DE1589765A1 - Magnetizing and demagnetizing device - Google Patents

Description

E. K. T. European Engineering Trust Reg., Vaduz, Principality Liechtenstein

Magnetizing and demagnetizing device

The invention relates to an improved magnetizing and demagnetizing device for magnetizing bsw. Demagnetizing iron objects such as screwdrivers or drivers.

It is often desirable to use a hand tool such as a screwdriver or nail hammer to start a Li ore to magnetize it with a nail or a nail. So far either a larger bar magnet or a Electromagnet used.

It is also often necessary to demagnetize an object. For example, watchmakers usually only wish to use absolutely non-magnetic screwdrivers, probes and similar tools of their trade.

Bioher, for example, became one with a certain magnetism The tool is demagnetized by exposing it to a strong alternating field.

Another, albeit less preferred, means of degaussing consists in that the magnetized object

009820/0754

BAD ORiCSNAL

was heated to a high temperature or repeatedly shaken.

These operations require more or less use complex devices, a source of energy and a very large expenditure of time and effort.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to create a combined magnetizing and IC demagnetizing device, those with small dimensions, but absolutely independent or self-contained, durable, cheap and reliable is.

With the device according to the invention, the magnetization or demagnetization can be done quickly depending on the intended use.

The device according to the invention has no failure-prone moving parts and the correct use of the device is easy to learn.

Further features of the generally improved, combined magnetizing and demagnetizing device will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings; show in it:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the device according to the invention according to an embodiment, in which with dash-dotted lines Lines shown part of the shaft of a screwdriver rubbing against the magnet is moved to magnetism in the screwdriver to induce;

pi

009820/0754

Fig. 2 is a side view of the device according to the invention, with some portions cut away to illustrate the underlying structure;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the underside of the device;

Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing part of the shaft of a screwdriver shows that is demagnetized, the. Section plane indicated by the line 4-4 of FIG is; '

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modified one Embodiment of the device in which the position of a screwdriver that magnetizes is indicated with dash-dotted lines;

Fir. 6 a middle vertical longitudinal 8οhnittansi ent device shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 shows a cross-section in which the sonic plane is indicated by the line 7-7 of Figure 5;

Fig. 8 is an imaginary sectional view of a magnet In enlarged scale showing a screwdriver being demagnetized; and

9 is a side view of a further embodiment the device according to the invention.

While the combined magnetizing and demeaning. Ambition and purpose; r.ufv.-eicen 'z' -. nn, -.vur; e a substantial number

the L ·, -.D O. iC ^ AL

009820/075 *.

the here described and illustrated training of Device according to the invention manufactured and tested, with all tests extremely satisfactory results produced.

Ide in Fig. 1-4 shown device according to the invention is expediently designed in the shape of a pad and is provided with the general reference number 12. A handle 15, the in greetings and shape is chosen so that it can be easily grasped by hand, is e.g. by rivets 14 on an elongated Sheet metal plate 16 attached, extending from the handle "extends and ends in one end 17 that is rounded, because it looks better and is better protected. Kine opening or a hole 18 at the foot of the handle is used to Hang the device on a nail on the wall or on the workbench, so that the device is lighter and more space-saving can be kept.

Two lateral flanges 19 on the metal plate 16 are bent over at right angles to the plate 16 and at least cover them partially from the side edge surfaces 21 of a strong permanent magnet 22.

The magnet 22 is on the underlying metal plate and attached to the flanges 19 thereon by means of a suitable adhesive.

Magnet 2? is designed as a parallelepiped and, in addition to the two narrow side edge surfaces 21, also has large side surfaces lying opposite one another, namely an externally exposed side surface 25 and an inner inner surface 24 (FIG. 2).

Ide larger side surfaces 2j> and 24 and the smaller edge surfaces 21 extend at right angles, where

their

009820/0754

its line of intersection forms two exposed corner lines 26 and two inner corner lines 27 (FIG. 4). The inner corner lines 27 3ind enclosed by the flanges 19, the flanges 19 lying at right angles each being exposed Have corner lines 31.

