DE1538396A1 - Control system for electric DC motors - Google Patents

Description

SteL_ersystem for electric Üleiclistrorrimotoren (Gases No. 1o) The invention relates to control systems for electrical DC motors, especially, if not exclusively Lich for from a battery an-etrie; -, a vehicle, and they refers to soLcl.i: o systems in which a: direct current, motor in series with a. Main thiyristor to zv! Ei Speisel tLuz- ° en is closed, a KoiimLitierungsli, rice with a hommutierun, skondensatör in line with a Kominutiexunf # s- thyristor in parallel with the main tAyristor, a charging is arranged with an inductor so that it densat or during the duration of lnipi releasing the load, sstro-- mes atflloads and lets it discharge in such a way that zLLr terminates The creation of such an impulse takes the load current from the main stor is derived from and in which a changeable im- ' pulse = thatator to follow one another; end of excitement .-- un: @ des Tl, .yri-- stors is present, '-: ". m to change the switch-on factor. The present invention is concerned with improvements for the effectiveness, operational safety and economic such. arrangements. According to the present invention, the charging inductor forms the secondary winding un`; of a Trarisformator 'whose primary winding 11. #. Nf; is connected to the load circuit. That causes the charge absorbed by the commutation capacitor is proportional to tional with the load s.3trora grows. The primary development may or may consist of fewer than four winds so ", - r.ar as: eradlini -, he head run. The primary winding; i..nd the engine can be in one part of the load circuit must be switched on, the d, irch a diode is bridged, which is so -polar that it prevents the flow of current from the food disturbance prevents, however, a circulatory Generating current during the interval between vaccinations: lo sen flee lo, ß: The variable pulse ", enerE;, tor is usually done by hand -este-L ert, where the A, edrL.ck EIands: expensive, of course a l'uss-tax, includes. - The lmp-L: lo _ =. Enerator can be operated using a hand stab device; _-be controlled by someone who wants- Freely changeable one to = ... sspannün-, erzen t and Kittel zur Delivery of the same to the ImpLls, @enerator including one Delay! #: Erun: snetz, @ ierks has to change the 1 of the impulse, ene- rator zu-efizhrtenpannunin Richturi on a tel; @erL {n "des. Switch-on factor zL- delay, - "renew. - There can be different forms of impulse; - enerators can be used, but contains in an advantageous manner order of the pulse generator a Schmidt-2ri, -ger circuit as well as means to this via a delay run network from cons stand and capacitor as well as E - possibly also via one of the Impedance to; -matched transistor circuit a variable input initial voltage to feed J. The arrangement can contain a diode around the wire of the delay: # @ erun "fsnetznetzes to cancel when the voltage in the ent @; e #eni_esetzt Rieh do; changed. The activation Such a delay is above all desirable = r: ert, 1._m a To prevent the load current from starting too quickly, if the hand control suddenly goes into the #itellun; for full control dizziness is brought about, The invention; _. uses before ° sv; otherwise an impulse energy gate where the length of the impulses up to a point "estei- in which the main thyristor is continuously permeable is so that it has a switch-on factor "one"er; =, ibt. Haunted d towenil.er is prefer- @ prefer, a reverser contact "rather vorzi.se'ie_i, which is so en -ordered that it is the main thyristor in the position. :: of the full, T'e, #: speed reversed. That switches off the slight spaiziiun @ "sabfall am Ha, ptthyri stor -, it enables a slightly higher ._otor_ speed What is obtained is, among other things, that, for example, the :: erin e loss in the IT main The utn-ste # er-contact; rather t # iyrl.stor ii ## c '. "ver rin value becomes. is forwarded to -s-- by one with a delay device, ver.; e__o en; circuit that serves to make the work of the, reversing contactor to delay until the manual control look for a predetermined period of time in the position for has found full speed. f 1 The same delay device can be used to the functionality of the pulse generator and that of the reversing contact to delay the encoder if the hand control suddenly switches to the Position for full speed 'is moved. So included in one arrangement both the pulse generator and the Circuit for controlling the reversing contact,; eberb trigger Circuits a which have a. common delay luxi network are fed from resistor and capacitor, whereby the Trigger circuits are designed in such a way that they address different voltages, so that the #working time of the Reversing contactor under that of the pulse generator hesitates. In one embodiment of the invention, the system includes one Resistance of low resistance in series with the Load circuit -and middle-, which depend on the voltage limit the current at the load resistor in order to to restrict and prevent the pulse generator, that the load current exceeds a predetermined maximum value. Where the pulse generator contains a trigger circuit, the one above a delay network to-e- the current-limiting means can be arranged in this way that they add an additional voltage to the trigger circuit. lead when the voltage at the load resistor is at a predetermined level Value exceeds. The engine is preferably through in a known manner a diode bridged, which is polarized so that it one [Current flow. prevented by them from the food pom source, <however, a current flow through: she and the: motor allows, if deX main thyristor between the. Pulses of the load current is switched off. . Furthermore, a preferred form of the original invention contains which the motor is wound in series, one Circuit with another, shunted to its connection lying diode and a controlled brake circuit that is on responds to the potential at the armature and serves to generator to limit the load current when braking or Lock control. " The designed brake circuit can: serve as a relay to be operated to switch off the manual control g and to to induce pulse generator., pulses corresponding to a to generate a predetermined low e3next factor, In one embodiment. the invention contains the Okay one. Safety switch, the ni.; F the fetentiale `responds to the Hal.ptthyristor and the commutation thyrstar, who both thyristors should be conductive at the same time uud which is arranged in such a way that ey opens contacts in the load circle, if this should occur. Preferably, as stated in the simultaneous: Patent " registration C. . :. . . . ... . . . . : (Gases 4) is claimed, the Main