DE1588573A1 - Comparator - Google Patents

Description

"Comparator,"

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The invention relates to an apparatus for comparing Signals in a binSreiK code with two similar, parallel Net works that each contain a number of branches with a resistor, to which the binary-coded signals are fed, the resistances of the branches having a value such that a binary relationship is obtained.

Such devices are known in which the binary coded Signals switches e.g. electronic failures in the form of transistors control, whereby the branches of the parallel networks probably ode; cannot be brewed in a specific chip condition. You branches each of the parallel networks are interconnected and the connection indicates the general voltage state of a parallel ICT works, Piss tension states of each of the parallel Ketswerke are then ii a .. differential amplifier compared with one another. Aa outcome of this DiJ

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reference amplifier occurs the difference signal.

The aim of the invention is to create such a device, whose construction dermaseen is simpler, that it is particularly suitable for this purpose, manufactured using thin-film techniques or as an integrated circuit to become. For this purpose, the device according to the invention

, dung the characteristic that in series with the mentioned resistances in each

Branch of the Eraitter collector circuit of a transistor is provided the transit gates being opposite in the branches of the parallel networks Conductivity types are opposite to those of food sources Connect polarity, the binary coded signals being fed to the relevant base electrodes of the transistors and furthermore, the branches of the first parallel network are connected to the branches of the second parallel network, the straight Points of the branches concerned are connected to a summation line. The use of transistors of opposite conductivity type, those with supply sources of opposite polarity and in each branch of the two parallel networks via the one binary relationship resulting resistances can be connected to each other, which enables a very simple device to make ..

In this way, the aforementioned Sunmation leadership receives «in

Potential for the difference and for the polarity of this difference directly determines the mass between the two binary signals. This potential can be used directly as a control signal in a control system B.B. a numerically controlled machine tool or to control another circuit unit, depending on

co a certain, fixed voltage on the polarity of the difference

"* -" occurs at an exit. In a further elaboration of the precedence

^NJ according to the invention, this can be achieved in that the Suomierungsleitung with the base electrodes from »wei with the creases

i. fidgeted transistors of opposite conductivity type and the

_._ Kullek boreliictroden with the base electrodes from »white old the Kolleteto-

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ren coupled transistors of opposite conductivity types are connected furthermore, the emitter electrodes of the last-mentioned transistors are connected to supply sources of opposite polarity and the common collector circuit is the output of the gate direction forms.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the connection points of the branches of the parallel Hetswerke each individually or in groups with a summing line a circuit unit. You outputs of this circuit units can be combined in a common outlet, where resistances between the outputs of each of the circuit units are provided whose values are so different that β at the output of the circuit unit, the voltage, which relates to the most important binary unit of the coded signal, generally has a higher value Output has voltages related to other binary units of the signals. This way, differences between the encoded signals in by the values of the intermediate resistors certain gradations of output voltages at the common Output can be obtained.

Further details of the device and its design are given

explained in more detail below an'Hand the drawing.

Fig. 1 of the drawing shows a block diagram of a system in which the device according to the invention can be used.

Pig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a device according to the

° 25 «finding and

_ω Pig. 3 shows a further part of the device according to FIG

\ Invention.

t "J Fig. t shows, for example, a system in which the Vorrich

device 1 is applicable according to the invention. The comparison device 1 has two inputs to which signals from a recording device 2, a tape 3

with a Prcgrmei BÄfe ^ & N ^ jd -tfc * ^ signals of a position indicator «7

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for displaying the position of a machine slide 5 ⁱⁿ an XT coordinate system. The machine slide is connected via a transmission mechanism 6 to a motor 7 with reversible direction of rotation, which also drives the indicator 4 via the transmission mechanism 6. The motor 7 is driven via a drive circuit 8 which is controlled by the comparison device 1. A control unit 9 is also provided, which controls the successive processes specified in the program of the belt 3. After the end of a process and when the carriage has reached 5 ° J- ^e position indicated on the belt 3, the control unit 9 ensures that the next process registered on the belt is carried out. Separate comparison devices 1 may be necessary for the various processes, such as the aforementioned shift in the X and T directions. This comparison device is the subject of the invention and is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.

