DE1538397A1 - Control system for electric DC motors - Google Patents

Description

Cableform Limited
Jreen Lane
Roniiley, ijtoclcport
Cheshire / England

Patent application

Control system for electric leakage current motors (Case Ho. 4)

The invention; relates to control systems for electric (DC) motors, and in particular, albeit not exclusive to battery powered vehicles, and relates to such systems using a DC motor included, the between spice ekle amen with a main thyristor is switched in series, furthermore a commutation circuit with a Koramutierunjskondensator, which with a Koamutierungthyristor is connected in series, which in turn is shunted to the main thyristor, one one Inductor containing charging circuit, which is arranged so that he the capacitor during the duration of pulses of the Load current charges and a discharging of the capacitor allows to the load current to the termination of such a pulse ' ses from the main thyristor, as well as a changing, clien pulse generator to use the thyristors to change the Switch-on factor to be excited one after the other

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The je.---en.de review deals with improvements for performance, operational safety or economic efficiency such an arrangement,

According to the present invention, the main thyristor and the commutation thyristor in each case between opposites Connections of the capacitor and an idipeiseklamme (which is to be referred to as the second supply terminal) connected, during the the inductor and the charging thyristor Containing® charging circuit between the other power supply terminal ™ (which is to be referred to as the first supply terminal) and the Connection of commutation thyristor and capacitor switched is. Preferably the main thyristor and the Charging thyristor arranged so that it is energized at the same time will.

Compared to the known arrangements, this offers Order the courtesy to charge the capacitor to a voltage that is significantly higher than the »supply voltage, whereby, among other things, the capacitance of the capacitor and the dimensions of the commutation thyristor and the charging thyristor can be reduced considerably »

The variable pulse generator is usually manually controlled, whereby the term manual control naturally also applies to a foot switch. The pulse generator can be controlled by a hand switch that generates an arbitrarily variable Sinsang voltage and has a device to 'this the pulse generator

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feed, This device contains a delay ■ network in order to determine the change in the applied to the pulse generator Tension; in an increase in the Binsohaltfak ~ gate to delay corresponding direction.

Different types of pulse generators can be used in an expedient arrangement, however, the pulse generator contains a Schmidt-Tri; jer circuit, as well as a device to do this via a 'delay network from resistor and capacitor and also appropriately | A variable via a transistor circuit matched to the impedance Add input voltage

The arrangement can contain a diode to cancel the effect of the delay network when the voltage changes in the opposite direction according to a decrease in the switch-on factor. Do such a delay mechanism ? is especially square to prevent the load current from increasing too quickly if the manual control is suddenly set to full speed (

The invention preferably uses a pulse generator in which the length of the pulses is reduced to a point at which the main thyristor is constantly conductive, so that it riot a switch-on factor "one", l ⁿ ro-t- In addition, it should first develop a control contact which is arranged in such a way that it controls the main thyristor when it is set to full speed. This creates the slight o'paiinun: sabf a.-l on the main thyristor

909 8 30/08 7 5 BATH ORIGINAL -4-

switched off and thus a slightly higher engine speed! ness achieved, and also reduces the clotting ^T e loss in the main thyristor. The reversing contactor is preferably controlled by a circuit containing a delay device in order to delay the operation of the reversing contactor until the manual switch has been set to full speed for a predetermined period of time.

The same delay arrangement can serve to the Operation of the pulse generator and the override contactor to delay when the hand switch suddenly goes to full speed Therefore, both the pulse generator and the control circuit are included in one arrangement for the reversing / contact generator Tri-gerkreise, which over a common resistor and capacitor delay network fed v / earth and which are arranged so that they respond at different voltages, so that the work of the reversing contactor until after the pulse generator has finished working is delayed

In one embodiment of the invention, the effect of the pulse generator to alter enthältdas system a switched to the load circuit in series resistance of low resistance value and a current-limiting arrangement which is responsive to the lying at the load resistor voltage, and to prevent the load current a egebenen before ^v peak exceeds. If the pulse generator contains a trigger circuit, which can be changed via a delay network

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the same tension .; is supplied, the strombeprenaei.de arrangement may serve the i ^l _ri:; ^T erkrois an additional voltage si-out when the lie at the load resistor Rende voltage before · a; _{β β} ^ level value exceeds

First of all is the engine, as in known systems, bridged by a mode which is so ■ jrepo.lt that the supply current cannot flow through them, but that current can then circulate through them and the motor if the main thyristor between the pulses of the load current is switched off. His preferred iToria. of the invention which the motor is wound in series, also contains a LjtrorakreiSjder another, in the same connection to its anchor has a lying diode as well as a -, controlled Jremskreis, which responds to the voltage on the armature and is used to control the Impttlsgenerator to thereby to limit the load current when jamming or blocking "

The controlled .ßreuiskreis can serve as a relay to operate to override the handset and when Impulse generator to produce the impulses corresponding to a certain low switch-on factor «,

In a _Ausbildun: sForm of the invention includes the arrival

Order a safety shutdown unit, which is based on the am. Main thyristor and chip thyristor connected to the commutation thyristor. . Now that one then addresses how these two Thj ^ ristors should conduct at the same time and which one is arranged so that they

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the contacts in the load circuit? jo controls, dai.> they open as soon as this situation occurs.

