DE1423943A1 - thermostat - Google Patents

Description

Γ .w.-ü

^ Gieflen, 1Θ.Θ.196Ο

M / EF $ 880

H23943

Dipl.-Ina "Baltzar Carl von Platen" "Sweden. Sötgatan 16

THERMAL DAY

The invention relates to a thermostat which can be used for various purposes, for example for controlling the temperature ( temperature in a room or in a refrigerator »whereby it is in a known manner on a valve or an electrical holder acts.

One purpose of the invention is »to provide a thermostat that cheap and small is »but still has the same high level of accuracy» which was previously only available with relatively complicated and eat » speaking expensive thermostats can be achieved. Another purpose of the invention is to design the thermostat in such a way that it can be used is almost unbreakable and has a long lifespan.

Si · expand or contract with fluctuations in temperature In thermostats, mass usually consists of a liquid that is housed in a bellows, the well-known gate part Such an arrangement ensures that there are no diohting difficulties as long as the bellows is not damaged

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The disadvantages are that the bellows usually reduces the accuracy and is expensive and sensitive. Hau can avoid these disadvantages ^ when using an ordinary cylinder and piston, but diesel ¹ way is not feasible because the Diohtungsschwierigkeiten dissolved niciit. Attempts to "solve them" have been made for years "ie one tries to find an arrangement" that takes advantage of the BaIj ₁ en liat without the hachtaile of the cylinder and piston "One could achieve this with a cylinder and piston" if the liquid is replaced by very different rubber. The problem of diohtunga is solved automatically »because the rubber molecules or cells are connected to one another and form long chains» which, like suspension bridges, bridge the gap between the piston and cylinder and prevent the rubber from flowing out Friction "caused by the fact that rubber is not a liquid" but only a substance which can be regarded as semi-liquid "

The larger rope ies rubbers in the case will come in handy behave like a real liquid »i.e. no noticeable friction cause »but the best of the rubber» i.e. a small part near the piston end »will not behave in this way * This is the reason for the friction and the problems that have not yet been resolved.

Two important facts can already be determined. Of the expanding and looking material should at least be used in

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the sewing · of the piston end be flexible. Soft rubber is only • in a list of examples, but probably the most suitable for this Material. Per piston enduro knife aoll ateta be smaller than the dee the rubber receiving container

There are two kinds of friction, namely external friction, civilized Rubber and moving pistons and the internal friction in the rubber itself. The first constitutes one of the problems to be solved, the second the other. Their solutions to both problems make it possible reduce all friction. Accordingly, the technical effects of each of these solutions will be similar. Partly off For this reason, partly for the sake of clarity, there are differences and commonalities of both types of statements together with the two problems, and the problem solutions described at the same time « The figures for the two solutions are identical.

The invention relates to the last mentioned problem

The first type of friction, namely that between rubber and piston depends on the total contact area between rubber and Piston and also its shape. When the thermostat is new, this surface is only equal to that part of the piston which is in the Rubber lies. However, if it has been in use for a while, the rubber will wear off a little and a fine film of gu * - Dust is squeezed into the gap between the piston and cylinder and increases the friction between the two considerably. Demgeafti

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The original contact area belongs to the entire mentioned contact area Contact area between piston and cylinder, as this area as a result of the wear of the rubber Jiaoh for some time into a « The contact surface between the piston and the rubber hood is changed It is noted that the first type of friction, namely the complete friction between the piston and rubber, which is considerably reduced it can be that the contact area between the two bodies is made as small as technically possible, mainly also in the appropriate shape of this area.

From tar searches it was found that the piston was not deeper into the Rubber body may protrude than about two * or four times the diameter of the rope in question on the piston. More accurate expressed, it was found that the maximum value A1 of the Size of a cylindrical surface formed by part of the piston - which part looks from the pointed end of the piston in the housing there is a Uofangaline of the inner surface of the cylinder. furthest away «« 4 tone the ·· «. End extends - less than the 16- and gate assignment da · 2 · to 5faohe dee values «A2 de ·

Piston cross sonittea should be, thus «5 <^. T6. (la the newspaper,

A ² leaves 2, A ₁ «/ vd (a + h) and A ₂ « TTTf-t where d is the diameter

of the piston.)

