DE1516610C3 - - Google Patents

Description

y = / W =

" ' !"Max Γτηαχ I "min

fmin

is determined, furthermore the time deviation from a smallest distance r _m t " starting in the direction of the largest distance to be detected rmax (minus - ^ - direction) according to the function

fmax fmin

1 -

fmin Ct
9

takes place, and that the screen is also seen with a line network for the distance r = constant and the lateral distance from the pre-direction d = constant, the lines of the distance d by the equation

y-

Λ r _max Tmin tg Λ _ο

- _b - -

"' ν max - fmin)

to be discribed.

2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the distance deflection of light beams as a recording means a light source (Z.) during each measuring period uniformly over a straight line assigned to the measuring period and in the vertical plane to the zone of the image area (A), the belongs to the relevant angular value (.v), the lying distance (s) is moved and a light beam (/) emanating from the light source and passing through a fixed point (s) between the light source path (s) and the image surface (A) is guided to the image surface .

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that a picture window (B) for a direction-dependent display of target symbols (S) is provided at the head of the image area (A).

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that when using recording means with mechanical distance value transmitter for the generation of the pixels (P) of the echoes with the mechanical distance value transmitter target symbol transmitter is connected.

5. Apparatus according to claim 2 to 4, characterized in that the target symbols (5) from a stem (s) aligned with the echo image point (P ) with an image (S) of the object (e.g. a fish or a mine) exist at the stem head.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 and 5, characterized

The invention relates to a method and a device for indicating direction and distance Reflective objects on an image surface in sonar devices, in which direction and distance are shown in central perspective coordinates.

In sonar technology, there is in particular systems that are used directly for navigation, for example for those for locating schools of fish or for driving through minefields, the desire for a sunny, instantly displaying representation of the objects in the observation area of the Sonar system. For this purpose, the direction and distance displays are displayed in a central perspective Coordinates presented.

It is known (German Patent 966 426), a sector of the horizontal plane through successive Continuous scanning of soundings in adjacent directions and recording of each Sounding received echoes on a portion of a writing stick by a along a guide moving in a straight line, passing through the starting point of the path at the same time as the pulse is emitted Writing pen to carry out in such a way that each plumb beam direction a certain position of the stylus path is assigned in the overview screen. However, this representation is difficult to read.

The invention is based on the object of a method for indicating direction and distance for To create sonar devices with a relatively simple structure of the device with which it is carried out offers a display that is as clear as possible and, in particular, understandable for navigation.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the direction and distance are displayed in right-angled coordinates x, y , the relationship between the distance r and the>'coordinate

fmax

is determined, and also the temporal deflection of a smallest distance / ■ "(" starting in the direction of the largest to be detected distance r _m ax (minus-.y-direction) according to the function

, fmin

Ct

takes place, and that the screen is also provided with a line network for the distance r = constant and the lateral distance from the pre-direction d = constant, the lines of the distance d

3 4

be through the equation, which is an obvious and particular for the

Navigation provides understandable presentation.

y = "' ^rmax ' ^rw ^ LL ^t i ^ L ·. χ The drawing shows embodiments of the invention

b subject matter, namely shows

d ■ - {r _m ax - rmin) ₅ F i g. 1 the diagram of a sonar system with a perspective view according to the invention,

to be discribed. F i g. 2 shows the image field of a display device

Therein is the invention with three echo displays for navigation in a minefield,

r = distance of the object in meters, io F i g. 3 the image area of a display device

/ = Time in seconds, according to the invention with display of several target echoes

Λ = image height, for navigating a fishing vessel and

b = image width, F i g. 4 a device for generating an

Tmax = greatest distance in meters, point to F i g. 2 or 3 in a schematic representation.

rmin = smallest distance in meters, 15 F i g. 1 shows the scheme of a sonar device with

c = speed of propagation of the direction and distance display according to the invention

acoustic waves in the water, in a schematic representation. By a

d = lateral distance from the forward direction of the underwater sound emitter base S, which is

in meters, pulse generator / connected via a switch W ,

«O = largest lateral angle. 20 are at regular intervals of z. B. 1 see

short sound pulses with a pulse length of z. B.