In addition, the arrangement can have a safety-side hold-off unit which responds to the voltage of a point lying between the charging thyristor and the aforementioned crate power terminal when both the charging thyristor and the power supply ; yristor ^ l ΰ i— ^ should conduct timely and which solder arranged so that it controls the contacts in the load circuit so that cie üicii open as soon as these Jediu. unj should occur. To address lkl to these two jJedin ;; un ^r s, graining use a common 7erstärker and a äelais "

As in the simultaneous patent application i. ^r o

(Oasis 1o) is claimed by the applicant, the charging inductor forms the secondary winding of a transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to the load circuit. This causes an increase in the output from the Koinmutierun ^ capacitor; The charge taken is proportional to the load current. The primary winding may consist of v / eni ^ .he as there are four turns or even a straight conductor to be _e, the primary winding and the Ho- / boron may be included in a rope of the load circuit, which is bridged by a diode which is epolt so ^ that a flow of the supply current through it is prevented ", but that a current can circulate through it during the time intervals between the pulses»

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The oystea can act as a converter excited by the supply current included, which is connected to the comminuting condenser is, u: u this at a voltage above the supply voltage Jpannun.-j to hold when the circuit has no pulse

Further goals and peculiarities of the invention become Lus der f oil jeiidsn description of "certain execution forms clearly, the example with reference to the bei.Tefü ^ - ™

th drawings are described.

Jj ¹ I ,. 1 is a simplified circuit diagram and shows the main part of the otroin circle s'ur verueutlicliuii - its mode of operation;

Ji ¹ Ij. 2 is a complete circuit diagram and let it be one of the youngest electrical circuits in jlock form; i ^? i. 3 is a circuit diagram of the first brake assembly;

]? i. 4 is a circuit diagram of the foot control operated siromb limit circuit and the pulse ¹ enerator; '

j? i τ. 5 is a circuit diagram of the Umsteuer-Konta.kt-boar and of the Yerzö-eriui · ;;. skreis;

j? i. ö is a circuit diagram of the converter;

Pi;. 7 is a circuit diagram of the safety shutdown unit and ■

Έ1 :, Q is a circuit diagram similar to that in Fi ^. 1, but shows an amendment; - of it.

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The primordial circuit, l''i,. 1

How p ..- s]?!.> 1 recognizable is the; irundstrora circle of a well-known type, in which one is connected in series. "Ewicl parent ■ J-leic-listromeleX'tromotor one armature 1o and one! Field winding 11 has and the via a Iiaupttliyristor 12 to a Battery 14 is connected »■ ■ ■

The i'ri. Pulses are supplied to the thyristor in order to make it periodically conductive and thus to control the energy supplied to the Iiotor and developed by it. As is known, a einnal set in J-anj thyristor remains conductive, the ^r to ilm Angeles te bie voltage below a certain V / ert falls. For this reason, a lojimutieruii 'skr eis-, which contains a capacitor 15 in series with a commutation thyristor 16, is operated in parallel with the main thyristor 12 to terminate the strobe pulses. Arrangements are provided for charging the capacitor 15 in a so-called reverse polarity, so that when the commutation thyristor 16 is energized, the capacitor 15 discharges via the main thyristor 12 with a current which is discharged from the charging current . As a result, the current through the main thyristor 12 falls below its threshold value and the main thyristor is de-energized.

In parallel with the motor there is a diode 17 which. so _: ^r epolt is that it does not pass any current from the battery, but allows a circulating current to flow through it and the motor when the main lyristor 12 turns off and the

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Capacitor 15 over the hot or to full ± sat er ie voltage on load is * -

For charging in the "; the Ko.ara ^ animal-.ai okoiidensators 15 are previous circuits containing an inductor" known battery: ele't. Accordingly, the Ywrbindiul · '; between the capacitor 15 and the Konniut.ierun ^ s- i

thyristor 16 (which as ivO / iiautierun ^ skleame beaeiclmet v / earth ought to have a charging thyristor 18 and an inductor 19 the positive terminal of the .battery connected. The charge thiyristor 10 is connected to an 'iriggerkreis' which is so it is arranged that he should take him at the same time as the Kauptthyristor triggers.

The secondary circuit thus works as follows » If the current is via the contacts described below is switched on, the main thyristor 12 and the charging thyristor conduct 16 at the same time. The commutation thyristor 16 is non-conductive at this time, so that commerce is small of the capacitor 15 this via the inductor 19 and

ϊ,

the charge thyristor 18 charges to a positive potential. For described below ^': ründen this KleVnme norrialerweise sets with a negative, the battery voltage "same Spannun; a, so that due to the effect of the inductor 19 of the positive Ladun-; sstrom long continues to flow,

909830/0675 BAD ORIGINAL,,. ./,,

1ο

up to the clothes a positive potential of approximately deajt three times the battery voltage «

Accordingly, the cipannun ^ efucrte to the coinmutation; scondenser is considerably more redeemable than in iai rules known in the past . Meanwhile, a pulse of load current flows through the motor and the main thyristor 12. After a certain period, which depends on; is from the circuit of a pulse generator used to control the motor power, the tri-er signals for the main thyristor 12 and the charging thyristor 18 are terminated and ^{a pulse is then fed to the I 1 of} the commutation thyristor 16, 30 that this is now leading. Deazi.fol ;; e also discharges the capacitor 15 via the .uoimiutierin thyristor 16 and causes a current in the main thyristor 12, which couples the load current (v / as a; .. ch so on; it can be rushed that the Load current is diverted via the capacitor 15), so that the main thyristor, as already on; -: Q. -Evenly, is switched off. The capacitor then charges through the Liotor circuit, and the load current circulates due to the inductance of the solderer via the diode 17.

