DE1465028B1 - Electric resistance heating element - Google Patents

Electric resistance heating element

Info

Publication number
DE1465028B1
DE1465028B1 DE1963G0039206 DEG0039206A DE1465028B1 DE 1465028 B1 DE1465028 B1 DE 1465028B1 DE 1963G0039206 DE1963G0039206 DE 1963G0039206 DE G0039206 A DEG0039206 A DE G0039206A DE 1465028 B1 DE1465028 B1 DE 1465028B1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
oxide
magnesium oxide
resistance heating
lithium
magnesium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE1963G0039206
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Stephan Paul Mitoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of DE1465028B1 publication Critical patent/DE1465028B1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)

Claims (1)

1 21 2 Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Widerstands- In F i g. 1 ist ein Widerstandsheizelement 10 darheizelement, bestehend aus einem Widerstandsheiz- gestellt, das einen Widerstandsheizleiter 11 enthält, leiter, der von aus Magnesiumoxyd bestehendem der normalerweise schraubenförmig gewickelt ist und Isolationsmaterial umgeben ist, das wieder von einem aus einer Legierung mit hohem spezifischem Wider-Schutzmantel umschlossen ist. 5 stand besteht. Beispielsweise sind Legierungen ge-The invention relates to an electrical resistance device. 1 is a resistance heating element 10 darheizelement, consisting of a resistance heater which contains a resistance heating conductor 11, conductor wound from magnesia which is usually helical and Insulation material is surrounded, which in turn is made of an alloy with a high specific resistance protective jacket is enclosed. 5 stand exists. For example, alloys are Elektrische Widerstandsheizelemente der vorge- eignet, die 15 bis 16% Chrom, 59 bis 62% Nickel,Electrical resistance heating elements of the pre-suitable, which contain 15 to 16% chromium, 59 to 62% nickel, nannten Art sind bekannt. Der Widerstandsheizleiter 24% Eisen und 0,1% Kohlenstoff enthalten,named species are known. The resistance heating conductor contains 24% iron and 0.1% carbon, hat gewöhnlich die Form eines gewundenen Wider- Der Widerstandsheizleiter 11 ist in Magnesium-usually has the shape of a coiled resistor- The resistance heating conductor 11 is made of magnesium standsheizdrahtes, der aus einer Legierung aus bei- oxydpulverl2 eingebettet, das Lithiumoxyd in eineistanding heating wire, which is made of an alloy of oxide powder2, the lithium oxide in one spielsweise 15 bis 16% Chrom, 59 bis 62% Nickel, io Menge bis zur Löslichkeitsgrenze von ungefähifor example 15 to 16% chromium, 59 to 62% nickel, io amount up to the solubility limit of approx 24% Eisen und 0,1% Kohlenstoff besteht. Der 0,010 Molprozent enthält und das um den Leiter 1124% iron and 0.1% carbon. That contains 0.010 mole percent and that around conductor 11 äußere Schutzmantel besteht normalerweise aus gepreßt ist, was normalerweise durch GesenkpressenThe outer protective sheath is usually made from what is pressed, usually by die pressing einem Metall, bei dem es sich je nach Verwendungs- und manchmal auch durch Walzen erfolgen kann,a metal that can be made depending on the use and sometimes by rolling, zweck um Blei oder um eine hochtemperaturfeste Das Magnesiumoxyd besitzt normalerweise einenpurpose around lead or around a high temperature resistant magnesium oxide usually has a Legierung handeln kann. 15 ziemlich niedrigen Gehalt an Verunreinigungen undAlloy can act. 15 fairly low levels of impurities and Es ist weiterhin bereits bekannt (deutsche Patent- enthält nur einige Zehntel Promill Verunreinigungen, schrift 961737), den Heizleiter eines elektrischen beispielsweise Kalzium, Aluminium, Silizium und Widerstandsheizelementes in eine Masse einzubetten, Eisen. Durch einen äußeren Schutzmantel 13 wird die aus MgO, Al2O3 und SiO2 zusammengesetzt und der Heizleiter 11 und die Isolierung 12 vor Bruch gebrannt oder auch ungebrannt angewendet wird, ao geschützt. Der Schutzmantel 13 besteht aus einem Zur Verbesserung der Plastizität können diese Ein- Metall, das bei der Betriebstemperatur des Heizbettmassen mit geeigneten Bindemitteln, beispiels- elementes eine genügend hohe Wärmebeständigkeit weise mit Ton oder Kaolin, unter Wasserzusatz ver- besitzt. Für niedere Betriebstemperaturen kann beimischt und dann in den Schutzmantel eingebracht spielsweise Blei verwendet werden, während für werden. Nach Austrocknen der Einbettmasse ist das 25 höhere Betriebstemperaturen hochtemperaturbestän-Widerstandsheizelement betriebsbereit. dige Legierungen verwendet werden können, bei-It is also already known (German patent contains