DE1558807A1 - Process for the manufacture of thermoformed products based on copper - Google Patents

Description

Our reference 5 2255

Process for the manufacture of thermoformed products

based on copper

The invention relates generally to the division of products on copper baaia and in particular to a method for xieratstellung of thermoformed products on copper bases from gesciimolzenea Metal

When producing hot-formed copper-based products, such as products made from pure or technically pure copper or various copper alloys, it is generally desirable that these products have a grain structure that is characterized by fine,

^ e grains are characterized, which have a glass smoother orientation. The reason

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This is because that products on Kupfertiasie with such a core structure, the best tensile strength, stretchability or Ziehbarkelt, elektricehe and theraiaehe conductivity and other IIIx the technical use of the product having favorable properties ·

The invention is particularly useful in the manufacture of warped cropped products having fine, equiaxed grains with no grain orientation and no crystal lattice orientation. 1) The reason for this is that the invention creates arm-formed products based on copper which have a grain structure which is characterized by uniform grains of uniformly fine grain size and with less grain orientation and less crystal lattice orientation than can be achieved by known methods is.

This grain structure is obtained by melting nan Metal solidifies to cast metal and the cast metal in exactly the state in which it solidifies, and in a Catfish, which are the cast metal length of a variety of angular arranged deformation aoheen a · substantial 3 movement granted, thermoformed. Since the cast metal is also molten

© ΟΡΐ

0098U / 019)

a metal at a temperature above its Va the molding temperature has solidified, the Yararv? - shape of the cast metal in practically the state, in which it is frozen, the rolling elimination of the Heating the cast metal after hot working or their use only for the purpose of increasing the hot forming temperature of the cast metal directly. deform cease.

Through the unique combination of freezing of molten metal for the production of cast metal and a hot forming of the cast metal into a « special condition and in a special way, which will be disclosed below, hot-formed products based on copper are created, the evenly distributed, equiaxed Have grains of smaller grain size and less grain direction and less crystal lattice orientation than was possible by known methods. This · and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying one Drawing, in which the same reference number corresponds Designate parts, explained in more detail

ORIGINAL BATHROOM -

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In the drawing tends

? ig. 1 Schematic example of an embodiment .The invention suitable Torrichtimg, the one Casting machine and a rolling mill old of a multitude von Valzgeriieten has;

Fig. 2 shows transverse cross-sectional shapes for cast metal, ie hot-worked according to the invention

trai.avfereale ^ uschnittsforaen for Gufi-, vie ee in a not according to the invention V >> iae wtrarerfonnt is}

Fib · 4 is a microphotograph of a portion of a trane-tereal cross-sectional surface of a cast copper bar.8 which is in a continuous casting device, like that in Pig. I shown casting machine, solidified and cooled to cold deformation ateaper ^ ture by quenching% vurde #

Fig. 5 is ei:. ·: Microphotograph of part of a trane-τβΓβ iler. ^ uerschnittefl ^ cne eirxes copper rods, dt? r ti-aungsgesaäB was made;

Jig. 6 iat eii.e IU jct ο photographic eii ^ ea part of a transveraale ;. ^ «First surface of a copper rod, aer c-i -: »-letting νοτχ molten metal

in

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in a continuous caster such as that in Pig. 1 casting machine shown with the production of cast metal luiJ .. 'arin deformation of Juümetali.J in practically the same. "Ujtanu, in which ej is eratarrt., Mid in a' .. ^: " ϊί3β, die Lm aLl {jrtneLnen dixrch die traiuvcirsalon ^ is represented uerjuiinit tsf ornien of Pi ^ 3, and uxiter use of a number of deformations, which the V in is equal to the ^number.:. wui'de armverformung of Kupferatabeu of I'i ^ 5 eye used deformations iut prepared;

Fig. 7 is a micropliotofcTayhie of a portion of an Iranian ^ uerachnittaflache des Kupferatabs of 6 after four further deformations during the hot deformation;

i'ig. 8 is an X-ray X-transmission hole diffraction pattern; v / which from the zontrum a3 according to the invention produced copper rod was obtained;

iig. 9 is an X-ray i'rajasmisaions hole diffraction pattern; which was obtained from the surface of the copper rod of Fl2 · 8}

