DE1442685A1 - Countercurrent process for carrying out physical and / or chemical treatment of substances and mixtures as well as device for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Description

Countercurrent process for performing physical and / or chemical processes Treatment of substances and mixtures, as well as a device for carrying out the process.

The priority of the Swiss patent application no. 10 895/62 of September 17, 1962 is claimed.

When carrying out physical or chemical substance treatments, e.g. for opening up and / or for carrying out chemical reactions man different procedures. which of the form and composition or the working method of the devices in which the respective process is carried out is dependent, so z. B. open containers with or without a stirrer. Autoclaves, columns, rotary reactors, thin-film reactors operating in cocurrent or countercurrent flow Etc.

For many physical or chemical operations, e.g. B. for extractions or reactions between systems of the aggregate states gas / gas, gas / liquid, liquid / Liquid and / or feet with one or more of the aforementioned are used to generate them perfect reaction processes and sufficient quantitative performance always still very grf on plants. Ser dimensions, mainly from columns exist in which the contact reactions occur after the greatest possible expansion the contact surfaces, e.g. play over profiled bottoms, bells or fillers. As a result of the constant expansion of the required quantities, such Investments are becoming larger and more expensive, with hardly any significant growth the specific performance of these systems feetsuatellen vint.

On the other hand, there is a certain minimum volume of the Reaction rooms, e.g. in columns, for processing the relevant Processes require- oorlloh, htt blé bouts the reaction column or the reaction tower to be regarded as an essential component of modern reaction systems.

By introducing a standing or lying reaction gaffa with inner Mixing organs, through which the slow action of the packing in trickle or countercurrent columns orestat and the reaction times considerably shortened xnrdn, has become a partial Transformation and thus a variation of the raaction process for sahlraiohe prozaaaa initiated. Hiersu gshbron s BL the thin-film process and the kinematic high-frequency process, where in latztaran the kinamatiach orsoulte Ultraaohall 1 may also be used will.

In aer Sohveiser patent pamphlet No. 336 249 and in the USA patent pamphlet No. 2 882 149 xlnd already the Durohrune of physical and chemical reactions using kinematic high frequency and sound or ultrasonic effects hdescribed, the inert or raaktivan components in cocurrent through the Zones lying under the action of the anticipated effects are guided will, and a high acceleration and improvement of the reaction processes occurs.

Starting from this working technique, the present invention relates a combined working method in which at least two different Phases are optionally treated in countercurrent. Bel be this treatment the various substances the following process steps, at least of method steps 2.) and 3.), subject according to the invention the result the process step exceptionally fast, in some processes @@ timely or almost simultaneously. However, this simultaneity is only apparent present, because by stretching the organs, the individual physical Pull apart effects according to known methods and prove them.

The individual process steps are: 1.)) Separate introduction the substances to be treated in the reaction chamber.

2.)) Bringing into contact the substances to be treated in the reaction room due to genatromic purpose and intensity.

3.) Management of the heterogeneous mixture of substances brought together in countercurrent by a kinemetically generated vibrating gazone (Sohall field) and division don Substance mixtures up to fine, if necessary reactive particles, bubbles, Fibers or molecular structures due to high-frequency decomposition, collision, pressure surges and vibrations, if necessary at the ultrasonic frequency.

4.) If necessary, heating of the particles produced in step 3.) By using pressure, shock and vibration energy in Parme, control of the effect duroh regulation of the dwell time of the stoffee in the impact zone and through regulation the frequencies and amplitude.

5.) Separate collection of parts released in step 4.) or phases. such as steams, Gazon solvents, extracts, reaction products etc.

6.) If necessary, homogenization of the product remaining in the reaction chamber generated and effective by high-frequency, if necessary with ultrasonic frequencies Impact and vibrations, and if desired, Introduction arneuter chemical reaction of the reactive particles of the product.

7.) If necessary, subsequent reaction (maturation).

