DE1531551C

DE1531551C - Blade angle adjustment device for propellers

Info

Publication number: DE1531551C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Philip Earle North Granby Conn. Barnes (V.St.A.)
Original assignee: United Aircraft Corp
Current assignee: Raytheon Technologies Corp

Description

ι 2ι 2

Die Erfindung betrifft Blattwinkel-Verstelleinrich- verschiedenen Verstellbereichen erforderlichen Vertungen für Luftschrauben mit einem Antriebskolben, stellkräfte bzw. Rückführungskräfte unter sehr günwelcher in Stellungen, die der Bremsstellung und der stiger Ausnutzung der in den Federmitteln gespei-Segelstellung der Luftschraubenblätter zugeordnet cherten Energie bereitgestellt werden, so daß eine sind, bewegbar und von einer Seite her mittels einer 5 verhältnismäßig leichte Feder ausreicht. Hierbei ist druckmittelbeaufschlagbaren Kammer in eine Rieh- auch von Bedeutung, daß das die Kulissenführung, tung verschiebbar ist, die einer bestimmten Blatt- die Federmittel und die Hebeeinrichtung enthaltende winkel-Verstellrichtung entspricht, und mit Feder- System einen guten Übertragungswirktingsgrad in der mitteln, die von der anderen Seite her auf den An- Größenordnung von 90 °/o aufweist,
triebskolben mit abgestuften Federkräften im Sinne io Als weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgeniäßen Blatteiner Blattwinkelverstellung in der anderen Richtung winkel-Verstelleinrichtung ist zu nennen, daß eine wirken. Veränderung der Betätigungskraft bzw. Rückf ührungs-The invention relates to blade angle adjustment device various adjustment areas required for propellers with a drive piston, actuating forces or return forces under very favorable conditions in positions that are provided for the braking position and the constant utilization of the energy stored in the spring means associated with the wing position of the propeller blades, so that one is movable and is sufficient from one side by means of a 5 relatively light spring. In this case, pressure medium-pressurized chamber in a Rieh- is also important that the link guide, device is displaceable, which corresponds to a certain leaf- the spring means and the lifting device containing angle adjustment, and with the spring system a good degree of transmission efficiency in the mean, the from the other side is on the order of 90 ° / o,
Drive piston with graduated spring forces in the sense of io. Another advantage of the blade angle adjustment according to the invention is that the angle adjustment device works in the other direction. Change in the actuation force or feedback

Es ist bereits bekannt, die von den Federmitteln kraft in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Stellung des auf den Antriebskolben ausgeübte Rückstellkraft in Antriebskolbens über einen weiten Verstellbereich bestimmten Abschnitten des Verstellbereiches durch 15 hin möglich ist, indem in einfacher Weise das Profil eine Abstufung der Federkräfte zu erreichen, welche der Kulissenführung entsprechend gestaltet wird,
durch Parallelschaltung von zwei Federn erzielt wird. ZweckmäßigeAusführungsformenderErfindungbil-Die Parallelschaltung der Rückstellfedern dient bei den Gegenstand der anliegenden weiteren Ansprüche, einer bekannten Einrichtung der vorstehend kürz Im folgenden wird die Erfindung durch die Bebeschriebenen Art zur Verstärkung der auf den Anr ao Schreibung eines Ausführungsbeispieles unter Bezugtriebskolben wirkenden Rückstellkraft im Bereich der nähme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser Segelstellung der Luftschraubenblätter, damit diese Zeichnung stellt dar _.,:.... .......It is already known that the force of the spring means depending on the respective position of the restoring force exerted on the drive piston in the drive piston is possible over a wide adjustment range of certain sections of the adjustment range through a simple way of achieving a gradation of the spring forces in the profile , which is designed according to the guide,
is achieved by connecting two springs in parallel. Expedient embodiments of the invention - The parallel connection of the return springs is used in the subject matter of the appended further claims, a known device of the abovementioned brief Drawing explained in more detail. In this feathering position of the propeller blades so that this drawing shows _.,: .... .......

sicher aus der Segelstellung zurückgeführt werden F i g. 1 eine teilweise im Schnitt gezeichnete Seiten-be safely returned from the feathered position F i g. 1 a partially sectioned side

(britische Patentschrift 534 529). ansieht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Er-(British patent 534 529). regards a preferred embodiment of the

Ferner ist es bekannt, bei einer Luftschraube, as findung,It is also known, in a propeller, as a discovery,

deren Luftschraubenblätter drehzahlabhängig ver- .Fig.2 eine graphische Darstellung zur Verdeut-whose propeller blades depend on the speed.