Any leakage inductance that is not from the diode 1? bridged e.g. the inductance of battery loads, causes an excess voltage from the capacitor 15, which exceeds the battery voltage. It can be shown that in a machine where the load current and

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the leakage inductance is unique. Parameters are a reduction in capacity so that we can increase this omni excess. The excess voltage is also directly proportional to the load current, so that the arrangement has the desired effect, so that when the load current rises, the corrosion energy also rises. If the capacitor has taken up its charge, which is equal to the battery voltage plus the voltage excess, the anode voltage of the main thyristor falls to the. Voltage 'of the positive battery terminal, while the anode of the Kommutieruii; sthyrintors drops to a potential that as a result of 3etra' · it of: 8pmmun ^v süberSchusses is still negtitiver than that of the lie ative Jiatterieklemme and KoaiiiiutiGrunisthyristor and the Ladetliyristor v / ercien both switched off. The jiat zur! «" Ol-je, that the commutation terminal of the capacitor, as mentioned above, has a negative starting voltage when the main thyristor becomes conductive. For example, in a system of 56 volts the commutation terminal of the capacitor have a negative initial voltage of 50 volts, which changes to a positive voltage of approximately 12 volts when the main transistor and the charging thyristor are switched on.

Thanks to the relatively high opamiun _t atf which the capacitor is charged, it is possible a much smaller capacitor to use when he was required in known systems. This reduction in the size of the

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** ■ ■ »a ^mm

Coil capacitor value together with the increase in voltage surplus, as stated above, reduces, even if other things remain the same, the waste of energy in the koi. In certain cases, the power of the Kornmut ierun / -; sthyri st or s 16 can be reduced to a tenth of the power of the main thyristor 12, while the power of the charging thyristor 18 can be reduced to about a hundredth of the power of the lead thyristor 12. For example, the UMo power of the charging thyristor 18 can not be greater than 2 amperes, while that of the commi: tieruii ' ^f : thyristor 16 for the commutation of a 3 current of 200 amperes can be 20 amperes. This enables safe commutation to be achieved with a minimum of costs.

The complete circuit, Fig. 2

There are many details in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity of the complete circuit has been omitted. These details are shown in Figure 2, with some of the Side circles are shown as boxes, the details of which in the. the following figures are shown. The circuit

_o contains 8 relays or contactors, the numbers 1-8

co and their contacts with the same reference number

^ another digit separated by a dash

o ■ ■

C) are net. A number of neo-circles, which in later fi

cn · strings are shown end at one of these relays, as in FIG the Jilock diaphragm is indicated «.

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The in JB ¹ I '; arrangement illustrated to 7 acids 2 is for a Jteuerυηj oatterie ^ etriebenen tfahrzeu / s jedacht. As can be seen from Fi; 34 and a key holder 35 is connected to an auxiliary busbar 36. In a similar way, the ne ative circuit 37 of the battery is led to a ne-yative busbar via a winding of one or two turns 30 and a load current resistor 39. The Wicklua ;; 38 i; -jt coupled to the inductor 19 (the polarity of which is indicated by the dots), so that at the beginning of a load current pulse it induces a voltage in the inductor which increases the otrom which charges the Koi-imutierun ^ capacitor 15. The V / iCidun ^ 38 is in the illustration; the drawing is connected to the ne ative battery line; however, it is clear that it can also be connected to the positive battery line.

The arrangement contains a number of arrangements in the event of overcontrol, which are actuated via the relays 2, 3> 4 and 6. The speed of the vehicle is tested by means of a foot pedal which actuates a potentiometer 45, described later, and also a lithium switch 46 with the contacts 46/1 and 46/2. The communal contact of this \

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liikrosclialters is exi eschloasen on the auxiliary busbar 36, while the normally open contact 4ό / Ί of the Ui kro is switched via a resistor 47 and the relay 6 on the ne ative Samiel rail 4o. The normally closed x. slöserelais 8 rait dem - eueluua.ien contact of a forward / backward Jc ".. age 5o v-roun .en, who w a middle" off "position and a forward Jcontakt jo / 1

as well as a liückv / ärtkontakt 5o / 2 has. The 7ur "vir" .olcontL-kt is connected via the opule of the relay 5 with the ne ative Saraiuelscliiene 4o, while the backward "contact via the opule ues relay 4 is connected to this collective ^{ciiiene £ Ui:} jesciilossen" the Räaiswicklin'-en 3 and 4 "are respectively from the Diodon ii1 and 52 über.er bridges ο

It is made of ϊί; -. 2 shows that the relay has 3 contacts 3/1 and 3/2, which are attached to one end of the jj'eldwic ment 11

of the motor are connected, while the contacts 4 / I and 4/2 of the relay 4 is connected to your other SncUj the field winding Sindo \ IENN so the relay is 3 erre 't, the load current flows through the JTeldv / icklunj a Riclitun in the ^ But when relay 4 is stopped, the otrom flows through the field winding in the opposite direction; and when any of the relay is energized, the motor circuit is open * • Similarly, none of the relay 3 is energized and 4 when the shut-off relay-öicherheits, 8 (beschrie later under those conditions)

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never aroused lit, or if the seat switch revenge '--e closed, so that the .lotor! not lä ft -.-. The contacts 46/2 of the pedal iliicro switch are bridged by a forward-backward ratchet 53 with one in IIi ... pink, which is closed when either the forward contact or the Hückv / "rts contact is reached. The pedal potentiometer 45 -lc'it a contact area of about 100 and for a further: 3ev: e ■ "uii-7 at each end of the contact area with constant Jpannun-j still about 10 °. This enables an actuation of the ledal-llikro switch before the slide moves onto the contact surface of the lotentiometer. The jietäti-junr of the l'edal-ilicroswitch er: "et accordingly the lielais 6, the 'v / he next · .e dbesc] irie') en, 'the grids biases the main thyristor 12 and the charging thyristor 18 and opens an electric circuit which runs from the anode of the main thyristor via a resistor 57 to the positive busbar 36. This ensures that the current i-nd the charging thyristor will not be conductive before the pedal is depressed at the beginning of the Stenerunτ.

