DE1483616A1 - Insulating, fireproof link for heat hoods - Google Patents

Description

Dr. Ing. E. BERKENFELD, patent attorney, COLOGNE, Univenitätiitraß · 31

H83616

Plant "ΑΜμμΜμ"

* ,, input · ν «·. September 10, I965 VA + nmaa ^ OGLEBAY NORTON COMPANY,

1400 Hanna Building, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U.S.A.

Dr. Expl.

Insulating refractory link for heating hoods.

The present invention relates to a refractory material for use in the construction of warming hoods; it relates in particular to a refractory panel which is part of a Heat hood forms and comes into contact with the molten metal comes, which is poured into the ingot mold to which the heating hood is assigned.

In the manufacture of warming hoods it is often necessary to have refractory warming hood structures, such as panels, that form a part of the warming hood, to be handled by hand or in some other way. Depending on the size of the ingot to be cast, the size of the Warming hood different and the size of the above mentioned panels changes in the same way. Because of the handling of these panels endeavors are made to design them so that their weight is as low as possible. The mechanical strength and the thermal However, the properties of the panels must meet the requirements that are placed on them when they are used as intended.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a new and improved refractory material for use in a heating mantle which has extremely low weight and its thermal properties and mechanical strength make it particularly suitable for use in the

009808/0401

-X-

* U83616

Make the construction of heating hood insulating parts suitable.

The present invention also provides a new and improved heated hood panel which is relatively lightweight and has a plurality of small air pockets or spaces throughout the panel, these air pockets being formed by porous grains of cellular refractory material of which the panel is partially made.

The present invention also provides a new and improved, lightweight, insulative, fire retardant heated dome panel which forms part of a heated dome and is made from a material containing expanded or puffed clay, sand and a suitable binder in the proportions required to to give the board the correct mechanical strength, density and thermal properties.

The present invention also provides a new and improved heated hood panel made from a material containing 15 to 85 parts by weight of sand, 15 to 85 parts by weight of expanded cellular clay material, and > to 20 parts by weight of a suitable binder.

The present invention also provides a new and improved, Borrowed heating hood insulation panel according to the previous paragraph, in which the grain size of the sand and the expanded clay is such, that 20 to 80 # of the mixture of sand and clay has a grain size greater than 10 DIN meshes per centimeter (30 U.S. meshes per inch).

009808/040 * -2-

Further, the present invention provides a new and improved heated hood panel in accordance with the preceding paragraph wherein greater than 90 % of the mixture of 3and and expanded clay has a grain size greater than 57 DIM meshes per centimeter (14o US meshes per inch).

In addition, the present invention is concerned with the creation of a new and improved insulating liner for a warming hood, which consists of a plurality of preformed panels assembled into an annular putter for a heating hood, the Panels are connected to each other by a flexible material that holds the panels in a certain position to each other and the Creates the possibility of collapsing the board assembly into a relatively flat unit for transport, and wherein the panels are relatively light and made of a material that contains an expanded clay, sand and a binder.

Further advantages of the present invention result for the Those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a partially cut-away view of one according to FIG of the present invention, which is located in the upper open end of an ingot mold.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a structural part of the in Fig. 1 shown heating hood before its installation in the heating hood.

009808/0401

_ Ί. _-

Pig. 5 shows a cross section through another embodiment a warming hood in which the present invention embodies * pert and which is located in the top of an ingot mold.

4 shows a characteristic in a graphical representation of the material from which parts of the heating hoods according to Pig. I. and 3 are made.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 1, which shows a heating hood 10 mounted in the upper end of an ingot mold 11. The heating hood 10 has a central opening 10a through which the molten metal is poured into the ingot mold 11, and the heat hood holds a certain amount Amount of molten metal above the casting mold in order, in a known manner, to remove the cavity that occurs when the ingot cools to fill.

