DE1471297A1 - Refractory materials and processes for their manufacture - Google Patents

Description

Refractory materials and procedures for their Manufacturing The present invention relates to manufacturing of refractory materials and one of their At least suitable cementitious magnesia emulsion. These materials and mixtures of substances are suitable for but good for building containers b $ w. Device genes or furnaces for melting metals, for example of iron, steel and copper. In the field of production of refractory materials For a long time, there has been a desire to produce complex moldings or large masses, for example by pouring fire fentem concrete in easy-to-manufacture casting molds. produce and certain refractory materials are available up to now also made of refractory concrete. the cements that are still only available in the state of the art However, in many balls they do not freeze a technology, resistance to hits or insufficient resistance Resistance to metal oxides and baeinohe licks showed that it was not possible to use such cements in Sohmelzräxnnen of furnace and the associated furnace materials like never before in the smelting of iron, steel, Copper and the like are used to to need. The previously known. Magnesia cements have additional Lich to the disadvantage indicated above the defect, that they have the required volume - stability and at the necessary swelling, shrinkage or crack formation dunga strength during drying, firing or during deqttehenlassene between the burning periods which is missing; or they show insufficient strength at cold, medium or high temperatures; or Finally, they have other disadvantages as well. There- In addition, molded bricks made of magnesia, magnesia Spinels or magnesia-chromite mixtures are no sufficient compression strength, including the strength that it should be understood immediately after loading removal from the mold or die sit, and you must therefore be particularly careful with them. Be Done To Avoid Excessive Breakage Or to avoid other damage. The well-known Sorel cements can be used in Castings made from plastic or active magnesia have been manufactured and are intended for use in of the cold, that is, for Andean dungeons that are not stretch, are certain, but it is known that such Body when heated to temperatures above about 9,000 over-source; and at a temperature around or above about 18000B or? 0000C suffer such Cements show an exceptionally strong shrinkage, and either or both of these properties can result in a disruptive bio-formation in a concrete material lead bonded with such a cement. 3h usually weep the brgebnieae that one at the Eraeugong of refractory bodies or materials obtained through the Celtic deformation of fuel mining, * ä3 .e made of refractory aggregates and negnesia mats exist, a $ u gross scatter on or they are unpredictable, b $ w. they are costly on $ u W ith been achieved or require the use of Substances that are healthy for the employees heitesohädlioh are. According to the present invention, a voluaen- etabilee, refractory, cement-ready M.teriel on the Basis ton nagnesie geaoheffen ,. that from an "i« i- gen mixture of finely divided, non-plastic ltegneeia and a small length, that is up to 15 lewiohteprosent of an aliphatic hy droxytrioarbon- Acid, such as citric acid or a salt or a prayer of such a band, bsw. from a. there are any single connections. Before- They are assigned 0.01 to 15 96 units of this type. Additive.. etoffee used. To take advantage of the present invention can be achieved at boot a »- The Negneoia and the Sitroneneämrv are supposed to "draw" or the other acid in a uniform intimate Mixture present. The acid or ßel $, which be used, ® must be preweiee @ water soluble no, or at least they should be which is used to be soluble. until present found, a concrete mixture also falls over, which Eohlagetoffe in a mixture with the one just described cementitious mixture contains: gormeteine or other shapes or materials can also be made from mixing of refractory aggregates and cement like mixture of substances, whereby pressure is turned to the same in. the corresponding port- men to press. The resulting from the aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acid standing data, which for the purposes of the present the invention is to be used, there is game made from citric acid, agaricic acid n-01583192 (COOH) C (OH) (C00H) CH2C00H, caperic acid n-C14% 9CH (COOH) C (On) (C00H) CH2000H, haric acid (HOOC) C3'20 (OH) (C00H) CH (C00H) C16% 3 or from an inorganic or an organic salt or an ester thereof Acid. Citric acid or a salt or an ester thereof is used. GewUnaah- Mixtures of such materials are also caught used. A small amount, i.e. up to 15%, citric acid or incorporated a salt or a prayer of the same; and ideally 0.1 to 6 96, based on the weight of