To carry out this method, according to the invention, a light source is emitted as a recording medium during a 1 millisecond in advance of the observing ship to deflect light beams over an angular range of approximately + _ 20 °. The measuring period back from the sonicated sector uniformly over one of the measuring period 25 returning target echoes, e.g. B. the echoes El, El and £ 3, assigned route moved. This distance is straight through with an angular resolution of about 2 ° and lies in the vertical plane to the zone of the image area, the base S then acting as a receiver arrangement belonging to the angle element in question, dyke-recorded, the receiving voltages of which is timed by the light source outgoing and electronic arrangement K to the resulting chip through a fixed point between the light source path 30 voltages for twenty, offset by 2 ° from each other and the image area extending light beam combined to image angular areas and guided to twenty area. Receiving channels for λ = -20 ° to α = + 20 ° are given In a particularly preferred embodiment. These resultant received voltages of a device for carrying out the method are, after amplification for actuating Lamnach the invention, the image area a 35 L pen is used in the head, which each one of a range of angles zone image window provided. This only shows a direction of 2 ° and shows the target symbols in one of these zones independently. speaking, parallel to the zero line N of a strip when using recording means with image area A, the mechanical back from this angular range distance sensors are then brought in returning echoes for display (see FIG. F ig. 2). expedient development of this device for 4 ° The light beam of all lamps L is deflected after the display of the target symbols, the target symbol generator with the above specified time function / (/), the mechanical distance value sensors are coupled, start and cycle of the time deflection is by one instead of the target symbols in one separate image window timer Z determines which both the pulse generator / display. for the base S as well as the deflector for

The target symbols themselves consist of another 45 which controls the light beams of the lamps L,
expedient development of the invention from a In F i g. 2 and 3 is for the angular range of the stem aligned with the echo image point with a χ = -20 ° to χ = + 20 ° and a distance image of the object, e.g. B. a fish or a mine range from r - 60 to r = 600 m the field of view in the stick head. reproduced in perspective representation. The echoes If the target symbol is displayed in a special image window arranged on the head 50 by controlling the intensity of the lamps L to the image area, the light spot on the image area A is brightened so that it is particularly vivid and impressive when it is shown. The light spot of each lamp wanders at the imaging point for the target echo with the aim of echo sounding each time in each directional channel from symbol through a line from the imaging point to the bottom up and passing through the base line a of the head line of the image area as a stem part 55 image field A corresponding to a distance is connected by to complement the target symbol. Before r _m in = 60 m after one of the transit time of the echo, this can be done by the fact that the echo time span corresponding to this distance, recording means from the moment of the echo arrival beginning with the emission of the plumb pulse, and until the end of its distance deflection at the when the head line k of the image area A reaches the head line of the image area, the recording continues. 60 a distance of r _max = 600 m after one of the In another embodiment of the invention the transit time of the echo over this distance corresponds to the distance deflection from cathodes time span. The deflection speed of the light beam as the recording means one after the spot over this distance is not uniform, as with function / (/) working tilting oscillation generator of the known echograph, but rather non-uniform. 65 in order to achieve the desired perspective representation By using the invention, one of the image field can be achieved, namely the Ge direction and distance display for sonar devices speed with the distance after such a function created with a relatively simple structure that in the central perspective coordinate -

5 6

fade in data system with the distance coordinate y and the symbols correspondingly symbols for fish in the image alignment coordinate ω with regard to the distance window B. When soldering fish school coordinates, the condition applies that result in echoes in several adjacent channels,

one then also obtains, as in FIG. 3 is shown,

η 'Tmax Tmax -

1-

TmIn

5 a symbolization of groups of fish.

F i g. 3 also shows that the target symbols S are also directly in connection with the punctiform echo displays P in the image area A for display

In this equation it is possible that a separate image

r = distance to the object in meters, ¹⁰ windows B for the target symbols are unnecessary. Nevertheless

/ = Time in seconds, ν \ τά one the image window B like the sky over the

h = image height, horizon k to supplement the perspective

r _max = greatest distance in meters, maintain pressure.

r _mtn = smallest distance in meters, in F i g. 4 is a device for deriving the

c = speed of propagation of the * 5 deflection function according to the above equation>> = f {t)

acoustic waves in msec. shown in a schematic manner.