The magnet 2.2 ends at its opposite front and rear ends, each forming a transverse face 36.

If you want to see the ferromagne ti shaft 4-1 (for example a screwdriver 42), the handle 13 is gripped with a Hpnd, whereby the surface pointing up. Then the screwdriver handle 42 taken in the other hand and the shaft 41 on the upper or exposed larger surface 23 of the magnet (Fig. 1) placed. The shaft 41 is then dragged on the surface 23 in the direction indicated by the arrow 43. If necessary, the tool 42 can move away from the surface at the end of the movement required for magnetization and repeat the same operation to increase the induced magnetism.

On the other hand, if you want to demagnetize the shaft, you will find | a completely different process takes place. During demagnetization, the paddle is held so that the surface of the plate 16 points upwards (Fig. 3). Then the screwdriver will be like this handled that the butt end of the metal shaft 41 with one or the other flange corner line 31 (Fig. 4) in contact comes. Then the screwdriver shaft, held at an angle, is sharply downward and to the right (Fig. 4) moved in the direction of arrow 46. As soon as a single work step or work stroke is finished, the demagnetization is done brought about.

It

009820/0754

- ο -

It has been found, of particular interest, that demagnetization is most effectively achieved by Before demagnetizing the screwdriver shaft first is magnetized. It has been found in other words that if a tool to be demagnetized, such as a screwdriver, has only a small amount of residual magnetism, preferably the shaft first subjected to the magnetization process described above after which the shaft is then moved along a flange corner in the course of the demagnetization process described above is looped.

The exact cause of this phenomenon is unknown. Eo but it seems that since essentially all magnetic particles within the shaft are first produced by the magneti-beer process are aligned, the subsequent degaussing step is more effective than a larger one Number of particles due to the demagnetization process effectively confused.

In this context it seems appropriate to briefly discuss what can be considered as the possible explanation for the the device according to the invention gives results achieved.

The magnet! Izing step or process may be on best explained by classical molecular theory, first introduced by Weber (Wilhelm, Sduard, 1804-1891, vain German physicist, who held a professorship as full professor of physics in Göttingen for most of his life) was set up. According to Weber's theory, it is assumed that each of the molecules has a screwdriver shaft a very small magnetic particle with its own Representing North Pole and South Pole. Is not yet a magnetizing force have been applied, these little magnets are on

Random

009820/0764

Random, randomly scattered, bo that the different Molecular north and south poles all one at the other neutralize and no major magnetic effect or magnetic field is generated. However, as soon as a magnetic When force is applied, the small magnets try to arrange themselves in such a way that their axes are parallel to each other and hurry their north poles in general in the same general Direction as the magnetizing force is geriohtet ■ ind.

A newer theory for magnetism, perhaps even more acceptable than the classical molecular theory, iet the theory of spheres, which is very simplified as follows can be expressed:

In magnetic substances, the atomic magnets produced by the movement of the electrons distant from the nucleus show around the nucleus a strong tendency to line up in groups of 10 to 10 atoms regardless of or without the Influence of any external magnetic field,

These groups of atoms with theirs aligned in the same direction Poles are called "spheres". Hence, within each sphere creates a strong magnetic field.

However, these individual fields are usually located arranged in such a multiplicity of carelessness, that no external field is visible when the substance, such as that of the screwdriver shaft, is in a non-magnetized state.

Every tiny sphere (10 such spheres can be contained in one cubic millimater) is always up to saturation magnetized, and by adding the external magnetic

Field

ORIGINAL BATHROOM 009820/0754

- σ -

Field becomes the self-magnetism of the individual spheres, viewed with a microscope, not increased.

The addition of an external magnetic field has an effect insofar as the individual spheres are involved align with the external field, e.g. by grinding the screwdriver shaft 41 on the magnet 21.

Having aligned a very high number of spheres the substance as a whole exerts an external magnetic field, i.e. it is magnetized

As mentioned earlier, demagnetization has been achieved in a number of ways in the past.

First of all, a magnetic object loses it for a long time is permitted in relation to the earth's magnetic field to stay unaligned, quickly its magnetism, i.e. its individual molecular magnets or spheres reassume their arbitrary arrangement over time.