cement, applied when one wants to use the most comfortable way of dealing with appropriate material behavior. Excellent results are obtained when 0.5 to 1 96 citric acid used. Goatskins can more than 15 96 can be used, but The cement then sets off faster, and @ for this reason are only used up to in the practical implementation about 15 96 used. The citric acid can be used in one Number of sources can be obtained, but lies for usually as a zatrakt made from lemon juice; she is also as 2-propenol-1,2,3-triaarboxylic acid of the formula (HOOC C82) 2C (OH) (COOH) known. The acid or the Another connection described should be used in the event that 8 them into the dry, uncured cement mix is mixed in, preferably in finely divided Porm come to use. A connection type that for the purposes of the present invention as has proven to be particularly useful, an abnormal Ganic balsa of citric acid, for example that Citrate of an alkali metal, such as sodium or potassium, or an alkaline earth metal such as galcium, barium or Strontium, or an ammonium salt or a salt of Magnesium, silver or cobalt and the like. Particularly good results are achieved when using Citric acid, ammonium citrate or magnesium citrate obtain. The present invention is as follows using citric acid and its metal salt explained, but can deviate from this too all other connections listed above to find application. The magnesia used in the cement mixture should not - be plastic and finely divided. It gets best in of such a particle size that essentially all particles go through a sieve that 40 nibbles per (lineorem) inch and the preferred wisely go through a 100-mesh screen . The magnesia shows very little persistence on further firing Shrinkage. To the Bagnesie.-varieties used here include, for example, periclase, dead burnt aagneeit, äfegnesit grain of the known as Austrian Xagneeit knew type (i.e. with a grade of 3 to 5 0901 about 2 g6 8102 and am $ u? or 8 y6 ferric oxide ) or magnesia pinel material, the overlapping or _. Contains unbound gagnesiumozyd. Hard-burned or Nagneoia baked at medium temperatures also useful. For the production of products with the highest degree of commitment one uses highly fine magnesia, such as periclae, which does not contain more than 2% Lime Ca0 and not more than 2 gi silicon dioxide Si02 and Contains a minimum of 95.0% magnesium oxide. The Nagnesia obtained by caloinising natural minerals lien such as magnesite or brucite; or you never get by calinating a sodium compound used in Oalcn.eren supplies magnesium oxide, for example from Begin ium hydroxide, »magnesium carbonate or basic Carbonate, magneaium acetate, or nagnenium alcoholate; or they are obtained by oxidation of nagneeium metal. According to one embodiment, a bare nagne $ is in the-wines won that one aqueous solution of a Nagneaiumeal $ eo, like a _.Sals- eole ,. Sea water, Nagnesiumahlor-idäblaugen and des = . same, with an alkali metal such as lime, caleinier- tem dolomite, soda ash, Itzrali or another alkali, converts to precipitate magnesium hydroxide, which then washed and oiled or burned to Keep magnesia or periclase. Magnesium carbonate, dasAuroh the Yällung® known in this field method can also be caloined will be to supply Begnesia au made for the purpose of the present invention. This one- for suitable magnesia can also be done by burning one suitable magnesium compound in a rotary kiln or in a Bohaohtofen or by an electric oven 8ohme process can be obtained. The for the invention contain suitable dead-burned maggesite usually around 82 to 926 »g0, run some too Variants contain a little less magnesium oxide. 3e Mixtures of the ldagnesia components Amen- find application. The non-plastic magnesia can such from a mixture of higher-fired Begnesia and from a smaller amount of active magnesia stand, but should be a total of min deetens 0.961 g / com (60 lbs. per: ou.ft. ) . It is best to use higher brewed @ ante äagnesiemit a debris weight that is at least that just mentioned Value corresponds. The cementitious mixture according to the invention. Is designated as such for refractory purposes draws usable, for example as mortar. 