The controlled Breuis arrangement. 1 ^Ί ί. ·. 3

Before the J3esehreibunτ the ITußsteueranla ^ e, the arrangement for Controlling the current and the pulse generator shown in Fig.4 ^ it is advisable to use the braking arrangement to describe, which is shown in Fig.3. Ilir purpose is to prevent dangerously high currents from flowing through the excrement,

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when it is used for braking as it is used as a lock is known "

For this, as in Pi:?. 2, a diode 6o is shown in series with a resistor 61 in parallel with the armature of the motor - it should be remembered that a diode 17 parallel to the whole Hotor unit, including the field winding is laid and that the last-mentioned diode ^ ewöhn-Hch serves to let through most of the current that circulates between one pulse and the next.

On the other hand, when the direction of rotation ·; ·: of the armature is reversed runs to the torque supplied to it, a electromotive force generated at the armature, which causes a current flow through the diode 6o and the resistor 61.

The controlled braking arrangement serves to apply the tension. to address, which occurs at the diode 6o and the resistor '61, when the machine is locked.

As Figure 3 shows, the circuit contains a transistor 62, the emitter of which with the positive busbar 33 via a. Resistor 63 and to the connection point between Armature and field winding of the motor via a resistor 65 and a diode 64 is connected. His. Base is over a resistor 66 connected to the positive bus bar 33, and its collector is across the coil of the relay

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ZLi led to a point 68, which via a resistor 69 to the negative busbar 4o and via a Zener diode 7o is connected to the positive busbar 33. the Relay coil is bridged by a diode 71.

If now the anode of the diode 6o is sufficiently positive, iim to indicate that a locking is taking place the transistor 62 conducts and the 13re; asrelais 1 is energized. The contacts of this relay change the mode of operation of the foot control circuit, as shown below with; .3reference to Pig. 4 will be rubbed.

The Pedal Latexiarun .-!;. the current limit circle and the momentum s; , enar at or _f 3? ig. 4th

Fi-i.4 zei ^r ; t the potentiometer 45 of the pedal and its connection to the circuit limiting the current. The slider of potentiometer 45 can be manually controlled, but it is described as being controlled by the foot. The ends of the potentiometer are connected to the two further potentiometers 81 and 82 which are connected in series and run between a positive busbar 8o and the negative busbar 4o. The positive busbar 8o is kept at a constant voltage of 10 volts by means of a Zener diode 83, and it is connected to the positive auxiliary busbar 36 via the resistors 84 and 85. The connection point

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between these two resistors is led to the negative busbar 4o via a capacitor & 6.

Accordingly, the slide of the pedal potentiometer 45 operates between two voltages, which are determined by the potentiometers 61 and 82, respectively. Depending on the battery voltage, which can run between 24 "and 8o YoIt, the value of the resistor 84 is chosen so that it allows about 400 milliamps to pass through. The capacitor 86 causes intermediate battening. The pedal is mechanically pretensioned by a ^ q so that the slide of the potentiometer 45 is in the lit position which is determined by the potentiometer 81 (about 7 volts), and a depression of the pedal moves it to the potential which is determined by the potentiometer 82 is (about 3 volts). This jjewe ^ un * of the pedal sternum _; 5 causes a linear adjustment of the switch-on factor or the ratio of the pulse time from a certain small value to the unit On moving the pedal control the pedal micro-switch 46.

The achie., He of the pedal potentiometer 45 is normally about one closed contact 1/2 of the Heiais 1 with the Connected input of the pulse generator. The connection runs through a Y / resistor 87, a Y / resistor 88 and one Resistor 89. to the base of a üransistor 9o.

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The resistor 88 is bridged by a diode 91, while the three resistors are bridged by a diode 92. The connection point of resistors 88 and bSt is connected via a capacitor 93 to the positive atromscliiene 8o and forms with resistors 88 and 87 a time delay on the pedal voltage, so that no matter how fast the pedal is depressed, the amount of the drop in voltage is displayed the base of the transistor 9o is limited to a harmless value. "If the deceleration device were not available, then a rapid depression of the pedal in the auxiliary motor would produce a throttled current. A delay of about 3 oktaiden is sufficient to overcome the mechanical inertia of the motor and its load. The diode 91 pushing the resistor 88 quickly discharges the capacitor 93 as soon as the pedal is released, so that the delay time is fully thereby is present when it is pressed down again. The pulse generator is accordingly controlled by the output voltage of the pedal potentiometer via the transistor 90, which acts as an impedance converter.

The base of the transistor 9o is still through a diode connected to a current limiter circuit, which will be described later, while the connection point of the resistors 88 and 89 through a diode 94 to the normally open contact 1/3 of the brake relay 1 is connected, which also

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connected to the slide of potentiometer 81

The resistors 87 and 89 have a smaller resistance value as the Y / resistor 88 and serve as the capacitor 93 opposite the dio-cb the diodes 92 and 135 flowing otrömmen to isolate · This ensures that capacitor 93 does not delay the current flowing through diode 135 and that the reduction in the pulse width when closing the « Contact 1/3 also occurs immediately when the machine is blocked. The diode 94 ensures that the capacitor 93 charges in a few milliseconds to the voltage that is set on potentiometer 81 as soon as the key switch 35 is closed and thereby voltage is supplied to the circuit of the pulse generator. It can do that Pedal is pressed immediately and the motor is controlled when the key switch is closed