The comparison device contains two similar, parallel ones Networks 21 and 31 each with a number of e.g. 4 branches connected in series a bitter-collector circuit of a transistor 22 or 24, 26, 28, and 32, 34, 36 or 38 and a resistor 23, 25, 27 or 29 and 33t 35, 37 and 39, respectively. The transistors 22, 24, 26 and 25 are as

electronic switches are effective and have their base electrodes the receiving device 2 connected. The values of the resistors 23, 25, 27 and 29 are chosen according to a binary scale. When the device is effective in a binary coded decimal system and the σ

^ ₀ 25 part of the device 1 according to FIG. 2 contains a decade of this system,

co so if the resistor 23 has the value R, the other resistors

^ the following values 25 - 2R, 27 - 4R, 29 - 8R. The emitter electrodes

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^ of the transistors 22, 24, 26, 28 are via a line 11 with a

Speieequelle (+) connected. The nioht with the transistor 22, 24, 26 bsv. 28 connected ends of the resistors 23, 25, 27 and 29 are variable via Resistors 13, H, 15 etc. 16 nit one

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12 connected. The resistors 13, 14) ¹ 5 and 16 are used for regulating and balancing purposes with backing to tolerances of the ^ tear element ·. Resistors 13, 14, 15 and 16 may be unnecessary. Network 31 is also connected to summing line 12. The values of the resistors 33, 35, 37 and 39, similar to the resistors 23, 25, 27 and 29, are selected on a binary scale, ie 33 - R, 35 »2R, 37» 4R and 39 - 8R. The transistors 32, 34, 36 and 38 of the opposite conductivity type with respect to the transistors 22, 24, 26 and 28 are connected through their emitters via a line 17 to a supply source (-) the polarity of which is opposite to that of the first-mentioned source (+) is. The base electrodes of the transistors 32, 34, 36 and 38 are connected to the indicator 4. The receiving device 2 contains four parallel branches which are attached between a positive voltage line 40 and earth. Each branch contains a resistor 41, 42, 43 or 44 and a photocell 45, 46, 47 or 46 connected in series with it. The connection points of the resistors and photocells 41-45, 42-46, 43-47 and 44 -48 are connected to the base electrodes of the transistors 22, 24, 26 and 28 of the comparison device 1.

A pulse generator 50 of the display device 4 supplies pulses for a reversible, binary-coded decimal counter of suitable form with four bistable elements 5 ¹ > 52, 53 and 54 »which, via the lines 55, 56, 57 and 58, respectively, the respective base electrodes of the transistors 32, 34 , 36 or 38 of the network 31 feed control signals.

The mode of action is as follows. Ee «ei assumed that by C ₀ 25 the position indicator 4 the lines 57 and 58 receive voltage, but

not lines 55 and 56. The transistors 36 and 3d of the network

"^ 31 are conductive and provide a negative potential that is generated by the

JJ CB \ Voltage drop across resistors 37 and 39 alters the values 4R and 8R, respectively

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is determined for the Suromierungilleitung 12, If a signal Q is taken from the B * nd 3, through which "the photoials 46 and 47 receive, Copy * ~" over the photoaels 45 and 48, io the photoials 46 and

47 conductive, whereby a voltage is supplied to the base electrodes of transistors 24 and 26 of the network, and these transistors become conductive and a positive voltage is supplied from line 11 to summing line 12. The voltage depends on the values of the resistors 25 and 27, ie 2R and 4E. In this example, a negative span ring is supplied to the summing line 12, since the voltages en on lines 11 and 17 have the same value but opposite polarity. This negative voltage is equal to a voltage drop of (2R + 4E) across the resistors, 25 and 27 minus a voltage drop of (4R + 8R) across the resistors 37 and 39. This negative voltage is. thus a direct analog ground for the difference between the two binary coded signals. As mentioned, this voltage can also be used to control a further circuit unit. The unit connects the summing line 12 to an output 18. The summing line 12 is connected to the base electrodes of two transistors 62 and 63 coupled by their emitters. A resistor 64 is located between the emitter and base electrodes of these transistors 62 and 63. The collector electrode of transistor 62 feeds the base electrode of a transistor 66 via a resistor 65 A resistor 69 connects the base electrode of the transistor · 68 to the negative voltage line 17 and a resistor 61 connects the base electrode of the transistor · 66 to the positive voltage line 11. Let ο be

25 pointed out that the two Trane ie gates η 66 and 68 duroh die cd.

^ Collectors coupled traneietors opposite conductivity type

- ^. and that their conductivity type is also that of the previous ones. Transistors ο. ro 62 and 6i opposite let. The operation of this integrated Schaltungβein- ^Λ 60 in association with the previous Nets work is under the "Example faring described follow friend

As a result of the negative voltage of the Suousierungeleitung 12 BATH ORIGINAL

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the base electrodes of transistors 62 and 63 are negative, whereof the Transistor 62 becomes conductive (transistor 63 is not conductive because its conductivity type is opposite). Since the Traneistor 62 with the base electrode of the transistor 66 is connected, the latter also becomes conductive, where the line 11 with the positive voltage to the output is connected.