8.) If necessary, separate separation and removal of ante or reaction products.

9.) Removal of the residue (stock) or reaction end product M sus the reaction space.

10.) Recycle (or Razyclkierung) separated in step 5.) proportionally, e.g.

Solvent.

During each process step or between little atone two procedural failures, possibly also over the extension of two successive ones Procedural steps, in addition, may have a promotion or intensification of the Separation of a Fhaae, optionally also successively several different types Phases from the medium being treated take place. Such a separation or conveyance of such can, for example, be very advantageous by centrifugation of Medium of a peripheral layer expediently increases in thickness by circumference take place along the wall of the reaction space so that the separating higher proportions or such a phase due to the surrounding area of the reaction at the appropriate place wwrda. The discharge takes place through Control devices that can be fixed or adjustable and manual or automatic beient wwrdwn karma. Such control devices for the discharge beewer atoll or Phases e.g. cross-section regulating valves, orifices, pressure relief valves or equivalent effects Facilities. The control and monitoring devices can also be used continuously periodulch or fluctuation margin measuring devices work together, the individual Process steps 1.) to 10.) are asoh Bodarf depending on the structure the fabric phases to be treated and the end product to be achieved and brought to application. If required, only one, two or Snoh very Phseen ale usable products can be generated, such as those described below Implementation examples show which at the same time for the technically trained process engineer as the basis for all using the inventive working method physical resp. chemical fabric treatments are used. The given work examples are more or less characteristic of the large group of physical and / or chemical operations and can lead to aelbatveratRndlioh be modified as required, the principle according to the invention being the opposite Penetration of two different types of materials or paintings in the counter-atmosphere, below Subsequent processing don an formed GeMiachea by pressure surges vibrations and impact, the frequencies of which are notigenfalla in high sound or ultrasonic range lient, takes place in at least one work step.

Process Example 1 One passes into a preferably upright At the top of the reaction space at the end there is a liquid, in this example lime water one, while at the same time one la countercurrent from below and / or side carbonic acid Lime water flowing through the reaction chamber is continuously introduced. the Introduction of the gas into the lime water is advantageous by arrangement appropriately trained guide body in the reaction chamber so steered that the two coarse with each other mixed phases the cross-section of the reaction space at least in a common Fill in the room zone.

Damn tsrd the coarse laughter from Gaa and FlUesigkelt in the said Zone of high-frequency machining due to vibrations generated by kinematics exposed to such a high frequency and intensity that the gas in klak in as possible fine vesicles are broken down and dispersed.

The duration of the reaction between coal acid and Kalkweser is continuous controlled and by adjusting the inlet and / or do aualaaeea each of the determined by both reactants. The intensity of processing the mixture in the reaction asone becomes through sweckentepreohende training and through regulation the intensity of the action of the kinematically generated vibrations. In dos eo Boballfold produced in the reaction zone becomes an extraordinarily uncommon one Reaction is brought about by carbonic acid and lime.

Ee immediately turbidity of the gas / lime water mixture occurs to reduce the formation of highly dispersed CaCO3 particles solder. According to the further addition of carbonic acid and lime water sets the liquid / feate portion of the Reaction mixture finds its way down and then left Jas a way to at the top. The reaction product CaCO3 is in a highly dull and very homogeneous form near the reaction zone discharged from the reaction space. The same thing happens with from the Reaction zone upwardly flowing crude acid excess.

The latter is given back together with free gas on the rich Wag * glided through the reaction chamber and von nouez participated in the reaction.

Beiapiel 2. In sinon Raktionsraum von Untel becomes an aromatiaohea Lubricating oil introduced continuously. Concentrated sulfuric acid is introduced at the same time into the reaction chamber from above. In the reaction room, the two are calibrated 1s countercurrent bogeçonde reaction partners beetehends very heterogeneous mixture through a kinematically generated sound field. Frequency and intensity of the sound field High-frequency vibrations acting on the reaction mixture are depending on Reaction ability and the determined reaction speed of the two reactonspatner set in the Scahll and / or ultrasonic range. Depending on your needs, theeae Show the continuous reaction between H2S04 and the inert tone, spontaneously or latently DH shares brought about.