The heating hood 10 comprises a metal housing 12 which is conventionally constructed and has an upper portion 15 and a lower portion 14 which are suitably secured together. The upper section 1J> of the metal case is on

its upper end is provided with an integrally formed, inwardly projecting flange or projection 15. The lower section 14 of the metal housing has at its lower end an integrally formed, inwardly protruding lip or flange 16 which protrudes less inward than the flange 15

In the case of the heat hood shown, the metal housing 12 is provided with 'a Insulating material 17 lined. The insulating square material can do many

009808/0401 _ ₄ .

Have shapes and consist, for example, of a porous, brittle, relatively well insulating brick or brick with low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity, which weighs about 880 kg / nr (55 pounds per cubic foot) and has an estimated application temperature of 14 ^ 0 ° C ( 26OO ⁰ F). The above brick can be replaced by an equivalent insulating potting compound.

This porous, fragile, insulating brick or potting compound when used to manufacture the liner 17 has a maximum estimated application temperature such that the liner 17 would be destroyed or seriously damaged by the thermal shock on direct contact with molten steel, so that the lining 17 would have to be renewed after every casting. These Destruction or damage to the lining 17 would be exacerbated by the mechanical wear and tear that occurs when the heating hood is pulled off occurs after the ingot has solidified. Both because of the thermal and because of the mechanical damage must be used for protection such a soft insulating brick has a protective covering can be applied in order to be able to use this liner repeatedly in an economical manner.

The lining 17 can also be made of a hard, dense, highly refractory material Brick or a refractory casting compound that is equivalent in terms of weight and temperature properties, which because of its density and mass has relatively high thermal conductivity and high heat capacity and therefore a relatively high is poor insulator, but shows good mechanical strength and therefore because of its greater resistance to Thermal shock and mechanical damage in a heated hood can be used hindiTch for a long time. Such a dense heat

009808/0401

_oftielN AL

H83616

hood liner, however, requires pouring a larger volume of metal ■ in order to achieve metallurgical results ^; which are the same as those which are achieved with the use of a better insulating brick lining, unless one uses .relatively light, well insulating refractory panels according to the present invention in combination with such hard linings 17.

When tight brick or grouting linings in combination with well insulating refractory panels are used, one can achieve metallurgical results similar to those obtained with porous insulating brick linings can be achieved, but there is the advantage that hard brick or potting linings 17 are used, which are lighter and more economical because of their lower manufacturing costs and their longer service life are. The well-insulating refractory panels according to the present invention can, if they are sufficiently thick, also apply directly against the cast iron housing or make the lining 17 from cast iron.

In the preferred embodiment, the insulating liner is 17 stored between the paddles 15 and 16 and semi-rigid or semi-permanent in that it is used for a number of casting operations can be. The insulating liner 17 has an inner surface 17a, which runs obliquely from the innermost end of the flange 16 upwards to the plan 15, with no part of the lining 17 according to ν protrudes inside over the puddle 15. The lower end of the liner 17 does not protrude into the interior of the heating hood over the puddle 16 out; one can rather say that the lining 17 with this

009808 / 04Ot

. U83616

aligns, and the advantages of this will be apparent from the following description still clear.

To protect the lining 17 is used as a covering for this one Device made of refractory panels with panels 25, 26. The insulating properties of the insulating, refractory panels can be according to of the description above, depending on the one described above various thermal and mechanical properties of the heating hood lining 17. For soft, insulating brick linings thicker refractory panels are used, primarily to protect the bricks from mechanical damage and Protect thermal shock by creating a sufficiently large temperature drop between the temperature of the molten metal and the temperature is generated, which the insulating lining 17 is subjected, so that the temperature of this lining 17 in the range of temperature provided for this lining remains. These boards are mainly made to facilitate the handling of larger boards easy by adding light aggregates.

Lighter, highly insulating refractory panels are primarily used designed to provide all or nearly all of the insulation required in the insulating panels themselves to provide a Warming hood with the relatively low one, for the special ingot casting process to generate desirable and required metal volumes. The either light and insulating or more dense insulating lining 17 is protected by this panel arrangement so that the liner 17 has a semi-permanent, i.e. H. for a number of Liner becomes usable during casting operations.