Shake or shake and heat the magnetize Object represents a different method by which the partohen at random back into an arbitrary arrangement " to be brought.

A strong alternating current field that magnetizes on thin An object is applied, has also been used for a long time, e.g. to demagnetize tools, watches, etc. The rapidly expanding and contracting field, which was generated by a Vreoh current conductor coil, has hitherto been found widespread use notwithstanding the disadvantages associated with the need for a power source, Lead wires and special facilities are connected.

Thanks to 009820/0754 BAD OF »fcA

Thanks to the use of the device according to the invention, however an inagnetized object such as a screwdriver can be effectively demagnetized as described above without using the means and facilities mentioned above.

Now the block-shaped shown in Fig. 5-7 Device referred to.

A parallelepiped 51 in the form of a block of non-magnetic material has two rounded end sections 52, which are connected to one another by an elongated vertical central web 53 i , the block in the longitudinal direction through a horizontal, through hole 54 and in the vertical direction through a hole intersecting Opening 56 (Figs. 6 and 7) is traversed by let

The through hole 54 with the circular cross-section is suitable for magnetizing elongated objects, such as the shaft 55 of a screwdriver, or probes or rods, while the elongated vertical opening 56 is particularly suitable for magnetizing objects that have a certain width such as a small wrench or λ end nut wrench or a small crescent-shaped nut wrench.

Two opposing recesses 57 on both Sides of the block are used to accommodate two corresponding strong permanent magnets 61 in full contact with two opposite, parallel larger surfaces of opposite polarity,

Serve to limit the magnets 61 in the recesses 57

two

EAD Cn'CEiviA

009820/0754

two paramagnetic protective plates 62 with chisel-shaped ends 63 which can be received in corresponding V-shaped vertical grooves 64 in the end caps 52. T5in strong adhesive is often designated for attachment of the ilai <* and the plates on the property with each other in abutment ^W: inden and grooves of the block 51 used ·

The magnets 61 are of the same type as those described above in connection with that in Pig. 1-4- illustrated embodiment with each magnet having two major side surfaces 66 and two minor edge surfaces 67 and two end faces 68. One of the larger surfaces is a North Pole while the other is the South Pole is.

The plates 62, however, differ from Gewlssermaiüerv the plates 16 previously described in Pig. 1-4 illustrated embodiment of the invention.

Me plates 62 do not have any splashes, but are in essentially flat and as large as the side surfaces of the magnets. Made exhaustive experiments in itself found that the plates 62 performed their demagnetizing function most effectively when their width (shown perpendicularly in Pig. 5 and 7) is exactly the perpendicular width of the magnets 61 corresponds.

If you now want an object such as a screwdriver, magnetize, the robbery will up inserted into the handle in the bore 54 (Pig. 6), whereupon it is withdrawn again. The ferromagnetic sheet is attached to one of the larger surfaces of the magnet and is as big as this surface.

Possibly

B'D ORIGINAL

009820 / 07S4 ^B.

If necessary, instead of the bore 54, the opening can instead 56 can be used. In any case, the Magnetization not affected, d ;. the bridge (the, for example o made of plastic 3a can) is quite ■ thin.

Usually one operation is sufficient - i.e., sitting down and pulling back of the object - to induce a strong Permanent magnetism even in a hard object Stole.

Incidentally, it should be noted that an object (such as a | Wire pin or nail) made of soft steel or soft steel is more easily magnetized, but only retains a small part of the magnetism originally induced in it. Hard steel shows resistance to magnetization, but once magnetized it remains permanent magnetized.

In connection with the megnetization process one is closed became convinced that dns in the middle section of the Block between the two homopolar embroideries, there is a strong opposing field to overcome the low permeability uöa hp.rten steel of the object and thereby an IJauermagnetismue, even after only one magnetization process, effectively induced into the object.