You know the type of friction, the internal friction in rubber can also be decreased. Al · Lusungeprinsip for the ·· task was found «deJ the wall» through which the piston enters the housing protrudes, trloaterföre, cone-like eder pyraeidenfSrmic in

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the end of the piston should be, preferably conical or funnel-shaped. The Spitae of the Sriohtera or dee cone-like The body should face the rubber, which is accordingly in contact with its convex surface iat. The theoretical angle The vertex should be as small as possible. The geometrical Achaen dee cone and the pistonβ coincide. Daa Prinsip can be expressed more generally as follows:

The facet walls of the Guamigehäueea in the vicinity of the piston head as well as the aolohe Torah have "that the relative volume of the Ctuaaia within a small sphere xentral to the center of the piston end surface" is at its maximum. With the application of this principle the internal friction of the rubber becomes a minimum. The explanation of the phenomenon is simple: When the piston sB moves out of the rubber housing near the end of the piston as the temperature rises, the rubber will move near the end of the piston. Inner forces la Gtaaai counteract the movement · Di ··· force · become aaao smaller »the greater the distance awiaohen dea aioh moving ·» f «11 de β rubber a and the neighboring facts οι and is · the movable · rubber mass veraohiebe si oh. partially filing for others d «a oua» ffiia untfaieae aioh umac can be carried out leiohter, the more dioker these parts are »ie the greater the abatand or the relative volume mentioned theoretically aollte dee kegele ia focus dee Gummiblooke · lying »is enough in practice but» if the · length of the Konua is little · Milüaetear »case · the volume of the guamiblookee is about di · size of 20 or ³ ·

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The invention is based on the following implementation therapy les described. In the drawing sieige & t

Fig. 1 a section through a thermostat for Regulation of the room temperature »

Flg. 2 on a larger scale, a view through the middle rope of the execution game and Figs. 3 and 4 show two modifications with details of the? Invention·

Xn Fig. 1 is the Ghxjsal with 1 he & eioimmc Dbt main part dea Guamigehäuoee let a tube 2 _for Yorssugüiiee made of aluminum, since this metal zxa. belong to the substances * ,, which reflect heat + rays. A thin piston is denoted by 5 and its edge by 3a. The piston is in contact with the screw 4, which is fastened to the disk 5 in a suitable manner and is in turn in contact with the screw 6. Normally parts 3 and 5 are also in contact with one another. A handwheel 8 is attached to the vision hood 6.

The uppermost part of the space containing the rubber 1 becomes duroh the bodies 15 »16, 17, 18 and 19 are limited. Body 15 (Fig. 2) let a ring, which by means of the rubber pressure against the ring 16, presses is, whose flange 16a duroh the spring 14 against the corresponding Flange 17a of the tube 17 is pressed. In the centric Bore la pipe 17 is a trlohter-shaped body or a funnel 18 attached, the lower part of which is approximately conical is. The upper part of the tube 17 is attached to the deodorant 20,

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which is attached to the cylinder 2, e.g. by screwing it on. The upper part of the spring 14 is supported by the cover 20 «The wider and weaker spring 21 sits inside the tube 17 · The upper part of this spring 21 is also supported by Deokel 20 from, its lower end aa flange 22 of the rod 24 "

The piston 19 fits into the central hole of the Eriohters 18. Der very small cylindrical part of this funnel that looks in touch with the piston 19 is old 13 is denoted. This small part 18 * acts like a usual cylinder and includes the piston and can therefore also be used as a cylinder despite the fact that this cylinder is shorter than the piston in the embodiment of the invention. In this * To * In connection with this, it should be pointed out that the working part a single piston rom geometric, but not technical From the point of view, it is always a cylinder · The cross-section of the cylindrical surface of the piston "can be a circle, Reehteek, Bllipee etc., however, ael Betreratändlioh is the refuse circular · preferred.

