DE1451682A1 - Device for controlling free-flight piston engines - Google Patents

Description

SOCIJiD AITOlTYiD AKDHB CITBOEH

Device for regulating free-flight piston engines

Priority: France, from 25 November 1964

The invention relates to the control devices for Preiflug piston engines, the pistons of which are fixed to a ordinary piston or plunger of a generatora (or a pump) is connected, -which to form a hydraulic transmission in a closed flow circuit with at least one working machine (or a hydraulic motor) is connected, wherein Facilities are provided uelohe those of the engine

CD.

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Reduce the amount of fuel supplied when the dead center of the free-flight piston tries to exceed a limit position.

The aim of the invention is to design devices of this type in such a way that they have a practically constant value Determine the stroke of the free-flight piston by determining the amount of fuel taking into account all operating parameters, in particular the number of double strokes in the unit of time, the load on the motor and, if applicable, the delivery pressure of the generator precisely adjusted.

For this you can According to the invention by the driver press the part that regulates the work machine power delivered New York Convention, the zugöführte the motor fuel quantity by executions rules responsive to the difference between the theoretical stroke of the free flight piston and the real stroke, which he _s when when removed from the machine performance is more or less large than the -cte? eii previously eggs motor supplied amount of fuel supplied power.

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The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

Pig. 1 shows schematically, partly in side view and partly in axial section, a power plant according to the invention with hydraulic transmission.

]? ig. 2 shows the control device of the free-flight piston engine the pig. 1 on a larger scale.

3? Ig. 3 shows a variant embodiment of a detail of the FIG. 1 .

The example shown concerns a

Power plant with a free-flight piston motor and a hydraulic one Transmission for motor vehicle eyes.

The system contains an internal combustion engine A and a hydraulic generator (or a pump), which ^ preferably comprises two opposing units, each of which by a cylinder 1 and a Plunger (or rod) 2 is formed, each Unit has a suction valve 3 and a pressure valve 4, and the generator by the Ilotor A in the explained below Powered way.

A work machine B (or a hydraulic motor) is fed by the generator, with its delivery side it is connected by lines 5, while the suction side of the generator with the outside of the working machine

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ne B is connected by lines 6, vote! the work machine Bralt is coupled to the drive wheels, not shown, of the vehicle.

Two chambers for damping the pulsations C and D are assigned to each cylinder 1 and in front of the suction valve 3 or connected behind the pressure valve 4.

A branch cam E is attached to each cylinder 1

connected between valves J5 and 4 to a variable Absorb a fraction of the liquid squeezed out of the cylinder during each work cycle and so on a change in the transfer ratio between the Motor A and machine B to be determined.

The three chambers C, D and E can be arranged in a star shape around the geometric axis of each cylinder 1 are arranged, preferably in the same transverse plane of the cylinder. The cuts in the upper part 1 go through the same axial plane and therefore show the two chambers D on the right and the left Side, while the cuts in the lower part go through two planes symmetrical with respect to this axial plane, which together form an angle of 120 ° and therefore show a chamber E on the left and a chamber C on the right »

You can have a double-acting internal combustion engine and a single free-flight piston 7, v / elcher in one

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Cylinder 8 with double cylinder head 9 works, use. This piston 7 carries one of the rods 2 on each Enee, and the cylinders 1 are formed in blocks 10 rigidly connected to the cylinder heads 9, wherein the through the Cylinder 8, the cylinder heads 9 and the blocks 10 can be arranged so that they are free in their Axis can swing in the opposite direction to the arrangement formed by the piston 7 and the rods 2. The feed and Discharge lines of the engine are denoted by 11 and 12, respectively, and the corresponding openings are grounded through the piston 7 controlled.

The junction chamber E is closed by a bell * 40 and formed a movable or deformable part, which divides the inside of the bell into two compartments 4-1 and 42 divides, of which the compartment 41 is connected to the corresponding cylinder 1 between the two valves 3 and 4 is, while the department 42 at the end of each suction stroke of the plunger 2 with a pressurized gas source M associated with variable pressure. The movable or deformable part can be through a membrane made of rubber (or some other elastomer) 43, which has the shape of a glove finger β hair, in which

_a and a rigid perforated bore 44 is inserted, / which carries a valve 45 on the bottom. This valve is involved

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a seat 46, which is at the bottom of the bell 40 attached and between the compartment 42 and the pressurized gas source Ii is arranged. At the free end of drilling 44 an ogival body 47 is attached to which Bottom a piston 48 is provided, which under the action of a spring 49 the bottom of the membrane 43 in the The sense of closing the seat 46 by the valve 45 seeks to push back, whereby the valve is closed, as soon as the oil pressure in compartment 41 is equal to the gas pressure in compartment 42.