Fig. 10 is a Höntgenatruhlen transmission loci diffraction pattern; which from the center of a copper rod he

keep

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iii '.,' irdö, which is caused by the frütarrenlaesen of air- lletaLl ia a lcuiiLinuiichen; (ri'j.v uTLcii tutit-.i -Ίο the "in eU. *;. 1 shown Il Lri.im .-. uiiiLud, under ^ ers iiil ment of JuUnetall, abbreviation il. ι an ··! ·! .;! / uJmii talla aiit Kaltvorforaungatenlisritai ', liitil citm des C} uür: .e LaLIa auf Warnwerfor— mun .. ·· ι.οιιι [. «μ ·· ιμ <γ um! *. / urmv or formung des r ii. , Wv diiroii Hi tranriV'M'iJulen. viuersclin vui. l'L _o . Γ daiV '-' S üeliten / cilue, erüalteu vairde;

i-Jt tiui ii

muüLer, .velciiej νυη der Oberfläulie dea tiupf era tabs from t'i ₆ . 1u received v.urdej '

is a lio

Pattern, which was obtained from the center of a copper tube, which was obtained by freezing molten metal in a horizontal casting mold of the usual type with the production of cast metal, cooling the carbon steel to cold-working temperature, heating the cast metal to the temperature and homogenizing temperature this operation and warming up of the cast metal first on a standard type of rolling mill and then

in

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in the through the transversal ', iuerechnlttBformen ".. 'one shown in FIG. 2 has been manufactured;

Fig. 13 is an X-ray TransmisBiona hole diffraction pattern; which from the surface of the copper tab from Fig. 12;

Pit. ·. H is an X-ray iransinissione-LochbeuEungsmister, What is received in front of the center of a copper rod was caused by the solidification of molten Metal in a continuous casting device, like that in Fi ^. 1 shown casting machine, under the production of cast metal, Varmverformung of the GuSmetalla essentially in the condition in which it solidified, and in a 'manner that is characterized by the transversal ^ uersc.inittaior ^ en of Pig. 3 illustrates \. \ Lrd, manufactured "..irde, and

l? ig.15 is a Hontgenstrahl-Traiiaciissions-LochbeUbUngamuster ₄ which from the surface of the copper rod of Jig. 14 was obtained.

These figures and the detailed description that follows reveal ei.ie special execution of the Srflnauii £.

4/0191

However, the invention does not relate to what is discussed here Details limited.

The method according to the invention on Hera division τοη deformed products on copper bases. läfit eich e * best using a device suitable for carrying it out, such as the schematic in Pig. 1 shown device

\ Veretehen the aue of a continuous casting machine 10 ■

j and a work 11. You continuous pouring · ■ τ -

machine 10 is used as a smock sua braid ron for -

schmoleenea Ketall 9 under the creation of a cast bar 12 " practically the same state in which he froze "; ron the continuous casting machine 10 on the Velswerk ; 11 It is transferred which · do hot forming of the cast ingot · 12 in the rod 16 or in another warmerforates product in a 'quiet' which is a substantial movement of the , Cast ingot 12 lye of a number τοη angular b «w. enables angularly arranged axes, serves

The continuous casting machine 10 is of the usual Gieöradtyp with a casting wheel 13 with a casting recess (not shown) which is partially closed by an endless belt 14 which is carried by the casting wheel 13 and a belt idler 15. The casting wheel 13 and the final

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1οβ · Belt 14 cooperate so that a casting mold. -: ' (not shown) is created, in their one. End · molten · s metal 9 is poured to solidify, and ~ Γ from the other end of the cast ingot 12 essentially '; in the same state in which he froze, issued: will. ".'-'-. ·· -r ~ - ■■"

