DE1564496A1 - X-ray apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Dr. phll. G. B. HAGEN Patent attorney. I 0 D A A 9

8000 MUNICH SOUN

Frani-Hali-Strafle 2i

Telephone 796213

X 1747 Munich, June 21, 1966

Picker X-Ray Corporation

Waite Manufacturing Division, Inc.

17325 Euclid Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio, USA

X-ray equipment

Priority: USA; June 24, 1965; US Serial No. 466 725

Oils The invention relates to an X-ray apparatus, in particular. an X-ray apparatus working on two levels.

During medical examinations of the condition of parts or organs of the human body, especially for diagnosis, it is sometimes desirable and often necessary to take x-ray films of the parts or organs of the body from the front or close to it from the front (AP image) and in a direction perpendicular to this direction Direction from the side or almost from the side (side view).

In two planes working X-ray apparatuses have two separate Rontgensysterne with one X-ray tube and an X-ray sensitive film or other means for receiving an X-ray image, wherein the image on the receiver that is, the X-ray source,

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X-ray tube placed on opposite side of the body. The path of the X-rays from one X-ray tube through the body or another object to the assigned image receiver is therefore at right angles to the beam path the X-rays from the other X-ray tube. So there will be one system for AP recording and the other system used for side shots.

In such apparatus operating in two planes, the AP receptacles and the side receptacles are generally carried out alternately in different periods of time so that the patient is not suddenly exposed to high doses of x-rays and mutual interference between the X-ray systems is prevented. In this way one obtains film images of the greatest possible quality Clarity and sharpness. In the known apparatus, the X-ray tubes and image receivers for the AP recordings are alternated with the 'X-ray tubes and image receivers for the side Recordings operated. A rapid sequence of film exposures may be required for this alternating operation be, for example in a film apparatus in which several successive AP and side film frames quickly alternate can be recorded with one camera each for AP recordings and side recordings. In this film equipment the lens of each camera is focused on the output luminescent screen of an associated image intensifier tube, which is between the object and the camera is arranged and the X-ray image intensifies that each time the shutter is opened Camera gets onto the film in the camera.

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In many apparatuses working on two levels with image intensifier tubes photocells are also provided, which focus on the output fluorescent screens of the image intensifier tubes are. The photocells are connected to suitable control circuits that adjust the brightness of the images Adjust the output screens so that the cameras facing images have a uniform brightness.

With these known apparatus operating in two planes, various difficulties have arisen are due to the fact that X-rays from the one X-ray system are scattered into the other and a memory effect occurs in the image intensifier tubes. The entrance screens The image intensifier tubes receive primary radiation that has passed through the object directly from the x-ray tube as well as secondary radiation, i.e. scattered radiation from the other X-ray tube. For example, the side image intensifier receives primary radiation from the side X-ray tube, when this is on, and secondary radiation from the AP X-ray tube when it is switched on.

The image intensifier tube has an afterglow effect, that is,

that it stores the received image and from its output screen still emits when the input luminescent screen no longer receives primary X-rays. In all known X-ray equipment operating in two planes is used to operate the image intensifier tube of one system

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X-ray tube of the other system disrupted. For example, when the side x-ray tube is turned on after the AP x-ray system has been in operation, the image from the side image intensifier tube is affected by what may be referred to as a "noise image" caused by secondary radiation from the AP system. After switching off the side x-ray tube, the image emitted by the output luminescent screen of the side picture tube is therefore initially continuous and relatively bright; it gradually becomes weaker. The afterglow image which originates from the primary ^{radiation is now superimposed with the noise image 11} which is generated by scattered radiation from the AP image Afterglow results in blurring of the photographic image because the film is moved when the primary beam is broken.

The photocells set on the image intensifier tubes register in a brightness-controlled X-ray apparatus not only the brightness, which is due to the primary radiation, but also the brightness, which is due to the scatter radiation and the afterglow image is caused. Therefore, the circuits for automatic brightness control the brightness of the images generated on the output luminescent screens and recorded by the cameras is not perfect steer.

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According to the invention to avoid these problems, the operation the image intensifier tube is controlled so that the image tubes not only amplify the desired images, but also as electronic locks work. In the system according to the invention, the photocathodes of the image intensifier tubes are first applied A positive bias voltage of several hundred volts is placed against the earth potential, so that a stream of electrons through the image intensifier tubes to those provided on the anodes Luminous screens is prevented and the electronic shutters formed by the picture tubes are closed. The from electronic shutters formed by the image intensifier tubes are preferably opened in that the photocathodes are connected to earth potential for a certain interval will. .

It has been shown that when the image intensifier tubes are switched off, they are effectively closed form so that no electrons can leave the photocathodes and reach the anodes. Therefore no electrons migrate through the image intensifier tubes. The one from the entrance screen the blocked picture tube of the one system received light output, which is due to the scattered radiation, those on the input screen during operation of the other system of the locked picture tube of the system under consideration occurs, is essentially of the locked picture tube completely dissipated when it is later opened to receive the primary radiation, i.e. when the system of looked at tube turned on and the other system

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is turned off. While the tube is blocked, the latent image that was still present when the is removed is also removed The picture tube was blocked at the end of the previous pulse. Experiments have shown that the removal of the latent and the The noise image is not disturbed.

The image intensifier tubes are used in the apparatus according to the invention Not only used as an amplifier but also as electronic locks, so the usual mechanical locks of cameras are not required. The cameras are always open and on the output fluorescent screens of the picture tubes focused and connected to them in a light-tight manner. A suitable control device is provided which performs the locking function the image intensifier tubes with the function of the film transport devices in the cameras and switching on the X-ray tube coordinated. The X-ray tubes are switched on when the electronic shutters are opened. After the electronic shutters are closed, the films in the cameras are moved to the next frame position. the Control alternates between the AP and side X-ray systems, so that, for example, the AP X-ray tube and the associated electronic shutter are switched on and the associated electronic shutter is opened when the side X-ray tube is switched off and the electronic one assigned to it Closure is closed.

If the number of gears is lower (number of frames per second), the clutches of the film transport

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device operated, so that the film for the next X-rays is moved. When the number of gears is high, the cameras run continuously and become the electronic locks synchronously with the switching on and off of the X-ray tubes and synchronously with each other alternately opened and closed Change in the on-time of the X-ray tube with each exposure the X-ray irradiation times can be adapted to the different speeds. When the number of gears of the sharpening frequency the exposure time is controlled by inserting opposing sets of one-way rectifiers in Rectifier bridges in the supply circuits of the X-ray tubes are opened in such a way that the X-ray tubes alternate with one-way rectified ones Voltages are sensed.

A high-voltage flip-flop is used in the apparatus according to the invention used to synchronize the operation of the picture tubes, the cameras and the x-ray tubes with each other. The one The output of the high-voltage flip-flop is used to control the shutter function of the AP image intensifier tube. The other exit is used to control the locking function of the side. Image intensifier tube. There is one exit and the other is switched off, the flip-flop automatically controls the shutter function of the image intensifier tubes alternately in the correct mode Change of the two levels. The opening and closing of the electronic shutters is somewhat delayed, so that it corresponds exactly to the activation of the X-ray tubes. This is done by the high voltage conversion circuits in the Feeding device for the X-ray tube delayed.

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The invention thus aims to create a novel one and improved x-ray equipment working in two planes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved x-ray apparatus in which a Image intensifier tube is operated as an image intensifier and electronic shutter.

