DE1513700C3 - Device for monitoring the state of charge of an accumulator - Google Patents

Description

Patent claims:

1. Device for monitoring the state of charge of a battery with at least an ampere-hour meter controlled by the accumulator current and one in the accumulator circuit arranged resistor, characterized in that by the voltage drop across the resistor (3) a capacitor (5) arranged in the emitter-base 1 path of a double base transistor (6, 6 ') is chargeable and that at the base 1 of this transistor pulses arise from which directly or electromechanical or electronic counting devices are amplified via further transistors (9, 9 ') (8, 8 ') are controllable.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a transistor (4, 4 '), in its collector-base path the capacitor (5, 5 ') is located.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the double base transistor (6, 6 ') counting relays (8, 8') are connected downstream.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the resistor (3) in the accumulator circuit is divided into two partial resistances (31 and 32), of which each via one of the double base transistors (6 and 6 ') one of the counting relays (8, 8') so It can be controlled that both the one removed from the accumulator and the one in the accumulator the amount of electricity charged can be counted.

5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by one of the counting relays (8 and 8 ') controllable differential counter.

6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that via end contacts of the counting relays (8 and 8 ') another counting relay that counts the charging cycles is controllable bar. > · ■■ · ■ -.

7. Device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that between the Emitters of the double base transistors (6 and 6 ') and the collectors of the transistors (4 and 4') Resistors (13,13 ') are arranged.

8. Device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that in the emit, Circles of the transistors (4 and 4 ') resistors (12,12') are arranged.

55

The invention relates to a device for monitoring the state of charge of an accumulator with at least one ampere-hour meter controlled by the accumulator current and with a resistor arranged in the accumulator circuit.

From French patent specification 1410 526 is an alternator for motor vehicles with a double base transistor having Voltage regulator known. To control the between generator and battery switched controllable Rectifier converts the battery voltage into a pulse train with the help of the double base transistor disassembled. With the help of this device it is possible to monitor the charging process; a surveillance the state of charge is not possible.

In the case of accumulators, it is necessary to use the amount of electricity still contained in the accumulator at all times to be able to control, to provide ampere-hour meters. There continues to be the capacity of the accumulator decreases with the number of charges and discharges, cycle counters are required, to determine the expected life expectancy of the accumulator. So far this has been Purpose in particular electromechanically operating ampere-hour counters or cycle counters are used.

Such mechanical counters have the disadvantage of moving parts and are manufactured burdened with high costs. For this purpose, they are particularly difficult to use when the with the number of cycles decreasing capacity of the accumulator should be taken into account. Well-known institutions, in which both the number of cycles and the non-linear capacity curve are counted of the accumulator should be taken into account, work with mechanically adjustable resistors for controlling the ampere-hour counter and with reduction gears (Austrian patent specification 238 830).

The object of the invention is to provide a device for monitoring the state of charge of the accumulator to develop that is less prone to failure, inexpensive and space-saving.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the voltage drop across the resistor a capacitor arranged in the emitter-base 1 path of a double base transistor can be charged is and that at the base 1 of this transistor pulses arise, from which directly or via further Transistors, electromechanical or electronic counting devices can be controlled more intensely.

In the following, the figure according to the invention is based on the figure Device explained in more detail. In the circuit of an accumulator 1 with consumer 2 is a Measuring resistor 3 arranged at which a voltage drop proportional to the accumulator current occurs. :

The voltage drop occurring at the partial resistor 31 of the measuring resistor 3 controls a transistor 4, in the collector circuit of which there is a capacitor 5. This capacitor is also in the Emitter-base 1 path (E-B 1) of a double base transistor 6. As soon as the capacitor 5 over transistor 4 is charged to a certain voltage, the double base transistor 6 becomes unstable; H. his Emitter-base 1 path becomes conductive.

The capacitor will then have a resistor? discharged and the process is repeated from new. The repetition frequency is directly proportional to the voltage drop across resistor 31.

The pulses appearing at the base of transistor 6 are used to control a counter, for example to operate a counting relay 8. In the present circuit, however, the pulses amplified via the further transistor 9.

The measuring resistor is so that a counter is operated both during charging and discharging 3 divided into two partial resistors 31 and 32. From the partial resistor 32 is in the same way over Transistor 4 ', capacitor 5' and double base transi-

malfunction 6 'the counting relay 8' is activated. The power supply the device takes place via resistor 10 and Zener diode 11 from the to be monitored Accumulator, which is only slightly loaded due to the low voltage requirement of the arrangement.

To directly display the amount of electricity still in the accumulator, you can use the two Counting relay 8 or 8 'driven a differential counter will.

Additional counting relays (not shown here) can be operated via end contacts of the counting relays. to register the number of cycles.

To take account of the charge factor, resistors 13, 13 'can be placed between the emitters of the double base transistor 6 or 6 'and collector of the transistor 4 or 4' or, more appropriately, in the emitter circuit of the transistor 4 or 4 'are used. The ratio of these resistances will be accordingly chosen according to the load factor.