The rolling mill 11 is of the usual type and comprises a plurality of Yalsen stands 17 which are arranged so that the cast ingot 12 is thermoformed in a series of deformations. The continuous casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11 are arranged relative to one another so that the cast ingot 12 enters the rolling mill 11 practically immediately after solidification and essentially in the state in which it has solidified. In this state, the cast ingot 12 is on a hot deformation teoperature in the range of the temperatures for the hot deformation of the cast ingot 12 at the beginning of the hot deformation without heating ^c between the casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11, the varc deformation temperature of the cast bar 12 is within the usual range the hot deformation operation is to be precisely regulated, means for adjusting the temperature of the cast ingot 12 (not shown) can be used in the continuous casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11.

arranges

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be arranged without falling outside the scope of the invention · ■ '■ - ■ "■; · _ ■"'".'.._

Let it be clear that in the device clay fig. 1 because cast metal can have many different lengths, which are defined by dl

Length of time can be determined within which

FtCr ₁

Zen metal is allowed to solidify, and / can lengthen between the continuous casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11. In this way, the steps of solidifying molten metal for the production of cast metal and hot forming of the cast metal take place simultaneously. Pig's device. However, 1 is only beautiful - shown schematically since each device component is known to those skilled in the art and since, once the invention is understood, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a direct shell molding machine or any of the many other known devices instead of that described in K.g »1 The continuous casting machine 10 shown can be used and that a continuous forging machine or any of the many other known devices in place of the one in Pig. 1 shown rolling mills 11 can be used. The · is the pail, because the · invention is painful Means for solidifying molten metal purpose Production of cast metal and means * including hot forming

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COPY

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d ·· Gußsetalla in dea condition and the kind, di · hler b · - be written, requires.

Si · way in which the means sub Varsrerforaen τα » Gußsetall the same varsrerforsen buses, can be aa explain most with reference to FIG. From Fig. 2

if recognizes aan, dsüf / a cast metal, for example the GuB ** ingot 12, into an unformed product such as the bar 16, is extended, the cast metal has a reciprocal number of transverse cross-sectional shapes that alternate la are essentially flat and essentially round

You rolling frames 17 of a rolling mill 11, which have calibrations (not shown), which cast metal in a Hot deforming ways that lead to these transverse cross-sectional shapes are known to those skilled in the art, and this will understand that this type of hot working of GuS metal is not only a substantial movement of the cast metal along the line of sight, but also along the eighth, dl are arranged at an angle to the chordal axis, has the consequence It is also clear that SuSaetall took varaverforming in a way that a substantial movement of the gusiaetall along an Ilehrzahl of Achoen arranged in '.. "

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causes, too, according to ax & mren Ifcajsrerforsungstechsiken. can be done, «le« le can be represented by the - trsaeTersal cross-sectional shapes τοπ Fig. 2 ·

Regardless of the tempo for maintaining a substantial movement of the suEsetalla long, a number of tone at the angle arranged axes Terw “s eten KarsTerforsungetechniJc niufl daa GuBcetall enter the Varsrerroraus ^ eTorrichtung, for example a Vmlsverk 11, while it is still la Weekly In des Zast * nd is in dea it is frozen out of the melted Xet & ll. Daa means that there «cast metal la veeentllchen so foolishly ouS as it was goeeed, and not cooled to cold working temperature and recovered again or between the arrest of the molten metal and the beginning of the warning, it may be homogeneous in genius. However, it has been found that a change in the seaperatur dee & u £ x & etalls, which is calibrated when daa GuSnetall of the "tfansrerforaungsvorrichtung la we sent 11— Chen is supplied in the state, in which it solidifies is, among other things, to maintain a special VaraTerformungstei & temperature, the grain structure of the copper rod manufactured according to the invention not adversely affected. For this reason, gowns for setting the sea temperature

of

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of the ingot 12 (not shown) swiaohen dor continuous Casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11 are arranged, and such a temperature division is compatible with the requirement of the invention that the cast metal in must essentially be in the state in which it results when the molten metal solidifies.