Another object of the invention is to create a novel one and improved x-ray equipment working in two planes, kept locked in soft image intensifier tubes while the associated X-ray tubes are switched off, so that a transfer of images that are on the The input fluorescent screen of the image intensifier tubes is prevented from being applied to the output fluorescent screen of these tubes and that the image intensifier tubes are switched on to enable electron conduction, if the associated X-ray tubes for X-rays are switched on.

Another sweck of the invention is to create a new and improved x-ray apparatus working in two planes, in which the image intensifier tubes are electronic Shutters and work as an image intensifier and alternately and opposite the activation of the corresponding X-ray tubes are delayed so that their Function corresponds exactly to the activation of the X-ray tubes.

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Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved x-ray apparatus operating in two planes, in which the image intensifier tubes work as electronic shutters, which are dependent on successive switch-on states a single switching device can be opened and closed alternately.

Further purposes and a better understanding of the invention are apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In these shows

1 shows, in a box diagram, the device according to the invention for switching on the X-ray tubes and for controlling the Locking functions,

Figure 2 shows in more detail a circuit for feeding an X-ray tube in the Syatem of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a device for setting the Number of passes and the irradiation time,

Fig. 4 is a front view of a control panel of the device of Figs

FIG. 5 shows in more detail a circuit diagram for FIG. 1,

According to FIG. 1, an X-ray apparatus operating in two planes has an X-ray tube system 22 for images from the front

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and a side X-ray tube system 23.

The two X-ray tube systems 22, 23 are essentially identical. Identical parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in both, with an "A" being added for the AP system 22 and an ^M L "for the lateral system 23.

The circuitry of the AP and side tubes are identical. They each have an X-ray tube 25A or 251 *, that of the same Voltage source "e" can be fed via voltage control circuits 26A, 26L. These circles determine the ones attached to the X-ray tubes applied voltages. Furthermore, the circuits comprise electronic switches 27A, 27L, which activate the Control x-ray tubes, and high-voltage transformer and -Rectifier circuits 28A, 28L, which raise the voltage levels and rectify the voltages, so that the X-ray tubes DC voltages in the kilovolt range are applied. The details of both X-ray tube circuits are taken from in Fig. 2 shown circuit for an X-ray tube. The various parts of the x-ray tube circuit are shown in FIG only denoted by reference numerals, it being understood that the same parts are additionally denoted by the letter A or * L if they are considered in connection with the AP or the side system. For example, the in 2, the X-ray tube labeled 25 as an AP X-ray tube, the reference symbol 25A and as a lateral X-ray tube, the reference symbol 25L.

The voltage control circuit 26 has an autotransformer 29, its input terminals to the AC voltage source "e" and

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its output voltage terminals 30, 31 to a primary winding

32 of a cooking voltage transformer in the transformer and Rectifier circuit 28 are connected. The secondary winding 34 of the high-voltage transformer 33 is via conductor 36, 37 connected to the input side of a full wave rectifier 35. The output terminals of the full wave rectifier bridge 35 are connected to the anode and cathode of the X-ray tube 25 via conductors 38, 39. In the electronic switch 27 are Thyratron tubes 40, 41 arranged in counter-parallel connection between the primary winding 32 of the high-voltage transformer

33 and the secondary terminal 31 of the autotransformer 29 are arranged are. As will be explained below, the electronic switch 27 controls the conductivity of the thyratron tubes 40, 41 and they control the supply of the X-ray tube 25 from the voltage source "e".

According to FIG. 1, the X-ray tubes 25A and 25L are arranged in such a way that the beam paths of their X-rays impinge on an object 46, for example a human body, at right angles to one another. The X-rays from the X-ray tube 25A are incident on the object 46 so that an image from the front is obtained. The X-rays from the X-ray tube 251 are incident on the object 46 so that a side X-ray photograph is obtained.

The X-ray systems 22, 23 each have an image intensifier tube 47a, 47L, and a film camera 48A, 48L, their Lenses on the output fluorescent screens of the corresponding

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Image intensifiers 47A, 47L are in focus and connected to them in a light-tight manner. The picture tube 47A and the film camera 48A are aligned with the path of the X-rays coming from the X-ray tube 25A and are on the opposite side Side of the object 46 arranged like the X-ray tube 25A. The image intensifier tube 47L and the film camera 48L are also aligned the optical path of the X-rays coming from the X-ray tube 25L and are on the opposite side of the object 46 arranged like the side X-ray tube 25L. The side x-ray system is perpendicular to the AP x-ray system arranged. The input phosphor screen of the kinescope 47A receives primary x-ray radiation from the output of the x-ray tube 25A and secondary radiation from the exit of the x-ray tube 25L. The input screen of the image intensifier tube 47L receives primary radiation from the X-ray tube 25L and something Secondary radiation from the x-ray tube 25A. The image intensifier tubes amplify those from their input fluorescent screens received images and generate the enhanced images on their output luminescent screens. As explained below, the image intensifier tubes 47A, 47L are controlled so that they also function as electronic shutters for the film cameras 48A, 48L work. The film cameras 48A, 48L are not provided with the usual camera shutters.

The electronic switches 27A, 27L are closed by control signals which come from a multivibrator 54A or 54L and thus the corresponding X-ray tubes switched on. The function of the multivibrators 54A, 54L is performed by a circuit

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to regulate the number of passes and the irradiation time via lines 55A, 55L. This circuit 58 for regulating the The number of passes and the irradiation time also controls the function of the picture tubes 47A and 47L and the cameras 48A, 48L synchronously the supply of the X-ray tubes via a control circuit 60 for the shutter functions and cameras. The input of the circuit 6p is through a conductor 61 to the circuit 58 for Control of number of passes and exposure time, and the outputs of circuit 60 are through conductors 62A, 62L with the image intensifier tubes 47A, 47L and connected to cameras 48A, 48L by conductors 63A, 63L.

The circuit 58 for regulating the number of passes and the irradiation time alternately sends control signals via conductors 55A, 55L to the multivibrators 54A, 54L, so that the electronic switches 27A, 27L are alternately closed and the X-ray tubes 2 ^ A, 25L and the Arrange for AP and side recordings to be carried out. The circuit 58 also outputs a control signal via the conductor 61 to the circuit 60 for controlling the shutter functions and the cameras for each control signal outputted to the multivibrators 54A, 54L . The length and frequency of these control signals is determined by a setting of the circuit. 58 to a certain irradiation time • and number of courses on a control panel 230 (Fig. 4).

The control circuit 60 for the shutter functions and cameras has an amplifier circuit 70, the input of which is connected to conductor 61 and both outputs of which via conductor 72,

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connected to one input each of a high-voltage flip-flop 71 are. Two outputs of the flip-flop 71 are connected to the image intensifier tubes 47A, 47L by the conductors 62A, 62L. the Outputs of amplifiers 70 are also connected through conductors 74A, 74L to the inputs of trip circuits 75A, 75L for the camera couplings tied together. The outputs of the trip circuits 75A, 75L are through the conductors 63A, 63L with the couplings of the film cameras 48A, 48L connected.

