DE1501558A1 - Heater - Google Patents

Description

_ ^ __ «-. 8000 MUNICH 25, June 1 7th

GERMAN PATENT OFFICE 1 SAMUZERITRASSE 3 Etna. I 6. JU U1965 I _{phone 081t 7 74 4158}

^ ir ^ raeae ^ O ** ⁰ _M ρ Telegram address: Thopatent

_nil ch Pienetschluö

P / 091.2o

Dr. Expl.

The Luranus Company New York, New York I00I7 (USA)

Heater

The invention relates generally to a new and improved heater or a heating device and reflector therefor and in particular a heater with operating lines, through which an operating fluid flows during its heating in a kettle, the heater being able to to achieve more uniform heating around the service lines. Heaters according to the invention are also more suitable to increase the heat flow around the operating lines without to increase the maximum local flow or, conversely, the same mean heat flow to the service lines with a lower maximum of local varneflow zxi create.

The heater according to the invention consists in essentials from a housing with a Hei zkanner, ileizoinriclitungen under Inclusion of two spaced-apart flow surfaces for heating the chamber, located at a distance Operating lines in the chamber, inlet and outlet devices,

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Dresdner Bank MQnchcn Account 109103 ■ PoiUAcdikonlo Mdndien 116 »74

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for the implementation of νομ operating fluid through the operating lines and rod-shaped retro-reflectors located midway between adjacent service lines.

It is common practice with heaters to arrange the service lines in a row in the middle of the furnace and to heat them by burning fuel along walls parallel to the service lines. This is done in order to meet the requirement of achieving a uniform heat flow around the scope of the operation as well as possible. Despite this arrangement, the heat flux changes one line from a maximum along lines immediately opposite the fire walls to a minimum along lines 90 ° therefrom. The arrangement of working lines in the middle of the combustion of fuel along parallel lines to the walls reduces the difference in heat flux from a diametral the like down directly opposite points of the working lines, as these locations substantially immediately "see" the radiant heat sources. On the other hand, this arrangement does not support the change in heat flow between a point of the service line immediately opposite the flame and a point 90 ° away from it.

It is therefore the main object of the invention to do the aforementioned and other difficulties encountered by the known practitioners in eliminating the need for a new and improved heater is provided that works better and is less expensive to manufacture.

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Another object of the invention is to provide a new and better heater in the around the perimeter of the operating lines within the furnace chamber a more uniform one Heat flow is achieved.

Another Z ^- iel of the invention is seen to provide a new and better heater, have a higher average heat flow at a lower Wärntegesamtübertragungsf laugh at the operating lines, without the increase in temperature is necessary to dent heater.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds Working examples; the new features are particularly pointed out in connection with the appended claims.

I get a better understanding of the invention -um dn-cli the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings. Show it

FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a right-angled heater designed according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of a horizontal partial section through the heater of Figure 1 along the Lines 2-2 in Figure 1;

FIG. 3 shows a graph of the flow over the arm

a quadrant of the management

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Figure 2, with and without Kückstrahlungs- 'fläphen according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a vertical section through an annular pyrolysis heater designed according to the invention and '

FIG. 5 shows a horizontal partial section through the heater according to Figure 4.

In FIG. 1, a heater designed according to the invention is shown and generally designated by 1o. The heater 1o has a rectangular shape, has a ceiling 12, a floor 14 and side walls 16 and 18, which together delimit a chamber 2o lined with fire-resistant covering. In the vertical walls 16 and 18 burners ur, ct 24 are arranged in length and width. The purpose of a plurality of burners is to make the side walls 16 and 18 as uniform as possible to form a uniform radiating surface. The burners

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and 24 are through with suitable, .Not shown valves provided lines 26 and 28 supplied with fuel.

According to Figure 1, vertical service lines 3o are arranged in the middle of the chamber 2o, which are at the same distance from walls 16 and 18 are located. The service lines 3o are through an inlet line 32 with a .Keatkioiisgoi.iisch provided. The inlet line 32 feeds a common line system 34, which supplies the reactant to all operating lines 3o. The line system or distributor 34 remains

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connected by a coupling 36 to the line 3o, each individual line having its own coupling. After flowing through the line "} o , the reaction products are drawn off through a line system 38 which is connected to the operating line "} o by a coupling ^ o. The line system

38 is connected to an outlet line kZ .

It can be seen that the invention can be used in a wide variety of heater designs, for example as a steam converter or as a pyrolysis heater. In some cases it may be desirable that the service lines 3o to the one or the other side of the chamber 2o and not according to Fig..1 are arranged in the middle.