only a few tenths of a part per thousand impurities, writing 961737) to embed the heating conductor of an electrical, for example, calcium, aluminum, silicon and resistance heating element in a mass, iron. An outer protective jacket 13, which is composed of MgO, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , and the heating conductor 11 and the insulation 12 are burned or used unburned from breakage, ao protected. The protective jacket 13 consists of a single metal which, at the operating temperature of the heating bed material with suitable binders, such as clay or kaolin, has a sufficiently high heat resistance, with the addition of water, to improve the plasticity. For lower operating temperatures, lead can be mixed in and then introduced into the protective jacket, while for example lead can be used. After the investment has dried out, the 25 higher operating temperatures high-temperature-resistant resistance heating element is ready for use. various alloys can be used, Die Lebensdauer von elektrischen Widerstands- spielsweise eine geschmiedete Nickel-Chrom-Eisenheizelementen, deren Isolationsmaterial aus Magne- Legierung, die 79,5% Nickel, 13% Chrom, 6,5% siumoxyd besteht, wird dadurch begrenzt, daß die Eisen, 0,25% Mangan, 0,25% Silizium, 0,8% Isolierfähigkeit des zwischen dem Widerstandsheiz- 30 Kohlenstoff und 0,20 % Kupfer enthält,
draht und dem metallischen Schutzmantel befind- Zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von Lithiumzusätzen liehen Magnesiumoxyds mit zunehmender Betriebs- wurden Magnesiumoxydkristalle, denen ungefähi dauer allmählich geringer wird. Die Verringerung der 1 Gewichtsprozent Lithiumkarbonat zugesetzt wor-Isolierfähigkeit des Magnesiumoxyds ist darauf zu- den war, zwischen Kohlelichtbögen geschmolzen, rückzuführen, daß auf Grund der zwischen dem 35 Die gebildeten Kristalle wurden einer Analyse unter-Schutzmantel und dem Heizdraht herrschenden worfen, und es stellte sich heraus, daß sie ungefähi Spannung im Magnesiumoxyd lonenleitung auftritt, 0,010 Molprozent Lithiumoxyd enthielten. Der reladie schließlich ein Versagen des Widerstandsheiz- tive Anteil der Ionenleitfähigkeit betrug 0,5 bei elementes zur Folge hat. 10000C. Zum Vergleich wurden Magnesiumoxyd-
The lifespan of electrical resistance - for example a forged nickel-chromium-iron heating element, the insulation material of which is made of a magne alloy, which consists of 79.5% nickel, 13% chromium, 6.5% silicon oxide, is limited by the fact that the iron, 0, 25% manganese, 0.25% silicon, 0.8% insulating capacity of the between the resistance heater contains 30 carbon and 0.20% copper,
In order to test the effectiveness of lithium additives, magnesium oxide lent with increasing operating- were magnesium oxide crystals, which gradually become less and less. The reduction in the 1 percent by weight of lithium carbonate added was due to the fact that it was melted between carbon arcs, due to the fact that the crystals formed were analyzed under the protective cover and the heating wire, and it was found found that there is approximately a voltage in the magnesia ionic conduction, containing 0.010 mole percent lithium oxide. The reladie ultimately a failure of the resistance heating tive portion of the ion conductivity was 0.5 in the case of the element. 1000 0 C. For comparison, magnesium oxide
Bei der Herstellung von feuerfestem Material aus 40 proben ohne Lithiumoxydzusatz bei 1000° C geprüftTested during the manufacture of refractory material from 40 samples without the addition of lithium oxide at 1000 ° C Magnesiumoxyd durch Sintern ist es bekannt (USA.- und bei diesen Vergleichsproben betrug der relativeMagnesium oxide from sintering is known (USA. - and in these comparison samples the relative Patent 2 957 752), dem Magnesiumoxyd geringe Anteil der Ionenleitfähigkeit 0,9.Patent 2,957,752), magnesium oxide has a low ionic conductivity 0.9. Mengen Lithiumsalze zuzusetzen, um die Dichte des In F i g. 2 zeigt die Kurve 15 die IonenleitfähigkeilAdd quantities of lithium salts to increase the density of the In Fig. 2, curve 15 shows the ionic conductivity wedge Sinterprodukts zu erhöhen. Es ist auch bekannt einer Magnesiumoxydprobe, die 0,010 MolprozentIncrease sintered product. A sample of magnesia is also known to be 0.010 mole percent (Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1958, 45 gelöstes Lithiumoxyd enthält. Kurve 16 zeigt den(Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1958, 45 containing dissolved lithium oxide. Curve 16 shows the S. 406 bis 409), daß Lithiumoxyd den Sintervorgang Anteil der Ionenleitfähigkeit einer Magnesiumoxyd-P. 406 