The amplifier 70 provides an output signal to the control conductor when the signal voltage on the conductor 61 exceeds a predetermined level and to the conductor 73 when the signal voltage on the conductor 61 falls below this predetermined level. By an output signal of the amplifier 70 in the conductor 72, the high voltage flip-flop is switched 71, whereby the lateral image tube on and the AP-picture tube is switched off, and the trip circuit is made for the coupling of the camera 48L, in this after completion of the output signal of the amplifier 70 to output a film transport signal. An output signal which the amplifier 70 sends to the conductor 72 switches the flip-flop 71 so that the side picture tube is switched on and the AP picture tube is switched off and the trigger circuit for the camera 48L causes a film transport signal to be sent to this camera after the control signal has been terminated submit. The circuit 60 for the shutter control thus causes the kinescope 47A and the camera 48A to be switched on on the basis of a control signal in the line 61 and then the kinescope 47L and the side camera 48L to be switched on on the basis of the next control signal

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in conductor 61, The first of these control signals in conductor 61 corresponds to a control signal sent to multivibrator 54A is delivered. The next control signal in the line 61 corresponds to a control signal which is sent to the multivibrator 54L is delivered. The picture tubes 47A and 47L are therefore operated synchronously with the function of the electronic switches 27A, 27L, so that the shutter opening function of the AP picture tube is initiated and an image is formed on the output phosphor screen when the AP X-ray tube is turned on, and that the shutter opening function of the side picture tube and an image is generated on its output luminescent screen when the side X-ray tube is switched on. The circuit 60 for controlling the shutter functions and cameras also operates alternately actuation of the film transport devices of the film cameras 48A, 48L after the corresponding ones have been switched off Image intensifier tubes so that the film is then moved into position for the next frame and an unexposed area of the film brought into the beam path of the camera for the next exposure will.

According to FIG. 2, the multivibrators 54A, 54L are each a conventional ^: astable multivibrator which generates a high-frequency voltage when the voltage on the conductor 55A or 55L is above a predetermined level. The high-frequency voltage is rectified by rectifier bridges 98, 99 (FIG. 3). The output DC voltages are applied to diodes 104, 105 via the conductors 100-1Ö3 in order to block them, so that the thyratron tubes 40, 41 conduct and deliver current to the transformer 28.

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For example, the batteries 106, 107 and the secondary windings the isolation transformers 108, 109 to the control grid of the tubes 40, 41 applied bias voltages that correspond to the Frequency of the voltage source "e" between -90 V and +30 V vary. In the case of positive bias voltages, a current flow through the tubes 40, 41 is prevented by the diodes 104, 105, which as a result conduct the positive bias voltage, so that a voltage of -30 V from the batteries 106, 107 lies. When a keying signal is applied to the input of the multivibrators 54, their output conductors 100-103 Rectified voltages of 100 V in the specified polarity are applied to the resistors 110, 111, so that the diodes 104, 105 are blocked. This removes the limitation, so that the tubes 40, 41 alternate with the mains frequency are ignited and apply the operating voltage to the transformer 28.

The rectifier circuit 35 has four rectifier tubes 121-124 which are arranged in a bridge circuit. The supply of the cathode of the tubes 121, 124 and thus the current flow through these tubes is controlled by switches 125, 126, define the isolation transformers 129-132 to the voltage source "e ^n. If one of the two switches 125 and 126 open and the other closed so that only one set of the rectifier tubes conducts, a one-way rectified voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 25, which gates the X-ray tube 50 times per second

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achieved by blocking different sets of rectifier tubes in the AP and in the side system, so that one X-ray tube is switched on and the other is switched off.

According to FIG. 3, the circuit has 58 for setting the number of gears and the irradiation time a counting circuit 200 with a Input conductor 201 connecting a phase shifter circuit 202 to the AC voltage source "e". The phase shift circuit 202 has a phase-shifting element 203 which shifts its output phase with respect to its input phase. Of the The output of the phase shifter circuit 202 is connected by a conductor 204 to the input of a Schmitt trigger 205 of the usual type, the one applied via conductor 204 to its input Converts sine waves into square pulses that appear in its output conductors 206, 207. A suitable step toggle switch has two transistors, not shown, which are arranged in a conventional bistable positive feedback circuit. The first exit the Schmitt trigger 205 is formed by the collector of one transistor. This exit is to conductor 206 connected and generates a positive square pulse during the negative half cycle of a sinusoidal wave that is on the input conductor 204 is applied. The second output of the Schmitt trigger 205 is the collector of the second transistor and generates a positive square pulse during the posi-. tive half-cycle of the applied to input conductor 204 Sine wave. The two output conductors 20f, 207 of the Schmitt trigger are each connected to a line frequency selection conductor 208, 209

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connected. When the mains voltage is applied to the input of the Schmitt trigger, appear in the two conductors 208, 209 alternately 50 positive square-wave pulses per second.

The second output of the Schmitt trigger is through a conductor 210 205 is connected to the input of the first of three flip-flops 211-213, which together form a counter. The second Outputs of flip-flops 211, 212 are connected by conductors 214 to the inputs of flip-flops 212, 213. The flip-flops 211-213 are common, bistable multivibrators with no positive control diodes shown, which are arranged in the shown T-circuit with base triggering (base triggering) are. One output is taken from the collectors of two transistors (not shown) of each flip-flop. In the ladders 210, 214 and 215 suitable differentiators, not shown, are arranged, which the square-wave output pulses of the Schmitt triggers and the flip-flops 211, 212 convert into positive trigger pulses that are generated by the positive control diodes of the Flip-flops are passed.

In each of the two outputs of the flip-flop 211, 25 pulses per second appear, which are delivered to the f / 2 conductors 216, 217 will. In each of the two outputs of the flip-flop 212, 12.5 pulses per second appear, which are sent to the f / 4 conductors 218, 219 be delivered. 6.25 pulses per second appear in the outputs of the flip-flop 213, which are sent to the f / 8-conductor 220, be delivered. From the outputs of the Schmitt trigger 2O5

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and Ilultivibrators 211-213 are the pulses to the conductor 208, 209 and 216-221 are applied as long as the mains voltage is applied to the input conductor 201.

The scanned output conductors 208, 209 and 216-221 are connected to the device 230 for setting the number of turns and the irradiation time, the front plate of which is shown in FIG. The front plate of the direction 230 is provided with a pointer 231 which can be set to different positions ak, which are each determined by a connecting part. Each of these positions corresponds to a different combination of a number of turns and an exposure time, the number of turns being expressed by the number of film frames exposed per second and the exposure time per frame by the number of oscillations of the mains voltage "e" per frame. The positions ag are intended for motion picture mode, in which the system runs continuously and takes pictures with the selected number of passes, with the irradiation time per picture being the same. When the pointer 231 for example, is in the position "a" on the far left, the AP and lateral ^are: Liehe recordings made with a passage number of 50 frames per second, and the irradiation time of a half period of the mains frequency, or 1/100 second. Positions b and c correspond to a rate of 25 frames per second. The irradiation time is one period in position b and one half period in position c. The positions d and 'e correspond to a rate of 12.5 frames per second. The irradiation time is two periods in the d position, per MId and in the e position one half period per image. By turning the

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Pointer 231 to the position f or g is obtained a passage number of 6 _r 25 frames per second. The irradiation time is four periods per image in the f position and one half period per image in the g position. Image.

The positions h-k enable single image operation of the X-ray apparatus with different exposure times. The pointer 231 is rotated into one of the positions h-k if an AP picture and a side picture are taken one after the other should be, each of these recording sequences is introduced separately. The exposure times are in the h position a half-period, in position i one period, in position j two periods and in position k four periods.

According to FIG. 3, the device 230 for selecting the number of gears and the irradiation time has six selection switches 23Oa-23Of. Everyone Selector switch 23Oa-23Of has connecting parts a-k, which are in their position the connection parts a-k on the front plate of the device 230 correspond. The selector switches 23Oa-23Of have movable ones Contacts 231a-231f which are coupled to each other and to pointer 231 as indicated by dashed lines 232. indicates is. By setting the pointer 231 to one of the positions a-k, the movable contacts 231-231c open the corresponding connector of each of the switches 23Oa-23Of emotional.