The copper rod 19 of Figures 5, 8 and 9 is exemplary of the thermoformed copper-based products made in accordance with the present invention. This copper rod 19 was made by solidifying molten copper base metal in the continuous casting machine 10 of Pio · 1 for making cast metal and hot working the cast metal in a rolling mill 11 through a series of deformations represented by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of FIG. and in general essentially in the state in which he froze. In particular, the copper rod 19 was manufactured in such a way that a cast ingot 12 was removed from the continuous casting machine 10 as long as its temperature was still in the range of the temperatures at which copper is hot-worked and the hot-working of the cast bar 12 was started while its temperature was still in the field and without · that, between the casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11, a heating was carried out.

fV »SV

Of the

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BATH ORIGINAL

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The copper rod 20 of the Pig. 7, H and 15 were made by heating molten metal in the continuous. Casting machine 10 of FIG. 1 for the production of cast metal and hot deformation of the cast metal ia rolling mill 11 by means of a series of deformations which are caused by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of? Ig. 3 are shown _f and essentially in the state in which. he froze. The copper rod 20 'from Pig. 6 is the table with the copper rod 20, except that the copper rod 20 'was deformed four times less than the copper rod 20 and as often as the copper rod.

The Paehmann will understand that the hot working of cast metal through a series of deformations caused by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of Pig. 3 are shown, does not result in substantial movement of the cast metal along a number of angled axes leads. Instead, there is a substantial movement of the cast metal only along the expansion axis of the cast metal, when ee is deformed warm. Therefore, both the copper rod 20 and the copper rod 20 * differ from the invention produced copper rod 19 in that si

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were not waranrerforart in a manner which causes substantial movement of the cast metal along a plurality of angular axes.

The Kupferatab 21 the Pig. 10 and 11 was made by solidifying molten metal in the continuous Casting machine of FIG. 1 for the production of cast metal, cooling of the cast metal to cold deformation temperature, heating of the cast metal to warm deformation temperature and Hot deformation of the cast metal in a manner through the transverse cross-sectional shapes illustrated in Fig. 2 is made. Therefore, both the copper rod 19 and the copper rod 21 produced according to the present invention were in by solidification of molten metal of the continuous casting machine 10 inclined in Fig. 1 and hot working the cast metal in such Prove that a substantial movement of the cast metal takes place along a number of axes arranged at an angle, has been manufactured. The copper rod 21 is different however, from the copper rod 19 in that the copper rod 21 is not essentially in the state in which it solidifies. warsnrformt was ·· '

Of the

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The copper tab 22 of the Pig. 12 and 13 were made by solidifying τοη molten metal in a horizontal casting mold of the type customary for the production of cast metal, cooling down the cast metal to the deformation temperature, homogenizing the cast metal by heating to and at Hot deformation temperature and hot deformation of the cast metal "first in a loop mill of the usual type and then in one through the transversal cut forms τοπ Pig. 2 shown white. The initial hot deformation iee copper tabs 22 in a loop rolling mill only took place in order to reduce its cross-section eo «u reduce that it could then be thermoformed in the same way as the copper rod 19. Hence were themselves the copper tab 19 and the copper bar 22 produced according to the invention are similar in that both are made by hot working of cast metal in a catfish which causes substantial movement of the cast metal along a plurality of angular axes. Of the However, the copper rod 22 differs from the copper rod 19 produced according to the invention in that the cast metal of the copper rod 22 was not solidified from molten metal in the continuous casting machine 10 and has not been thermoformed substantially in the state in which it was solidified

the

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Copper bars 19, 20, 20 ¹ , 21 and 22 were all made from tough pitch copper, and it is now clear that copper bars 19, 20, 20 'and 21 were all made by leaving molten metal in Pig's continuous casting machine . 1 were made. It was also made clear that the copper rods 19, 21 and 22 are all produced by hot working of cast metal in one of the diagonal cross-sectional shapes of Pig. 2 and that the copper rods 19 # 20 and 20 'all' by solidifying molten metal in the continuous casting machine 10 of Pig · I to produce cast metal which is substantially in the state in which it was solidified, was thermoformed, were manufactured «

But only the copper rod 19 became duroh eratarrenlaseeii of molten copper base metal in the continuous casting machine 10 shown in Pig · 1 under production Clay cast metal and by hot deformation dee cast metal Ih essential in the state in which it was solidified * and iu a way through the transverse cross-sectional forests of Pig. 2 is produced · The • copper rod 19 manufactured according to the invention a grain structure

door

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t * φ - -

has door, which is after the by the copper rods 20, 20 ', 21 and 22 is superior to the methods shown is obtained by the Pig. 5 to 15 shown. Examination of these figures reveals that FIGS Photomicrographs represent and that Figs. 8-15 X-ray en-'fransmisBion hole diffraction patterns are " The photomicrographs of the Pig. 5 to 7 as well as the microphotograph of fig. 4 were at 75x magnification made by using the special copper rod shown In The transverse direction was cut into disks and assembled, polished and etched and the transverse cross-sectional surface obtained was placed in a metallograph in the usual way.