009808 / OA01 - 7 -

To prepare the warming hood for a casting process, the warming hood arranged upside down in a manner known to those skilled in the art in a suitable frame. The protective panel arrangement in shape a preformed panel insert 22 is then inserted into the interior of the Warming hood inserted and brought into contact with the insulating liner 17. The insert 23 forms an annular protective layer around the inside of the heating hood and protects the lining I7 against Thermal shock.

The shown in Fig. 2, preformed insert 25 for protecting the Lining 17 has a plurality of separate panels 25, 26, such as are attached to a flexible member or material 27 in a suitable manner. The panels 25, 26 form side and corner panels

and are attached to the flexible material 27 in any suitable manner, for example by glue or mechanical means such as

such as rivets, pins or clips. On the other hand, you can use the boards also directly on the flexible material during manufacture of the missions shape and train.

The flexible means 27 is preferably corrugated cardboard. Of course however, any other flexible material can be used as it is strong enough to support the panels 25, 26, for example Fabric, cardboard strips, paper, fiber material, or you can also use pressure-sensitive tape. Besides, you can too use a reinforcing wire mesh as the flexible support and this can be embedded in the panels 25,26. "

The panels 25, 26 are made of the flexible material, namely at * of the preferred embodiment on the cardboard sheet 27, carried in such a way that the edges 40a, 4la of the table lying in the plane of the ring

009808/0401

finely parallel to each other and a small space 45 is present between all panels. The distance 45 is like this great that the insert 23 can be easily folded by grips it at both ends and the flexible material along a line spaced 45 between the panels to one Angle folds so that the adjacent edges of the panels are in abutment come together. The arrangement of the panels 25, 26 is such that when the pliable material is so folded, the edges of the panels come into flat contact with each other, so that a hollow, geometric figure emerges. During the preparation of the heating hood for the casting process, the insert 23, as mentioned above, is shown in FIG the warming hood inserted. The hollow geo-netrical one formed by the insert The figure is placed over the upturned warming hood and pushed in place.

In the embodiment shown, the cardboard strip 27 does not completely cover the panels 25, 26. A narrow part 30 of the panels protrudes beyond the carton at one edge 27a, while a part 31 of the panels 25, 26 projects beyond the carton at the other edge 27b. The part 30 of the panels superimposed on the inner face 15a of the flange 15 * S ₁ O that the possibility is extremely small that the molten metal between the flange 15 and the insert penetrates 23 and thereby molten metal comes with the liner 17 in contact and this damaged .

The edge 27a of the cardboard next to the part 30 serves as a stop to erleich tern the correct arrangement of the insert 23 in the heating hood. .The edge 27a rests against the oblique surface 33 of the Flanschis 15 on when-dervEinsatz is inserted into the Wärmhaube 23rd The liinsatz is pushed into the heating hood until the box

009808/0401

BAD QrtiüWAL Q _m . .

U83616

abuts against the inclined surface 33, so that the panels 25, 26 correctly and do not protrude over the upper end of the heating hood.

Because the opening narrows conically and the carton is compressible is, the insert can be driven into the heating hood in such a way that the adjacent edges 40a, 4la of the panels 25, 26 meet, so as to make the possibility of leakage between these edges extremely small. By squeezing the Cardboard boxes when inserting the insert 23 are in contact with each other Surface parts of the adjacent edges of the panels 25 * 26 held in close contact with one another.

The part 31 of the panels 25 * 26 comes to rest in a recess 36 in a bottom ring 37 which is arranged on the bottom of the heating hood. By arranging the part 31 of the insert in the recess 36, the possibility of the molten metal penetrating into the area behind the insert and coming into contact with the liner 17 and damaging it becomes extremely small. In addition, because the lower end of the lining 17 is flush with the puddle 16, the possibility of the molten metal 16 coming into contact with the lining 17 is extremely low, since the puddle 16 is flat against the insert 23 at one point which is located between the lining 17 on the one hand and the end of the part 31 resting against the recess of the bottom ring on the other hand. In addition, the lower end of the insert 23 rests against the inner end of the flange 16, which forms a bearing for the lower end of the insert, so that it cannot move outwards after the molten metal has been poured in, since by such an outward movement the Gap between the adjacent edges 40a, 4la of the panels 25, 26 would open and thus a passage of the metal would be possible. The splash 15 *

ORIGINAL - 10 -

. H83616

against which the upper end of the insert rests «represents a similar one Bearings for this upper end of the insert 2j5.