81e is equally well suited as cement or binder, the or the more suitable in a mixture with additives the size of the rope is used for the production of shaped bodies, such as from 7ormeteinen or clinker, or for refractory concrete that is then poured or in be brought into the desired porm in another way can. To the non-teal, that is to say, to the basic or neutral additives bsw. the non-aura Grain, which is intended to be mixed in with the erft Suitable cement include periclase, dead burned magnesite, chromite ore or processed Chromite, clay and spinels, such as Magnesiochromite, magnesium aluminate, magnesioferrite, Chromium / iron oxide, furthermore olivine, porsterite periclase, Coal, iron ore, dead-burned dolomite, chromite or broken magnesite clinker or mixtures thereof Materials. A useful type of one consists essentially of, for example 20 to 80 parts periclase grain and 80 to 20 parts Chromite. Acid additives can also be added to the cementitious substance mixtures according to the invention be worked on, for example in the production of refractory insulation compounds or of units that from a combination of insulating and fireproof Share exist. As acidic aggregates are used for Example quartz sand, clay, diatomaceous earth, mica, expanded vermiculite and the like are used. in the In general, the acidic additives are used milder temperatures used, that is, below the melting points of the reaction products from such Aggregates and the magnesia of cement. If the cementitious mixture is mixed with the refractory aggregates for manufacturing of pressed molded articles. or from rammed earth lakes used, for example, of shaped stones, bricks or Pounding smells, so it is preferably about 10 up to about 60 yb of the total mixture. Using oils mortar is the cement either alone. or with an aggregate of small grain size is used. Will it is used in refractory concrete, so does that cementitious material content about 90 to about 60%, preferably about 30% of the concrete; That means, the number that is incorporated. is the one which gives the mixture processability. the Quantities refer to the total trooken dedicated to the constituents of the unbaked mixture. The cum deforming or pouring de® mixture The amount of water used should be sufficient to make the mixture to be able to turn it on or to give it plasticity borrow and should be calibrated in the usual practice move wise "used boundaries. Usually are used in the production of cast concrete under use of a coarse-grained aggregate 4 to 15% Water used. If you put Gußatüoke under M.itver- use of finer grained aggregates, for example in the case of the Gießsohlicker, so be much higher amounts of water, namely 35 to 40 96 or more used; and in the production of pressed moldings, such as clinker, or in rammed measure or spray mixes are 1 to 7% or used more water. The percentages for that Water are calculated on dry solids. When making the approaches, the grain size is The desired additives trap in well-known wines chosen so that they result in a dense 1% okening. Away- deviating from this can also be done in numerous sewing arbitrary grain sizes can be used, namely special then, when one creates objects that are Contains more cement. 3e can such a great deal large grain sizes, namely up to a diameter of 6.2 mm (3 inohes) or more, used in concrete because, for example, the cementitious substance-- miechung or the binder mixture during the Dry » or deformation in the cold or the ohenieohen setting and you during the burning voluaenkonetant remains and therefore the disadvantageous Socks, springs or the formation of the eggs, as they are with enter the well-known Stoftheohungen, here be avoided. 8e1 of the production of concrete according to the invention, W3rteln, shaped paper or other products the finely divided magnesia and the above The acid is grated intimately and evenly with one another mixed, da = mixed with water and - gewtineoh = if necessary - with the ingredients above described type and amount mixed, and the whole thing is then poured or pressed into the desired Un sole Yorm. The bagneais and the acid can be in dry form be mixed together, or it can be the acid first in water or in any other mentioned ten suspicious liquid and then with the magnesia be mixed. If an approach is to be made, the Begnesis additive contains, it is fine distributed portion of the surcharge, special those who through a 40-line sieve, preferably through a 100- Meeohensieb goes, as a magnesia component of the binding means well suited. The mixtures are rough x Unrequited end product either by pouring, milling, Pounding, shaking, spraying, splashing or others Desired work, deformed. According to another Execution form the process will be a half-pleetiaohe Mene of these materials, for example in a mortar mill deformed and thereby converted into blanks that their final shape then in a post-pressing operation received, similar to it. with the previously preferred practically performed work with clay minerals aen is the case. An advantage of the present invention is that they are the extraction of magnesia-containing refractories Materials enables' against dimensional changes are persistent. Another advantage is that the counterparts produced according to the invention by pressing there would be an increased breaking strength and also an have a higher mass density or a unit weight compared to the items that are in the same way, but made without the addition of citric acid have been. In the production of pressed counter stands will