stellt werden, zur Erzeugung eines Grobeinstell- lichung des Bedarfes an bereitzustellender Energie,to generate a rough adjustment of the demand for energy to be provided,

bereiches und eines Feineinstellbereiches die Feder- welche zur Einstellung der Luftschraubenblätter-inarea and a fine adjustment area, the spring which is used to adjust the propeller blades

kräfte entsprechend der Drehzahl mittels einer die Segelstellung und aus der Bremsstellung not-forces according to the speed by means of the sail position and from the braking position

Kulissenführung zu verändern (USA.-Patentschrift 30 wendig ist, wobei sich ein einfaches lineares Feder-To change the link guide (US patent specification 30 is manoeuvrable, with a simple linear spring

2 492 653). _; system mit dem Federsystem der Einrichtung nach2,492,653). _; system with the spring system of the facility

Schließlich ist noch eine Klemmvorrichtung zur der Erfindung vergleichen läßt, undFinally, a clamping device for the invention can be compared, and

stufenlosen Festlegung von hydraulisch festeilbaren F i g. 3 eine graphische Darstellung, in welcherstepless definition of hydraulically lockable F i g. 3 is a graph in which

Propellerflügeln für Axialverdichter bekannt, bei wel- zum Vergleich einerseits für die erfindungsgemäßePropeller blades for axial compressors are known, in wel- for comparison on the one hand for the invention

eher die Federkraft der die Klemmvorrichtung be- 35 Einrichtung und andererseits für bisher bekannterather the spring force of the device loading the clamping device and, on the other hand, for previously known

tätigenden Feder über einen Winkelhebel und eine Einrichtungen die Federkraft über dem Federwegacting spring via an angle lever and a device the spring force over the spring travel

mittels eines druckmittelbeaufschlagbaren Antriebs- aufgetragen ist.is applied by means of a pressurized drive.

kolbens bewegbare Kulissenführung verändert wer- In Fig. 1, worauf zunächst Bezug genommen sei,piston movable link guide be changed in Fig. 1, to which reference is first made,

den kann (deutsche Auslegeschrift 1 019 046). ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, in welchem dieden can (German Auslegeschrift 1 019 046). an embodiment is shown in which the

Durch die Erfindung soll demgegenüber die Auf- 4° Bezugszahl 10 ganz allgemein die Luftschraubengabe gelöst werden, eine Blattwinkel-Verstelleinrich- anordnung, nicht jedoch den dieser im allgemeinen tung für Luftschrauben zu schaffen, bei der die Ver- zugeordneten Steiiermechanismus bezeichnet. Die Stellbewegung in die Segelstellung und die Verstell- Steuereinrichtungen für die Luftschraube sind in der bewegung aus der Bremsstellung heraus mit Feder- zeichnerischen Darstellung der Einfachheit halber kräften erfolgt, welche gegenüber den normalen 45 weggelassen. Die Luftschraubenblätter 12, von denen Rückführungsfederkräften des Systems erhöht sind. in der Zeichnung eines dargestellt ist, sind am Um-By contrast, the invention is intended to refer to the 4 ° reference number 10 in general, the propeller gift be solved, a blade angle adjustment device, but not this in general to create a device for propellers, in which the assigned stearing mechanism denotes. the Adjustment movement in the sail position and the adjustment control devices for the propeller are in the movement out of the braking position with pen drawing for the sake of simplicity forces, which are omitted compared to the normal 45. The propeller blades 12 of which Return spring forces of the system are increased. one is shown in the drawing, are