The speed of the reaction is determined by the leveling and control the continuous supply of the two reactants as well as the? roquent and Intensity of the sound is determined. Corresponding to those introduced into the reaction chamber and phases that meet in countercurrent flow from the reaction below Acid tar and the mineral oil freed from unsaturation is discharged at the top.

Example 3. In a reaction room there is a 10% Belletoffauspenswion from above introduced into water and gaseous chlorine dioxide from below. Which are in countercurrent pervasive. forming a heterogeneous mixture pervaded by coarse casbladders Phases are common at the appropriate place in the reaction room of a high frequency and intense BGescheflung through kinematically induced vibrations. A sudden and rapidly advancing one occurs in the sound field generated in this way pale and pale The frequency and intensity of the acting on the mixture, Kinematically induced vibrations are ruffled in such a way that the cellulose fibers possibly rotated and fibrillated by the sound, but not for the intended use of the fiber, e.g. by shearing and shortening the individual Fibers, is impaired.

As an example, a device according to the invention for How to carry out the procedure: In the accompanying drawing see fig. 1 a reaction housing 1 which encloses the reaction space 2. The redtor housing can by means of the hoist or cooling device 3 with the one located in the reactor housing Reaction mixture be tempered as required. In the tubular-shaped, plastered-out reactor housing 1 a shaft 4 is arranged, which by a driving force 5 via a belt transmission 6 rotatable let. On the shaft 4 there is a kinematic vibration generator from the rotor 7 and the stator 8 attached. This vibration generator corresponds to In structure and in its principle of action that in the Swiss patent specification No.

336 249 becohtlebtnan a work step binding vibration generator. The same vibration generator 9 and 10 are above and below the vibration generator 7, 8 and are also operated by shaft 4. The vibration generator 9 and 10 are provided with fewer organs to generate the desired sound fold than the generator 7.8. the frequency of the oscillators 9 and 10 is therefore much less than that of the vibration generator 7 and 8.

Instead, the purely mechanical effect of the vibration generators 9 and 10 higher than that of the vibration generator provided with a finer pitch do * stator ring 8 7, 8.

In the upper part there are inlet pipes 11 and 12 with regulating valves 11 'and 12' are provided. So there can be two different reactants in the reaction space which should not come into contact before entry into these areas. Also at the top of the reactor is an outlet pipe 13 with a rule til 14 arranged. The outlet pipe serves in the frater line for discharge a lighter phase remaining after the reaction. In the lower part of the reactor ibt a hot or. Cooling coil 15 is provided, the electrical or medium liquid can be operated. Inside the heating or cooling spiral is on the shaft 4 a paddle wheel 16 befeatigt. The same thing causes a turbulent circulation of the lm lower part of the reactor located stoffee or] Stoffgemiaches. The inlet pipe 17 with the control valve 17 'is used to introduce a lighter reaction phase of down into the reactor, while the outlet pipe 18 with the control valve 18 'of the discharge the heavier phase resulting from the reaction is used.

The tube 19 provided laterally on the lower part of the reactor the closure or control valve 19 'can be used for both introduction and discharge of the substance in or outside the reactor.

The measuring device 20 sitting on the top of the reactor can be a pressure knife, be a thermometer or possibly a Pühlvorrichtung, which the of transmits its recorded effect to another device for evaluation.

The through the reactor from top to bottom and ton bottom to top flowing, different phases form coarse mixtures when they meet. As soon as the vibration exciter 9 or 10 is reached, an intense, preferably, occurs mechanical shearing and crashing of the mixture components. This mechanical one Process is already from low to medium frequency pressure surges and vibrations accompanied, whereby the mixture components initially brought into some consideration will.