have excellent compression strengths reached, the removal of the object sat out the mold is experienced. The hardened cement shows no harmful cracking or shrinkage, and neither in the cold nor when heated and or or when burning. Fireproof concrete masses that according to the present invention are can be of great benefit to a variety of Applications are used. So they can be used as work surfaces in such places, where they are directly hot furnace gases or melted Exposed to metals or other hot furnace contents or where they come into contact with these substances. For example, when casting oven soles, for example from Siemens-Martin ovens or electrical steel furnaces, soaking furnaces, converters or other Noah temperature oven soles, find application. The concrete can also be used to cast other parts of a furnace, for example the walls, the vault, or the door feed can be used. The oven soles or others Oven elements can be pre-cast in sections and then hardened, dried and installed; or you can, if desired, first burned and then to be built in. After installation, it can be worth the spaces between each Sectors with the concrete or cement in quantities intended for Set enough to pour out to make one out of a Piece of worked sole or a continuous add to create. According to the present invention can be units of any shape or size you want are fabricated. The fittings can be designed that way no, that they lock together. if they . be assembled in their place of use. It composite format pieces can also be produced that is called eolche who @ made of more oils a type of fire solid concretes, each of which is are marked with a special ingredient. So can Example of a part made from a cementitious mixture according to the present invention and an insulating Surcharge to be manufactured; and another part out the cement and a dense refractory aggregate, where the two parts are expediently in contact with each other to be poured. Support or suspension elements or - reinforcement elements representing devices, those made of metal or of a refractory material can exist, can with the casting or mold body can be cast firmly connected as a whole. Of the Refractory concrete can be in or permanently attached to Metal containers or plates are cast, the one or cover several sides of the pouring mane or never applied bind. The metal container or metal Plate can be constructed with lases or eyelets. with holes or 8finungen be provided to, if necessary, the Association $ u ensure. Instead of a metal plate or a metal container can also be one of a flammable material existing container or a corresponding plate can be used, which is then used at Burn burns away. The refractory concrete is also used Casting around a pipe or pipe suitable to in this way to create a uniform material, which then for example as a Windsohutskaeten or burner look Can be used. The concrete can also serve to to repair furnace soles or other furnace elements or with a new surface in the . I am such Replacement is expedient with the help of a concrete spray Gate direction. The following experiments illustrate the effect with the addition of only a small amount of citric ronemaic acid or one of its inorganic balances occurs, for example improving the resistance ability against a volume change a refractory Materials on Ragneeie-Banis. A certain amount Periklae, which according to the information in the U8A patent sohrift 2 48? 290 produced by Auetin and co-workers and the following typical compilation eetsung has: 2.2 96 8i02, 1.3% 0e0, 0.5 9d 1r0203 :, 0.4 9: A1203, 0.25% Qr203 and (as a difference) 95.35 2g0, is roasted and ground, eo 8a8 68.6% through a 6 mesohene sieve and a 14 yanohen sieve to be retained, and 31.4 9i by a 14- Usaoheneieb go and back from a 65-Benoheneieb- being held. This material will then be Set A and B divided. Each Anaats is self-made in divided into four servings called a, b, o and d and with each serving are used as a binding agent 30 96 finely divided periclase of the same species mixes, however, of particles with the following specific surfaces as they are after the Method determined by Blaise: Porti n Specific surface of the binding medium-serving Zeriklae a 2200 oa2 / g b 3400 e 2 / g 0 5000 010 / g d 6400 c102 / 6 Each portion of batch A was then 6 y6 water or ao, a lot of water added, scarce as necessary to own gain plastic, pourable mass; and to everyone Portion of batch B was the same amount of water added, which, however, contained 0.25% lemon curd in solution based on the total amount of dry Peetatoffe. Each portion is then thoroughly cooked and cooked poured into Borns of rods, which then ui one on 99o0 heated furnace, its atmosphere is saturated with peoples, and they become under left in these conditions for 20 hours. Brook After this time, the percentage became linear Change