For each angle channel, the

The point-like light source L, which is dark in perspective and direction, is linearly sensed as usual, is best characterized by a line network of the image or writing pen of an echograph over a distance s area, which is perpendicular to the base and head ao from G to H moved down. With one-line a, k parallel distance lines r and when the echo occurs, the light source L lights up and alignment or zero direction N- oriented escape remains burning until the end of the path at H. Equal lines d of the inclination «, which in the depicted area will correspond to parallels to the zero line N , a lamp L ₃ for the target symbol S entering the area. switches and stays on as long as
As shown in FIG. 2 and 3 can be seen, the »5 only the parallels d emanating from the light source L to the pre-direction N, which with the otherwise and with the help of a pivoting screen m by a usual uniform deflection to the above fixed point η between the light source path s and function / (f) corresponding to the desired central light beam running through the image area A / for the image perspective image in a straight line. surface A guided. If you want to reach the target symbol S

In the example according to FIG. 2, the pixels P _1, are bar of the light beam trace point P _2, P ₃ of the three echoes E _1, E _2, E ₃ of mines one to connect, one can with the pivotal diaphragm M is a moving minefield shown 3 ° with the echo image P, namely connect in the slide image of the target symbol, which is illuminated at the moment the sixth directional channel at χ = -8 ° and r = 260 m of the illumination of the light source L and distance, in the twelfth directional channel at χ = + 4 ° so simultaneously with the illumination of the target - and r = 340 m and in the sixteenth directional channel 35 point P the desired target symbol S over the distance at χ = + 12 ° and r = 180 m. Sets target point.

The lightening of the light spot begins at the In the context of the invention there are still many things

said points P _1, P _2, P _3, the image area A and modifications and other embodiments of possible remains, until reaching the head line k according In particular, the the central perspective of the distance r _max = 600 m maintained so that 4 ° representation required deflection -Time function can also be realized at the points P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ parallel to the zero line N by electronic means. Connect a tracks or stem parts p _u p ₂ , p ₃ . Electronic distraction is particularly common then

In a picture arranged above the head line k , it may be necessary if the screen of a cathode window B is used in the angular range channels, in a beam tube as a picture surface. It is also possible for the echo displays P ₁ , P ₂ , P _{3 to} appear, at the same time a distinction between echoes with target symbols S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ displayed at different times, which should be provided in the displayed useful-interference ratio by z. B. provided an example of a pictorial representation of an automatic only such signals an anchor line and cause an angle glare of target symbols that a higher area χ of the image area A directed towards the zero line ./V useful interference Have a ratio and repeat themselves in the parallel stem area reaching up to the head line /: surrounding area of the signals from the previous part S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ . This results in solder periods for each.

Target symbol S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ up to the echo display points A central perspective representation can be used

P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ continuous symbol stems, which can also be reached if the direction and distance of the stem parts J ₁ , J ₂ , J ₃ and p _u p ₂ , p _{3 are} put together. does not display in Cartesian coordinates. One can

Without any further explanation, the viewer recognizes the direction and distance on curved surfaces by means of the central perspective representation and immediately recognizes the perspective impression of the spatial assignment and, in particular, the call, by changing the display coordinates according to the lateral distance d of the located objects to the curvature of the display surface modifies,
own course, the zero line N, and the display can, on the other hand, also be a perspective representation

used directly to support navigation lerical representations, especially for advertising

For fishing vessels can be used instead of the mining purposes are used.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. A method for the direction and distance display of reflective objects on an image surface in sonar devices, in which direction («) and distance (r) are presented in central perspective coordinates (ω, y) , characterized in that direction and distance in rectangular coordinates (x , y) , the assignment of the distance (r) to the .y-coordinate by the relationship characterized in that the echo recording means record from the moment the echo arrives until the end of its range deflection at the head end (A :) of the image area (A) . 7. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the distance deflection of cathode rays as a recording medium, a tilting oscillation generator operating according to the function / (/) is provided.