The output side of the same is used to create a Schmidt trigger circuit to control a pair of transistors 1o1 and 1o2 together with a Klammerliransistor 1o3-contains. The emitter of the transistor 9o is connected to one terminal of the capacitor 1o5 via a resistor 1o4, which is also connected to the collector of transistor 1o3 while the other capacitor terminal is connected to the positive busbar So. The collector of the transistor 1o3 is connected to the base of the transistor 1o1. Therefore, the voltage at the emitter of the transistor 9o charges the capacitor 1o5 negatively, so that the "

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Voltage at the base of transistor 1oT above the level de ;; 8chmidt-i ⁿ ri'-p: ers assumes that when this occurs, transistor 1o2 turns off and turns transistor 1o3 on. The capacitor 1o5 then begins to discharge through the transistor 1o3 and a variable resistor 1o6 and - "finally; switches off the dchmidt circuit. The play of the Schinidt tri jers is in connection with the" setting of the potentiometer 81 and the variable resistance 1οβ used to set the initial pulse widths at the collectors of the transistors 1o1 and 1 o2 ax £ about 6 IJilliseconds and the pulse intervals atf about 40 milliseconds. This low initial value of the switch-on factor is required to reduce the friction forces of the Zv motor and its load The variable resistor 1o6 is bridged by the series connection of a resistor 127 and the contact 1/1 of the brake relay 1. In order to reduce the pulse width even further when braking.

The collectors of transistors 1o1 and 1o2 ran in differentiating circles, one of which is »a capacitor 1o7 and a resistor 1oB and the other contains a capacitor 1o9 and tinen resistor 11o. The respective • those are the connection points of capacitor and resistor . to the. Slopes of class B power amplifiers connected, in the one case transistors 111 and 112 and in the

* ■ ■ ■ ■ - ■ * "

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other IPaIIs contain transistors 113th and 114 to the Commutation thyristor 16 via a mode 115 and the Ilaupttliyristor 12 and your charging thyristor 18 via a diode To supply gate impulses.

The arrangement is made so that when the Pedals the switch-on factor of the load current impulses increases until a switching factor of "one" is reached and the main thyristor is continuously conductive. This state of permanent conductivity of the main thyristor 12 is achieved in that the potentiometer 82 is adjusted so that at full Stepping down the ^ edals at the emitter of the transistor 9o lying voltage, which the Jpannun ^ steeper over the resistance 1o4 and the variable Y / resistance 1o6 is, 3era.de the transistor Ιοί daiernd eschalt et holds. Dtr Schmidt-Kreis therefore stops swinging and the Main thyristor 12 is conductive.

The way the pulses from diodes 115 uad 116 den Thyristors are fed is from Fi; »2 essiekfelieli. Thereafter the diode 115 is directly connected to the trigger electrode of the Commutation thyristor 16 .connected, which in turn via eijxen resistance 117 and also over the contacts 5/3 of the Uia control relay or Kontairfegebers 5 to the negative collective · - '. sQiiieiie 4o aage is closed «The diode 116 is over dea normalarw®isis offe & ea Ko & takt S / 2 of the Zündrslais 6 with the

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badobÄac

■ Connected to the main thyristor. Usually closed contact 6/1 of the ignition relay is with the negative Jar-iaielschiene 4o connected to which also the Tri. ^ Er via a resistor 118 and the contact 5/2 of the reversing contact ; rebers is connected. also is the trigger electrode of the main thyristor 12 via a resistor 119 and the ± rim ".rwickliin <r of a transformer 12o to the negative .Busbar relent. The secondary winding of this 'liran .formators are in series with a diode 121 between ϊγϊ er x.rad lü-method of the charging thyristor switched. The said Series connection is also through a resistor overpresses. ·

So if the ignition relay 6 is aberre.t (by releasing the pedal), the Trijg'r of the main thyristor is short-circuited opposite its cathode via the contacts 6/1. If this relay is fed to the tripger of the main thyristor 12 impulses via the diode 116 and the relay contacts 6/2 via the initial downward movement of the pedal latch, and at the same time 12o impulses are transmitted to the trigger of the charging thyristor 18 via the transformer . The main thyristor is bridged by the main reversing contacts 5/1 of the reversing contact transmitter, which is erres-t as described below if the manual control is held in the position for full speed for an extended period of time.

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This eliminates the ^r> erin ~ en Spannun -'- sabfall the main thyristor 12, while the contacts close; 5/2 and 5/3 the tri ^ er with the cathodes of the main thyristor 12 and of the commutation thyristor 16 briefly, and at the intermediate positions of the pedal the Jchmidt circuit delivers impulses, which thus have a duration of v / ie change in the ITreqvenz, including the main thyristor, the Κοηιώπ tierungs thyristor and the charging thyristor, in order to change the switch-on factor progressively in the manner already described.

It should be pointed out that when the motor is used for electrical braking and when the brake relay 1 of the controlled brake unit is activated in the manner described above, contacts 1/2 open and contacts 1/3 close so that the position of the pedal potentiometer 45 has no effect and the pulse generator behaves as if the pedal were released. In addition, the contacts I / I and Ie5en close the resistor 127 in parallel with the variable resistor I06, whereby its effective resistance and thus the pulse width is reduced. In this way, the device offers the possibility of a controlled electrical braking at which the current pulse width is substantially reduced is less (about half as long) than the minimum of the pulse width, which is reached with normal operation with the pedal in the completely switched off La ^r -e.