This is done with every work cycle

the first fraction of that displaced by a plunger 2 Liquid supplied to the first compartment 41, whereby the Membrane 43 is deformed and the gas is compressed, which is then trapped by the valve 45 in the second compartment 42 until the pressures on both sides of the Pressure valve 4 keep the equilibrium, and only then is the second fraction of the liquid through this valve promoted. The power delivered to work machine B. and the transfer ratio depend on the mutual Depreciate these fractions and thus from the gas pressure of the compressed gas source H. At the next suction stroke the energy stored in the compartment 42 by the compression of the gas is returned to the

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Plunger 2 delivered.

The device for supplying the Iiotor A with liquid fuel can be placed on either side of the piston 7 inside a tubular probe 14 fixed with respect to cylinder 8 and cylinder head 9, a measuring element 15 with a rod 15a and two heads 15b. and 15c. exhibit, which have limited movement in close contact with the inner surface of the probe or with one in one Aligned surface can run in a cap 16 attached to the block 10, the cylinder 8 closest head 15Jb has a cross-section S, which larger ale the cross-section of the other head 15c. is and on its surface facing away from this other head that prevailing in the combustion chamber 34 of the cylinder 8 Is exposed to pressure »

In the existing between the probe 14 and the rod 15a of the measuring member 15, through the heads 15.b and 15.c the same limited inlet space 17 opens into a line 18 for the supply of pressurized fuel via a Check valve 19.

The probe 14 is arranged inside the rod 2, which is tubular for this purpose and in the height of the top dead center of the piston 7 at least one Opening or better staggered openings 21 and 22 opens,

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which are formed in the soiré 14 and thus the entrance room 17 connect with a combustion chamber 34.

A bushing 26 is expediently provided on the inner wall of the tubular plunger 2, which is fastened by means of a nut 20 and inwardly in front of the openings 21 and 22 in the top dead center corresponding position ends (Pig. 2, right side). Facilities are provided to enable the (non-sliding) Contact surfaces zx ^ ischen the inner wall of the rod 2 and the outer wall of the socket 26 and the (sliding) contact surfaces zv / ischen the inner wall of the socket 26 and the outer wall of the probe 14 and thus seal the flow circuits for the fuel or the transmission fluid from each other.

In order to limit the stroke of the measuring element 15 with respect to the fixed probe 14, at the end of the large Head 15b, a collar 27 projecting on the outside of the section of the probe 14 facing the cylinder 8 and on the End of the little head 15 pounds one with a fixed but adjustable Stop cooperating perforated disk 28 or a corresponding projection is provided.

So that the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber 34 of the cylinder 8 is transferred to the large head 15Jd can be, at least one opening 31 in the zone

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the fastening of the tubular rod 2 on the piston 7 has been provided, which lies in an axial plane and can be arranged somewhat obliquely, as in Pig. 2 shown, to open tangentially to the dome de3 piston 7.

Also useful in the wall is the tubular rod 2 has at least one injection port 32 provided in such a place that they meet the openings 21 and 22 in the vicinity of the top dead center of the piston 7 opposite, Di ^ opening 52 can directly into the Open combustion chamber, or worse, as shown, in a annular swirl chamber 33 which is provided in the cylinder head 9 around the rod 2. At the end of 15d_ of the Measuring element 15 can press a weak spring when the pressure of the fuel arriving through line 18 decreases shall be.

When the pressure in the chamber 34 has fallen, the pressure in the line 18 increases, possibly in the association With the action of this spring, the valve 19 and moves the measuring element 15 in the direction of the piston 7 until the perforated disc 28 is stopped by the stop. As a result, a fuel volume is admitted into the hanging space 17, which is proportional to the stroke 3. "of the measuring element 15, which is set in the manner described below will.