The three selector switches shown on the left of the drawing 23Oa-23Oe are used to select the number of corridors and the irradiation

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Time for the AP X-ray system 22. The three switches 23Od-23Of on the right-hand side of the drawing are used to select the number of corridors and the irradiation time for the lateral X-ray system 23

The first switch 230a, 230d of each group of switches for AP or side recordings is a push-button for generation of Auftastsigneln the closing of the electronic switches 27A, 27L for switching on the X-ray tubes and the Shutter opening function of the picture tubes 47A, 47L initiates, so that an image is output to the cameras. The second switch 23Ob, 23Oe each group of switches for AP or side shots is an exposure ^ -Austastschalter and is used for Closing the shutter and thus determines the time during which the electronic shutter remains open. At the end of this Exposure time, the switches 23Ob, 23Oe generate a signal to close the shutter. Or the third switch 23Oc resp. 23Of each group of switches for AP or side exposures is an exposure blanking switch and determines the time during which the electronic switches are closed and the X-ray tubes remain switched on. At the end of the exposure time set with the pointer 231, the switches generate 23Oc, 23Of a signal to terminate the irradiation.

The movable contacts 231a-231f are each connected to a stationary contact 235a-235f of an operating mode selector switch, represented by dashed lines 236 and

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a choice of the operating mode "optical viewing and television" enables. The operating mode selector switch 236 has fixed contacts 237a-237f, which are connected to the connection parts a of the selector switches 23Oa-23Of and the movable contacts 238a-233f are connected. Contacts 238a-233f are in common in an optical position Movable viewing and television, in which they attack the fixed contacts 237a-237f, and in a position for filming, in which they attack the fixed contacts 235a-235f.

The terminals a-k of the switches 23Oa-23Of are keyed with the Output conductors 208, 209, 216-221 connected by the Schmitt trigger 205 and the flip-flops 211-213 come. In this way, the number of passes and the irradiation time are shown on the front panel in FIG set. The terminals a of the switch 23Oa, 23Od assigned to the number of gears 50 are received from the second Output of Schmitt trigger 205 via conductor 209 fifty square pulses per second. Those assigned to the number of gears 50 Terminals a of the exposure switch-off switches 23Ob, 23Oe received from the first output terminal of the Schmitt trigger 50 square-wave pulses and are therefore with respect to the pulses, which are fed to the terminals a of the on-switch 230a, 230d, by a half period out of phase.

The terminals b and c of the exposure blanking switch 23Oa and of the exposure blanking switch 23Oe assigned to the number of gears 25 receive 25 square-wave pulses per second from the first output of the flip-flop 211. The terminals b and c of the exposure blanking switch 23Ob and the exposure blanking switch 23Od assigned to the number of gears 25

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receive 25 square pulses per second from the second output of the flip-flop 211. The number of gears 12.5 for filming associated terminals d and e and the terminals h, i and j of the push-button switch 23Oa and des provided for single image recordings Exposure blanking switches 23Oe receive 12.5 square-wave pulses per second from the first output of flip-flop 212. The corresponding Clamps of the exposure blanking switch 23Ob and the latching switch 23Od receive 12.5 pulses per second from the second output of the flip-flop 212 via the conductor 219. The terminals f, g and the for Single image recordings with an exposure time of four periods, provided terminals k of the push-button switch 230a and the exposure blanking switch 23Oe receive 6.25 square-wave pulses per second from the first output of flip-flop 213. The corresponding Clamps of the lighting blanking switch 23Ob and the latching switch 23Od receive 6.25 pulses per second from the 2nd output of flip-flop 213.

The irradiation blanking switches 23Oc, 23Of have terminals a · for an irradiation of one half cycle. These terminals are connected by a normally open gate 234A or 234L ■ and the conductor 209 to the second output of the Schmitt trigger 205, so that the terminals a via the normally open gates 234A, 234L radiation * deactivation pulses at intervals of each received a half-period. The control inputs of gates 234A, 234L are connected by conductors 233A and 233L to the control inputs of normally closed gates 241A, 241L.

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The terminal b of the exposure blanking switch 23Oc, which is provided for an exposure of one period, is connected by the conductor to the second output of the flip-flop 211 for 25 pulses per second. The corresponding terminal b of the radiation blanking switch 230f is connected by the conductor 216 to the first input of the flip-flop 211. These terminals b thus receive radiation blanking pulses in antiphase at intervals of one period each. The terminals c, e, g and h provided for an irradiation time of one half period and the terminal i of the irradiation blanking switches 23Oc _r 23Of are connected to the second output of the Schmitt trigger 205 and receive irradiation blanking pulses at intervals of half a period.

The terminals d and j of the exposure blanking switch 23Oc provided for an exposure time of two periods are obtained from the second output of flip-flop 212 via conductor 219 radiation blanking pulses at two-period intervals. The corresponding terminals of the exposure blanking switch 23Of receive from the first output of the flip-flop 212 exposure-off pulse pulses at intervals of two periods. The clamps intended for an irradiation time of four periods f and k of switch 23Oc receive from the second output of flip-flop 213 pulses at intervals of four periods. the corresponding terminals f and k of the exposure blanking switch provided for an exposure time of four periods 23Of received from the first output of the flip-flop 213 at intervals of four periods pulses which are opposite to the

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The pulses applied to terminals £ and k of the switch 23Oc *

If you bring the pointer 231 into one of the positions a-k, for example to position d for an irradiation time of two periods, control pulses appear in conductors 252A, 252L at time intervals that correspond to the selected exposure time, which is two periods in the given example * The in Radiation blanking pulses appearing on conductor 252L are always out of phase with the signal pulses in conductor 252A, except when the pointer 231 is in position a. In this case the signal pulses are in the conductors 252A, 252L in phase.

When the selector switches 23Oa-23Of are set by the pointer 231 to a A certain number of gears have been set, an exposure up follows tactile signal appearing ^ n 'to conductor 24Oa coming from comes on switch 23Oa, an exposure blanking signal on conductor 246A. This signal is opposite to the signal in delayed the conductor 240 by an amount which corresponds to the selected number of gears. For example, if the pointer 231 is in one of the positions d, e for the number of gears 12.5 follows the keying signal in the conductor 240a two periods later an exposure blanking signal on conductor 246A.

The same applies to that part of the selection device 230 which is assigned to the lateral recordings. A gating signal appearing on conductor 24OL and the electronic

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The switch closes and the electronic shutter (picture tube 47L) opens, followed by an exposure blanking signal in the conductor 246L at a time interval that corresponds to the desired number of gears.

If one of the positions b-k is selected, a gate signal follows in conductor 24OA a gating signal in conductor 24OL with the same delay * For example, in the case of the number of gears 12.5 the gating signal in conductor 24OL is the gating signal in conductor 240A two periods apart. When the AP recording controller has its electronic switch 27A closes so that the X-ray tube 25A is turned on and the shutter opening function The AP picture tube is initiated and this tube receives radiation from the X-ray tube, opens the control for side shots their electronic switch 27L and thereby closes its electronic shutter. When the side view controller closes its electronic switch 27L, thereby closing the shutter opening function initiates, the AP recording controller closes its electronic shutter and opens its electronic switch.

The conductors 24OA, 24OL connect the movable contacts 238a, 238d to the inputs of normally closed gates 241A, 241L, The outputs of the gates 241A, 241L are through conductors 242A, 242L to the first input of each of the flip-flops 243A ₁ 243L for exposure control tied together. The control inputs of the gates 24IA, 241L are through holding gates 244A, 244L and pedal-controlled normally open contact switches 245A, 245L for

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Initiate AP and Side Shots to a Power Source E. connectable.