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BAD ORfGlNAt ^; *

The arrangement for current limiting _f Fi.:- ;. 4th

The left-most part of Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for Current limiting based on the voltage drop across the series resistor 39 responds in the load circuit. This resistance, through which the full load current flows, should in general have a resistance of a few milliohms. The negative end of this resistance is about a changeable one Resistor 131 connected to the base of a transistor, which is connected to the current "

rail öo is connected, which as remembered a controlled has positive voltage of 1o YoIt. The other end of the load y / i resistor 39 is connected to the emitter of transistor 132, its collector to the positive busbar So via a resistor 134 and also via a diode 135 connected to the base of transistor 9ο of the pulse generator is.

If the load current now exceeds a value due to the setting of the variable resistance 131 f q stiele, the transistor 132 switches off and the base of the transistor ^ o from the positive busbar 8o via the resistor 134 and the diode 135 Current zv led. This limits the drive provided by the pulse generator. The arrangement contains a closed loop and effectively limits the:, branch current aii a pre ^ ereoenen value. This can be a -eei. net en - ^ etraj below the value oei den the commutation

^: 909830/0675 _ ₂₆ _

BATH ORIGINARY ...,

becomes unreliable, -.and it can be discontinued Protection of the engine and transmission can be achieved, without the maximum three-dimensional torque being significantly reduced. The resistor 154 is chosen so that the Current limit is not limited to maximum stepping down of the pedal but over a fairly wide range of Pedal movement and effect comint. So it can, if the Traction engine works against a strong χ-Sila load, the Electricity already reach its limit value when the tedal is about halfway down, and then it will be at further depressing the J-edal was not a remarkable one Increase in the current occur more.

The reversing contactor and digging up the process,

poison. 5 ; . '■' ■

As already mentioned, the pulse generator delivers a continuous signal when the i ^ er-al is completely depressed, so that the main thyristor 12 is continuously conductive. Nevertheless, it is very worthwhile to provide a U _: astei, erkontaktgeber 5, the contacts 5/1 of which short-circuit the main thyristor. This switches off the Yor voltage drop of a few 2-3 times at the thyristor, so that a higher speed of the close motor can be achieved and that the heat loss in the main thyristor is also largely reduced.

—27—

909830/0675

BATH ORIGINAL

The kontakt-ever is a Sinpol contact. ^ Eber with the main contacts 5/1, and ^e * "is also stranded with microswitches, d ± 3 auxiliary contacts 5/2 xaid. 5/3 contain and ver-ΐ --by that the gate impulses to the main thyristor and ziiu i ^ omauti n * n sthjrristor: elan ~ en. These are set so that = '. rie. open when the Peda. "is released, \ .o <ei the iJperrunj of the gate of the main thyristor iiacli the ά-s tojmutierun ^ stLyristor is raised. This ensures that the forward-backward" contact e .he remains closed, since the contactor 5 · siel does not open slowly when the gate impulses arrive. The I II. They are operated electromechanically to ensure that they are only operated after the main contacts have closed. .

It would be undesirable if the Umsteu8r contact ^r ~ eOer would close every time the Pe ^r Ial currently in full i, e Iai Iaeruttteri;? Edrü.ekt and accordingly ι a Yerzögerungskreis a eschaltet \ ifird as in Pig. 5 is shown. The emitter of the transistor 9o is connected via a potentiometer 141 and a resistor 142 to the positive busbar 8o carrying 10 volts. The slide of the potentiometer 141 is connected via a Schmidt-Tri.jger-Ereis, which contains a pair of transistors 146 and 147, to a transistor 140 "which is in series with a relay 7 which is bridged by a diode 141". The Eelais 7 has contacts 7/1, which are in series with the coil of the ÜmsteL.er-Jiontaktgebers

909830/0675

-26- BAD R & NAU

which in turn is bridged by a diode 15ö

The Schmidt-Erijger circuit 146 and 147 is such that «r requires a higher voltage than the i'r Ig ₁ -er krice 1o1, 102 of the pulse generator. Thus the Yerzögerun'szeit of the reversing contact pebble ttvsras is longer than that of the pulse centrator, z.3. about a second longer. And this takes place although the same reliever network is used for both, namely the Y / xresistance capacitor network 88, 93, so that different erasure times are achieved as a result.

o. thus becomes, as above at; e ~ ebeii, when the iredal is pressed down to his. Bude Ü jerbrückun ^r Sr-Kontaktf boar close and bridge the Mauptthyristor.

The converter, ffi. .6

If the transferring contact stops pulsing ever since the circuit becomes effective, the voltage on the commutation capacitor 15 would slowly decrease until it is equal to the supply voltage. Around this voltage for the next commutation on the A converter is used to hold the necessary voltage of 15 o ToIt.As shown in Fig. 6, this contains a transformer 1 ^; > o with a primary winding, which is between the collectors of a transistor pair 161 and 162 is switched, so the feedback connections

909830/0675

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BATH

. Respectively to the bases and the emitters of these transistors are laid. The secondary winding is connected to a rectifier bridge 163 connected, the negative terminal of which is connected to the neutral busbar 4o and the positive terminal to which it is connected a resistor 164 to the commutation terminal of the commutation capacitor 15 is performed, Ba seems unnecessary, den Describe transducers in detail, as every suitable type used by converters to "charge the Commutation capacitor upright «u received. ,

The safety guard, ffig «,?

As an additional Sohutae or Siohejfuags measure in the event of failure, the hold relay 8 and the circuit shown in FIG. 7 are provided. If this relay is de-energized _{, its contacts 8/1 and then open, as can be clearly seen from? If f} 2, so that the forward-backward contactor fails. In addition, relay 2 becomes aberre.'t and opens its contacts 2/1 and then interrupts the liftdt current circuit. The same ^. Opening the Sitaschwitch 49 or the Sohlüeeeleo holder 35 has the effect.