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In the compression end in the cylinder 8, the pressure in the combustion chamber 34 is applied through the openings 31 to the collar 2? of the large head 15t) of the measuring element 15. As soon as the movement of the piston 7 and the rod 2 results in the end of the bevel of the bushing exposing the opening 21, the measuring element 15, which was locked by the fuel column enclosed in the annular space 17, is released and to the right as a result of this pressure driven.

Part of this fuel volume is injected. The injected, through the air flow into the Port 31 and 32 entrained fuel mixes with air in the vortex chamber 33 »where he either you. * ch a Ignition system or, if the degree of compression is high enough, is ignited by spontaneous ignition.

When the opening 22 is subsequently exposed (near top dead center, FIG. 2, right-hand side), the remaining fuel volume is injected, and at this moment the combustion in the chamber 33 reverses the flow rate in the openings 32 and 31 and avoids the injection of an ignited fuel mixture into the combustion chamber 34 in whichever it finds the air necessary to complete combustion.

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! H vJ I KJ \ J L.

According to the invention, you can now let the driver sur Change in the power delivered does not affect the amount of fuel act, but lets the driver actuate the part that determines the power delivered to work machine B. regulates, and allows the amount of fuel supplied to the engine to be regulated by devices that respond to the difference between the theoretical stroke of the free-flight piston 7 and the address the real stroke which the piston has when the power taken from the driven machine is more or less is greater than the power delivered by the amount of fuel previously fed to the engine.

In the embodiment shown, the power delivered to the work machine B can be achieved by means of the pressure the compressed gas source K can be regulated, and in Pig. 1 is shown schematically the part, which this performance regulates by a pedal 50, which can set this pressure and e.g. controls a distributor, which one the Compressed gas source II essentially forming the reservoir either with the front of a compressor or with the Outside air connects.

For the formation of the difference between "

the theoretical stroke of the free flight piston 7 and its actual stroke ωά speaking devices can of the 3? reiflugkolben 7 inevitably a rod are driven, which interacts with a chamber which is filled with a liquid filled iat and in. a blind bore 51 runs out, C .D.

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which is in alignment with the pole, and theirs Diameter is the same as that of the rod except for a small amount of play. The plane P of the beginning of this bore 51 has a

in
such a position that the rod / hole only enters when.

the piston 7 seeks to exceed the end of its theoretical stroke, i.e. the plane P. Finally, through Devices that may be generated in the blind hole by the penetration of the rod at the end of the stroke respond to overpressure, a part is actuated, which the Combustion chamber 34 is reduced amount of fuel supplied with the next stroke of the free-flight piston 7.

As shown "in Pig. 1 and 2, this rod is expediently formed by the hollow rod 2, which Also, as explained above, as a plunger for the hydraulic generator as well as an injection manifold. In this pail, the blind bore follows cylinder 1 of the generator.

Furthermore, the part for reducing the amount of fuel is preferably formed by the stop, which cooperates with the perforated disk 28 to limit the stroke 1 and thus the dose sucked into the inlet chamber 17, the overpressure in the bore 51 on the right Side responsive devices interact with the stop of the perforated disc on the left side, and vice versa.

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For this purpose, a cylinder 52 can be provided in each cap 16, which is split into two by a piston 53 Chambers 54 and 55 is divided. Chamber 5? is with the bore 51 is connected by a channel 56 and the chamber 55 is connected to the cylinder 1 by a channel 57.

In order to retract the piston 53 after the overpressure in the bore 51 has ceased, as shown in FIG. 2 shown, a differential piston with a single piston rod 58 passing through chamber 54 may be used, so that when the same pressure is established in the two chambers 54 and 55, the piston in the smallest volume the Kaamer 54 is returned corresponding position. The channel 57 is then provided with a check valve 59 and can be doubled by a channel 60 of small cross section. When in Fi / ;. 3 shown · Execution A flask is used, which is replaced by a double piston rod 50, 58_e is balanced and provided with a return spring 61.

The stop that interacts with the perforated disk 28 can be formed by a fork 62 which is firmly connected to a lever 63 which is pivotable on an axis 64 fixed in relation to the cap 16 and is connected to the rod 58 of the piston 53 by a link 65 which engages a lever 66 which pivotable about an axis 67 and pre-tied to the rod 58

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is. In order to distinguish the symmetrical elements belonging to the stop of the right and left perforated disk 28, is its reference number in Pig. 2 the letter a or t> added.