to 409) that lithium oxide is the sintering process part of the ion conductivity of a magnesium oxide von Magnesiumoxyd fördert und die Dichte des probe ohne Lithiumoxydzusatz. Bei Vergleich deiof magnesium oxide promotes and the density of the sample without the addition of lithium oxide. When comparing dei Magnesiumoxydes erhöht. Kurven 16 und 15 ersieht man, daß die Ionenleit-Magnesia increased. Curves 16 and 15 show that the ionic conductivity Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die fähigkeit des Lithiumoxyd enthaltenden Magnesium-'The invention is based on the object of the ability of the lithium oxide containing magnesium ' Lebensdauer eines elektrischen Widerstandsheizele- 50 oxyds geringer ist. Dies wirkt sich besonders beiThe service life of an electrical resistance heating element is 50 less. This particularly affects mentes der eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern. 1000° C aus, für die die meisten im Handel befind-to improve mentes of the type mentioned above. 1000 ° C, for which most of the Diese Aufgabe wird nun erfindungsgemäß dadurch liehen Heizelemente ausgelegt sind. Betrachtet manAccording to the invention, this object is now designed as a result of the heating elements borrowed. If you look at gelöst, daß das Magnesiumoxyd ungefähr 0,010 Mol- die Leitfähigkeit der die Kurven 15 und 16 in Fi g. 2solved that the magnesium oxide about 0.010 mol - the conductivity of the curves 15 and 16 in Fi g. 2 prozent Lithiumoxyd enthält. ergebenden Proben in Abhängigkeit vom reziprokenpercent lithium oxide contains. resulting samples depending on the reciprocal Durch den Zusatz von Lithiumoxyd kann nicht 55 Wert der Temperatur, dann ergeben sich die inThe addition of lithium oxide cannot value the temperature, then the in nur die Lebensdauer verbessert, sondern auch die F i g. 3 dargestellten Kurven. Die Kurve 20 beziehtonly improves the service life, but also the F i g. 3 curves shown. The curve 20 relates maximale Betriebstemperatur des Widerstandsheiz- sich auf Lithiumoxyd enthaltendes Magnesiumoxyd,maximum operating temperature of resistance heating - magnesium oxide containing lithium oxide, elementes gesteigert werden. In den Zeichnungen zeigt während sich die Kurve 21 auf normales Magnesium-element can be increased. In the drawings, while curve 21 shows normal magnesium F i g. 1 im vergrößerten Maßstab teilweise im oxyd bezieht. Man sieht, daß bei den Temperaturen.F i g. 1 on a larger scale partly in oxide. You can see that at the temperatures. Schnitt ein Widerstandsheizelement, 60 bei welchen der lonenleitfähigkeitsanteil am größtenSection through a resistance heating element, 60 in which the ionic conductivity component is greatest F i g. 2 eine graphische Darstellung der Ionenleit- ist, das mit Lithiumoxyd versetzte MagnesiumoxydF i g. Figure 2 is a graph of the ionic conductivity, the lithium oxide mixed with magnesium oxide fähigkeit von Magnesiumoxyd und von mit Lithium- eine niedrigere Leitfähigkeit hat als normalesability of magnesia and lithium has a lower conductivity than normal oxyd versetztem Magnesiumoxyd in Abhängigkeit Magnesiumoxyd,
von der Temperatur und
oxide added magnesium oxide depending on magnesium oxide,
on the temperature and
F i g. 3 eine graphische Darstellung der Leitfähig- 65 Patentanspruch:
keit von mit Lithiumoxyd versetztem Magnesiumoxyd und von Magnesiumoxyd allein in Abhängigkeit Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement, bestehend von der Temperatur. aus einem Widerstandsheizleiter, der von aus
F i g. 3 a graphical representation of the conductive properties:
ability of magnesium oxide mixed with lithium oxide and of magnesium oxide only depending on the electrical resistance heating element, consisting of the temperature. from a resistance heating conductor that from
Magnesiumoxyd bestehendem Isolationsmaterial umgeben ist, das wieder von einem Schutzmantel umschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnesiumoxyd ungefähr 0,010 Molprozent Lithiumoxyd enthält.Magnesium oxide is surrounded by an existing insulation material, which is again covered by a protective sheath is enclosed, characterized in that the magnesium oxide is approximately 0.010 Contains mole percent lithium oxide. Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
DE1963G0039206 1962-11-30 1963-11-20 Electric resistance heating element Pending DE1465028B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US241378A US3201738A (en) 1962-11-30 1962-11-30 Electrical heating element and insulation therefor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1465028B1 true DE1465028B1 (en) 1970-08-20