The bottom ring 17 can of course be of any conventional type Way to be attached to the heating hood housing, and also is a Stripping ring 38 attached to the heating hood and forms a part the same. The details of the bottom ring 37 are known in the art and are therefore not described here. The scraper ring and the bottom ring, of course, act in the usual and conventional manner.

Since the central opening 10a of the warming hood tapers conically, If the insert 23 is in the collapsed state, i. i.e. if it is spread out flat as shown in FIG. 2, in segments Divided and slightly curved and folded up one, trapezoidal shape. In addition, the panels 23 * 26 are on the one hand The ends are narrower and the narrower ends of the panels lie, as has already been described above, on the surface 15a of the flange 15. The specific shape of the panels and insert 23 depends however, of course, on the shape of the warming hood in which they are used, as well as whether the opening of the warming hood tapers conically or not.

According to the present invention, the refractory panels 25, 26 made of a fireproof, insulating material, which makes the panels extremely light in terms of their weight and gives them good insulating properties and thermal properties, so that the panels 25, 26 for use in a heating hood are excellently suited. In addition, the boards are easy to handle because of their low weight. The material from which

009808/0401

- 11 -

the panels 25, 26 are made, has a light, cell-shaped Material that is generally referred to as expanded, loosened " Sound is called. The expanded clay can be unicellular in shape or multicellular, substantially spherical grains or bodies. These grains can take the form of hollow spheres (unicellular) or which are formed by spheres that have several separate cells or spaces (multicellular). The expanded clay will is known to be formed in a melting process, in which in a suitable Oven natural clay is caused to foam or to form cellular, substantially spherical grains. One material of this type is for example under the trademark "Verilite" acted.

The material from which the panels are made preferably contains also a sand and a binder. The binder may be of any conventional shape and may be a synthetic resin, a silicone resin or contain an organic resin. Preferably used the binder is a resin binder in combination with a cereal binder, one in the field of refractory Materials known binders. When preparing the to manufacture The material used for the panels is the sand, the expanded clay and a binder in a conventional manner in a suitable container, for example in a known pan mill, using the desirable proportions discussed below * To make it easier to mix and shape the material, add a suitable amount of water to the mixture. To After thorough mixing of the ingredients, the tablets are shaped and dried in a conventional manner. To make things easier · * of the molding process, the mixture can be given a lower percentage

009808/0401

- 12 -

add kerosene rate,

The proportions of the various components of the material, from which the refractory panels 25 * 26 are made, can be very different. The expanded clay is an extremely good insulator and extremely light in weight, so that with the increase the content of expanded clay in the mixture, the insulating properties and the thermal quality of this material made panels get bigger. In addition, the weight of the panels is reduced, so that extremely light panels are produced. With However, as the content of expanded clay increases, the boards lose their mechanical strength. On the other hand, with decreasing salary of expanded clay in the mixture, the insulating properties of the boards deteriorate and the weight of the boards increases. However This also increases the strength of the panels.

The following Table I gives various mixtures from which heated hood panels were made, as well as the preferred range of amounts for the individual components, with which very good panels are obtained.

A B E L L E

A. 40 50 mixture (Parts by weight) 15th - 85 component 60 50 B C 15th - 85 Expanded tone 5 - 60 D Preferred area 0 - 6 sand 5 7th 40 100 5 - 10 Grain binders 15th 15th 0 10 20th Resin binder 0.25 0 7 "'■ 3 0 0.5 V / ater 15th 7th λe "? es in , 25 0.25 15th 0.25

009808/04 01

15th - 85 15th - 85 ο 6th 3 10

The following Table II gives the various constituents of the material contained in the finished and dried panels, the preferred range of these constituents in panels ^{1 being given} in parts by weight.