thyristor and the commutation thyristor are each connected to opposite. Connections of the capacitor and a supply terminal me (which should be referred to as the second supply terminal) closed, during the the inductor to the. Zadethyjrstor containing the charging circuit between the other supply terminal (the should be referred to as the first supply terminal) and the binding of the commutation thyristor and the capacitor peels. The main t ayristor and the charging thyristor disposed so as to set g glechzeti "in transition will. . Compared to known arrangements, this allows Device because: ß the capacitor on a much higher level. Voltage than that of the supply source is charged, and this allows tlnter other things that the capacitance of the capacitor and the power of the commutieruxa.gsthyaristor tnd the charging-- thyristors are considerably reduced in urine. Such an arrangement can #, a safety switch contained by the potential of a point between the Zadethyristor and the said first supply terminal dependent is and responds when the charging thyristor and the commutation thyristor at the same time conductive and so arranged is "that he opens contacts in the load circuit: if this occurs. should. In order to meet both conditions, a common- Amplifier and a common relay are used. The system -may-contain-a converter, which is controlled by the @ 'th supply source is excited and with the commutation = gskonden-, . Bator, is connected in such a way that it has a voltage charged. which is greater than the supply voltage, when the circuit does not pulsate. Other features and details of the invention go below from the description below of some for example given embodiments on the basis of the attached drawing lungs. ., ". In these two it is Fig: 1 is a simplified circuit diagram of the main part ' of the circuit to explain its working principle; Fig. 2 is a complete circuit diagram showing a number of sub-circuits in block farm time; Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the gesteL.erten brake arrangement; Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the foot control of the circuit for current limitation and the pulse generator; Fi-. 5 a circuit diagram of the circuit for the actuation Training of the reversing contact, ° transmitter and the delay circuit; 6 is a circuit diagram of the converter; 7 shows a circuit diagram of the safety switch and Fi. B. and 9 circuit diagrams, similar to that of Fi -j. 1, the show two different ab- ", changed arrangements. D @ basic circuit. Fig. $ `. `_. .. As from Fig. 1 is the basic circuit of known type, in which a series connection wound i DC electric motor an armature 1o and a Peldwiok- ment 11 has and via a main thyristor 12 to 'a Battery 1.4 is connected Pulses are fed to the trigger of the thyristor periodically to make conductive and so the one supplied to the motor and-to control energy developed by this. As is well known Once activated, a thyristor remains conductive. until the voltage applied to it below a certain-YJert falls: Therefore, to end the current pulses, a communication tierungskreis, which has a capacitor 15 in series with a Contains commutation thyristor 16, in parallel with the main _ thyristor 12 laid. Arrangements are provided for the Capacitor 15 in a so-called reversed polarity load, so that when the commufion thyristor 16 excites is.t, the capacitor 15 is via the main thyristor 12 discharges with a current - which is contrary to the charging current sets runs. As a result, the current falls through the Main thyristor 12 below its threshold and the main thyristor is switched off. . A diode 17, which is polarized in this way, is located parallel to the motor that they don't. Lets current from the battery. however too- lets deß @ a circulating current through them and the motor f11eß # when the main thyristor 12 switches off. and the Capacitor 15 through the motor to full battery voltage is charged. To charge the commutation capacitor 15 'Bind different circuits containing an inductor are known. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a such circuit between the capacitor and the posi- tive terminal of the battery. Accordingly, the connection dung - between the capacitor 15 and the commutation thyristor 16 (which are referred to as Kƒmmatierungsklemme should) over. a charging thyristor 18 and an inductor 19, the positive terminal of the battery connected. The loading thyristor 18 is 4iit 'connected to a trigger circuit, the so is arranged that he it at the same time with the main thyristor 12 triggers. ,,. . . @ The basic circuit thus works as follows: When the current is through the "contacts described below." . is switched on, the main thyristor 12 and the load dung thyristor 18 at the same time. The communication bypass byyristor 16 is non-conductive at this time, so that the commutation clamp the capacitor-15 this over the inductor 19 and. charges the charge thyristor 18 to a positive potential. For reasons described below, this clamp is set usually with a negative, the battery voltage. equal voltage, so that due to the effect of the induction gate 19 the positive charge current continues to flow until there is a positive potential of sewing at the terminal three times the battery voltage. That is, according to the commutation capacitor , Voltage considerably greater than with similar known regulations. Meanwhile a pulse of load current flows through the motor and through the main thyristor 12. After a certain period, which depends on the circuit of a nes to control the engine power serving pulse generators'. tors, are the trigger signals for the main thyristor 12 and the charging thyristor 18 terminated and it will. then the trigger of the commutation thyristor 16 is supplied with a pulse so that this, now.leitf. As a result, the condensate discharges Sator 15 through the Konmutierungthyristor 16 and calls one .Current in the main thyristor 12, which .compensates the load current . wins (which can also be viewed in such a way that the load current -over, the capacitor 15 is derived), so that the main thyristor, as already stated, is switched off. The condens sator loads. then via the motor circuit, and the, Load current circulates over due to the inductance of the motor the diode 17.