The holding gates 244A ₁ 244L have relay normally closed contacts 223A, 223L which are connected in series with the pedal switches 245A, 245L and the control inputs of the gates 241A, 241L. The control relay windings 244A, 244L are above the pedal switches. 245A, 245L with voltage sources E and via controlled rectifier 225A ₁ . 225L connected to earth. The control electrode of said controlled rectifier 225A _r 225L are connected through conductors 255A, 255L and frame selector switch 256A, 256L to the first outputs of the flip flops 25IA, 25IL for exposure control.

The second inputs of the flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control are connected by conductors 246A, 246L to the movable contacts 238b, 238e of the exposure blanking switches 23Ob, 23Oe. The two outputs of the flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control are connected to the inputs of an OR gate 249 by conductors 247A, 247L, 248A, 248L. The .Leiter, 25OA, 25OL connecting the second outputs of the flip-flops 243A _f 243 L for exposure to the first inputs of flip-flops 251A, 2SlL for exposure control. The second inputs of the flip-flops 251A, 251L for irradiation control are connected by conductors 252A, 252L to the movable contacts 238c, 238f of the irradiation blanking switches 23Oc, 23Of. The second outputs of the flip-flops 251A _r 251L for the irradiation control are connected by conductors 55A, 55L to the inputs of the multivibrators 54A, 54L.

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The output of the OR gate 249 is through a conductor 257 connected to the input of a monostable multivibrator 258. This serves to delay one in its output conductor 259 appearing signal as a function of a signal which is deposited via the conductor 257 to the input of the circuit 258 will. This delay compensates for the fact that the high voltage conversion system is slower than the shutter control. As a result of this delay, the electronic shutters will opened exactly at the point in time when the corresponding X-ray tubes are switched on. The setting of the The locking function is delayed by a schematically indicated setting element 259.

The output of the flip-flop -258 is optionally with one of the two normally closed gates 263, 264 connected to one of the two inputs of a final output flip-flop 262. The control inputs of the normally closed Gates 263, 262 are through conductors 265, 266 to the movable contacts 238a, 238b of the on switch 230 and the exposure off push button switch 23Ob connected. Gate 263 is through opens a control pulse in conductor 240A and allows trigger pulses only to the first input of the final output flip-flop 262 when a control signal appears on conductor 240A. Gate 264 is activated by a control pulse on conductor 246A opens and passes control pulses to the second input of final output flip-flop 262 only when on conductor 264A a control signal appears. The output of the final output flip-flop 262 is through the control conductor 61 to the circuit 260 for

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Control of the shutter functions and cameras connected. When the gate 263 is at the first input of the final output flip-flop 262 applies an input pulse, it becomes the final output flip-flop. is switched so that it applies the conductor 61 to a source of a predetermined negative voltage. When gate 264 has an input pulse is applied to the second input of the final output flip-flop 262, the flip-flop goes into its other stable state switched, in which there is a zero voltage on the conductor 61, which is higher than the predetermined negative voltage *

Referring to Fig. 1, the image intensifier tubes 47A, 47L have photocathodes 301A, 301L, focusing elements 3O2A, 3O2L, and anodes 3O3A, 3O3L. The image intensifier tubes used are preferably those manufactured by the Rauland Company under the designation R-6175. In these picture tubes, the photocathode layer is a layer on the inside of an input window, a further sensitive to X-rays, light-generating input fluorescent screen has. The anode is formed by the output phosphor screen. On the inside of the piston of the picture tube there is a coating which serves as a focusing element 302. The image intensifier tubes 47A, 47L are insulated from earth. The coatings represented by the focusing electrodes 3Q2A, 3O2L on the pistons of the picture tubes are connected to the taps on potentiometers 3O5A, 3O5L for controlling the focusing. The anodes 303A, 303A are connected to power sources of +33 kV. The potential

meters 3O5A, 3O5L are connected to power sources of +680 V, so that a voltage of about + 60O V at the focusing electrodes

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against earth. The photocathodes 3OlA, 301L are connected to the ground point 306 connected via conductors 3O7A, 3O7L and diodes 3O8A, 3O8L > whose anodes are connected to the grounding point 306. the Output conductors 62A, 62L of the high voltage flip-flop 71 are with between conductors 3O7A, 3O7L at voltage points 3O9A, 3O9L the photocathodes 301A, 301L and the diodes 308A, 308L connected.

The switching amplifier 70 has a double triode tube with two triode parts 318, 319. The anodes of the triode parts 318, 319 are connected to the conductors 72, 73. The control grid of the triode part 318 is connected to the input control conductor 61 via a resistor 320. The cathode of this part is grounded. The control grid of the triode part 319 is connected to a voltage of -10 V via a resistor 321. The cathode of part 319 is directly connected to control conductor 61. The triode parts 318, 319 are arranged such that the triode part 318 is conductive and effectively grounds the conductor 72 and the triode part 319 is blocked when the voltage on the control conductor 61 is essentially zero. If, on the other hand, there is a predetermined minus voltage across the conductor 61, the triode part 318 is blocked and the triode part 319 is conductive, so that the conductor 73 is effectively grounded. If one of the conductors 72, 73 is grounded, the voltage excursions on this conductor are in the negative range. These deflections are converted by the capacitors 313, 314 into negative triggering pulses for actuating the high-voltage flip-flop 71.

Daa high-voltage filler 71 has two high-voltage power tubes 311, 312, for example tubes No. 6293. The tubes 311, 312

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emit square-wave pulses of, for example, 1300 V, which are so strong are that they retain their shape even when transmitted through a cable of the order of 1 meter or more * This cable connects the control circuit 60 to the image intensifier tubes 47A, 47L.

The Ilochspanmmgsröhren 311, 312 are in a conventional. Flip-flop circuit arranged as shown in the drawing. If one conducts a high-voltage tube, the other is blocked. If there is a negative on conductor 72 coming from amplifier 70 Voltage excursion occurs, the capacitor 313 emits a trigger pulse which makes the tube 312 conductive and the tube 311 blocks. If there is a negative voltage excursion in the conductor 73 occurs, the capacitor 314 emits a negative trigger pulse, which makes the voltage tube 311 conductive and the tension tube 312 blocks.

The anodes of the high voltage tubes 311, 312 are used as outputs of the flip-flop 71 is connected to the voltage points 3O9A, 3O9L. At each voltage point 3O9A, 3O9L there is a voltage of about +1300 V, if the high-voltage tube of the Flip-flops 71 is locked. If the voltage at a voltage point is +1300 V, the associated photocathode is connected to the High-voltage tube has a much higher positive voltage than at the focusing electrode and the image intensifier tube is blocked, so that there are no electrons from their photocathode to theirs Move anode. As a result of a positive potential at voltage points 3O9A, 309L, a

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Reverse bias applied so that these diodes are blocked and at the photocathodes the voltage of +1300 V compared to the Ground point 306 is maintained. If a high-voltage tube of the flip-flop 71 is conductive, it is connected to the corresponding one Voltage point 3O9A or 3O9L a negative voltage, so that Forward bias to the associated diode 3O8A or 3O8L is placed. The forward bias diode applies its photocathode to ground. Now it's up to the photocathode substantially the same voltage as the focusing electrode so that electrodes migrate to the anode. The image intensifier tube is switched on and the electronic shutter it forms is open. When a picture tube is switched on is, the voltage of 33 kV between its cathode and its anode accelerates and amplifies the moving electrons thereby the image on the output screen. For image enhancement Acceleration rings or electrons are expediently provided.