TABLE II

Component range (parts by weight)

Expanded tone
sand

Grain binders
Resin binder

The water added to the mixture and the kerosene are not included in the end product given in Table II because these components were eliminated during the drying process.

The preferred amount of expanded clay for certain applications is between 15 and 85 parts by weight as shown in Table II, but the amount of clay can be up to 90 or 95 parts by weight, the remainder being binder and no sand at all in the board ; in this way an extremely light and well insulating panel is obtained, but which has rather poor mechanical strength. On the other hand, the content of expanded clay can be as little as 5 parts by weight, so that a table insert is produced which has only slightly improved insulating properties compared to the inserts consisting only of Ade sand, but shows great mechanical strength. From this discussion, it appears that the constituents of sand, clay and binder may be selected such that a panel is created that the for cjen · intended Anwendungsf all eri'cr i <-r \ · ioheu own sheep tenliat.

0 0 9 8 0 8/0401 '

BAD ORiGlNAL _ ι i-

^% ■ H83616

, In the case of heating hoods whose lining 17 is made of a porous, brittle, , insulating brick with relatively good insulating properties «the percentage * of expanded clay in the Protective panels must be relatively low, since the lining 17 provides the main insulation in this case. For warming hoods with a high quality «hard, dense brick with relatively low

Clay insulation ability must be the percentage of expanded clay in the protective panel must be higher in order to create the main portion of insulation required for the molten metal. One recognizes al-

volume

so that the percentage of expanded £ e & »in the tables to achieve excellent results is changed to the extent that how the properties of the liner 17 change.

To achieve a suitable mixture, the particle size is important

Tone

the mixture of sand and expanded clay between fine and coarse, an average particle size is decisive for the greatest weight of the mixture. If the particle size increases or decreases from this mean size, the weight of the corresponding mixture decreases. With regard to the grain size, it is important to note that grain size means the size of the particles, which pass through a sieve of one mesh size and do not pass through a sieve of smaller mesh size. These particles are not all exactly the same size, but they differ in size within the range between the visual sizes; however, it can be said that they have a grain size which is determined by the size of the dimensions through which they do not pass. in the In technical terms, grain size therefore refers to grains whose size is within a small range.

With the greatest weight of the mixture, there is a certain particle

009808/0401

- 15 -

size present, and if the particle size of the mixture increases or decreases compared to this size, the corresponding weight of the mixture becomes smaller. That is, the mixture preferably does not have a grain size distribution in which a large percentage of the mixture has a large grain size and another large percentage of the mixture has relatively small grain sizes, with a small percentage of average grain size between these two percentage shares. The grain size of the expanded clay is quite large, with more than 90 % of the expanded clay having a grain size of greater than 10.2 DIN meshes per centimeter (30 US Ma-

volume

see per inch) has. The sand used in the mixture with the expanded sand is preferably a coarse sand, which is known in specialist circles as 40/60 sand and whose grain size is such that 90 # of the M sand has a grain size of more than 29 DIN meshes per centimeter (70 US Meshes per inch). Depending on the amount of expanded clay contained in the mixture, the type and grain size of the sand used can of course change. More than 90 % • of the mixture of sand and expanded clay has a grain size of more than 58 DIN meshes per centimeter in the preferred areas. (140 US meshes per inch), and preferably 20 to 80 % of the mixture has a grain size of more than 10.2 DIN meshes per centimeter US meshes per inch).

The graph in Fig. 4 shows the grain size of the expanded Clay and the 4o / 6O sand and the mixture of 40/60 sand and expanded clay for a mixture of equal weights Sand and expanded clay, i.e. for mixture B in Table I above. The legend contained in Fig. 4 indicates which of the '

Pillars affect the mix, sand and expanded clay.

From the graph it can be seen that the greatest problem

009808/0401

- 16 -

percentage of the mixture has a grain size in the range of greater than ale 10.2 DIN meshes per centimeter (20 U.S. meshes per inch) and smaller than about 7 DIN meshes per centimeter (20 U.S. meshes per inch) and that the percentage of the mixture for other grain sizes decreases, that is, when the grain size versus the grain size for increases or decreases the largest percentage of the mixture.