If the output 18 is positive, the motor 7 according to Fig. E.g. over the circle 8 are driven, so that the machine slide is moved forward. When the slide is moved, the Ιοί generates Ο pulse generator 50 pulses that are fed to the 25heater. Bach one A certain number of pulses changes the state of the bistable element 54, whereby the line 58 is de-energized and the state of element 52 changes, whereby line 56 receives voltage. The transistor 38 is consequently blocked and the transistor 34 becomes conductive, so that the line 17 is then connected to the summing line 12 via the resistor 35 (value 2R) and also via the resistor 37 will. The positive and negative voltage fields are then equal, which means is the voltage of the summing line KuIl. The transistors and 63 are then both blocked, similar to the transistors 66 and 68, so that no voltage occurs at output 18 and motor 7 stops. This can be followed by a subsequent process by reading another Commands are carried out by gang 3.

Otherwise, if a positive voltage appears on summing line 12, transistors 63 and 68 become lei-S? 25 tend where the output is connected to the negative voltage line 17

O _{becomes 0} so that the motor rotates in the opposite direction. CT). . It is assumed that the comparison device 1 according to FIG

contains a number of decade circles according to FIG. 2 for an X position

Ct and that the outputs of these circuits to a common output 19 naoh Fig. 3 are assembled. 3 shows only the circuit initiation 60

of Fig. 2 for the various decades 60I, 602 and 603. The decades

COPY.

Unit 601 is the most important (e.g. the hundreds of a three-decimal number ) j the unit 602 eei less important (tens) and the Unit 603 is the least important (units). Between an Auegang 18 every decade and the common output 19 and the decades a buffer resistor 71 or 72 is provided one below the other. In this For the sake of clarity, only three decades are shown in the example, but in

In practice, a significantly larger number can be used with several buffer resistors to be used. You ensure the presence of these Euffer resistors, daes the most important decade in every moment all less . 10 important decades by appropriately choosing the values of these successive ones Exceeds resistance.

In a control process, the both signals always automatically receive a control signal that the starts with the highest deviating decimal and continues to the smallest continues with a different decimal, regardless of the type of action, whether this deviation is positive or negative.

The transistors used in the device can be silicon being transistors «Due to its design, the device is suitable particularly good for use as an integrated circuit or for manufacture by the Dtlnnflateohniken.

In a variant similar to FIG. 2, the transistors 32, 34, 36 and 38 can still be thought of being replaced by diodes, with the output signals of the reversible counter via lines 55? .56, 57 and 58 and

The resistors 33, 35, 37 and 39 are fed via the oil ο
ο 25 can.

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Claims (4)

PATEKTANSPKUBCHE; 1.j Device for comparing signals in binary code with two similar, parallel networks, each with a number of branches with a resistor to which the binary-coded signals are fed, the respective resistances of the branches being such Have value that a binary relationship is obtained, characterized in that in series with the mentioned resistances in each branch the emitter-collector circuit of a transistor is provided, the transistors in the branches of the parallel networks being opposite Conductive toit types are opposite to those of food sources Connect polarity and connect the binary coded signals to the relevant base electrodes of the transistors occur, furthermore the relevant branches of the first | brallelnetzwerkee with the relevant Branches of the second parallel network are connected, the connection point the branches are connected with a suramination wire. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Summing line to the base electrodes of two through the emitters coupled transistors of opposite conductivity type and the Collector electrodes with the base electrodes of two duroh the die Collectors coupled transistors of opposite conductivity types are connected, furthermore the emitter electrodes of the last-mentioned transistors with supply voltage sources of opposite polarity are connected and the common collector circuit of the last-mentioned transistors forms the output of the device. 3. Device with a number of units according to claim 2 ia cd in connection with claim 1, characterized in that the jpeonderten ^ Outgoing (18) of this unit · »(601, 602, 603) to a common Au * - ^ gang (19) are united, with resistance swisohen the separate statement co . f 3ί oo went (18) are provided, the values of which are based on a specific quadratic ζ Q point such that Δλτ Ii nil us one of the subobjects of every important signal ·) £ unit as output (19) larger let ml » the one« sub-unit in a <further, less important secondary unit »iteirander tu τ · γ- ' equivalent, binary coded signals. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, daduroh marked that the! Trans ie gates ή in one of the parallel networks have been replaced by diodes. 009836/0246 Blank page