The upper part 19 * of the piston 19 can be made thinner. He braces himself on the said rod 24 and becomes durok against it the pressure of the Oummia acting on the piston 19 is printed · On a tube 25 of a hollow heat conductor is attached to the cover 20, s.B. stainless steel. Its upper end is on the threaded ring 27 and this in turn in the threaded socket 29

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The tilt plate 50 is attached to the upper end of the rod 24, e.g. by means of a spring 51 »so that it can swing out a little and seal against the seat 52.

Inside the funnel 18 is a small cavity 42. This Space, as well as the "in which the springs 14 and 21 are located" and the inside of the tube 25 are covered with a fat, that does not attack the rubber. Some slliclum fats have so bad « Properties · Pas fat prevents contact «wiping» the rubber and the water. The rooms mentioned are partially connected to each other in connection. If you do not want the space in which the spring 14 is located, in connection with the above spaces stands, it must either be in connection with the surrounding atmosphere or not with silicon grease or a other liquid, but with a gas, e.g. Air, the mini aldruok in the rubber is determined by the spring 4, the maxtale by the spring 14 and the normal by dl « Spring 21. The minialdrnok must be higher than the water pressure In the heating system, this will prevent the water from leaking out. The tube 25 can also contain a tube made of glass or another poorly heat-conducting substance. of the expensive silicon fat that is required is reduced. If necessary, you can place between the sillioiunfett and the hot water a thin membrane, e.g. made of Teflon, can be attached.

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How to get out of Pig. 2, the height h of the cylindrical contact surface between the piston 19 and its cylinder 18 * is very small. Tests have shown that it should not be higher than 0.2 to 0.3 mm when the diameter of the piston 19 is 3 mm and the space between the piston and its cylinder (body 19 and 18 *) is approximately 0.03 mm · This is a · special design, but it is instructive and typical of this part of the invention. The most suitable width of the gap between the piston and its cylinder is, among other things, a function of the pressure in the rubber.

The thermostat works as follows

The soraal pressure in the gum is preferably 10 to 15 kg / om. It is assumed that the valve 30 is open. ätnn. the temperate? rises, the piston is pressed out of the Guamiatiiok against the direction of the peder 21 and thereby closes the valve. When the pressure drops, the piston returns to its original position and the valve opens. The rubber is worn out by this oscillation of the piston with simultaneous temperature fluctuations - as already mentioned, rubber dust gets into the space between the piston 19 and its cylinder 18 * and thus causes the friction between these two bodies to increase considerably. The friction is a function of the coefficient of friction between the piston and the clamped rubber dust, the piston diameter d, the said height h and the space between the piston and the cylinder.In this function, the coefficient of friction and the diameter d appear in the first power, but the height

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Ii in a higher potency «, the explanation for this is that the maximum pressure of the clamped rubber dust a with the height Ii grows while it is almost independent of the diameter d. From this it is easy to understand how important it is that the envelope h is kept low · The friction between the piston and his Cylinder (19 »18 ') grows very quickly when the height h increases, Practice has shown that the friction increases suddenly and abruptly at a certain value of h faet. If the piston diameter increases *, the height h must not be allowed to increase proportionally. " but only in one small measure, because h appears in the function in a larger one Potena as 1, but d in 4's first poten «.

The friction on the other cable of the piston 19, which is in contact with the rubber, is reduced to an acceptable value by keeping this part as small as possible. Consequently, as mentioned above, the piston should not go further into the rubber than necessary It follows that the end of the piston should come very close to the small cylinder 18 when the piston has been pushed out of the rubber as far as possible, that is, when it is in its extreme position. More precisely, one could say that a circle 33, on that part of the piston where its cylindrical surface begins or begins, should be as close as possible to the outer edge of the small cylinder 18, that is to say the part of the piston. in the container 2 should be a minimum when the piston is in its outermost position.