- Any leakage inductance that is not bridged by diode 17 becomes, z ».B. the inductance of battery loads an excess voltage resulting from the capacitor 15, . that goes beyond the battery voltage. It can be gen that in a machine 'in which the load current and U0 stray inductance their peculiar: parameters are, one! Downsizing the capacity has an effect on this chip. to enlarge the excess of the nut. The Spannüngseersehuß is _ # uch- * directly proportional to the load current, so that the arrangement has the desired property that when the load stromas, the commutation energy also increases. After this the capacitor has taken its charge that same The battery voltage plus the voltage excess will drop the änodenspaünun.g of the main thyristor on the voltage of the , positive battery terminal off, while the anode of the commu-. tierungstbyristor drops to a potential that as a result the amount of the Spanuunsübersehussee is even more negative as. that of the negative battery terminal and the commutation. thyristor and the liaäethyristor are both switched off. As a result, the commutation terminal of the capacitor tors, as mentioned above, has a negative angular voltage, . when the main thyristor becomes conductive. For example, in a system of 36 volts the commutation terminal of the moon :. Bators have a negative initial voltage of 5e volts. the changes to a positive voltage of approximately 12o volts, when the main thyristor and the charging thyristor are switched on be switched. Thanks to the relatively high voltage to which the. capacitor is charged, it is possible to use a significantly to use smaller capacitor than he is known with Systems was required. This reducing the size of the Capacitor values s, together with the - Increase de Spa s = ungs = excess, as stated above, is reduced, even if. other things remain the same, the waste of energy in the municipality. tion thyristor and in the charging thyristor. So can, in certain Fall the power of the commutation thyristor -16 on Tenth of the power of the main thyristor 12 can be reduced den, while the power of the charging thyristor.18 is about one roundth of the power of the main thyristor 12 can be wrestled. For example, the B.ä.S.-Lei- Stungen the charging thyristor 18 is not greater than 2 amps while that of the Xommutiermgsthyristor 16 for the Commutation of a current from Zoo Ampbre to be 2o Ampbre * can. This enables safe commutation with - a minimum of cost is achieved. The complete circuit. 2 In Fig. 1, for the sake of clarity, many individual units of the complete circuit have been omitted. These, details are shown in Pig. 2, with some of the .Sub-circles are shown as boxes, the details of which th are shown in the following figures. The circuit contains 8 relays or contactors, - the numbers 1 .- 8. wear and their contacts with .the same reference number a further number separated by a dash - are net. A number of minor circles, which in later Pi Boers are shown ending at one of these relays, hey in indicated in the block diagrams,. --The 1 arrangement shown in Figures 2 to 7 is for ] the control of a battery-powered vehicle. As can be seen from Figure 2, the positive terminal 31 is the 'Battery 14 through a main fuse 32 to a positive Main busbar 33, which in turn has a Hilfssicherün34 and a key holder 35 with a Auxiliary busbar 36 is connected, in a similar manner, the negative glue 37 of the battery over a winding of, -one or two turns 38 and a load current resistor @ . 33 led to a negative busbar 40. The winding 38 is coupled to inductor 19 (whose polarity is indicated by the spark is given), so that at the beginning of a last = current pulse induces a voltage in the inductor, which increases the current that feeds commutation capacitor A5 loads: the winding 38 is. in the representation of the drafts -connected to the nes-ative battery line; it is ever- but: it is clear that - you also contact the: positive battery line- can be closed .: The arrangement contains a number of arrangements for over- Steueruhg, the 'via the relay 2 ,. 3, 4 and 6 are operated. The speed of the vehicle is measured by means of a foot Pedals taxed, which a later described 2otentione t, he -45 and look for a microswitch 46 with the contacts. 46/1 urid 46/2 actuated. The communal contact` this The micro switch is connected to the filing system 36 - - seng while the-normally open contact 46/1 of the mi- crowitch via a resistor 47 and -the relay.6.zu the ne; @; ative busbar 4o is guided. The normal travel closed contact 46/2 of the microswitch of the Pe- dals is via a seat switch 49 and the contact 8/1 .. a safety trip relay 8 with the common con- clock 'of a Voryrärts-Rüclnxiärts switch 5o connected, the a middle "off" position and, -a forward contact 5o / 1 as well as, has a reverse contact 5o / 2. The forward contact is via the coil of the, relay 3-with the negative collective i rail 4o connected, while the reverse contact via the Coil of relay 4 connected to this busbar. is. The relay windings 3 and 4: snd each from. the diodes 51 and 52 bridged. It eats from Piü. 2 shows: that the relay has 3 contacts 3 / 1` and 3/2, which, at one end of the field winding 11 of the motor are connected - "while contacts 4/1 and 4/2 of the relay 4 -with the other: Fnd the field winding forward-; Are bound. So when the relay 3 'is energized, the flows Load current through. the field winding in the one direction; when the relay 4 is girrest, .. the current flows through the field development in the opposite direction; and if none of the relays is energized, is the: motor circuit. ape. . Likewise, none of the relays 3 and $ will be energized if the 0-27.d i.e. side shutdown relay, t (under conditions described later, is not aroused 'or if the seat switch is avenging clil: os- n is so that the xotor does not run: The contacts 4G / 2,. äe p: edal microswitches are activated by a forward-reverse Latch 53 bridged with a microswitch, .the; closed- , en'vrrd @ if either the forward contactor or the Reverse contactor is energized. The pedal potentiometer 45 »has a contact area of, et * a 1 ooo and for one more Movement in each end of the contact surface with constant Tension still about '1 o °. This enables an actuation of the Pedal microswitch before the slider is on the con-: actuation area of the potentiometer moved. The actuation of the Pedal microswitch accordingly energizes the relay 6, which, like-. described below, the grids of the main thyristor 12 and the charging thyristor: 9 8 biases and a circuit opens from the anode of the main thyristor via a Vi the stand 57 u of the positive busbar 36 runs. There- .this ensures that the main and the 'Zadeihy- ristor will not be conductive before the pedal to the beginning of the Control is depressed. The controlled braking arrangement 3 Before describing the foot control system, the arrangement for Controlling the current and the impulse shown in Piri. generator, it is appropriate to use the increased braking arrangement to describe, which is shown in Fig.3. their purpose is to prevent high currents from flowing through the motor, when used for braking, as -'it is known as locking. . For this, as in Fiö. 2, a diode 6o is connected in series with a resistor 61 in parallel with the armature of the Klotor. It should be noted that. that a diode 17 is placed in parallel with the whole motor unit, including the field winding, and that the latter DiocTe is usually used to - most of the. To let through current circulating between one pulse and the next. On the other hand, if the direction of rotation of the armature is reversed to the torque supplied to it, an electromotive force is generated on the armature, which causes a current to flow through the diode 6o and the resistor 61. The controlled braking arrangement is used to respond to the voltage that appears across diode 6o and resistor 61 when the machine is locked.