The panels formed from the material described above are shaped so that they are designed for the particular use or for the particular Warming hoods in which they are to be used have the desired shape and thickness, and they are then dried so that in solid panels with essentially parallel sides arise. The panels naturally contain expanded clay, which is also included Sand and the binder is bound to form a unitary structure, with the cells of the expanded clay forming small air pockets or air spaces in the board. If made from the material described above produced panels are inserted into the heating hood, comes; the molten metal comes into contact with the panels and causes that the panels are weakened and easily collapse, which is a desirable property in heated hood insulation panels and facilitates the cleaning of the lining 17 of the heating hood and the removal of the heating hood from the ingot. In addition, j melts the expanded clay containing material not at the temperatures normally encountered with molten steel. Of the Material can therefore reach extremely high temperatures without melting, carry and has essential insulating properties, as well as making the board easier to handle.

Slides made from the material described above can [

_{AÄÄ A} ORIGINALINSPECTED

0 0 9 8 0 8/0401

- 17 -

nen are used with all types of warming hoods and Pig. 3 shows Another embodiment of a warming hood, in the panels from * the material described above are incorporated. In Pig. J5 consists of the Warming hood made of a plurality of sheets 70 of insulating material which are conventionally suitable for forming a * Warming hoods are connected to one another and are mounted at the upper end of an ingot mold with several warming hoods hooks 71. The panels forming the warming hood are made of the material described above and form one for a single use certain warming hood.

The refractory material or composition described above can be used in a variety of ways in warming hood constructions are used and the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 3 are only intended to be two forms of application of the material explain in a warming hood. The mixture or composition described above can be used in conjunction with or in conjunction be used with multi-layer inserts or heated hoods, in which the layer which comes into contact with the molten metal and which is formed by the sheet is, in a known manner, from an exothermic Material is made and in which this panel is mounted on a layer of the material described above or with this is connected, or in which the material described above is connected to various other materials that serve as a base act for the material described above.

Claims;

ORiGfNAL! K'SPECTED

009808/0401 "

~ lo ■ ·

Claims (1)

Dr. Ing. E. BERKENFEtD · DIpI.-Ing. H. BERKENFEtD, patent attorneys, Cologne 10. Oaetaaftar 1965 ▼ Α * n _ * «_ OOUBAT MORfOl CQNPAIT. 1400 ftaana Building, > ♦ QHXO * 0 · 8 · Α · 0 c μ 1 1 · Xaallaraartaa, tmmrtmtom 011 * 4 fttr ttnfcaaben, thereby «e- «Mffcabattt Ut. flBvP eBajreWBMHj ^ HjfcHt ^ HJHBBe ^ Bper ^ p ap ^ B ^ B ^^^^ Λρ ^ HWHf ^^^^ P ^ B · ^ W ^ fc ^ HHP ^ e ^^^ P ^ p ^^ e ^ ee ^ ^^^^^^^^ W ^^ ^^ ρ ^^ ·· ^ v ^ p ^^^^^^^^^ m ^ ^^ e ^ 0 ^^^^ dal ·· 15 to 89 Ov * Ubtteil · «qpaMtett« · 15 fet · $ 5 0 — Uh »rt» lU StMd Ml) MiM Omietot «t« il · Mater · ■ »· cap. QELJUNK iBflMpBl JHUHBHMHm 3β CUHHHBPHBt ^ · »" Ibr «3Ui 57 UV IliinMn 4 · (HO VUI. Wwihin J IaU) 4 «daterak jjrtiMMHif ^ üit, 4 ··« mi VkXtA mim (25. 26, 70) old aaraUalMi a »lt — fUohaw let. wm amom «in suitable let »ait CMnHfIlWiI- metal in ea sa koaeen. 009808/0401 ORIGINAL BATHROOM - 19 - I ^ϊ0 Blank page