The service lines 3 ° and 3o ¹ are made of a material that satisfies the operating conditions (ie reaction media, furnace atmosphere, pressure, temperature, etc.). According to FIG two center-to-center diameters. Between adjacent service lines are vertically extending rods hk which extend the full length of service lines 3o and 30 'and are in alignment with the centers of service lines 3o and 30. The rods hh are in hereinafter referred to as reflex reflector and can consist of metal, logging, ceramic or a combination of such matfbrialion, which bring a strong radiation, strength and runny costs

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Thickness of 1/4 of the pipe diameter instead of Reflectors with a square cross-section can also be such chosen with a rectangular cross-section and arranged so that either the broad side or the narrow side of the service lines opposite. The range of usable dimensions for the retro-reflectors is between 1/8 and 1/2 of the service line diameter, Each coordination of these dimensions for width and thickness, any orientation of the reflectors can be selected that is appropriate for the case at hand.

The reflectors should "consist of a material that brings a radiation as far as possible inward or of a material in connection with a substance, di ^ there is an abradiation close to one. The retroreflectors can be hollow, but a full retroreflector generally will go better because there is a lower temperature gradient between the sides that face the radiation sources and has the sides facing the management. Because the reflectors are neither external nor internal Exposed to pressures, they can be made of the cheapest material available, whatever the Atmosphere and the temperature inside the chamber.

During operation, a reaction mixture, for example a steam-methane mixture, is conveyed through the operating line 3 ° and exposed to a high temperature of 150-220 ° F., maintained within the chamber 20 ° by the burners 22 and 2h. -Be the example described, ie at

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the Datapfumformung catalyzes a Nickeloxydkatalysator within the operating line "} o the steam reforming reaction, wherein hydrogen, along with some CO, C0" result and other reaction products. It will be readily .Schwierigkeit that the radiation walls 16 and 18 closest points 48 and 5o to These points 48 and 5o are at right angles to the common center line of the operating lines 3o and 3o '. The side walls 16 and 18 deliver radiant heat directly through the burners 22 and 2m and additionally reflect heat so that the Sidewalls 16 and closest locations 48 and 5o receive the maximum heat flow. *

In FIG. 3, the results of the calculation of the heat flow over a quadrant of the operating line 3o are shown, from the minimum point 52 closest to der-Str ,, .lui-.gswaml 16. The calculations show the changes in the relative radiation flow as a function of the wedge . from the scope point on the management 3o. The point 48 is referred to as "O °" point and point 52 as "90 ^O" point. In FIG. 3, the curve AB shows the relative radiant heat flow around the service line 3o without the reflectors 44. The curve AB shows that the point 48 directly opposite the radiant wall i6 receives radiant heat which is approximately equal to one. Point 48 was chosen as the reference point because, as is known, it receives the maximum Wan ie flow. A location on the operating line 3 "ι the ui.i jo ° remote from the point 48, obtained in Strahlungswärr.i

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a relative magnitude of only o _% ^ 2 .. Forty-five degrees from the maximum point k8 is a relative radiant heat flux of only o.82. Sixty degrees from maximum point k8 is a relative heat flow of only 0.72. Finally, at point 52, which is 9 ° away, there is only a relative heat flow of 0.65. '. .

A second curve AC is shown in FIG. 3, which shows the relative heat flow of the operating line 3o with the arrangement of reflectors kk. shows. Part of the curve AC is shown in dashed lines because its position and shape have not been precisely calculated; It is assumed, however, that this part is essentially correct. The curve AC macfct clearly shows that when using retro-reflectors kk the relative heat flow at the 9 ° point 52 is now 0.83. Even at around 75 from the maximum point k8 The point away from the operating line 3o the relative heat flux is approximately 0.80. This reduces the difference between the maximum and minimum heat flux from ο.35 without the use of retro-reflectors kk to 0.17 with the use of retro-reflectors kk . It is further away It should be emphasized that, in addition to the above-mentioned advantage through the retro-reflectors kk , the mean heat flow around the operating line 3o has also been significantly increased. Without the retro-reflectors kk , the mean heat flow to the operational line 3o is approximately ο.82 in arbitrary units, while the mean heat flow to the operating line 3o Heat flow to the service line with retro-reflector is approximately 0.87, indicating a capacity increase of at least $ 5 per service line, with the expected V improvement as a result of more uniform wall temperatures

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p.eratur is left out of consideration by the reflector hk.