»-. The Höntgenstrahl TranemiBsion hole diffraction patterns of Figs. 8, 10, 12 and H were obtained by removing a splinter from the center of the special copper rod, and the patterns of Figs. 9, 11, 13 and 15 were obtained. hold by removing a splinter from the surface of the special copper rod. In each case, the fragments were etched to an even thickness of about three-thousandths of an inch and then placed in an X-ray machine in the usual manner.

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Those skilled in the art will recognize that the inner "Sing in every · Röntgenatrahlen-Trajiasieaione-lKachbeugungff oyster, the result of the diffraction aa the 111 planes of the diffractive grains and that the external hang in every pattern there results the diffraction at the 200 planes of the diffracting grains is. Naturally, the 111 aing has the highest intensity, and an even continuous? 111 ring iet a Signs of a grain structure characterized by fine grains and the absence of spots or berti The high density in the 111 ring is an indication of grains that have no noticeable crystal lattice orientation.

When the photomicrograph of Figure 5 is compared with the photomicrographs of Figures 6 and 7, it can be seen without further ado that both the copper rod 20 and the Copper rod 20 '30 grains of larger format and stronger Have grain orientation than the grains 31 of the copper rod 19. The small grain size in the copper rod / in general comparison the grain format in the copper rod 20 is determined by the X-ray radiation emission Looh diffraction pattern in FIGS 9 compared to the cough of Fig. H and 15 teetetzt, there it can be seen that the 111

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Would hang more consistently si & d than the Yea EupTwstab 20 obtained 111 Sisge. Asiaer-ite "seiges the places 26 high meat in the 111 itingfcu de" Sapferatabe "20 and that the absence of such places in the 111 stomach there" lupf st would "19 deutlica, caS der £ * jsrerartab 19 Ecxaer sdt lower Kri" t * ll ^ itt «rcrie2.tlexu ^ ^ ¹ » <^ · KSraer de · KupXeretxbe »20

From the Tig. 5 to S tci 14 and 15 thus clearly shows that the ^< Karsr «rror3sssg tc && u £ & etall in a way that a weeestUcL * Beve ^ aa ^, cee Ctt £ i« talle siner along

Tem la "ilikel« ki ^ eerd ^ eten axes herrorruit, a-

Kuprerst & b 19 »cixirt, i ^ r has a corustnüctur that der Icr_ * trujrt.ur der Kasrerst ^ be 20 or 20 *, die durcn ^ rstarrenlassezi rcn ^ esczisolzeitea iletall under BiI- & aiÄ * t3Lll and ^ arzverrorsuz ^ des GuBsetails ia

in the state in which it froze, however in-a 'Jeise, the no definite movement of the GuS-aetallft runs. · Eiaer Heiirsahl τ cn is Vinfcel arranged Axes is called, is made%. * Orden were superior is. In this Γ "τ * ί - ^" ^ e it is pointed out that the 2rfindan £ this superior spine structure is less Information is achieved by kls. Varmrerfomen de Eunferstabs were 20 Torgenosaen, although the Cußkoraetruk

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door of the cast metal for the copper rod 19 and the copper ^ stab 20 prior to "hot working essentially as in Pig. 4 was shown.