If πι.Ίη now wants to demagnetize the object (e.g. the screwdriver shaft 55), the butt end of the shaft will refresh the corner 71 on the plate 6? (or horizontally *. on the upper or lower part) laid and grinded. Üob ^r i3'i the working stroke is completed, i? Ue l · ntπlagnetisieΓun ^ t finished.

so

009820/0 754

Reference is now made to Figure 8 to explain what with the aligned magnetic / iolecules or spheres happens while the shaft 55 progressively over the Plate 62 is looped.

As an aside, it was noted as with the one previously described Design of the device found that the best Demagnetization results can be achieved if the subject first un- the magnetization described above. and only then subjected to demagnetization.

8 illustrates, in idealized form, one Magnet 01 of the type in question here, namely one Magnets with two opposite, larger side surfaces 82 (north pole) and 83 (south pole), as well as with two smaller ones Edge surfaces 84.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. ^P , no paramagnetic protective plate is shown.

It has been found, what is of interest, that the plates 16 (and 62) are not just adjacent magnets 22 and 61, respectively k sohützen when grinding the object, but apparently also to distort the magnetic field according to the well-known law of the magnetic field, so that; magnetic field always tends to align itself, so that an optimal flow is achieved. ·

In other words, in the presence of a ferromagnetic Materials such as of the plate 16 and 62, respectively, the lines of force are drawn in the direction of the plates and into the plates and contributed considerably to the strengthening of the field, di; ü immediately aa section is on which the screwdriver is looped.

Flg. 8th

009820/0754 _r r, c ^ C ^ ^L

Fig. 8 shows a previously magnetized ferromagneti see Rod 87, which runs along the corner 86 of the pig. 8 is moved so that the molecules 88 or spheres, particles or dipoles in Be aligned lengthways, as can be seen from the upper left end of the rod.

Optionally, reference is made to a single dipole 88 which is believed to be on the axis 89 of the rod and is oriented or aligned such that eein North Pole (the small hollow circle) is at the top and its south pole (the small filled circle) is at the bottom.

The top dipole 88 is also assumed to have the assumes successive lower positions shown when the rod is pointing downwards in direction dt «arrow 91 in the Moving kind of a movie sequence ". ^.

The dashed lines 92 show in a known manner the imaginary lines of force that are present in the magnetic field 93 generated by the strong permanent magnet 81 is.

During the downward movement of the rod 87, this is achieved axially aligned particles 88 the line of force 92a, which seeks to reorient the particle, tangential to the line of force and, for example, in position 88a, where the south pole of the particle facing the north pole of magnet 81.

It is evident that the force exerted on the particle changes in strength inversely proportional to the distance. Therefore, as the particle races in the vicinity of the corner 86, a greater force is applied as the particle is highly oriented and may even have assumed the reverse orientation shown at 8β #. Thereupon

will

BATH ORIGINAL 009820/0754

there are still different positions, but with a weaker effect, because the following lines of force are cut off are taken, as shown stylized in FIG.

The overall effect on all different, within the The rod located parts consists in returning them to an arbitrary arrangement in which there is no external magnetic field is present. In short, the bar i3t demagnetizes.

Now it is changed to another one, Pig. Reference is made to the embodiment shown in FIG. This version is 112 is similar in some respects to the paddle shape of the device 12 shown in Figs. 1-4, so that where appropriate, like reference numerals are used.

The modified embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs however, differs from those previously described in that the upper exposed side surface 23 of the Magnet 22 is covered with a strip or layer 116 of a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum.

The side edges of the aluminum plate 116 are bent down at right angles to obtain two flanges 119, which are in contact with the corresponding upright flanges 19 made of ferrous metal. The end 117 of the aluminum plate 116 extends forward and corresponds to the eloh forward protrusion 17 of iron plate 16.

Through the in Pig. 9 shown embodiment of the invention Device becomes a particularly interesting, unexpected and useful effect both in magnetizing as well as when demagnetizing a tool such as a screwdriver shaft a 141.

the

009820/0754 BAD

The magnetization occurs essentially in the same manner as before with respect to that shown in FIGS. 1-4 Embodiment explained, i.e. the screwdriver shaft

141 becomes level on the top surface of the non-ferrous metal plate 116 across the magnet 22 (Pig. 1) and along the plate from the handle to the tip of the screwdriver shaft looped.