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the circuit contains a transistor 62 whose emitter points to the positive busbar 33, via a resistor 63 and to the connection: between. Armature and field winding of the motor via a resistor 65, and a diode 64 is connected. Its base is connected to the positive busbar 33 via a resistor 66, and its collector is via the coil of the relay 1 , -to a point 68, which via a resistor 69 to die'negative busbar 40 and a Zener diode 7o to the positive busbar 33 is aneuchlosaen. the Relaspule is bridged by a 'diode 71:' Senn now the. rode of the diode 6o is sufficiently positive, to indicate that locking is taking place. the transistor 62 is conductive and the brake relay 1 is stimulates. The contacts of this relay change the mode of operation of the foot control circuit, as follows with reference to Fg.4 is described. The I? Edalsteuerunia, the Strombearenzungskreis and the . Pulse generator, Fi@A.4 - - Fig. 4 shows the potentiometer 4 @ of the pedal and its connection with the circuit limiting the current. The slide The potentiometer 45 can be used to manually control but it is described as being controlled with the foot. the those of the potentiometer are on. the sliders of two more. ' , Potentiometer 81 or 82 connected in series with are connected to each other and between a positive current rail 8o and the nec.ativ power rail 4o are: The positive busbar 8o is by means of a Zener diode 83 held at a constant voltage of 10 volts, and. it is with the @ positive auxiliary s-busbar 36 over the Viiderstxände 84 and 85 connected. The connection point .between these two resistors there is a condenser Sator 86 led to the negative Gtromschiene 40. Accordingly, the slide of the pedal potentiometer 45 operates between two voltage values, each of which is determined by the tiometer 81 and 82 can be determined. Depending on the battery " voltage, which can be between 24 and 8o volts, is the Value of the resistor 84 chosen so that it is approximately 400 x # lilliampere lets through.-The capacitor 86 causes a @ wi- smoothing. The pedal is mechanical by a spring biased so that the slide of the potentiometer 45 in the position; which is indicated by the potentiometer 81 (un- drive? Volt is determined and a depression of the pedal moves him to the potential indicated by the photo meter 82 is determined (approximately 3 volts). This @ Bewegungsiu @ .g the pedal ..- stel, .erung causes a linear control of the switch-on factor tors or the ratio of the pulse time of a agreed small allies to unity. As stated above, the initial movement of the 2edal control actuates the pedal I; likro switch 46: The slide of the]? Edal @ potentiometer 45 -is via a nor- sometimes closed contact 1/2 of the Reläis.1 with the Input of the pulse generator. The connection runs, across a resistor 87, a resistor 88 and a .li '(resistance 89 to the base of a transistor 9o- The resistor 88 is bridged by a diode 91, while the three resistors are connected by a diode 92 are bridged. The junction of resistors 88 and 89 is connected to the positive current via a capacitor 93 Rail 8o is connected and forms with the resistors 88 and 87 one-time delay at the pedal $ pannun; so that, how quickly the pedal is depressed, the loading carry the drop of the voltage at the base of the transistor 9: o is limited to a safe value. Would be Delay device not available then one would quickly depressing the pedal in the traction motor. ' cause throttled current: A delay of un- 3 seconds is sufficient, the mechanical inertia of the tors and its burden to be overcome .-- The resistance 88 bridging diode 91 quickly discharges the capacitor 93, as soon as the pedal is released, so that the Delay time is fully available when it is again that is being depressed. The pulse generator is demented Speaking of the output voltage of the 2 pedal potentiometer 45 via the transistor 9o acting as an impedance converter controls. The base of the transistor 9o is further connected via a diode 735 to a current limiter circuit, which will be described later, while the connection point of the resistors 88 and 89 is connected via a diode 94 to the normally open contact 1/3 of the brake relay 1, which is also connected with-the slide des.Potentiometer 81 is connected. Resistors 87 and 89- have one. smaller resistance worth 'as the 1liderstand 88 and serve to. the capacitor. I. 93, opposite the currents flowing through diodes 92 and 135 isolate men. This ensures that the capacitor 93 not. delayed the current flowing through the diode 135 and that the reduction in the pulse width when closing the Contact 1/3 immediately when the machine is locked. occurs. The diode 94 ensures that the condensate tor 93 charges in a few milliseconds to the voltage that is set on potentiometer 81 as soon as the key. ' Switch 35 is closed and thereby the circuit of the. . Pulse generator voltage is supplied. It can thus - Pedal is pressed immediately and the motor is controlled when the key switch is closed '. The exit page of the same is used to Schmidt trigger circuit to control the one. Pair of transi- interfere 1o1 and 1o2 together with a clamp transistor 103 contains. The emitter of the transistor 9o is connected via a resistor was 104 connected to one terminal of the capacitor 105. the one that is also connected to the collector of transistor 103 den is while: the other capacitor terminal with the positive tiven busbar 8o is connected. The collector ' of the transistor '1 o3' is connected to the base of the! Transistor 1o1 on. . closed. Therefore, the voltage at the emitter of the transistor pushes 9o the capacitor 1o5 ne -, - atively on-, so that -he Voltage of the base of the transistor 1o1 above the level ' . . d: eschmidt triggers. if this occurs, then switch The transistor 