beatimt, whereby In individual the following values been sat Table_I Our change in 16 8th Portion without lemon juice 0.25 9G 8 re + 2.6 -0.05 b + 4.9 + 0.03 o + 6.9 + 0.05; ... @ d + e, 9 + 0.12 From the Brgelniseen it can be seen that the volume stability or resistance to dimming nale Indians = « in the ales in which citric acid has been set is excellent, whereas without this addition "excessive swelling occurs, and the Elimination of the source = by using the Citric acid depends «on the changing size the specific surface or the partial height. The following utterances perverted the Effects of changing heugen of citric acid in influencing the expansion of the refractory werketoffe on. Xegneaiabasia. It will be a fruit Approach of the additives produced, which is made from peri- klae exists and the, as in the UfiA-Patentohrift 2 487 290 Ton Luatin and coworkers stated and the following Distribution showed: passed through a 6 mosque sieve and held by an 8-Maeoh sieve 38 passed through an 8-machine sieve and retained by a 14-mesh screen 10% passed through a 10-mesh screen and held back by a 20 masa sieve 10 g6 . passed through a 14-mesh screen and retained by a 28-masoh sieve 10% gone through a 35-masehene and retained by a 65-mesh screen 2% in the ball mill up to a particle grind size , which is a 10-Maaohens life happens and a specific surface of 2400 am2 / g having: 30 This Pericles material is then mixed dry and divided into several servings. The soluble additive Substitute listed in Table II is given in about 6 g6 Anmaohwaoser dissolved and then gradually in each serving of the PBriklas-Anoätd8 given above mixed in, in the prosperous establishments in listed in the table ßd. The thoroughly mixed portion will then. in every palle in sirr. Cast rectangular vessel of the format 5 X 5 a 22 cm. One sats of these test pieces is then left for 20 Cure in the air for hours, dry 24 Hours at 120o0 and then determines the modulus of rupture; the results are given in Table II. The other set of test pieces will turn into one Polyethylene bags are loosened, because with a Aluminum foil covered and for the specified time placed in an oven heated to 95 ° C. the Expansion is achieved with these tea towels with a registered dilatometer. This test etüake if the measurement of the expansion decreases closed , dried for 24 hours at 120 ° C. net, and your Bruoh module is then determined. Table II Por-% citric linear expansion fracture. to which tion nenoäu- in% according to module according to feet gehär- re 14 1/2 hrs. 20 hrs. the Aue dehnunge- tet teat (after k P, 20 St @.) Psi) kg / s (Fei) 1 0.00 2.4 4.1 crumbly 6.4 91 2 0.05 0.4 1.3 2.7 39 19 271 3 0.10 0.1 0.4 6.9 9 8 23 329 4 0.25 0.02 0.02 105 1500 25. Q60 Another Xenge of the Peri- klas-Yaterials is divided into two portions 5 and 6. Splits. Portion 5 is. mixed with 8.75% water, in which 0.5% citric acid are dissolved and in which also diapered 1% hydrated sodium partioate is. Portion 6 is mixed with 795 % water, which contains 1 gb of hydrated sodium alumina, each but no citric acid. The mixtures are then poured and a set that is obtained from each serving nen test pieces is then bebsndelt to the Anedeb rxn GS To beetimen of own liability, just like further above for table Ix was rubbed. A portion Each sentence was toned when it was finished dried and then a determination the Bruohmduls subject. The results are in the below- Table III compiled. Table III Test No. Percentage Linear Break Wo dul Expansion according to kg / am2 (pei.) 14 1/2 0! D. 20 hours 5 0.0 0.14 23 330 .6 1.6 3.8 Equal In another Vereuchaoerie, approaches were made in the in In connection with Tables II and III Way, with the difference that in this series as Biegneaia for the experiments 7 and 8 a refractory Magnesiaspinell-ldaterial comparable which contained 50 96 crystals of Periklae , and for Trials 9 and 10, a refractory one was used Nagnesiaapinell-X material is used, which is 75% Per : L klae- Contained claws. In both fire-proof Xaterielkm consists of the remaining component, that is, the 8pinel component, essentially made of 33% Magneelo ferrite and 67% magnesium alumines t. Table IV there the results obtained with these genes using about 6% water were made to give each portion a pouring to give strength. The Xeaeungen were in the same cry as for the tables. II and III indicated above, durobgeiUhrt with the deviation, the extension was measured after 14 1/2 hours. Table IY Portion of lemon - percentage of lins - breaking modulus sä. E ere Aued e after a tea ns / d. k @ t / ont ( pa i ) @rrrr rrwrr @ .r @ .w @ rw.r 7 0.0 4, 8 crumbly 8 0.25 0.05. 19.1 273 9 0.00 5.4 crumbly 10 0225 0.15 1? 