DE1541255C3 - Device for protecting the eye against laser radiation - Google Patents
Device for protecting the eye against laser radiationInfo
- Publication number
- DE1541255C3 DE1541255C3 DE19661541255 DE1541255A DE1541255C3 DE 1541255 C3 DE1541255 C3 DE 1541255C3 DE 19661541255 DE19661541255 DE 19661541255 DE 1541255 A DE1541255 A DE 1541255A DE 1541255 C3 DE1541255 C3 DE 1541255C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- objective
- laser radiation
- protecting
- electron
- electrostatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0064—Anti-reflection devices, e.g. optical isolaters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/02—Goggles
- A61F9/022—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs
- A61F9/023—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs with variable transmission, e.g. photochromic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/16—Housings; Caps; Mountings; Supports, e.g. with counterweight
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
- H01J31/501—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output with an electrostatic electron optic system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J2001/0276—Protection
- G01J2001/0285—Protection against laser damage
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Description
b = —'-f b = --'- f
dem Objektiv eine Blende vorgeschaltet ist. deren Abstand b vom Objektiv gemäßthe lens is preceded by a diaphragm. their distance b from the lens according to
und deren Durchmesser D gemäß
D = ---d-1 and their diameter D according to
D = --- d - 1
bestimmt ist, worin / die Brennweite des Objektivs (5), α der Abstand der elektrostatischen Lochblende (3) vom Objektiv (5) und d der Öffnungsdurchmesser .der elektrostatischen Lochblende (3) ist.is determined where / the focal length of the lens (5), α is the distance between the electrostatic pinhole (3) from the lens (5) and d is the opening diameter of the electrostatic pinhole (3).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elektronenoptische System eine Infrarot-Bildwandlerröhre ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the electron optical system is an infrared image converter tube.
3. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei achsparallele Systeme in an sich bekannter Weise zu einem binokularen Sichtgerät vereinigt sind.3. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that two axially parallel Systems are combined in a manner known per se to form a binocular viewing device.
und deren Durchmesser D gemäßand their diameter D according to
d-f a- fd-f a- f
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz des Auges gegen Laser-Strahlung.The invention relates to a device for protecting the eye against laser radiation.
Die Gefährdung des Auges durch Einwirkungen von Laser-Strahlung ist beträchtlich, wie unter anderem aus der »Zeitschrift für angewandte Physik«, Bd. 20, Heft 6, Ϊ966, S. 521 bis 524, hervorgeht. Hieraus ist es bekannt, Schutzbrillen mit speziellen Filtergläsern als Laser-Schutz zu verwenden. Solche Filtergläser sind demnach nur in einem begrenzten Wellenlängenbereich wirksam und versagen bei einer Strahlung, deren Wellenlänge beispielsweise im sichtbaren Spektralbereich liegt. Dies ist beispielsweise beim Ar-Laser und Flüssigkeitslaser der Fall.The risk to the eye from the effects of laser radiation is considerable, as are, among other things from the "Journal for Applied Physics", Vol. 20, Issue 6, 1966, pp. 521-524, emerges. From this it is known to use protective goggles with special filter glasses as laser protection. Such Filter glasses are therefore only effective in a limited wavelength range and fail at one Radiation whose wavelength is, for example, in the visible spectral range. This is for example the case with the Ar laser and liquid laser.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht daher in der Schaffung wirksamer Maßnahmen gegen Laserstrahlen beliebiger bzw. unbekannter Wellenlänge, wie dies vor allem beim Einsatz von Bildwandlergeräten im militärischen Bereich von Bedeutung ist.The object of the invention is therefore to create effective measures against laser beams of any or unknown wavelength, as is the case above all when using image converter devices is of importance in the military field.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die eingangs näher bezeichnete Vorrichtung ein an sich bekanntes lichtoptisch-elektronenoptisches Abbildungssystem umfaßt, das aus Objektiv und Photokathode, elektronenoptischem Linsensystem, Leuchtschirm und Betrachtungsoptik besteht und zwischen der Photokathode und dem Leuchtschirm eine elektrostatische Lochblende aufweist, und daß D =■ This object is achieved according to the invention in that the device described in more detail at the beginning comprises a known light-optical-electron-optical imaging system which consists of an objective and photocathode, electron-optical lens system, luminescent screen and viewing optics and has an electrostatic pinhole between the photocathode and the luminescent screen, and that D = ■
bestimmt ist, worin / die Brennweite des Objektivs, α der Abstand der elektrostatischen Lochblende vom Objektiv und d der Öffnungsdurchmesser der elektrostatischen Lochblende ist.where / is the focal length of the lens, α is the distance between the electrostatic pinhole and the lens and d is the opening diameter of the electrostatic pinhole.