1o2 switches off and switches the transistor 103 on a. The capacitor 105 then remembers, via the tran- sistor 103 and a variable resistor 1o6 - load and finally switches off the Schmidt circle. That Schmidt-Tri'ers game is used in conjunction with the Position of the photentiometer 81 and the variable resistance Standes 1o6 used to set the initial pulse width to the 1foiIektoren of the transistors 1 o 1 and 1o2 to about 6 Ililli- Seconds and the pulse interval-at: f about 4o milliseconds to set: This low starting value of the switch-on factor is required to achieve the Heibun; m forces- des «Z";; @. mo- tors and its 13elastun; to overcome without actually using the engine to be set in rotation. The @ changeable contradiction stand 1o6 is from the @ eihenschaltun`: a resistance 127 and the contact 1/1 of the hremsrelais 1 bridged to the Braking to reduce the pulse width even further. The collectors of Tr Eai sistors 101 and 1o2 lie; = reg in differentiating circles, one of which has a condenser sator 1o7 and a resistor @ 1 o8 and -the other one. capacitor log: nm contains an i * liderstand '11 o @. The respective gen are connection points of capacitor and resistor connected to the inputs of class B power amplifiers. closed, the transistors 111 and 112 in one case and in the other cases contain transistors 113 and 114 to the Kommutierunlesthyristor 16 via a diode -115 and the main thyristor 12 and the charging thyristor 18 via a diode 116 To supply gate impulses. The arrangement is made so that when the Pedals the switch-on factor of the load current pulses increases until a switch-on factor "one" has been reached and the main thyroid stor is continuously conductive. This state of permanent guiding hikeit of the main thyristor 12 is achieved in that the potentiometer 82 is set in such a way that at full 13m stepping down the redals at the emitter of the transistor end of pannunö, which is transmitted to the voltage divider via the the position 1o4 and the variable resistance 1.o6 * to; .guided is, just keeps the transistor l o1 continuously switched on. The Schmidt circle therefore stops vibrating and the. Main thyristor 12 is continuously conductive. The way the pulses from the diode. 115 and 116 den Thyristors are supplied, -, can be seen from Fi - ;. 2. There- after is the diode 115 directly with the 'trigger electrode of the YommutierL, n, @ sthyristors 16 connected, .which in turn via a resistor 117 and also via the contacts 5/3 of the control relay or contactor 5 to the xiemative collective rail 4o is connected. The diode 116 is across the normally open contact 6/2 of the ignition relay. 6. with the. Tri.-even of the main thyristor connected. Usually closed. Contact 6/1 of the ignition relay. is-with the nerati- ven busbar 40 connected to which the Trig, Yer via a resistor 118 and the: contact 5/2 d: it reversing contact sensor is connected. In addition, the Triggex electrode of the main thyristor 12 through a resistor 119 and .the 2 primary Nvickluneines, transformer 12o to the ne- gative busbar laid. The secondary winding of this Transformer is in series with a diode 121 between Trigger and cathode of the charging thyrstors switched. The GE- The series is also connected by a resistor 122 bridged. . So call the ignition relay, 6 (by releasing the pedal) is excited, the trigger of the main thyristor is opposite its cathode short-circuited via contacts 6/1: Will this @ relay by the initial downward movement of the pedal reach. =: t, then the diode 116 and the relay contact te 6/2 to the @ ri ° @; he of the main bypass device feeds 12 impulses, and at the same time the trigger of the charging thyristor 18 transmitted via the transformer 12o pulses. The main- thyristor is through the main reversing contacts 5/1 of the Um constant contact; s bridged, as described below ben is aroused when the hand control is used for a Extended time in full speed position is kept. - This eliminates the small voltage drop on the main. thyristor 12, and at the same time the 'contacts close 5/2 and 5/3 the tris; j: he with the cathodes of the main thyri stors .12 and the commutation thyristor 16 short. *Both The Schhidt-; Circle impulses, which are both in duration as in frequency change, to the main thyristor, the lommutation thyristor ristor and dem.Zadetl "yristor, in order to adjust the switch-on factor in to change the Yleise already described progressively Be it. advised that when using the engine for electrical braking and if the brake relay 1 of the controlled: braking unit in the. way described above is excited, contacts 1/2 open and the contacts: Close 1/3 so that the position of the 2edal potentiome tera '45 has no effect and the pulse generator does so behaves as if. the pedal was released. Additionally the contacts 1/1 close and the resistor is closed. 127 parallel to the variable y-resistance 1o6, whereby its effective resistance and thus the ImpLClabreite \ In this way the device offers the Possibility of controlled electrical braking, both which the current pulse width is much smaller (approx half as long) than the minimum of the pulse width, which at normal operation with the pedal in the completely disconnected teten La # 7e is achieved. The arrangement for current limitation, Firm: 4 The extreme left part of the 2i7.4. creates a current limiting arrangement, which responds to the voltage drop at the series derstand 39 responds in the load circuit. This resistance that is traversed by the full load current, should in general think they have a resistance value of a few @Iilliohm. The negative end of this resistance is over a changed such resistor 131 to the base of a transistor 132 connected via a resistor 133 to the current ' The rail 8o is connected, which, as will be remembered, is a controlled one has a positive voltage of 10 volts. The other end of the load = Resistor 39 is connected to the emitter of transistor 132 tied, the collector of which via a resistor 134 an.die positive busbar £ o and also via a diode 135 the base of transistor 9ö of the pulse generator connected sen is. If now the load current is affected by setting the. resistance 131 exceeds the specified value, The transistor 132 turns off, and it becomes the base of the transi = stors ao from the. positive busbar 8o over the; 'or- stood 134 and the diode 135 energized. This is limited the drive supplied by the pulse generator @@. The order contains a closed loop and effectively limits the Load current to a specified value. This can be on one _luitable amount below the value, both comm'utation unreliable. will be set, and it can be a Protection of the engine and the transmission oluze