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- π - ι m ^ y ^ j

Meohanlaehe Anaehläga aollen the movement of the piston elnaohr & nksa. BIa movement la Guam! 1st duroh daa ilanech 22 bagrenst against a Tall daa KOrpera 17 atOfit. Yes the other way the aaa the valve disk 30 and aa Teatilaits 32 ale Anaohlag · Ia lall »that the ·· parts are not put into the Torhandan, serve as aa • ohlag the thicker part of the rod · 24 »that against the cover 20 · t8ft.

la · here it was announced »it is also valid when the top de · Cone · 180 ° is »i.e. waaa the piston and the rubber through a abaaa wall protrudes, lana dia Spitae is 0 °, the piston course UAd aala cylinder long iat and dar piston eich ia Innera da · Cylinder · is - as in la TIg. 3 later still ia single units * note written Iat-eoll dar Kral · 33 on the piston possible et close ia «ämlerea Tail aalaa · Zyliadera aein, weaa of the Kolbea ■ · wide how aOglieh la daa Quaal iat printed

The characters A ₁ * A ₂ , which are fully defined. The maximum number of parts there are parts of the pistons, which generally protrude into it, but without the part that is at the height of which is also located outside of the cylinder 18, which is to be called. lolglieh let wla mention "A ₁ " Tf.d. (b + a) and A ₂ ■ J. d ² . The following Brgebaiaaa were determined by Yerauohe1

for a well-functioning room thermostat, the following apply Dataat

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d ■ 5 «a» h * 0.3 aa _f t «fiu uad

GuoaiToIueen * 20 om ⁵ . Other gat working · fisuatherffiostate »dl. · Dl« temperature old

a PräBioioa of + 0.4 ° 0 rules * have the following üateni d - 3 aa _ff h * O ₉ ? aa, · «2 an and follow. Aj / Ag? ^ 5l öuaal- * 20 oir ·

In cases »we dl« JLneprLloii · βα accuracy low Bind, *, 3. for the control of the water tempers door in a car radiator * can A ^ / up to 16, A ^ / Ag * g 16, and the maximum value of the height h kaaii as big as the dura seed of the flask will be "

When the gtumol is worn out, aloh auomistaub in the small Hphlraua 42 within the afrioatera 18 eamaieln. Even a very small amount of buzzing dust comes from "among other things set the thermostat out of puncture" u "if il H8 &" α is not below "in leaps and bounds · Increase in value «Although cavity 42 is small, meletaas. 1/2 o »» but large enough to establish that the auaaist from there is not placed under -öruok · As a result, the teroreaoiit has no appreciable improvement compared to the rope 19 * of the Eo2 *. Sas Sill · · oiuatett contributes to "that the first kind of friction is kept low" It will take a few decades "" he the little hollow muscle is filled with old dust *

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91 · Decrease · of the global kind τοη friction In dea Oumal, the inner friction »let ready · been drilled. As already mentioned «let dl · friction · ΐή» function de · 3pitsenwinkele of the truncated cone *** »algae parts dee Trlohtere 18 · If this angle» like Pig. t •• igt »approximately OK ^# is» so the internal friction is surüokge to a tolerable value. If it is 180 ° - that is, if the cone or the conical body is replaced by a flat lath or wall - the friction is generally great. If it is 0 ° - so if instead of the cone or the body mentioned a thin-walled pipe is used - the friction is only a little less than at an angle τοη 6Ο °

The Theraoetat can be used at low temperatures duroh Terringeim or TergrOBern dee Toluaens dee Oumaibehlltere can be set »s.B. By turning the bandwheel β and then turning the thin one Piston 3 moved

When the temperature rises, see the eleventh «hot 3ea * erteg» the Bdruek dee Ouwale au would become very bad if da · Yelaaaa was constant ·· Uh dea Maximaldruok au grenaen »serves from swel rings 15 and 16 of a spring 14 existing device M both ring · know · »as a ring are considered» the «iev eret · is only used for this »the thermostat lelohter lusaaaenittbaaen · If

• ■ -

The pressure, however, "increases to a certain value" τ * # at the IbIieherwelee da "Valve 90 geeohleese * we""moveit" 41 · beldea) ι

ling · 15 «ad Ii« a «H Eben« nd drlloken dadwroh dl «fed · * 14 maaja» wivi «ι eift ·· cold ·· flag« wsjsm AwV fkenafata% 4t ·