The above Hegel device works as follows;

If the stroke of the piston 7 is too great, e.g. towards the right-hand side of FIGS. 1 and 2, the right-hand side occurs Rod 2 into the bore 51 and presses a certain amount of liquid into the chamber 54. The piston 53 leads one of the enlargement of the volume of this chamber corresponds

its corresponding movement. The lever 66b and consequently / the lever 63'b rotate in the counterclockwise direction, which has the consequence of reducing the stroke X and thus of the fuel supply. If, on the other hand, the stroke of the piston to the right-hand side of FIGS. 1 and 2 is too small, the differential effect of the same pressure in the chambers 54 and 55 (FIG. 2) or the spring 61 (FIG. 3) moves the piston 53 in the opposite sense and causes the increase in stroke 1 and the fuel supply. The right control device controls the fuel supplied on the left, and vice versa.

It should be noted that the regulating effect occurs instantaneously, since the effect directly on the too large

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or too small stroke of the piston 7 following injection is corrected immediately. It is sufficient to select the Durohmesser of the piston 53 and the ratios of the levers 63 and 66 so that a too large (for example, the _"r 1 mm) or small stroke of the piston 7 corresponds exactly to the change of the injection, which of the to It should also be noted that the above control device is effective enough to remedy all possible errors, since it is responsive to the effect and not to the urea. It would therefore be possible to shut off the fuel supply through a simple needle valve regulate which is arranged between a fuel source under sufficient pressure and the combustion chamber 34. Finally, it should be noted that the device ensures the perfect equality of the right and left strokes of the double-acting piston without any prior adjustment, the diameters and the leaks of the injector have no effect on the accuracy of the compensation.

If, finally, the effect on the amount of fuel is insufficient to possibly reduce the stroke of the piston 7 To limit, a mechanism, not shown, can be actuated by the piston 53, which is independent of the the position given to the pedal 50, the pressure of the compressed gas source

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M, i.e. the pressure in chamber 42, so decreased that the moment is decreasing. Such a mechanism would Prevent the engine from stalling.

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Claims (4)

- 17 claims 1.) Control device for 3-cylinder piston engines, whose piston is firmly connected to an ordinary piston or a plunger of a generator (or a pump) is, v / elcher to form a hydraulic transmission connected in a closed flow ice with at least one working machine (or a hydraulic motor) is, wherein means are provided which reduce the amount of fuel supplied to the liotor when the dead center of the free-flight piston seeks to exceed a limit position, characterized in that that of the working machine (B) The part that regulates the power supplied is actuated by the driver and that the motor supplied The amount of fuel is regulated by devices, which are based on the difference between the theoretical stroke of the Ireiflugkolbens (7) and respond to the actual stroke which the piston has when it is abgenoramene from the working machine (B) Performance more. Or less than that by the The amount of fuel previously fed to the engine is the power delivered 2.) Control device according to Anspruoh 1 with a junction chamber assigned to the generator of the hydraulic transmission for receiving a variable part 9Q9639 / 0354 H51682 the liquid expelled from the cylinder of the generator during each work cycle to determine a change in the transmission ratio between the engine and the machine, v / whether this branch chamber contains a movable or deformable part which separates two compartments, one of which is connected to the cylinder while the other is connected to a variable pressure source of pressurized gas at the end of each induction stroke of the generator, characterized by means (50) allowing the driver to use the. Pressure. Of the compressed gas source (M) to regulate the change in the power supplied. 3.) Hegel before device according to claim 1 for engines whose fuel by the sliding movement of a Differential rod is metered, characterized in that based on the difference between the theoretical Stroke of the free-flight piston (7) and its real stroke appealing Devices regulate the amplitude of the stroke of this differential rod (15). 4.) Control device according to claim 1 for double-acting internal combustion engines with a single free-flight piston working in a cylinder with a double cylinder head, characterized in that the CD on the difference between the theoretical stroke of the free-flight piston. 909839/0354 and its real hub in an appealing sense Devices regulate the amount of fuel given to the cylinder during the next stroke of the piston in the other Meaning is added, and vice versa. CD. 909839/0354