that the maximum torque is significantly reduced. . is wrestling. The resistor 134 is chosen so that the - Current limitation not only when stepping down as much as possible of the pedal but over a fairly wide range of Fedal movement comes into effect. So it can, if the Pulling engine works against a strong load that Current already reach its limit value when the pedal. is about halfway down, and it is then at - further depressing the each is not a remarkable one Increase in the current occur more. The reversing contactor and the Fig. _ As already mentioned, the pulse generator is included a continuous signal when the pedal is completely depressed, so that the main thyristor 12 is continuously conductive. Nonetheless less is it very desirable to have a reversing contact giver 5, whose contacts 5/1 have the main thyr.stor-- short circuit. This increases the pre-tension drop of some 2 - 3 Volt_am thyristor switched off, so that a , higher speed of the traction motor can be achieved and that, in addition, the noise loss -in the Hauptthyristör far-. is going to decrease. The contactor is a single pole contactor with the , Main contacts 5/1, and it is also equipped with microswitches provided that contain auxiliary contacts 5/2 and 5/3 and should prevent .. that the gate pulses to the main thyristor and for commutation:: thyristor Melangen. These are so narrow ensures that they open when the pedal is released vrird, being the lock! - deo 'Tores the main thyristor after which the commutation thyristor is canceled. There- ensures that the forward-reverse Contactor remains decided. because the contactor 5 not at the same time; with the arrival of the gate impulse opens. The microswitches are operated electromechanically, to ensure that they are not operated until after the main contacts have closed. It would be. undesirable if the reversing Kon-baktc-, eber himself . would close every time the pedal is momentarily at full Bare pressed down and the. # em a delay circle is turned on, as shown in Fi;,: S is shown. Of the The emitter of the transistor 9o is via a potentiometer 141 and connect resistor 142 to the 10 volt positive Busbar 8o; closed: the slide of the 2otentio- meters 141 is about a Schmidt - Trilf` = er circle, which is a. Contains pair of transistors 146 and 147, with one transistor 148 connected, which is in friction with a relay 7, .that is bridged by a diode 14. The relay 7 has contacts 7/1, which is in series with the sink of the UmsteL: er contactor. liel-eng which in turn is bridged by a 15o diode. -) he Sc Yiiidt trigger circuit 146 and 147 is sized. that it requires a higher tension than the Trier circle - 1o1, 1o2 of the pulse generator. This will reduce the delay `Zeit deg Umsteuer-Kontaktr; ebers somewhat longer than that of the Pulse generator; z.ß. about a second longer. And this occurs, although .h1 has the same delay network connection for both is applied, namely the resistance-capacitor network 88, 93, so that different delay times be enough. - Thus, as above at, @ e; becomes even when the pedal is depressed until the end of the bridging contact gate closes "outside and bypass the main thyristor." -The converter, F i, -. 6 '- - - - When the overhaul; s-Kcrntaktge takes effect and the '' Circuit stops pulsing, the voltage at the commu- Tierunskondensator 1.5 slowly flow off until it is equal to the Supply voltage would be. To keep this tension for the next Ko.mu- to maintain the necessary voltage of 13o volts, a converter is used. Iie shown in Fi; .6, .- this includes a transformer 16o with a primary winding development between the collectors of a transistor pair 161 and5 162 is switched, as well as feedback; gswicklun4> s that - : -each to the bases and the emitters of these transistors are laid. The Sekrndärwic «.1"# lunö is to a rectifier terbrücke 163 connected, the negative terminal of which to ne-ativ'en busbar 4o and its positive Iflemme over a resistor 164 to the commutation terminal of the commutation approximately capacitor 15 is performed. It seems unnecessary that Describe transducers in detail, as every suitable type can be used by converters to charge the To get commutation capacitor upright: The safety look-out holder, Fi.7 As an additional protection or safety measure when The switch-off relay 8 and the one in * Fi, - ,: 7 darre- provided circuit provided. jyenn this relay fails open, as can be clearly seen from Fig. 2, its contacts 8/1 and thus the forward-backward Contact from. In addition, the relay 2 is aberre-t and opens its contacts 2/1 and thereby interrupts the charging circuit. The same effect has the opening of the seat switch 49 or the key switch 35. The de-excitation of relay 8 can be done in different ways- herb.ei led. . If sometime - the main thyristor 12 is conductive 'and the Ignition of the mutation thyristor no commutation "", acts so that: ß both thyristors are conductive at the same time, ' then, as can be seen, both terminals of the commu- tierungskondensators 15 to the negative current rail 4o connected. The two i., Learn the commutation con- densatozs 15 are respectively across resistors 171 and 172 and Diodes 173 and 174 to the base of a transistor 175 geT leads. This transistor controls a transistor 176, the is in series with the switch-off relay 8. 'So vein somehow- when the main thyristor and the commutation thyristor should be conductive at the same time, so that the motor controls - would run at full speed, then de the cut-off relay 8- are de-energized and the to # this Time just closed contact of the forward S = reverse Open contact @ ebers. Another possibility is that the charging thyristor 18- does not turns off, and if then he and the commutation thyristor 16 are conductive at the same time, then the battery voltage via the inductor 19 and. the resistor 126 connected in series be switched. In order to keep the switch-off device to operate is the connection point of the resistor 126 and the contacts 2/1 via resistors 177 and 178 to the , -4ative busbar connected, and the connection point of the last two resistors is via a diode 179 led to the base of the transistor 175. Accordingly, the The case mentioned above, the battery voltage over the Resistor 126 is diverted, and it becomes the cut-off relay 8 aberree: -t. In order to additionally cause # the- forward- lReverse contact boom is switched off, are thereby the contacts 2l1 open and interrupt the charging circuit, .which the charging thyristor and the commutation thyristor be switched off. To restart, the 2nd then released to instantly press the pedal TLJikro- switch 46 to change. As an additional: Contribution to this security arrangement