240 The above test values show the effective full reduction of the extent among these. raw test conditions and at the same time the increase the] firmness that is achieved. Additional Lich ge fm is the been that the Ausdebnung Xagneeis containing cements by adding the Itronic acid salts, for example the Xalium, Ammonium, qeloium, silver, begnegium, sodium, Barium and other accessories ao greatly reduced will never exceed a value of about 0.5 96 strides. 86 is for example by the addition of 0.75% of such a salt from a cementitious term material agreement in accordance with the present Ir fixfövng the linear expansion from around 8 9: to less than 0j5% has been reduced, yes ixt some balls eogra ; r to less than 0.1 p6. The following games are intended to be some fireproof 8toffmizohungen according to the present invention and the working instructions for their production purify. game 1 Pexiklas porcelain stones are produced in the following wines represents: A refractory material made from Pericles that is made of lbgnesia, which in turn etting of Seeweseer with oaloin 3rd dolomite according to the procedure of U.S. Patent 2,537,014 of Jlustin is broken and on the following grind the feilohengrächen: 46.3% go through 4-bee sieve and are made of brazen 12-masohenoieb surüok- held; 141.6 % go through a 20 Maeohemieb @tmd are held back by a 40-gas trap; 8.4% go through a 40 moohenaieb and be from one 100 mesh sieve withheld; and 30.7 96 go through a 100-laso strainer. The periclase had the following typical composition to 595 % 61 029 1.3 96 080, 0.4% 79203, 0.3 96 A3.203 and 9295 9d Mg0 (as difference) . The periclase grains become 93.46 parts by weight. 4943 parts volatilized 8ilioiu m 9.ioayd, 1.77 parts I% gneoium sulfate and 0.34 parts citric acid added. 5 parts of water per 100 parts of this mixture included, that's 5%, based on the total accustomed to the dry äeet® fabrics to renew the approach maohen. When making the approach is su- The citric acid is poured into the A nwohwaseer and the unung will then be sent with the rest of the mail fabrics intimately durohgeminoht to a plastic Get wet, which is gießfMig, and it is then poured into a mold for molded stones and left to harden and then dried, and the oo formed pormeteins are then derived from the form took. The stones show only a very slight or essentially no tendency to swell or Shrink, and they have good feet. she are burned at about 140000 and show no eohäd.- lio cracking and no shrinkage and then have excellent warmth. Eeiuiel 2 Another series of cast Pormoteins is in manufactured in the following way: Chromite-ers (phülipinisohee 8r $), which the following typical composition has: 30% 0r203, 27.5 7 A1203, 13 g6 7e203, 4.7% 81 02, 0.9 96 080 and (810 Difference) 23.9 96 Mg0, is broken and nested, so that 76.8 96 go through a 4-masoh sieve. and from a 14-Haeohensieb ßurüok be held, and 23.2 go through a 14-wire sieve and from a 40-- Naeohennieb surüok maintained. In addition, a agreed Range Perikl®e, which according to the information in the USA -Patentaahrift 2 487 290 from Anetin and Nitar- beitern was made, broken and become a such partial wheezes, de8 14 96 through a 20- 11a aoheneieb go and from a 40- neeaä- sieve to be held and that 86% by a Go 100-gaach sieve. These are in proportion of 65.47 parts of chromite material and 30.5 parts Periclaa material and 0.73 parts of Cr203 with one mixed together, and serve mixture will be in two Portions divided. Portion 2e is made with 2 @.9 parts Water containing 0.5 parts citric acid; ver miaoht; and portion 2b is mixed with 3.4 parts water mixed without the addition of citric acid. Ah one Thoroughly mixing the approaches in one Vibrating press under a low pressure of about 1.75 = 2 / kg (25 lbs. Per eq. In.) In the gexibuohten Forms are prreeed, and then left for about 2.3 hours long hardening, after which they are taken out of the molds and dried at about 20500 (400 ° F) and finally in in a rwnall oven at around 1350 ° C for approximately 4 hours be burned for a long time. The portion that the lemon contains acid, tends to have better plaeteness and remains can be processed for a longer period of time, even with less Weoeerzueätsen; and when burning, the no Zormettioke exhibited essentially no cracking on, and they also show increased steadiness values, if one never compares with the lP or »tüoken those without an addition made of citric acid. Without a Working the described Zunat $ etoffeo is very good difficult to burn under these conditions without the To carry out intetehing of tucks. Example 3 Bd, n Another approach is just like that in Example 2 described made with the dbweiohung, the 28.24 Parts of the Ghromite with the particle size specified there size distribution with 65.88 parts of the same perikla- art are mixed, but the grain sizes are like distribute as follows: 28.24 parts go through a 6-ggoohen- - sieve and are held back by a 12 mesh sieve; 4977 parts go through a 40 baaohenaieb and are made by restrained