Family

ID=22910477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1963G0039206 Pending DE1465028B1 (en) 1962-11-30 1963-11-20 Electric resistance heating element

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3201738A (en)
JP (2) JPS4317150B1 (en)
DE (1) DE1465028B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1059527A (en)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE327767B (en) * 1964-02-07 1970-08-31 Kanthal Ab
US3477058A (en) * 1968-02-01 1969-11-04 Gen Electric Magnesia insulated heating elements and methods of production
US3583919A (en) * 1968-02-01 1971-06-08 Gen Electric Electrical insulating refractory composition of fused magnesium oxide and silica or alkali metal silicates
DE2525441C3 (en) * 1975-06-07 1981-04-16 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Electrically insulating filling for an electric tubular heater
JPS5227598A (en) * 1975-08-28 1977-03-01 Hitachi Heating Appliance Co Ltd Carged material for a heating unit
JPS52158576U (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-12-01
US4234786A (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-11-18 General Electric Company Magnesia insulated heating elements and method of making the same
WO1982004172A1 (en) * 1981-05-19 1982-11-25 Naruo Noboru A shielded heating element
US4473654A (en) * 1983-08-18 1984-09-25 The J. E. Baker Company Low temperature bonding of refractory aggregates and refractory products of improved cold strength
JPH01174302U (en) * 1988-05-28 1989-12-12
US5835679A (en) 1994-12-29 1998-11-10 Energy Converters, Inc. Polymeric immersion heating element with skeletal support and optional heat transfer fins
US6263158B1 (en) 1999-05-11 2001-07-17 Watlow Polymer Technologies Fibrous supported polymer encapsulated electrical component
US6188051B1 (en) 1999-06-01 2001-02-13 Watlow Polymer Technologies Method of manufacturing a sheathed electrical heater assembly
US6392208B1 (en) 1999-08-06 2002-05-21 Watlow Polymer Technologies Electrofusing of thermoplastic heating elements and elements made thereby
US6392206B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-05-21 Waltow Polymer Technologies Modular heat exchanger
US6433317B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-08-13 Watlow Polymer Technologies Molded assembly with heating element captured therein
US6519835B1 (en) 2000-08-18 2003-02-18 Watlow Polymer Technologies Method of formable thermoplastic laminate heated element assembly
US6539171B2 (en) 2001-01-08 2003-03-25 Watlow Polymer Technologies Flexible spirally shaped heating element
US20050098684A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2005-05-12 Watlow Polymer Technologies Polymer-encapsulated heating elements for controlling the temperature of an aircraft compartment
CA2765417C (en) * 2004-02-05 2016-12-20 Worldbest Corporation Radiator apparatus

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE961737C (en) * 1943-07-08 1957-04-11 Siemens Ag Powdery or grainy, electrically insulating heat material for embedding electrical heating conductors
US2957752A (en) * 1960-10-25 Process for increasing the density of

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2823134A (en) * 1955-02-18 1958-02-11 Armour Res Found Densifying magnesia
US2864713A (en) * 1955-09-09 1958-12-16 Gen Electric Co Ltd Ceramic dielectric compositions
US3061752A (en) * 1958-07-28 1962-10-30 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Television camera tubes
US2987689A (en) * 1959-11-10 1961-06-06 Thomas H Lennox Resistance heating device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2957752A (en) * 1960-10-25 Process for increasing the density of
DE961737C (en) * 1943-07-08 1957-04-11 Siemens Ag Powdery or grainy, electrically insulating heat material for embedding electrical heating conductors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3201738A (en) 1965-08-17
GB1059527A (en) 1967-02-22
JPS4817150B1 (en) 1973-05-26
JPS4317150B1 (en) 1968-07-19

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
E77 Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977