The aberration of the elaie came to different extents be brought about

When iygendwemn the "main thyrieto" 12 is leading and tie "Ignition of the commutit" uagttky; ri * teT · no commutiunp- 'causes, so that both Thy »t * t © * e» fleieka-sided conductive : ■ $ 6

BATH

ieTYes are _β wi © can be seen, both terminals of the communication condenser 15 "connected to the negative busbar 4o Basis'eines transistor 175 - leads / per-r This transistor controls a transistor 176 solialt in series with the relay from 8 Xlenn profiled so at some point the haup-tt yipistor and Koamutier-sthyristor un.r-equilateral be conductive.. should, so that the motor would run rnigo at full speed, then the / ibsoaaltrelais 8 would be de-energized and the contact of the Yorwär.ts-Eüekwärts ~

Saiso wells ©! · © Mögllch.k®lt is _s dal the ladethyristos? 18 nods Gb30cold <b1j, and if ia & n sr and üqv commutation thyristor 1 © are also conductive, then the battery voltage would be connected to the inductor 19 and the Wid @ 3fsianö 12.6 in Heine g «schal-15 © -ö. In order in solo Malians to di *. Switch-off device? M actuate ^ is the Yerbindun ^ spunkf of the resistor and & ®t Kemtakit 2/1 connected to the negative busbar via resistors 177 and 178, and d @ a? The connection point of the two so-called resistors is led via a diode 179 and Baals de transistor 175. Accordingly, in the

ί
■ SBgtleitea fall di * ganse Butt er the tension over the

Ö08I30 / 067S " ³¹ "

BATH

Resistor 126 is diverted, and the switch-off relay "-". · ■ 8 de-energized · In order to additionally cause the forward-reverseB-Eontaktzeber will be switched off

■ "-,! ■

the contacts 2/1 each open and interrupt the charging circuit, 'whereby the charging thyristor and the commutation thyristor are switched off. To restart, the pedal must be released to instantly toggle the Eedal microswitch 46. ^!

As an additional 3eitra: ⁵ · 126 provides to this fuse arrangement the resistance EIA suitable means for controlling the voltage is, to which the commutation capacitor is charged. S is ailgemeinen expedient ei _r xien capacitor 15 having a Working voltage of about 15o YoIt and thyristors with dperrspannungen of about 2oo YoIt to use, wherein the charging voltage stress about 13o volts without jerk i el-t on the battery should not exceed. This can be done through a suitable choice of the value of the

ι resistor 126 can be ensured.

It is also desirable that the motor not be energized is supplied when a mechanical brake is applied. This is achieved in that one terminal of the capacitor 15 through a resistor 181 and contacts 18o, the operated by the mechanical brake pedal, to the negative 3arniaelschiene is connected.

909830 / 067S -52-

BAD ORIGIiJAL

FIG. 8 shows a slightly modified form of the arrangement of Fig. 1, in which the primary winding 38 of the Fi-. 2 included and coupled to the charging inductor 19 as in FIG but ι it is connected to another part of the load circuit, namely, with -the part of the load circuit, by, the diode 17 is bridged. L! ο with is the primary winding 38 of FIG. 8 between the anode of the Main thyristor 12 and the field winding of the Ii ο tors | switches while it, according to Fi .2, between the negative terminal 37 of the .Batterie and the load resistor 39 is. The phase position of the winding 38 remains the same, as indicated by the phase point at which End that connect to the anode of the main thyristor is. '

The an or dm Ji "according to Fig. 8 reduces the momentary tension ;; at the charging condenser 13 »if the batxerie current suddenly breaks off. Thus occurs in the bridged by the diode 17 Part of the load circuit and in the winding 38, "if they somebody Fi, /. 8 switched i. ^ T, no sudden change in current, since the Inductance of the Liotors both the current rise and the current fall attenuates when there are sudden changes in the circulation flow flowing through the diode 17. The ones from The voltage increase required for capacitor 15 is increased when the current flows in the winding 3β nevertheless achieved without the There is a risk of momentary tightening belts that Thyristors 16 and 16 could destroy. ·

909830/0675

BATH

33s was not deemed necessary in the above Description Vorztisehen for a number of less important components components reference numerals, since their nature and function from the circuit diagrams are certainly clear.

3s it should be noted that the described arrangements have a number of useful features or details that are believed to be new. In the preferred arrangement, these features are all related used together, but it should be noted that a number of these features, if desired, av.ch unän ^ i, «· can be used from each other.

b'o could, for example, in a system in which the The charging circuit is connected to the same battery terminal v / ie the main thyristor and the commutation thyristor are still useful be to use a converter to make the commutation capacitor to keep the charge voltage higher than the voltage of the battery.

In a similar way, the controlled brake circuit and the circuit limiting the load current regardless of

the other features of the invention can be used. Besides there are a number of safety precautions generally applicable to ver'aaj-en.

-34-

909830/0675

BAOORlGtNAU

Claims (1)