the resistor 126 provides a suitable means of control. eration of tension; to that of the commutation condensation - is charged: it is generally advisable to nen capacitor 15 with an Arheitsspannunv of about -15o- Volts and thyristors with blocking voltages of about zoo volts to use, with the charging voltage about 130 volts without Do not exceed consideration of the battery voltage should. This can be done through a suitable choice of the date of the Resistance 126 can be ensured. It is also desirable that the motor not be energized is supplied when a mechanical brake is applied. This is achieved in that one terminal of the condenser sators 15 through a resistor 181 and contacts 18o, the operated by the mechanical brake pedal, to the ne-a- tive Sammelsoh @ Lene is connected. The figure 'S shows a slightly different form of the arrangement tion of Fig. 1, in which the primary winding, 38 of Fi.2. included; * and as in Fig, 2 with the charging inductor 19, Fe- is coupled; - it is, however, with another 'part of the Connected to the load circuit, namely with the part of the circle, which is bridged by the diode 17. Thus-is the primary winding. ° 38 Mach Fiu. 8 between the anode of the Main thyristor 12 and the field winding of the b, lotor-s ge switches, while, according to Fig. 2, between the @ negative ven terminal 37 of the battery and the load resistor 39. The situation of the Vlicklun, 38 remains the same, . as indicated by the phase point at which End that is connected to the anode of the main thyristor that is. . The arrangement according to Zig. 8 reduces the momentary tension at the charge deconditioner 19 when the battery power suddenly occurs breaks off. Thus, in that of, the diode 17 bypassed occurs Part. of the load circuit and in the licklunr 38, if it is appropriate Fig.8 is switched, no sudden change in current, since the Inductance of the I, iotors both the current rise and the current waste attenuates when there are sudden changes in the caused by the Diode 17 flowing circulation current occur. The ones from Capacitor 15 required voltage increase is at current river in the Wickluns38 still reached 'without the Risk of momentary overvoltages. consists of the Thyristors 18 and 16 could destroy. 21g. 9 shows a further modification of FIG. 8, in which the Zadeinduktor to the negative data terminal instead of the positive is connected. While in some cases the Connection of the inductor to the positive terminal, i.e. to the Terminal opposite to that to which the main thyrstor 12 and commutation unit 16 connected is, has particular advantages, there are Bloch also others the Areas of application in which / in Fier: 9 shown arrangement now- is an advantage. It should be noted that in .Fig. 9 the primary winding 38 as in Fig. 8 with the charging Inductor 1: 9 is coupled and connected to part of the load current circuit is connected, which is bridged by the diode 17 is' between the Feldwicklun! @ ° 11 and the main thyristor 12. Also in other respects-is the circuit of Figure 9 is the same as that of Figures 1 and B. It appears therefore it is unnecessary to describe it further. The circuit according to Fig. 9 is particularly suitable for with low inductance traction motors where it may be desirable to work with a much higher sequence, e.g. when using a start, _ ° simpuls- width of two milliseconds with an interpulse period of 16 milliseconds, with the periodicity being approximately 7 milliseconds with a switch-on factor of 0.5 [= esets will. In a particular embodiment, it has been suitable as' .. proven to use a charging inductor with 15 turns " the. is coupled with a winding38 of 3 turns. In addition to the .ÄYlderun; s shown in Fig. 9, the individual entities of the circuit be similar to those as related on the figures 2 to 7 were describedp but can be know small simplifications before @., if with 'a- work is carried out at a higher frequency In the arrangement; =, according to Fig. 9, in which the charging inductor to the negative battery terminal, namely to the same terminal how the commutation "thyristor 16 is closed" exists there is no danger of the simultaneously becoming leading; Thyrial interfering 16 and 18 would short-circuit the battery. Therefore the resistor 126, the contacts 211, the resistor resistors 177 l.nd 178 and the diode 179, which as in: connection with Fiz.7 is described, before, it were seen, -um under these Circumstances to get the switch relay off, be omitted. Likewise can. that in. Fig.4 represents: e represented resistor 127 and the contacts 1/1 of the brake relay 1 are omitted because it is not necessary, the pulse width is still during braking continue to decrease. - Also the relay 2 and the diode 1.24 as well as the resistor 1-23 the Fi:,. 2 are not required. - The desired initial pulse width can be freely selected 'Obtain the value of the capacitor 1o5. will; the one in Pig. 4th on the entrance side of the Schmidt-Yrigger-Kreis 1o2, 103 you can see. . The modified approach described with reference to Figure 9 Ordinance is useful for rear motors with a. relatively small Inductance and it is there even desirable in order to unz-Lzlaßi-e Fluctuations in the motor current - those caused by pulsations in the battery - riestromes originate to prevent. In the description above it was not considered necessary borrowed a number of less important components Mention or add a reference sign, as accepted that you -, j "esen and. their working method from the circuit diagrams clearly evident; -elit. It should be seen that the described arrangements a number of desirable features or details that should be regarded as new. While with the Preferential arrangement all these features in connection with- are used with each other, it is clear, = establishes that a number of you can use ka_.zi-b .. if you need i: iiabhänvi For example, it might be desirable to have a converter to use -to commutate; -; skonden Bator in one system on a larger span now than the Batterieshannun # r aLxfl -, - load to hold 'where the charging circuit is connected to the same battery terminal. is connected to (- is closed; like the main thyristor and the commutation run gsthyristorm Likewise. can the ", # B-controlled brake relay and the Load current limiting circuit independent of other characteristics be used. Furthermore, a number are voh. Safety precautions directions generally applicable in the event of failure,

Claims (1)