The clutch release circuits 75A and 75L for the cameras 48A and 48L are identical, so that only the effective parts of the AP camera and the trip circuit assigned to its coupling are shown schematically in FIG. 5. Every film camera is a suitable one, clutch operated camera which is similar to a normal film camera but does not have a shutter. A suitable one Camera is a clutch operated camera sold by Giannini Scientific Corporation under the name "Fight Research Single Frame Camera ". This camera has a motor 32OA with a set of two-pole windings 321A,

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a set of quadrupole windings 322A, a rotor 336A, and an output shaft 337A. The windings 321A, 322A are connected via conductors 323A, 324A and contacts 326A, 327A of a gear selection relay 328A powered by voltage source "e". The relay 328A has a winding 329A, which by the closing of a Selector switch 33OA for the number of gears 50 is fed from the voltage source "e". The selector switch 33OA is operated by the selector switch 230 closed when the pointer 231 is in position a, which corresponds to the number of gears 50. In their normal position, the contacts 326A, 327A are closed and connect them through the conductors 331A, 332A one of the two-pole windings 321A directly and the other two-pole winding via a phase division capacitor 333A with the voltage source "e". The two-pole windings are fed so that the rotor 336A and the output shaft Rotate 337A at 3000 RPM when the power source "e" is turned on by a main switch not shown. By closing switch 33OA, the Coil 329A generates a current flow so that the contacts 326A, 327A are moved and connect the conductors 334A, 335A to the lead 324A. This becomes one of the four-pole windings 322A directly and the other four-pole winding connected to the voltage source "e" via the phase division capacitor 333A. at When a current flows through the four-pole windings, the rotor 336A and the output shaft 337A of the camera rotate at 1500 rpm.

The output shaft 337A of the rotor 336A is connected to one part of the clutch 338A. The other part of the clutch 338A is connected to a drive shaft 339A for film transport.

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When the motor shaft 337A rotates, it takes the shaft 339A because the clutch is engaged. The i.'elle 339Λ drives in Film transport wheel 34OA that transports a film 341A. From the shaft 339A, a frame stop 342 protrudes, the so is arranged to engage a locking member 343A as the shaft 339A rotates.

When the stop 342A engages the locking member 343A, rotation of the shaft 339A is prevented because the coupling 338Λ slips while the rotor shaft 337A continues to move. When the locking member 343A is withdrawn against the action of a loading spring (not shown) by means of a spool 35OA, the film transport shaft 339A can continue to rotate and transport the film 341A. One revolution of the shaft 339A corresponds to one frame of the film 34IA.

The current flow in the coil is controlled by the 35OA Kupplungsauslöse- circuit 75A, a normally closed contact of the relay 352A 35OA and a normally open contact 353A, which is controlled by a control relay coil 354A. To close the contact 353A, the coil 354A is connected to the voltage source "e" by closing a second contact 245A ^{1 of the pedal switch (FIG. 2).} The normally closed contact 352A is opened when the coil 35OA is switched on, whereupon the supply circuit is interrupted. The feed circuit for the pull-in coil 35OA is closed when a forward bias is applied to a thyratron tube 36OA of the clutch trip circuit 75A. Typically, conductor 374 in the circuit shown applies one to the thyratron tube

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negative reverse bias on. A positive occurs in the '75A conductor Voltage excursion when the triode part 318 is blocked will. This positive voltage swing is integrated by capacitor 363A. The trigger pulse thus generated sets forward bias to thyratron tube 360A so that conductors 63A and 355A effectively to the directional voltage source "e" can be connected.

When a current flows through the relay coil 350A, the blocking element is 343 is retracted to allow shaft 339A to rotate and advance the film. By moving the anchor of the relay 35OA, the normally closed contact 353A is also opened, so that the feed circuit of the coil 35OA is interrupted. Under the Influence of a loading spring, not shown, the locking member 343A returns to its operative position in which it is on the Stop 342A engages when it has made one revolution so that shaft 339A only transports the film one frame can. As a result, each time a trigger pulse is applied to the clutch trigger circuit 75A via conductor 74A: is provided, film for a picture.

If the number of flights is 50 or 25, continuous transport of the film 341A is required. The contact 352A is the work number contacts 357A and 358A connected in parallel. When these are closed so that they bypass contact 352A / becomes the Maintain energization of the engagement coil 35OA. As a result, shaft 339A rotates freely at 1500 or 3000 rpm and the film is transported at 25 or 50 frames per second.

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156U96

Contact 357A closes when current flows through coil 329 of relay 328A for the number of gears 50. Contact 358A closes when current flows through coil 359A, which is connected to voltage source "e" by closing switch 361A. The switches 33OA, 36IA for selecting the number of gears are operated by the pointer 231 (FIG. 3). The switch 33OA is closed when the pointer is in position a for the number of 50 gears. The switch 361A is closed when the pointer 231 is in position b or e for the number of gears 25.

Operation with the number of gears 50

The X-ray apparatus is set to operate in two levels with the number of gears 50 with irradiation times of half a period by moving the pointer 231 on the front plate 230 (FIG. 4) to position a. Selector switch 236 is moved to the motion picture position so that contacts 238a-238f engage fixed contacts 235a-235f. By moving the pointer 231 into position a, the selector switches 33OA and 33OL (FIG. 5) for the number of gears 50 are closed. Furthermore, the rectifier bridge switch 125 of the supply circuit for ax AP X-ray tubes and the bridge switch 126 in the supply circuit for the lateral X-ray tube are opened. By closing suitable main switches (not shown), the current sources "e" and E are switched on. The Kaitierar.iotoren rotate the output shafts 337A, 337L with 3000 rpm. The stops 342A, 342L engage the locking members 343A, 343L so that the film transport shafts 339A, 339L stand still. 9 0 9 8 3 5/0843, - _QF ^ \ H ^

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To initiate the X-ray exposures, the pedal switches 245A, 245L are closed so that the gates 241A, 241L are opened and gates 234A, 234L are closed. The next trigger pulse in the conductors 207, 209 is "via the movable contacts 231a, 231d, the contacts 235a, 235d, 238a, 238d, the Conductors 24OA, 24OL and the now open gates 241A, 24IL applied to the first input of the flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control.

When the gating signals are applied to the first inputs of the flip-flops 243A, 243L for the exposure control appear at the second outputs of these flip-flops output signals which are sent to the inputs of the OR gate 249 and the first inputs of the flip-flops 251A, 251L for controlling the exposure time are applied.

Because the output signals from conductors -248A, 248L are simultaneous are applied to the OR gate 249, this transfers its output conductor 257 from an output signal to the input of the monostable multivibrator 258. This monostable multivibrator 258 delays this signal and outputs a corresponding, delayed signal via conductor 249 to the input the normally closed gates 263, 264. Since at the same time via the conductors 265, 24OA a keying signal to the control input of the gate 263 is applied, this is open. The output of gate 263 is applied to the second input of the final output flip-flop 262 is applied, which then the Voltage level of the conductor 61 from a negative potential

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raises to zero potential. As a result of the rise in voltage on conductor '61, triode portion 318 of amplifier 70 becomes (Fig. 5) conductive, so that a negative voltage excursion occurs on the conductor 72, which causes in the high-voltage flip-flop 71 the high-voltage tube 312 blocked and the high-voltage tube 311 becomes conductive. As a result of the current flowing through the high voltage tube 311, the photocathode becomes the AP picture tube 47A grounded and this tube therefore conductive.