Venn the 111 rings obtained from the copper rod 21 in the Pig. 10 and 11 are examined, then τ recognizes π «η from Pig. 11 that the 1 1 1 ring obtained from the surface of the copper rod 21 is less uniformly continuous and has more pronounced points 26 of high density than either the 311 hinge of the copper rod 19 or the 111 hinge of the copper rod 20. It became evident that the Copper rod 21 was not substantially thermoformed in the state in which the cast metal solidified, the copper rod 21 has a poorer surface grain structure than both the copper rod 19 and the copper rod 20, although the cast metal for the copper rod 21 solidifies in the "glaiciieii casting device was how the GuSmetall · for the copper rods 19 and 20 and in the same Veise was hot formed as the cast metal de3 copper rod 19 ·. ·

iiiue investigation of the obtained from copper rod 22. 111. Hinge shown in Figures 12 and 13 confirms the poor grain structure of the cropping rod 21 in proportion

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hältnia to, copper tab 19 at least partially sx £ dss omitting the '.fersrverforrnsng of the cast metal is wsse & tlich "? a in which it froze in the state ^ from gesc2jaolsen.ss Mstall, is due. Cbwoiil ^ sr 111 Sing voa Pig. 12 shows an Eom size in the center of the copper rod 22 which is comparable to that of the copper rod 19. the high density areas 26 indicate a crystal lattice orientation. In addition, Pig's 111 ring "13" that was obtained from the surface of copper rod 22 is similar to the 111 ring obtained from the surface of copper rod 21 /, both in terms of the unevenly continuous structure and in terms of the areas of high density 26 present It is noteworthy that the cast metal for the copper rod 22 was allowed to solidify in a different casting device than the casting metal for the copper rods 21 and 19, since this clearly shows that the improved grain structure of the copper rod 19 is not attributable to the particular casting device used .

Because the copper rods 21 and 22 are not essentially in the condition in which they are made from the molten metal in FIG solidified, were thermoformed, was for both: - " Copper rods have a worse grain structure than copper

Rod

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stab, 19 terarsaeth. Ia similar "" / eise vurda in that the ZupfsrstSba "20 usa 20 'is not in a Fsisa varsverforct -ariirdsn, which causes one essential movement of the iluSaetall along a reversal of ia ¥ Ihi: eI" axes :, sssrfs in both SupferstUbsn a bad "grain structure sla beiia Zupfers tab 19. The preparation of warxsrsrfonaten Proäuktsa auf Kupferbaeie Kit Superior Soraa structure therefore obviously requires the stiffening of schisolitenea metal for the production of GuCaetall and the essential iron in the state solidified, and a ¥ siee in that a substantial movement of the cast metal · hervorruTt along a Hehrzahl arranged in angle axes -. ■ ■ _m

Patent entitlement

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Claims (7)

PAT E N T A N S ϊ S ti C H E 1. Process for the manufacture of thermoformed products j copper-based with a grain structure that is uniform, j dispersed fine grains and essentially no Koraaus | i direction, with solidification of a melted ^! zenen copper base metal for the production of cast metal and
Variüverfor-iung the G-uSmetails, characterized in that the ".," is made arinverformui'ig, while the iuss- j i metal is essentially in the addition "·: _Α α, iu which j solidified, and the deformation takes place by the casting j metal deformed into a variety of cross-sectional shapes j which is essentially flat and long juer- ι Section and have a substantially round cross-section to give the cast metal a substantial longitudinal movement
a reciprocal number of axes arranged in the corner. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by,
that the! temperature of the cast metal between solidification
of a fused copper base metal to form
Cast metal and "hot forming of the cast metal" in one
temperature range suitable for hot forming
will. .0 0984W0193 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature of the cast metal in this temperature range is changed in such a way that a special temperature is obtained at the start of the hot forming 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that one of the axes eats the axis of elongation of the cast metal and another of these axes is transverse to the elongation axis. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cast metal, a device for V / arm deformation is supplied practically immediately after the molten copper base metal has solidified. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that as a molten copper base metal, viscous pitch copper is used· 7 .. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solidification of a molten copper base metal for the production of a cast metal and the hot forming of the cast metal are carried out at the same time BATH ORIGINAL 009844/0193 - 26 - β. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the cast metal between a gate direction to solidify » let one fused copper base metals and one Device for * i7araveriormung is extended · -f 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is marked that by allowing molten base metal to solidify for the production of cast metal, a cast iron stable with a plurality of lengths determined by the length of time in which the molten copper base metal is allowed to freeze, is created BAD OBISlMAi 009844/0193