When they then make their way through the reaction space about halfway up the river, they all flow through each other here from that with high frequency acting vibration generator 7.8 sonicated, creating a highly inaive and very intimate contact with the particles formed in this way with simultaneous high-frequency, possibly reaching into the ultra-sonic range, leading to a rapid reaction Impact numbers is brought about.

The reactor according to the invention can within the scope of the concept of the invention can be modified in many directions.

One or more kinematic vibration generators can be used, depending on requirements lia reactor can be provided and energy of different high frequency and intensity to suckle. It can be known per se in the reactor Auxiliary units be attached, such as a separator, including the different components su separate. e.g. a centrifuge.

For steering, for acceleration, for slowing down or manually or automatic control, the reactor according to the invention can also be used with all of them Help provisions will be ignored.

Claims (23)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Countercurrent method to the physical and / or chemical treatment of substances and mixtures, thereby marked, that the substances to be treated in a reaction chamber in countercurrent with one another are brought into contact and that the heterogeneous brought together in countercurrent Mixture of substances guided through a kinematic generated vibration zone (sound field) and the mixture of substances up to the finest, if necessary, sensitive parts, Vesicles, fibers or molecular structures due to high-frequency disintegration, collapse, Pressure surges and vibrations, if necessary at an ultrasonic frequency, are broken up. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the to be treated Substances are introduced separately into the reaction space. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the daduroh generated particles by converting pressure, shock or vibration energy into heat be heated. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the The dwell time of the mixture of substances in the vibration zone is controlled wiS. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that that the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillation in the oscillation sound for control purposes the division of the substance mixture can be adjusted. 6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the during vibration treatment and / or heating of the released parts or Phaeen, such as vapors, gases, solvents, extraction products and the like., Separated be discharged. 7. Yerfahren according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that; that the products remaining in the reaction chamber by high frequency, if necessary vibrations generated by ultrasound frequencies are homogenized. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that ex-neuf a chemical reaction of the reactive particles of the product is initiated. 9. The method according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that a after-effect reaction is carried out. 10. The method according to claim 6 to 9, characterized in that the separation and removal of fractions or phases is carried out repeatedly. 11. The method according to claim 6 bie 10, characterized in that the released or separated fractions are repeatedly introduced into the reaction area will, 12. The method according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the Rückatand (Stook) or the Reatkonhsewndproodukt is discharged from the reaction room. 13. Device for performing the method according to claim 1 to 12, characterized by a reaction housing (1), by at least one inlet (11, 12) in the upper area of the reactor housing for introducing the heavier material to be treated Substance, through at least one inlet (17) in the lower region of the reactor housing for introducing the lighter material to be treated, through outlets for the lighter ones and heavier fractions, phases or reaction products which correspond to the corresponding Blnllessn opposite in the flow direction, and by at least one between the inlets arranged kinematic high-frequency vibration generator. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that there are several Vibration generators are provided one behind the other in the direction of flow. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the the vibrators adjacent to the inlet openings have a lower vibration frequency than the vibration generators arranged between the diesel. 16. The device according to claim 13 to 15, characterized in that there is the vibration generators each have a fixed, radial stranded wire Stator ring so encompass a rotor which is arranged in the interior and which is also provided with radial slots. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the Botòreu clicher vibration generator is arranged on a common shaft. 18. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 17, characterized in that A turbulence generation device is provided in the lower area of the reaction chamber is. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the Turbulence generating device includes a paddle wheel, which a on the common Rotor shaft is attached. 20. The device according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that | that in the vicinity of single special vibration generator inlet and / or i Outlet devices are provided. 21. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 20, characterized in that In the reaction space baffles, diaphragms or the like. Are provided to the course of the flow to influence. 22. Vorrinchtung according to claim 1 to 21, characterized in that duS a separator, for example a centrifuge, is housed in the reactor housing. 23. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 22, characterized in that heating and / or cooling devices in or on the jacket surface of the reactor housing are provided.