a 100 yasehenaieb; and 32.87 parts go through a 100-Mseoh sieve. This example will be 3.60? Eile verflüohtigee eilioiumdioayd, 196 parts l9gne- Eiumaultet and mixed in 0.5 'of citric acid. Then 6% water is added and the whole thing becomes mixed together in a concrete mixer. It will then poured into a mold to make a ', # segment of a Side wall lining of an electric oven too Pouring is done by shaking with the help of a known i a Concrete vibrators. The shaped piece obtained in this way is about 1.8 m high (6 feet)., 34.3 cm deep (13 1/2 inohes ) and before jü4 in width from 47 cm to 41.6 cm (18 1/2 to 16 3/8 inohes), while its weight is approximately 771 kg (1700 lbe). Leave the fitting for about two Cure for weeks and it will be out of shape and by heating for about 8 hours dried to 26,000 (500 ° P). The dried porm etUok is then placed in a tea room in the Beiten- aand an Otenava feeding system, whereby the remaining part of this section from preached ] P brm- e has the same composition as the Exception, the sur gsrgtellnag of these Pora stones no Cardoon is also used. Of the cast Zorm- stUok is then burned in place and Otelie and shows no harmful crack formation and purely sohrumplen and * fills a purpose at the point where it was incorporated is to the best of satisfaction. This is an un- Waited advantage because one actually had to expect that in such a large section or section significant tensile and pressure loads occur. 8eieiel_ 4 A certain amount of the periclae, its chemical bosaamamet $ ung is already given in example 1 , is broken and ground and then with volatilized tem oilioiumdiosyd and Nagneeiumeulfat in the following Quantitative proportions are not misused the 4--1oeoheneieb happens and is retained by a 14-8th sieve 20.1 who passed a 14-ltaeohennieb and retained by a 100-ynsohene sieve 19.6 which goes through a 100 Neschensieb 55.2 volatilized bilioium diocytes8 3.5 Nsrgnesivssulfat 196 This Otaisoh is then divided into two portions , divides = d portion 49 is made up with 3.9! i denominator. Portion 4b is made up with 2.7% waeeer, the 0.5% Contains citric acid. Each serving is thorough durohgemisoht and then in an Oteinpreeee nu Bors-. stones forgotten, under a l # retidruok of about 560 to 700 kg / 032 (8000 to 10000 lbe. per eq.fn.). The Pormsteize thus obtained show the In Table Y. compiled Zeun numbers or properties. Table Y form @ te @, r . 48 4b 8ohüttdiohte unfired, chemical 3 tied, g / om 2.75 2.82 (lbs./ou.ft.) 172 176 still burning 140-00 g / om 2.74 2.79 (lbs./ou.asst.) 171 174 Apparent porusity after Firing at 140000 21 g6 18.7 Cold pressure continuity 1. not fired, dried net kg / om2 1435 1659 (lbe./sq.in.) 20500 23700 2. Intermediate product after burning at 0000 kg / on2 308 525 ? lbs./aq.in.) 4400 7500 3rd fired after the 8 ° r heat to 140,000 k wom2 683 1155 (lbu. sq.in.) 9750 16500 Of course, another »Korn or» ixt There is a different impression among the inventor shops Approaches or de »erfinöuxs @ gem @ t @ eoa concrete are used the. For example, the external Zuohlaptoff essentially completely sun ähromiters or ans Aluminum oxide, 8pinell or another grain. As already mentioned above, we can be considered as one other porm the Megneeie-Neteriale of the sementertigen 8toffmiechuagen also msgneeie-apinelle verrrmdäet, which beyond the ßpinell-Kombinet% a gsahg »d eeies 40 contain that they are ele xegnesia 83ndearittel or Binder component can act. Gewttnsohtmgalln other liquids than water can also be used as resources are used. 8o is mm example Trimegneeium $ itrat, which sobwaoh löolioh in water only is, In alcohol löa, @ ch,. and the: leUtgenennte MeBig- when these salts are used as an excipient Serve pastry. The Megneeie and the beaohrie- acid or its salt b $ w. Prayers can for gaunt or Vernandsweoke mixed dry with each other will. The ester which can be used according to the invention can be used for Example of methyl, ethyl or butyl ethers, both Spieleweioe Nethyl itrat. G0wUna Ohtenfalln, other binder 3n the refractory materials according to the invention used will. The examples given above verea "oWuliah" a prepare the use of a small amount of finely divided shared 8 Siliciumdiosyd or von wegnee : t u »ulfet or von both n . You can also use the example near Begneajua- ohlorid, Ohroemerbandet, Binder, as they are in the iIBA- Patent No. 2,537,013 to Anatin and Bioke are, boric acid or sodium elioate .Application. gew forces obtentells other Bittal that one came aachB @ noag der hesti * eit against dio m eionele Indoran- gen ia feuerfeatmn Verkatoffia on the best of »To bring about a penis = veradgea, like never before an example At the ex 22.] ebrmr 1955 svsgendal üBA-pstent- eotn * itt 8 702 751 by Metin and co-workers. " tuet eiad, gleiohfa173 in the nine-tent eobtmgea or products oil uor14egepdin Irfindmg a to be