Ausgehend von einer Blattwinkel-Verstelleinrich- fang der Luftschraube angeordnet und an einer Nabe tung der eingangs kurz beschriebenen allgemeinen 14 befestigt, welche eine Veränderung des Blattwin-Art wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß zur kels ermöglicht. Die Nabe ist in der üblichen Weise Übertragung der Federkraft auf den An triebskolben 50 auf die Welle des Antriebsmotors aufgesetzt und eine an sich bekannte, mit dem Antriebskolben ver- dreht sich um die Luftschraubenachse. Am radial bundene Kulissenführung, die sich mit Bezug auf inneren Ende des Luftschraubenbiattes 12 ist ein die Luftschrauberidrehachse in axialer Richtung er- exzentrischer Arm 13 angeordnet, welcher sich in streckt, über eine Hebeleinrichtung mit den Feder- radialer Richtung nach innen auf den Drehungsmitteln in Verbindung steht und daß die über die 55 mittelpunkt der Luftschraubenanordnung hin er-Kulissenführung axial auf den Antriebskolben wir- streckt und mit einer geeigneten Gabel- oder Kuliskende Kraftkomponente der Federkraft derart ver- senanordnung 18 verbunden ist, die ihrerseits über änderbar ist, daß diese Komponente im Bereich eine hohle Kolbenstange 22 mit einem die Blattgrößter und geringster Federzusammendriickung der winkelverstellung vornehmenden Antriebskolben 20 unter Vorspannung stehenden Federmittel zunimmt, 60 verbunden ist.Arranged on the basis of a blade angle adjustment device of the propeller and on a hub device attached to the general 14 described briefly at the outset, which is a change in the Blattwin type this object is achieved in that allows for kels. The hub is in the usual way Transfer of the spring force to the drive piston 50 placed on the shaft of the drive motor and a known one with the drive piston rotates around the propeller axis. On the radial bonded link guide, which is with respect to the inner end of the air screw blade 12 is a the pneumatic screwdriver rotation axis arranged in the axial direction eccentric arm 13, which is in stretches, is connected via a lever device with the spring radial direction inward on the rotation means and that the sliding link guide over the center point of the propeller arrangement axially on the drive piston and with a suitable fork or crank end The force component of the spring force is connected in such a way that the arrangement 18 is, in turn, via It can be changed that this component has a hollow piston rod 22 in the area with a drive piston 20 which is the largest and smallest spring compression of the angular displacement preloaded spring means increases, 60 is connected.

wobei diese Federstellungen den der Brems- und Aus vorstehendem ergibt sich, daß eine axiale Segelstellung zugeordneten Kolbenstellungen ent- Verschiebung des Antriebskolbens 20 zu einer Versprechen. . drehung der Luftschraubenblätter 12 um ihre Längs-these spring positions that of the braking and from the above it follows that an axial Piston positions associated with the feathered position ent- Displacement of the drive piston 20 to a promise. . rotation of the propeller blades 12 around their longitudinal

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen achse führt, so daß der Blattwinkel verändert wird. Blattwinkel-Verstelleinrichtung gegenüber bekannten 65 Durch Zufuhr von hochgespannter Druckflüssigkeit Einrichtungen, insbesondere gegenüber solchen, bei über die hohle Kolbenstange 22 sowie über einen welchen Doppeifedersysteme verwendet werden, ist Bohrungskanal 28 zu der Kammer 26 wird der Aneine beträchtliche Gewichtseinsparung, da die in den triebskolben 20 nach links gedrängt, wodurch dieA major advantage of the axis according to the invention leads, so that the blade angle is changed. Blade angle adjustment device compared to the known 65 By supplying highly tensioned hydraulic fluid Facilities, in particular with respect to those at over the hollow piston rod 22 as well as over a Which double spring systems are used is the bore channel 28 to the chamber 26 is the anchor Considerable weight saving, since the in the piston 20 is pushed to the left, whereby the

Claims

3 43 4

To achieve propeller blades in the direction of lower adjustment. However, should the air

adjustment angle can be adjusted. This movement of the screw blade can be moved into the feathered position,

Piston 20 counteracts a force that is generated by a pressure medium by means of the separate, the

Spring arrangement is generated, which generally blade angle adjustment controlling mechanism, wel-

is denoted by the reference numeral 30. 5 is not shown in the drawing, from which

Inside the hub head 36, which is drained from the pressure chamber 26, and the spring means the hub 14 extends from forward and on urge the drive piston to the right so that it whose end face is fastened via a flange 40, comes into a position in which large aeros are Disc springs 32 arranged coaxially. These tel- · dynamic forces created by the forward coil springs are stacked in the axial direction and cause drawing speed, the air fray a large spring constant and tied leaves in positions with a low angle of attack the spring deflection. The disc springs 32 are to be sought in all-too-crowding. But if the role is common toroidal and have an opening inclined section 56 of the link guide element on, which reaches a 34 extending in the axial direction, a larger horizontal gerich link guide element occurs 34 surrounds. The disc springs 15 put on force, which is sufficient to affect the are pretensioned in the axial direction and counter forces acting coaxially with propeller blades Arranged in relation to the propeller axis of rotation. overcome so that the propeller blades into the However, other springs can also be performed using the feathered position.