Claims 1 'Control system for DC electric motors in which a DC motor in series with a Ha1_ptthyristor on two Feed lines are connected to a commutation circuit with a commutation capacitor in series with a commutie .. tion thyriator is shunted to the main thyristor Charging circuit with an 'inductor is arranged so that ex the Capacitor during the duration of pulses of the load current charges and lets it discharge itself so that it ends of such a pulse the load current from the main thyristor is conducted, and in which a variable pulse generator for successive ErreEunt- the thyristors are available is to change the switch-on factor, characterized in that that the charging inductor (1-9) is the secondary winding of a transformer mators forms whose primary winding (38) _in the load circuit is switched on - 2. Control system according to claim i, characterized in that the primary winding (38) - made up of less than four turns or consists of a straight conductor. 3. Control system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the primary winding (38) and the motor in a part of the Load circuit 'contained, which by a diode (17) is bridged, which is polarized in such a way that the supply current is prevented from flowing through it, but a current can circulate through it during the time intervals between the pulses. 4. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, there- characterized in that the pulse generator by a Hand switch is controlled, which is arranged so that it generates an arbitrarily variable input voltage and a device to this the impulse: 3enerätor feed, this device being a delay network (87, 88, 93) includes, at the, enerator supplied to the Impu1s. - Voltage in a corresponding to an increase in the switch-on factor chenden, Richtuni; to delay:. 5. Control system according to claim 4, characterized! - däß the impulse generator has a Sehmidt trigger circuit (1469 -147) contains as well as a device to this via a delay ## network (88, 93) from Wderstand and Xondensat or a modified supply such input voltage. - 6. Control system according to Äras claim 4 or 5D characterized by - a diode (g 1). i die-, the effect of the z döreneme zrverke s cancels when the tension in de Ge ganrichtung derti, '. 7, control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a reversing contactor (5), the , is arranged so that 'it reverses the main thyristor (12) when this is set to full speed. Control system according to claim 7, characterized in that that the reversing contactor (5) by a delay. controlled arrangement (88, 93) containing circuit which is used to operate the reversing contactor (5) to be delayed until the manual control set to full speed for a certain period of time has been. 9. Control system according to one of claims 4 to 6 and according to Claim 8 'characterized in that the same delay arrangement, -a (88, 93) datu is used to operate the pulse generator and to delay the reversing contactor (5) when the manual Switch is suddenly set to full speed. 1o. Control system according to claim 9, characterized in that both the impulse,: enerator and the control circuit for the stener contactor (5) contain trigger circuits that match . Usual delay: network (1o4, 1o5) of resistance and Capacitor are fed and are arranged so that they respond at different voltages in such a way that the work of the reversing contactor (5) until after the pulse generator is delayed. 11. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a load resistor (39) of. & eringem Resistance value in series with the load circuit is, and by current limiting means (131-134), which respond to the voltage at the load resistor so that it - change the function of the pulse generator and thus prevent that the load current exceeds a given maximum value. strides. 12. Control system according to claim 11, characterized in that that the pulse generator contains a trigger circuit (1o1, 1o2) # to which a variable via a delay network (9o4, 105) che voltage is supplied, and that the current-limiting Means (131 w 134) arranged in such a way that they Apply additional voltage to the circuit when the voltage is increased am hastwidersta.d exceeds a certain value. = 13. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor is wound in series, and that there is a circuit with a diode (6o), which is in shunt circuit to its armature (1o), as well as a controlled brake circuit (1), which reacts to the am.Anke @ lying voltage responds and serves to generate the pulse generator. tor. to control in order to control the load current when braking or locking limit. 14. Control system according to claim 13, characterized in that the controlled brake circuit (1) serves to actuate a relay to override the manual switch and to cause the pulse generator to generate pulses that correspond to a certain low switch-on factor. 15e control system according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by a safety disconnection unit (8) which is connected to the commutation thyristor (16) on the main thyristor (12) -Lud. Voltage responds when these two thyristors should conduct at the same time and which controls the contacts in the load circuit in such a way that they open as soon as this state occurs. 16: Control system according to one of the preceding claims, through this. marked, .that the main thyristor (12) and the Commutation thyristor (16) each between opposite Connection terminals of the capacitor (15) and a supply terminal (which is to be referred to as the second supply terminal) 2-switch are tet, while the inductor (1ß) and the charging thyristor (18) containing charging circuit between the other supply terminal (which is to be referred to as the first supply terminal) and the Connection of the ilommutierun @ rsthyristor (16) t-ud of the condenser tors (15) is switched. 17. Control system according to claim 16, characterized gekennzeichalet, -. dass.der Hauptthyristor (12) and the Ladethyristor (18) so are arranged so that they are excited at the same time. 18. Control system according to claim 16 or 17, characterized by a safety shutdown device (8) which is based on the Voltage between the Iradethyristor (18) and the called-first terminal lie3, the point at which it responds when both the charging thyristor (18) and the commutation thyristor ristor (16) should conduct simultaneously, and so arranged is that it controls the contacts in the load circuit so that they open as soon as this condition occurs: 19. Control system according to claim. 15 and 'I8 through usual amplifiers (111 to -114) and relays, which so are arranged to respond to both conditions. 2o. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a converter (16o) from the supply current is excited and connected to the commutation capacitor (15) is to make this one above the supply voltage Maintain charge voltage when the circuit is none. Impulse -; ibt.