The gating pulses from conductors 25OA, 25OL to the first Inputs of the flip-flops 251A, 251L are applied to control the irradiation time, result in a key signal at the second outputs of the flip-flops 251A, 251L, which is transmitted via the conductors 55A, 55L is applied to the multivibrators 54A, 54L so that the thyratron tubes 40, 41 of the electronic switches 27A, 27L connect the appropriate transformer 28 to the voltage source "e". Since in the rectifier bridges 35A, 35L of the two Systems only conduct two rectifier tubes, only a one-way rectified voltage is applied to the X-ray tubes 25A, 25L created. The X-ray tube 25A becomes "e" during the positive half-waves, and the X-ray tube 25L fed during the negative half-waves of the voltage source "e". Therefore, the AP and the side X-ray tubes are fed alternately as long as the flip-flops 251A, 251L are switched on Irradiation control emit a signal at their first output and therefore the electronic switches 27A, 27L are closed are.

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When the foot switches 245A, 245L were closed, a positive half-wave of the mains voltage "e ^{! L of} the line 201 derived a Pvechteckirapulse, which was applied to the conductor 207, 209. A negative half-wave of the mains voltage" e "was triggered by the Schmitt trigger A square-wave pulse is derived and applied via the conductors 206, 208, the contacts 237b, 237e, 238b, 238e and the conductors 246A, 246L to the second inputs of the flip-flops 243A, 243L for the exposure control Conductor 247A, 247L simultaneously to both inputs of the OR gate 249. This control signal is applied to the inputs of the gates 263, 264 after a delay by a monostable multivibrator 258. As a result of the signal in the conductors 26S, 246, the gate 264 is now open so that an input signal is applied to the second input of final output flip-flop 262. This lowers the voltage on conductor 61 which leads to amplifier 70 . As a result of this reduction in voltage, the triode part 318 in the amplifier 70 is blocked and the triode part 319 is conductive. As a result, the high voltage tube 311 is blocked and the high voltage tube 312 is conductive, the image intensifier tube 47A is blocked and the image intensifier tube 47L is conductive. When the triode part 318 in the amplifier: 70 is blocked, a positive trigger pulse is applied to the control grid of the thyration tube 36OA in the clutch release circuit 75A, so that the engagement coil 35OA is switched on and the stop 342A is released. The film transport shaft 339A now moves the film 341A by means of the magnetic coupling 33OA.

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By closing switch 33OA and allowing current to flow through coil 329A closes contact 357A, so that the current flow through the engagement coil 35OA and the film transport continues by means of the shaft 339A until the switch 33OA is opened or the voltage source "e" for the motor is switched off, for example when switching off the entire apparatus.

Under the action of applied to conductors 233A, 233L Control voltage, the gates 234A, 234L are closed so that the irradiation blanking signal is not sent to the second inputs the flip-flops -251A, 251L for the irradiation control is passed on. Therefore, the flip-flops 251A, 251L pass a signal from their second outputs to the multivibrators 54A, 54L, which thus remain switched on and cause the X-ray tubes 25A, 25L to be continuously opened alternately will.

The next signal pulse in conductors 207, 209 goes over the push-button switches 23Oa, 23Od, the gates 241A, 241L, the Flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control, OR gate 249 and gate 263 to the first input of the final output flip-flop 262. This causes the voltage level of the conductor 61 to increase so that the AP kinescope system switched on and the side picture tube system switched off

will. The film transport of the side camera is switched on when the side picture tube is switched off and by means of of the clutch release crank 75L, a stop 342L, not shown, is released. This circle 75L is made by means of a

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not shown coil 35OL held in its release position, until the whole apparatus is switched off.

In both cameras, the film is now with the number of gears 50 advanced. The X-ray tubes are switched on alternately fifty times per second for half a period. The next square wave pulses, which are delivered one after the other to the conductors 207, - 206 by the Schmitt trigger 205, cause successively an increase and decrease in the voltage level on the conductor 61. With each increase in voltage the AP picture tube switched on and the side picture tube switched off. Whenever the voltage level in the conductor 61 is decreased the side picture tube is switched on and the AP picture tube is switched off.

The electronic switches 27A, 27L, which control the switching on of the X-ray tubes 25A, 25L, must work in such a phase relationship with the control circuit 58 for the number of gears and the exposure time that each X-ray tube is in the switched-on state when the one of the associated picture tube formed shutter is open and the other picture tube is locked. In-phase operation of the shutters with the electronic switches is essentially achieved by using the same voltage source ^w e "for both X-ray systems 22, 23. Both the control circuit 58 and the supply circuits for the X-ray tubes are supplied by the same voltage source". e "fed. To maintain

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the phase position of the control device 58 becomes the synchronism with the aid of the phase adjustment element 203 of the phase shifter circuit 202 set. With the help of the element 260, the running time of the monostable multivibrator 258 is set so that the shutter function of the image intensifier tubes compared to the Function of the electronic switches according to the delay in the conversion stages of the supply circuits for the X-ray tubes is delayed.

If a recording sequence is to be terminated by releasing the pedal circuit 245A, 245L, the gates 241A, 241L are closed so that no further gating signals can reach the first inputs of the flip-flops 243A, 243L for the exposure control. However, a signal pulse is still applied from the first output of Schmitt trigger 205 via conductors 206, 208 to the other inputs of flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control, so that the last exposure is always a lateral exposure. By releasing the pedal switches 245A, 245L, the gates 234A, 234L are opened, so that the next output pulse in the conductors 207, 209 via the contacts 231c, 231f, 235c, 235f and the conductors 252A, 252L to the second inputs of the flip-flops 25lA _f 251L for irradiation control arrives. Now the second outputs of the flip-flops 25IA, 251L for the irradiation control are blocked, which then open the electronic switches via their first outputs, so that the feed circuits for the X-ray tubes are opened after the lateral recording.

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If the contacts 238a, - 238f of the operating mode selector switch are on the contacts 237a-237 £ for optical viewing and television operation, the X-ray systems 22, 23 work for AP and lateral recordings also with the number of corridors 50 and an irradiation time of half a period. The operating mode selector switch 236 switches a television system and also switches in place of the movie cameras 48A, 48L or an optical viewer for either viewing or the fluorescent screens of the image intensifier tube 47A or 47L.

Operation with 25 gears

If you move the pointer 231 in one of the positions b and c for the number of gears 25, by closing the switch 361A, 361L the relays 359A, 359L switched on, so that the contacts 358A, 353L in the circuits for the AP and the side camera closed x ^ earth. In Fig. 5 are again only the parts shown for the AP shots, the film transport motors turn their output shafts at 1500 rpm so that the films 341A, 341L are transported with the number of aisles of 25, when the engagement coils 35QA, 35OL are on and the Release stops 342A, 342L Through the closed contacts 358A, 358L, the engagement coils 35OA, 35OL are held, so that the film transport continues after its initiation.

When the pedal switches 245A, 245L are closed, the A key signal from the conductor 217 is passed through the recording sequence

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the push-button switch 23Oa _r the contact 231a, the contacts 235a, 238a, the conductor 24OA and the gate 241A to the first input of the flip-flop 243A for the exposure control 243A. The same signal is introduced from the conductor 216 into the portion of the selector circuit 58 intended for side exposures, via the exposure blanking switch 23Oe for lateral exposures to the second input of the flip-flop 243L for exposure control for lateral exposures and through the exposure blanking switch 23Of to the second input of flip-flop 251L for exposure control. A signal is now present at the second output of the flip-flop 243A for the exposure control of AP exposures and at the first output of the flip-flop 243L for the exposure control of lateral exposures. These signals are delivered simultaneously via conductors 248A and 247L to OR gate 249, which delivers a single signal to flip-flop 258 so that a delayed signal is applied to the inputs of gates 263, 264. Since there is voltage on the conductors 265Λ, 240A, the gate 263 is open and outputs the input signal to the first input of the final output flip-flop 262, so that the voltage on the control conductor 61 is increased. The signal from the second output of flip-flop 243A for exposure control is also applied to the first input of flip-flop 251A for exposure control, so that the electronic switch 27A in the AP circuit is closed. As a result of the increase in voltage on the conductor 61, the shutter formed by the AP picture tube is opened for an AP picture.