Find. The free end of the spring pack is supported. Similarly, the roller 50 comes when the

against a spring seat 44, which in turn is guided into the braking position with an ao propeller blades

flexible ring element 42 is connected, which are to be against, in the area of the bevel 60

the upper arm of an angle lever 46 presses. That of the link guide, whereby an additional loading

Angle lever 46 is an actuating force on a pivot bearing 47 acts on the drive piston 20,

stores, which with respect to the propeller hub which is affected by the aerodynamic load of the

fixed to a suitable bracket 48 on- »5 propeller blades caused

is arranged, which in turn in a dome 38 of the opposing forces when moving from the braking position

The hub head is used. Preferably three are overcome.

Such angle levers on the circumference around the Ku- The working area, in which spring energy is distributed belisseriführungselement 34, but has the number is required, no significant 3 ° openings can be inferred from Fig. The opposite end of the angular blade pitch angle with respect to the associated rotary lever 46 carries a roller 50 which is plotted against the profile torque in mkp. The vertical surface 52 of the link guide element 34 presses. Line A indicates the braking position corresponding to the force exerted by the spring-loaded roller 50 on the corresponding blade adjustment, and the vertical line B link guide element 34 in its 35 indicates the sail position. The line C shows the two components broken down (Hörizontalkraft and Ver those moments, which are in the total adjustment force), so it is shown that the size of the horizon area are required, and the line D characterizing component of the profile of the cam arrangement net the characteristic of a simple linear spring depends. Is the common tangent to the calming system. The graphical illustration shows that the necessary spring energy to generate the axis of the pin forming the link guide of the blade angle adjustment in the area between the parallel, so there is no horizontal component, braking position and the sail position through the and the link guide element 34 therefore curve C is also defined. All the rest of the energy, like no striving to move in the axial direction. it appears below the line D , remains un-every time the tangent is used through the mentioned 45 and is therefore lost energy.
Point of contact a certain angle to the F i g. 3 of the drawings shows a graphical center line occupies, a horizontal component comparison occurs in a diagram in which the effective component occurs. The larger this angle, the greater the forces applied over the spring travel, and this is also the horizontal component and thus the one for a simple linear system and a resulting force in the axial direction. 50 other time for a spring system after the execution

In Fig. 1 are the individual force components. Here, curve E shows the dependency and the resulting force vectorially one above the other gigkeit of the effective force of the spring deflection of the drawn in, from which the guide plate springs on the sliding block guide, while curve F, the effective element 34 acting, effective actuating force depending on the Spring travel of a spring of the intermediate position, the feathered position and the 55 reproduces, as can be seen in simple spring systems for the braking position. The provided force application comes. From the comparison of the two, the force that results from the pressure graphs is that the plate chamber 26 has a very short spring travel on the right end face of the drive spring arrangement, the piston 20 acting force of the hydraulic pressure - whereby a large one The spring constant is determined by means of the opposite direction. In the position shown in the drawing 60 during the spring deflection of simple spring systems, it is accordingly only relatively large and the spring constant exerts a relatively low force on the piston 20 and is moderately low.
for this reason it arrives in this area as well. ...
only a small actuation force after which the claims:
operating fork and the role containing mecha- 65. 1. Blade angle adjustment device for Luftnismus to adjust the respective blade angle. screw with a drive piston, which in this force is completely sufficient to ensure a proper pitch of the propeller blades in the positions that are assigned to the braking position and the sails,

movable and from one side by means of a pressurized chamber into a Direction, is displaceable, which corresponds to a certain blade angle adjustment direction, and with Spring means, which from the other side on the drive piston with graduated spring forces act in the sense of a blade angle adjustment in the other direction, marked in that for the transmission of the spring force on the drive piston (20) a known per se connected to the drive piston (20) Link guide (34), which extends in the axial direction with respect to the propeller axis of rotation, is in communication with the spring means (32) via a lever device and that the Force component of the axially acting on the drive piston (20) via the link guide (34) The spring force can be changed in such a way that this component is in the area of greatest and smallest spring compression the spring means (32), which are under pretension, increases, this Spring positions correspond to the piston positions assigned to the braking and feathering positions.

2. Blade angle adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring means (32) contain a spring with a relatively small spring deflection and a large spring constant.

3. Blade angle adjusting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring means (32) are formed from several toroidal disc spring elements which are concentric are arranged to the propeller rotation axis.

4. Blade angle adjusting device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the Link guide (34) is formed by a substantially conical profile pin and that at least one pivotably mounted angle lever (46) is provided, one of which is a lever arm against. the lateral surface (52, 56, 60) of the profile pin is supported and its other lever arm is in operative connection with said spring means (32), _

5. Blade angle adjusting device according to claim4, characterized in that on the free end of the spring means (32) a spring retaining ring (44) is provided which has a flexible element (42) is connected to one arm of the angle lever (46).

1 sheet of drawings