Claims, 1 «Control system for electrical · DC motors, at which is a DC motor in series with a main thyristor is connected to two feed lines ^, a commutation circuit with a commutation capacitor in series with a commutation thyristor connected to the main thyristor lie / rt, a charging circuit with an inductor so arranged is that he has the capacitor for the duration of Loads impulses of the load current and thus discharges it lets that to terminate such a pulse the load current is derived from the main thyristor, and at the one variable pulse generator for successive Excitation of the thyristors is present to the duty factor to change, characterized in that the main thyristor (12) and the Koinmutierungthyristor (16) respectively between opposite terminals of the capacitor (15) and a food clamp (used as the second food cycle should be designated) are switched during the Inductor (9) and the charging thyristor (18) 'containing the charging circuit between the other supply terminal (the first supply terminal should be designated) and the connection of the commutation thyristor (16) and the capacitor (15) is switched , -35 * '' 909830/0675 BAD OftfGiNAL 2. Jte er.oysteia according to Aiispr ch 1, marked thereby, that the main thyristor (12) und'der charging thyristor (18) are arranged so that they are simultaneously reached / 1. j. ot a system according to: Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the input pulse: -ener at or is controlled by a country switch - which is so good that it is a voluntary ¹ ! variable input voltage "· ersev - t and has a device, v.ni this the pulse 3 ener at or ar.z; where this device contains a delay network (8?, οβ, 93) in order to fill the pannun; to delay. 4 «Jtei.ersystem according to claim 3» dadx raw marked, ' that the pulse generator has a Schmidt trigger circuit (146, 147) as well as a device to enable this via a Delay; - ;; er; uv-sn network (β8, 93) consisting of resistor and capacitor to supply a variable Sin7 & -jijsspanntn- ^ -36- 909830/0675
BATH 5. Control device: according to iuasprucli 3 or 4, marked by a · diode (91) »which the effect of the delay, '; erun; s network cancels when the tension goes in the opposite direction corresponding to a decrease in the switch-on factor changes. 6. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a Unisteuer contact ^r boar (5), which is arranged so that it reverses the main thyristor (12) when it is set to full speed. 7t control system according to claim 6, characterized in that the reverser contact; _; Eber (5) controlled by a circuit containing a delay device (b8, 93), which serves to delay the operation of the reversing contact spring (5) until the manual control is at full speed for a certain period of time a / e- · sets. is being. 8. Control system according to one of claims 3 to 5 or according to Claim 7 »characterized in that the same delay device (öS, 93) serves to determine the amount of the impulse generator and to delay the reversing contactor (5) if the hand switch suddenly switches to full speed; e-r will provide. 909830/0675 BAD ^{ORIGINAL;? ?} " ³⁷ ~ 9 '. Tax system according to. Claim, b, characterized in, that · both the pulse generator and the control circuit for the ümatet-er-Kontaktje > er (5)! tri-jer circles (1o1, 1o2) contain, via a common delay network (1o4, 1o5) from V / idesstand and capacitor are fed and so arranged are that they respond at different voltage en deratt that the work of the Umstei he IContaktgebers (5) to is delayed after the pulse generator has worked. 1o. Control system according to one of the preceding claims; ^v ekennzeichnet duroh a load resistor (39) of low Widerstandawert which reads to the load circuit in series, and by strombeprenssende means (131-134) so as to modify, responsive to the voltage at the load resistor (39) in such a way that Wirkun "of Impulspenerators and thus prevent the load current from exceeding a specified maximum value « 11. Control system according to claim 1o, characterized in that that the pulse generator has a trigger circuit (1o1, 1o2), which is a variable via a delay network Voltage is supplied and that the current-limiting means (131-134) are arranged so that they the Srig / erkreis a additional voltage on the clock if the load resistor (39) lying voltage exceeds a predetermined value 9Q9830 / 0675 _ ₃₈ _ BATH ORIGINARY η - Λ ·., 12. üteiersysteni according to one of the previous urgent claims, characterized in that the motor is wound in deric is and that an otromkreis with a diode (6o) is available is that in bypass circuit to its armature (1o) lies, as well as © in controlled Brenskreis (1), dar aaf the cipannun.fj at the anchor responds ttnd serves to the pulse generator to control the .Jr e ms en or lock the Limit load current. 13 · Control system according to claim 12, dadirch, ^ e characterizes, that the controlled, -üremskreis d-.zu serves, a helper for Override of the manual switch zx. actuate Lud at the impulse generator to cause the generation of impulses, the correspond to a certain low switch-on factor. 14. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a safety shutdown unit (o), the a.f die Jpannun-; en'am Hai.pttliyristor (12) and am Aommutier ".n.; sthyristor (16) responds if these two thyristors should conduct at the same time and which should conduct the contacts controls in the load circuit so that they open as soon as this condition should occur. -39- 909830/0675 ORIGINAL BATHROOM Γ '' 15.! Control system according to one of the preceding claims, ekonnzeiclmet by a 31 security-Absehalteinheit (β), which e. f, the voltage then responds a point between the charging thyristor (1b) and the first supply terminal when both the charging thyristor (1b) and the Kommutierun _t ^r rstiiyristor (16) to guide the same time and which is arranged so that it contacts in the load circuit controls in such a way that they open as soon as this condition should occur. 16. The control system according to claim 14 and 15 »re-identifies by usual amplifiers (111-114) and Heiais, which so are ordered that they respond to both conditions. 17. Control system according to one of the preceding, urgent claims, dadurcL. , characterized in that the charging inductor (19) the seconds dar vv ic ill.113 forms a transformer whose primary winding (3ö) is switched on in the load circuit. 18. Control system according to claim 17, characterized in that the primary winding (38) ax s consists of more than four turns or is a straight conductor. 909830/0675 BATH ORIGINAL. . · 19 · Control system-according to claim 17 or 18, characterized ■ denotes that the Erimärwickl «n- (38) and the Hotor are included in part of the load circuit, the is bridged by a diode (17), which is polarized in such a way that it prevents the supply current from flowing through si ■ prevents, however, current from circulating through them during the time intervals between the pulses. 2o. Control system according to one of the preceding before claims, -τekennzeichnet by a transducer (39) "of the excited by the feed stream and on Kommutieri n ^c skondensator is connected (15) to this · at a temperature above the supply voltage UpaniTun:. To keep if the circuit does not give a pulse. The patent attorney 909830/0675
BATH ORIGINAL Lee r soap