worked. Particular gateepe illuminates mau, warn mm feverteite, approaches or feueiteeten Emphasized under axrreaumg by aiohtesaren zuolilagatoffta and from 10 to 60 ü of a serviceable midnight According to the present statement, ase about 1 / ß to 1, bereaöaet as Gr20 @, a Chroarerbindmg. iMd a slight flexion, alAAl, ioh up to 2%, utrones # dure entMt, manufactures,. being the villains of the. dbmösverbin- dmg and sitronic acid on the 0eeamtgevioht the Refractory Ib terisie are related. Go for another Jbwendiuag chew the Bueettertoff according to the ti @ 1iegeMen mg, for example citric acid or a Put the same, with special advantage auoU.susemten with eint thsraoplaetisohen, kohleaaatoffbeltigea connective medium, like an aqueous Oteinohianteer-7 m lnion . be turned. In the case of an eolohen carrion unafoset the Zitronemäere or the entepreohende Bittal mixed with a small amount of water, and there = becomes mm & obat the torn or the additive, vti the last post, and only afterwards becomes the coal "toffheltige binding" ittei in the #asets incorporated. In this 3 rfindungäbesohreibuag and in the associated The indicated parts and Prosent.- sahlem part by weight bslr. Weight percent means unless otherwise expected. The specified = Siabgrögen refer sui 'Tyler-eiebe as they are on Page 1719 of the "Chexioal» ngiaee »'88ndbook" by Jobn B. Perry, 2nd edition, 1941, edited by lloGrev-gill Bock do., defines pind. The Indian Ertinduagebeeohreibung used Auedruok "pourable or #gegogsen "should refer to an atotwoohung which is capable of being fed or to the desired poret or in the pore! of the container or the base is deformable under her big closer, bsw. by Shaking (vibration) or taking only moderate pressure in the order of magnitude of 7 kg / am2 (100 pounds per aquere laugh) or below, and the subsequent hardens on a solid body or material; these Expressions should be clearly different from that in the bean flue pouring of materials that have been heated to such a high temperature that they the pouring of the Zateriale allowed in geaohmolsener fora. The one further used in this Wiaäungabesohreibung The expression * volatilized bilioium diocide "is valid on a bilioium diocide that was foxed out of the exhaust gases was that escape from ovens in which perroeilioium by implementing Eigen with Kohlenetoff.ero a * -9M, ", 3 ... Eilioinhaltigen Nateriei is generated, and the one has a very small 2eilohen size. Likewise The Blaine xX method mentioned "corresponds to" A.8.2.8. Standard Method 0 204-55 ". Which continues in the Beeohreibuag engegneta bulk densities or unit weights of the pure distributed Yagsesie were determined at Nater9.almuetern- telt who went through a 200-IKasohenaieb and the under their own ßW : L Qht condensed in the way were that they were the container in which they were filled had, tapped, and the corresponding values for the Formats are based on the "AStU Standard gethod 0 134-410. The expression v8e1 $ e der organic acid should be also write an organic salt or a prayer Include. In accordance with normal practice in the Conducting chemical analyzes of refractories Materials are in the present invention ear rubbing and in the claims the porters and amounts of the various chemical constituents, which are present in such a material, so indicated as if these ingredients were in simpler form Oxides exist when in reality they are natural also in the form of one or more chemical compounds Boys who they enter into one another "be present . I = ö: niien. For example, SD becomes mng@fieal.umhaltige Component simply. nla LIDg Magnesiumoxyä 1.g0 and the oil containing component simply as Si.lici.um- dioxyd S: 002, although at least part of this Components in reality in the form of the magnetic eilioate may be present.

Claims (1)

PS te1'it8xi8gr @! 1. Peuerfeetee Usterisl, thereby keauseiohnet, 4.98 it is a cement-like mixture of finely divided non-plastic Magnea and 0.1 to 15% at least one aliphatic $ yärozytricarboa- _. acid or a selenium of such an acid holds. 2. Refractory material according to änepruoh 1, thereby knows that the finely divided, alohtplaeti- eohe magnesia not larger than 2% OA0 and / or not c h contains over 2% 8102 . 3. refractory Äeteriel according to claim 1, characterized known that it is citric acid or a Contains 8a1 $ water-soluble citric acid. 4. Refractory material according to claim 39 characterized by indicates that citric acid or a water-- soluble salt of citric acid in an amount of 0.1% to 6%, based on the weight of the cement like Gemiechea, is present. 5. Fe w feate $ material according to any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that it is additionally 40 - 90% granular refractory aggregate, preferably Periclase or an acidic additive. 6. Refractory material according to claim 5, d.eduroh gekenn @ draws that it is shaped.