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One period later, the Schmitt trigger 205 sends a signal to the conductor 217, which is via the exposure switch-off 23Ob to the second input of the flip-flop 243A for exposure control for AP receptions and to the first input of the Flip-flops 2431 »for exposure control of side shots is created. When the selection contacts 231a-231f are applied to the terminals, b, the radiation cut-off switch 23Oc applies the same signal coming on conductor 217 as a blanking signal to the second input of flip-flop 251A for exposure control on so that the electronic switch 27A in the AP system is opened. If, however, the contacts 231a-231f are at the terminals c, the exposure blanking switch 23Of sets a half cycle after the output of the gating signal from the on-switch 23Oa applies a control signal coming from the conductor 209 as a blanking signal to the second input of the flip-flop 251A for the irradiation control. The exposure blanking signal from the switch 23Ob and the gating signal from the switch 23Od cause the OR gate 249 to be a single Signal via gate 264 to the second input of final output flip-flop 262, because voltage on conductor 266 lies. This reduces the voltage on conductor 61, so that the side picture tube system on and off AP kinescope system is turned off. After one period, another output signal appears on conductor 216 so that the AP locking system is switched on and the side locking system is switched off. When the switch 23Of on terminal b the same signal causes the AP X-ray system to be switched on

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tube and turning off the side X-ray tube. The side The camera is also switched on and running, continuously transporting the film at 25 gears. So long the pedal switches 245A, 245L are closed, the apparatus continues to run with the shutters formed by the picture tubes are opened alternately at a frequency of 25 images per second, so that successive image fields of the films in the cameras are exposed. The electronic switches are opened 25 times per second and closed, so that the corresponding X-ray tubes synchronized with the function of the picture tubes 25 Röhtgenbestrahlungen per Perform second. By opening the switches 245A, 245L, which were used to initiate the recording sequence, it is prevented that to the flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control and the flip-flops 251A, 251L for the irradiation control a further gating signal is applied. The apparatus does then another shot from the side and then turns off.

Operation with the number of gears 12.5 or 6.25

The operation of the system with the number of gears 12.5 or 6.25 corresponds essentially the same as the operation just described with the number of turns 25, but the film transport device is running not continuously. When operating with the integer 12.5 or 6.25, the contacts 357, 358 remain open and the coils 35ΟΛ, 35OL turned off immediately after they were turned on through contacts 352A, 352L, so that the film transport shafts 339A, 339L. In operation with a speed of 6.25

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or 12.5 therefore turn the Uellen 339A, 339L on based on each the clutch trigger circuits 75A, 75L applied trigger pulse only one turn, leaving a single field of view for exposure is made available. When operating with these two numbers of speeds, a picture tube is therefore switched off every time the corresponding film is advanced one frame and then stopped.

When selecting one of the positions d or e for the number of gears 12.5 are followed by the exposure blanking signals that follow the second The slopes of the plipflops for exposure control were created to the first inputs of the flip-flops for exposure control applied gating signals with an interval of sv / ei periods. The exposure blanking signals that are sent to the Two lengthways represent flip-flops for irradiation control are applied follow the gating signals at a distance. of two half-periods in position d and of one half-period in position e. In operation with the number of gears 6.25, the exposure blanking signals follow the gating signals with an interval of four periods. The irradiation blanking signals follow the gating signals in position f with a distance of four periods and in position g with an interval of

a half period.
Single image operation

Single image recordings are obtained when switches 256A, 256L are closed. From the second outputs of the flip-flops 251A,

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251L for irradiation control is then sent to the controlled Rectifiers 225A, 225L are forward biased so that control relays 224A, 224L are turned on and Open your contacts 223A, 223L. This will make the gates' 241Ά, 241L closed, so that no gating signals get to the flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control. Contacts 223A, 223L are held open until the pedal switches are released and open. If then the Pedal switches are closed again, a bias voltage is applied to the gates 241A, 241L such that they are applied to each the flip-flops 243A, 243L for exposure control Apply another push-button. When closing the pedal switch 254A, 254L, the gates 241A, 241L are therefore first opened so that they pass on a keying pulse, whereupon these gates are closed by an irradiation blanking pulse and kept closed by the holding gates 244A, 244L, until the pedal switches are released. Therefore, only one irradiation can take place in each system.

The foregoing has been a preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail, but within the scope of the inventive concept in the details of the training and the Combination and arrangement of the parts can be changed in various ways.

Patent claims:

909835/0843 - 49 -

Claims (7)

X 1747 - 49 - Claims. / 564496 1 »X-ray apparatus with an X-ray tube for the delivery of X-rays to an object when an X-ray tube voltage source is sent through an X-ray tube control switch Voltage is applied to the X-ray tube, and an image intensifier tube for receiving an X-ray image therefrom Object at an input window and for generating an enhanced display of the image on an output window, if the image intensifier tube is switched on with the aid of an image intensifier switch, characterized in that that the X-ray tube (27} and the image intensifier tube (47) by means of a time control device (58) and switched off, which has an adjustable delay element (258) through which the image intensifier switch (311, 312) with a delay determined by the delay element (258) after the X-ray tube switch (27) has been opened is opened. 2. X-ray apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the time control device (58) has an adjustable delay element (258), via which a signal can be emitted, so that the image intensifier switch (311, 312) with a predetermined delay after the X-ray tube switch is closed (27) is closed. 3. X-ray apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that a shutterless camera (48) on the 909835/0843 X 1747-50- ' The output window (303) of the image intensifier tube (47) is in focus and is connected to it in a light-tight manner, so that an in the camera (48) located film (341) during the switch-on time the image intensifier tube (47) is exposed. 4. X-ray apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that that a film transport device (32O-34O) unexposed film (341) into the beam path of the camera (48) when the image intensifier switch (311, 312) is opened. 5. X-ray apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input window of the image intensifier tube (47) has a cathode (301), which emits electrons when the X-rays strike, on the exit window a luminescent screen (303) is arranged, which upon impingement of Emits electron light, a control grid (302) is arranged between the cathode (301) and the output window and the Image intensifier switch (71) is arranged so that when the image intensifier switch (311, 312) is closed on the control grid (302) has a positive bias voltage with respect to the cathode (301), so that electrons emitted from the cathode (301) are accelerated towards the exit window (303), and on the control grid (302) is negative compared to the cathode (3O1) Control voltage is present when the image intensifier switch (311, 312) is open, so that no electrons go to the output window can get. - 51 909835/0843 X 1747 - SX -. 6. X-ray apparatus ^ according to one of the preceding claims? characterized in that the timing device C58J has a frequency-controlling circuit (211-213}? which the X-ray tube switch (27) and the image intensifier switch (311, 312) closes periodically with an adjustable, preselected frequency. 7. X-ray apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of an X-ray tube (27A, 27L) image intensifier tube (47A, 47L) and camera (48A, 48L) existing equipment sets (22, 23) are arranged so that the X-ray tubes X-rays at different angles to an object (46), the corresponding X-ray images are photographed by one of the cameras (48A, 48L) mediated by the associated image intensifier tube (47A / 47L) and the tent control device {58) each has a device set (22, 23} associated Kosobinations each of an X-ray tube switch (27A, 27L) 'land an image intensifier switch (311, 312) rait a preselected frequency closes one after the other so that only one image intensifier tube (47A, 47L) is switched on. 9: 0 9835/0843 Blank page