic alkaline earth hydrocarbon sulfonate known per se as a lubricating grease additive, in particular a calcium sulfonate, the sulfonate preferably being derived from a petroleum sulfonic acid. 10. Lubricating grease according to claim 9, characterized in that it is the sulfonate in an amount from 0.25 to 5 percent by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture, contains. 11. Lubricating grease according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that there is also one smaller amount of an antioxidant in the form of what is known per se as a grease additive Amino compound, in particular a diarylamine, such as phenyl-a-naphthylamine or 1-salicylalaminoguanidine monooleate, contains. 12. Lubricating grease according to claim 11, characterized in that it is the amino compound in one Amount of 0.25 to 2.5 percent by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture. Documents considered: German Patent No. 906 842; Kadmer: »Lubricants and machine lubrication« (1941), 46. Cited earlier rights: German patents No. 944 628, 944 629, 945 174. © 70? T3? 3: 7 10.57