On the other hand, demagnetization is very different Way achieved.

The demagnetization process takes place as follows. The I. Sohraubenzieherechaft 141 is first in a horizontal position as shown in full line in Figure 9 with the shaft about 3/4 of an inch above the surface 121 of the non-ferrous metal plate 116 is located and the screwdriver about the one in Pig. 1 with interrupted The position shown in the lines is set axially.

The screwdriver will then move in the direction of the arrow

142 (FIG. 9) is lowered vertically until the shaft 141 touches the horizontal upper surface 121 of the non-ferrous metal plate 116 - as shown with broken lines in FIG. 9 - μ horizontally or granulates it in contact with it.

The shaft 151 only briefly contacts the plate and then turns roughly into the full-line pip. 9 returned upper position shown.

Thereupon Ie ^ t the screwdriver in the direction of the viewer - i.e. in the I-direction of arrow 43 in Fig. 1 - a Axial distance back, which is approximately the transverse width of the magnet 22 corresponds, whereupon the operation, which consists of lowering, touching and lifting the shaft, is repeated.

let

BATH ORIGINAL

009820/0754

If the screwdriver shaft 141 is about as long as twice the transverse width of the magnet 22, then there are only two Operations required; but the screwdriver shaft is about as long as three times the width of the magnet 22, then three work steps are preferred.

Ea has been found to be unusually effective the rearrangement of the magnetic molecules or spheres of the tool substance to achieve total demagnetization can be achieved with the method of operation according to the invention, namely in that the previously magnetized Shaft against the top surface of the non-magnetic plate 116, which covers the top surface 23 of the magnet 22, is lowered, whereupon the Sohaft is raised vertically, then is moved axially and this operation then depending on the general relationship between the magnetic length and the magnetic width is repeated.

The accompanying drawings together with the above description illustrate the relative dimensions, shapes and types of use in three successfully tested Embodiments of the device according to the invention. Ee In any case, it is clear that other modified embodiments and modes of operation within the scope of protection β of the attached claims are possible.

Patent claims

009820/0754

Claims (1)

Claims Π ΛMagnetized and intagnetizing device, marked by a parallelepiped (22) made of permanent magnet material with two opposite side surfaces (23, 24) and two opposite edge surfaces (21), which are to the Side surfaces run vertically and thus right-angled Form corner lines (26; 27), wherein the permanent magnet material is magnetized such that a north pole on one of the side surfaces and a south pole on the other side surface is found, while a metal plate (62), which, according to their size, are essentially the one rare-top " flat corresponds, on this side surface and flat crown is in contact with her. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal plate (16) consists of ferrous metal and has at least one lateral flange section (19) which is bent at right angles and thus flat-edged at least over a section of the adjacent edge surface (21) Anlt-ge nit lies with her. 5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by a handle (13) which is provided on the metal plate (16). Λ 4, device according to claim 1, characterized by a Block (51) made of non-magnetic material with a through hole (54), with two magnetic parallelepipedons on opposite sides of the block adjacent to the through hole (54) and the plates from the through hole are turned away. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal plates consist of ferrous metal material and the Block is made of plastic. \ i C * ι i η AL 009820/0754 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by an opening (56) which extends through the block at right angles to the through-hole (54) and intersects this. 7. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that each of the pws allele epipedons is as large as the other and in a p & ar opposite vocal surface la right. _w ,, angle go to the side surface! and go to the kfne surface "* ends" ji j 8. Device m-.ch claim 7, characterized in that the parallelepipedons and the metal plates are elongated and have the same width. 9. The device according to claim 3, characterized by a plate (116) made of non-ferrous metal, which i3t arranged on the other of the side surfaces (2?) And at least f-inen lateral flange section (119) which is waving in the right? 1 is bent over and thus lies flat and flat over a section of an adjacent edge surface is in investment with her. 10. Device n-oh claim 9, characterized in that dc.3 the plate (116) made of light ferrous metal is made of aluminum. 009820/075 *