Von entscheidendem Vorteil ist der mit einfachsten Mitteln erzielte relativ große Schutzumfang für das menschliche Auge, und zwar auch gegenüber leistungsstärksten Impuls-Lasern. So erfordern beispielsweise mit Zielgeräten ausgerüstete Handfeuerwaffen, die eine Bildwandlerröhre ohnedies bereits enthalten, an zusätzlichen Teilen lediglich je eine aus geschwärztem Blech gefertigte Blende. Durch die Anordnung derselben vor dem Objektiv kann in der Nähe der optischen Achse keine Laser-Strahlung direkt durch die öffnung der elektrostatischen Lochblende hindurchtreten. Da der Durchmesser D der Blende dem Öffnungsdurchmesser d der elektrostatischen Lochblende proportional ist, empfiehlt sich die Wahl eines möglichst kleinen Öffnungsdurchmessers d, um einen entsprechend kleinen Blendendurchmesser D zu erhalten. Eine ausreichend gute Beobachtungsmöglichkeit bleibt gewahrt, die Lichtverluste sind im Hinblick auf die Qualität der lichtoptischelektronenoptischen Abbildung gering.A decisive advantage is the relatively large scope of protection for the human eye, which is achieved with the simplest means, even compared to the most powerful pulse lasers. For example, handguns equipped with aiming devices that already contain an image converter tube only require a cover made of blackened sheet metal on additional parts. The arrangement of the same in front of the objective means that no laser radiation can pass directly through the opening of the electrostatic pinhole in the vicinity of the optical axis. Since the diameter D of the diaphragm is proportional to the opening diameter d of the electrostatic pinhole diaphragm, it is advisable to choose the smallest possible opening diameter d in order to obtain a correspondingly small diaphragm diameter D. A sufficiently good possibility of observation is maintained, the light losses are low with regard to the quality of the light-optical-electron-optical image.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sehen vor, daß das elektronenoptische System eine Infrarot-Bildwandlerröhre sein kann sowie daß es möglich ist, zwei achsparallele Systeme in an sich bekannte^ Weise zu einem binokularen Sichtgerät zu vereinigen. Man erhält dadurch ein absolut lasersicheres Beobachtungsgerät. Advantageous embodiments of the invention provide that the electron-optical system is an infrared image converter tube can be as well as that it is possible to use two axially parallel systems in per se known ^ Way to unite into a binocular viewing device. This results in an absolutely laser-safe observation device.
Im folgenden1 wird an Hand der Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert: In der Zeichnung ist 1 eine an sich bekannte Infrarot-Bildwandlerröhre, die im wesentlichen aus Photokathode 2, elektrostatischer Lochblende 3 vom Durchmesser d und Leuchtschirm 4 besteht. Durch ein Objektiv 5 wird ein Infrarotbild auf der Photokathode 2 entworfen, wobei 10 einen durch das Objektiv hindurchtretenden Infrarotstrahl darstellt. Der am Ort des Bildpunktes von der Photokathode 2 ausgehende Elektronenstrahl ist mit 11 bezeichnet. Das durch den Leuchtschirm 4 sichtbar gemachte Elektronenbild wird mittels der Lupe 6 betrachtet, wobei sich das Auge 7 eines Beobachters hinter der Lupe 6 befindet.In the following 1 shows an embodiment of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the drawing: In the drawing, 1 is a per se known infra-red image converter tube d essentially of photocathode 2, electrostatic aperture 3 on the diameter and fluorescent screen 4 is composed. An infrared image is drawn onto the photocathode 2 through an objective 5, 10 representing an infrared beam passing through the objective. The electron beam emanating from the photocathode 2 at the location of the image point is denoted by 11. The electron image made visible by the luminescent screen 4 is viewed by means of the magnifying glass 6, the eye 7 of an observer being located behind the magnifying glass 6.
Im Abstand b vor dem Objektiv 5 ist eine mechanische kreisförmige Blende 8 angeordnet, deren Mittelpunkt auf der optischen Achse 9 liegt. Form und Durchmesser D der Blende 8 sind nach der Erfindung so gewählt, daß sie das durch das Objektiv 5 erzeugte Bild der Öffnung der elektronenstatischen Lochblende 3 darstellt. Das. Objektiv 5 besitzt die Brennweite /. Der Abstand zwischen Objektiv und elektrostatischer Lochblende = a. Die Blende 8 besteht beispielsweise aus einer geschwärzten Metallscheibe; sie reflektiert bzw. absorbiert die gesamte direkt auftreffende Strahlung.A mechanical circular diaphragm 8, the center of which lies on the optical axis 9, is arranged at a distance b in front of the objective 5. The shape and diameter D of the diaphragm 8 are selected according to the invention in such a way that they represent the image of the opening of the electron static pinhole 3 generated by the objective 5. The. Lens 5 has the focal length /. The distance between the lens and the electrostatic pinhole = a. The screen 8 consists, for example, of a blackened metal disc; it reflects or absorbs all directly incident radiation.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEE0032987 | 1966-12-06 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1541255A1 DE1541255A1 (en) | 1970-04-02 |
| DE1541255B2 DE1541255B2 (en) | 1973-06-07 |
| DE1541255C3 true DE1541255C3 (en) | 1974-01-03 |
Family
ID=7075948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19661541255 Expired DE1541255C3 (en) | 1966-12-06 | 1966-12-06 | Device for protecting the eye against laser radiation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE707606A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH489900A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1541255C3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1157197A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6715071A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE328644B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3048496C1 (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1985-07-25 | Eltro GmbH, Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik, 6900 Heidelberg | DF system |
| US5081542A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1992-01-14 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Liquid crystal light valve goggles for eye protection |
-
1966
- 1966-12-06 DE DE19661541255 patent/DE1541255C3/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-10-03 CH CH1375167A patent/CH489900A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-10-16 SE SE1414867A patent/SE328644B/xx unknown
- 1967-11-07 NL NL6715071A patent/NL6715071A/xx unknown
- 1967-11-10 GB GB5121067A patent/GB1157197A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-12-06 BE BE707606D patent/BE707606A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1541255A1 (en) | 1970-04-02 |
| NL6715071A (en) | 1968-06-07 |
| BE707606A (en) | 1968-04-16 |
| CH489900A (en) | 1970-04-30 |
| DE1541255B2 (en) | 1973-06-07 |
| GB1157197A (en) | 1969-07-02 |
| SE328644B (en) | 1970-09-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SH | Request for examination between 03.10.1968 and 22.04.1971 | ||
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) |