One possibility of reducing the losses in the measuring resistor 3 is to use the transistor 4 by a differential amplifier that controls the capacitor 5 to replace. Because of the higher sensitivity of the differential amplifier, the measuring resistor can be selected to be very low-resistance. Farther a field effect transistor can be used in the input circuit instead of transistors 4 and 4 ', which, because of its high input resistance, also only has very low voltages to control it needed.

ίο In addition to an accurate and reliable way of working the device shown has the particular advantage that the decrease in capacity of the Accumulator is taken into account with increasing number of cycles without any special effort, since the non-linear Capacity characteristic of the accumulator through the choice of the working range of the transistors 4 or 4 'can be compensated. If this option is not particularly important, the transistors 4 and 4 'can be omitted, so that the double base transistor directly across the capacitor 5 and measuring resistor is controlled.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Device for monitoring the state of charge of a battery with at least one ampere-hour meter controlled by the accumulator current and one in the accumulator circuit arranged resistor, characterized in that by the voltage drop across the resistor (3) in the emitter-base 1 path of a double base transistor (6, 6 ') arranged capacitor (5) is chargeable and that at the base 1 of this transistor Pulses arise, which are amplified directly or via further transistors (9, 9 ') electromechanical or electronic counting devices (8, 8 ') can be controlled. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a transistor (4, 4 '), in its KoI-lektor-Basis-Strccke the capacitor (5, 5 ') is located. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the double base transistor (6, 6 ') counting relays (8, 8') are connected downstream. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the resistor (3) in the accumulator circuit is divided into two partial resistances (31 and 32), of which each via one of the double base transistors (6 and 6 ') one of the counting relays (8, 8') so It can be controlled that both the one removed from the accumulator and the one in the accumulator the amount of electricity charged can be counted. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by one of the counting relays (8 and 8 ') controllable differential counter. 6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a further counting relay which counts the charging cycles can be controlled via end contacts of the counting relays (8 and 8 '). '" ^: " 7. Device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that between the Emitters of the double base transistors (6 and 6 ') and the collectors of the transistors (4 and 4') Resistors (13,13 ') are arranged. 8. Device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that in the Em.it-. Circles of the transistors (4 and 4 ') resistors (12,12') are arranged. The invention relates to a device for monitoring the state of charge of an accumulator with at least one ampere-hour meter controlled by the accumulator current and with a resistor arranged in the accumulator circuit. From French patent specification 1410 526 is an alternator for motor vehicles with a double base transistor having Voltage regulator known. To control the controllable ones connected between the generator and the battery Rectifier converts the battery voltage into a pulse train with the help of the double base transistor disassembled. With the help of this device it is possible to monitor the charging process; a surveillance the state of charge is not possible. In the case of accumulators, it is necessary to use the amount of electricity still contained in the accumulator at all times to be able to control, to provide ampere-hour meters. There continues to be the capacity of the accumulator decreases with the number of charges and discharges, cycle counters are required, to determine the expected life expectancy of the accumulator. So far this has been Purpose in particular electromechanically operating ampere-hour counters or cycle counters are used. Such mechanical counters have the disadvantage of moving parts and are manufactured burdened with high costs. For this purpose, they are particularly difficult to use when the with the number of cycles decreasing capacity of the accumulator should be taken into account. Well-known institutions, in which both the number of cycles and the non-linear capacity curve are counted of the accumulator should be taken into account, work with mechanically adjustable resistors for controlling the ampere-hour counter and with reduction gears (Austrian patent specification 238 830). The object of the invention is to provide a device for monitoring the state of charge of the accumulator to develop that is less prone to failure, inexpensive and space-saving. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the voltage drop across the resistor a capacitor arranged in the emitter base 1 section of a double base transistor can be charged is and that at the base 1 of this transistor pulses arise, from which directly or via further Transistors, electromechanical or electronic counting devices can be controlled more intensely. The device according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figure. In the circuit of an accumulator 1 with consumer 2, a measuring resistor 3 is arranged on which the accumulator current proportional voltage drop occurs. The voltage drop occurring at the partial resistor 31 of the measuring resistor 3 controls a transistor 4, in the collector circuit of which there is a capacitor 5. This capacitor is also in the Emitter-base 1 path (E-B 1) of a double base transistor 6. As soon as the capacitor 5 over transistor 4 is charged to a certain voltage, the double base transistor 6 becomes unstable; H. his . Emitter-base 1 path becomes conductive. The capacitor will then have a resistor? discharged and the process is repeated again. The repetition frequency is directly proportional to the voltage drop across resistor 31.
The pulses occurring at the base of the transistor 6 are used to control a counter, for example to operate a counting relay 8. In the present circuit, however, the pulses are amplified via the further transistor 9. The measuring resistor 3 is divided into two partial resistors 31 and 32 so that a counter is operated both during charging and discharging. The partial resistor 32 is in the same way via transistor 4 ', capacitor 5' and double base transistor