By using the reflectors along the center line of the service lines, the radiation flux is not influenced to a noticeable extent up to a point approx. 60 from the reference point k8. A remarkable increase in heat flow is only obtained in the area of the 9o point. This is particularly advantageous because it is only important at this 90-point to increase the radiant heat flow in order to avoid the large difference between the maximum and minimum radiant heat flow along the circumference of the service line.

It is clear that reflector can be used with another shape than the shown "and that the shape of the reflector, the distribution of radiation heat flow has an influence. Under certain conditions, it may be expedient, reflectors kk with convex or concave, the Betriebsle- The terms "back ^{reflector", i;} elongated reflector "and" rod-shaped reflector ", as used in the description, encompass all such forms.

According to Figure h , the invention is implemented in a burner with an annular chamber. The pyrolysis heater 74 has a cylindrical outer wall 76 with a refractory lining 78, and a cylindrical inner wall 80 with a

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refractory covering 82. The outer wall 76 and the inner Wall 80, together with the ceiling and floor, define an annular chamber 84. The outer wall "76 is made of suitable steel framework links 85 worn. A convection section 86 and a chimney 88 are provided centrally within the inner wall 80, Guides 9o provide a passage for combustion gases from the annular chamber 84 into the convection section 86 and the chimney 88.

The inner wall 80 has a plurality of burners 92 distributed over the length and width. The outer wall ^ 6 also has burners 94 distributed over the length and width. The burners 92 and 94 should extend vertically and in the middle of the annular chamber 84 along an annular path heat arranged service lines 90. The service lines 96 are arranged at the same distance from the inner wall 80 and outer wall 76; however, this is not absolutely necessary. As shown, the service lines 96 can be used as a pyrolysis heater in the manufacture of ethylene. The fuel for the cer process is supplied through an inlet line 98 and discharged through an outlet line 100. The pyrolysis heater has return arcs 1o2 so that the operating fluid flows through the operating lines 96 several times.

Between adjacent service lines 9 ^> are arranged vertically extending reflector rods 1o4 which extend over the entire length of the service lines 96. The bars 1o4 are similar to the service lines

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assigned like the rods Uk to the operating lines 3o in FIG. 2. The rooms 1o'i have the same function as they have been described in connection with the right-angled furnace 1o ; they provide more uniform heat flow around the periphery of the service lines 96 and also increase the average heat flow to the service lines. The bars \ ok are arranged at the same distance from adjacent flow lines 96 and along the ring path of the center lines of the service lines 96, the ring path running coaxially with the inner wall 80 and the outer wall 76 which form the ring chamber 8k .

Of course , the exemplary embodiment described above is only of illustrative significance; numerous changes in the stages, materials and arrangements of parts can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

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Claims (7)

Claims i) Heater with a housing that has a Heizkanmer two spaced apart radiant surfaces and devices for heating the chamber, further comprising a plurality of operating lines, which within the chamber in mutual distance and. at a distance from the radiation surfaces are arranged «, as well as with inlet devices for the supply of operating fluid to the operating lines and outlet devices for withdrawing the fluid after it has flowed through the service lines within the chamber is characterized by a plurality of rod-shaped, Reflectors (44j 1o4) placed in the middle between adjacent Operating lines (3o; 9-6) are arranged and heat-absorbing surfaces for the heating device and for the operating lines Form reflection surfaces. 2) Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflector surfaces have a strong emissivity. 3) Heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reflector (44, 1o4) have a rectangular cross-section and have a width and thickness between 1/8 and 1/2 the service line diameter. 4) Heater according to claim 1 to 3> characterized in that the reflectors (44, 1o4) are massive to one 909843/0670 BATH low temperature gradients that match the temperatures and withstands the atmosphere of the heater. 5) heater according to claim 1 to 4, wherein the radiation surfaces are cylindrical and to form an annular chamber are arranged coaxially, characterized in that the operating lines (96) along one of these surfaces (78, 80) coaxial ring track and the reflector (io4) are arranged in the ring track of the operating lines. 6) Heater according to claim 1 to 5 »characterized in that the reflector (44, 1o4) over the length of the Service lines (30, 96) extend and in cross section are smaller than these and that the reflectors are designed so that they absorb heat from the combustion devices and heat to those closest to the service lines Reflect back spots. 7) heater according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that that the reflectors (44, 1o4) are hollow. BAD ORiGINAt. 909843/0670 Blank page