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U23943

! Assumes room temperature, the pressure Ia on the rubber is reduced · Xa diestm Fall, the spring 4 starts in action when you pedal Bridge above or at «inta certain minimum value, which like ready it was mentioned that the water pressure used to measure the • prevent α leakage

In the embodiment of the invention, as it is inclined in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cylindrical contact surface "between the" piston and the cylinder 18 'is given a very small height h, in which the mentioned cylinder is kept on course while comparing it the piston can be long ffatttrlioh one can also follow the opposite principle, ie keep the piston short and the cylinder long. 3 shows a eolohes Aueführungebeiepiel · Here 1st piston 19a called and the funnel 13a · The zylinditeohe part of such a cylindrical shape itft 18a * bezeiohnet · Mm Sr iat lan $ la Tergleich za the bead of the piston 19a · JMLe Maximum contact surface "wipe these two The body has a low height a * of course, the whole · Srichter 18a can be replaced by a cylindrical thin-walled tube with the same inner Durobneeaer, "le it the cylindrical skin 18 ·" has "

IMLe wear of the rubber can be reduced as shown in Jig · 4 a "Jn 9os" i and ue a "a piston 19 out" a cavity is created * • ohaffeii, dt "old small parts to a" durable "material ·" it * ait a »9 $ & sieyaitttl« it s «l» (tetphit 9 ^ 99 Silicium * ett ▼ etui · *** igt «msfefUllt let« Si · small partohea keiuitA aam hlr- · «eem * i tit» TaUetiwi ede »ate * fixtJi XSrtern wi «e.g.«

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or steel balls. «These particles or balls are flexible · The dust created by the friction becomes like seo ^ Knock out the gate. However, in this case the friction will be greater al β at de »rubber.

Tone «pus amendments or uniformities that occur within the Within the scope of this invention, only the following should be mentioned:

Between the ournmi and the piston 19, a thin base of a material that is more resistant to and more capable than rubber can be placed. me · can be harder rubber or so-called Yulkollan · This harder 3ohloht must be so thin that its interior. friction Doesn't matter ·· You can also swel thin Use layers with a little lubricant «ie ζ * B. $ raphite powder daawiaahen,

The volume of the rubber changes with the temperature. It is unimportant for the functioning of the thermostat how the change in volume occurs, provided that the construction around the piston 19 does not change. There is a cavity in the center of the uummiblook and fill it with a liquid, le bB 3ilioiu * oil, that looks inert. Qummi behaves. This cavity can be so large that it becomes a flexible container which must be dioc-walled in the vicinity of the piston. Xktr Oummlblook and the Hohlraua can be relatively small eeia if the cavity with a »

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Cell outside the thermostat in connection with atekt ·, this The cuvette either contains the same liquid - Silioium-Öl wurfi * all example mentioned - or in addition another liquid, which are not termisable and not indefinitely solvable in the first is «

P & tent ASNR borrowed * t

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Claims (1)

Patent attorney JCL 1, Thermostat «it« in · «housing and old« ine * piston that goes through • an opening of one of the exact sides protrudes into the housing, where dl inner surface of said opening dl inner . Surface d ·· cylinder · d ·· piston «and there · cteh & u ·· old a • lon b ·! TeaparatoreohwanIrangan auedennenden and suaaaaensiahandea Fabric filled iet, the xuaindeet in the lane of the Xolbeneplttt yielding, characterized by the fact that the inner surface of the Keep someone who is constantly in contact with the stretchy fabric is, in the near of the piston exactly or approximately the lora a cone, a pyramid, a Sriohtere or a similar body Has. 2 Theraoatat according to Anepruoh 1, daduroh gekennselohnet, dad dl Retaining edge near the end of the piston, either partially or completely The body forms »the inner surface of which exactly or approximates the door · a · cone · or the outer surface of a Pyraaide, Zrlohter · ο, the like « Has· 3 · Tharaoetat according to Anepruoh 2, characterized by the fact that the Body made of thin * Bleoh 4 Thera acetate according to Anepruoh 2 and 3t daduroh marked because the body a small gap smr intake · ten dust vein smaller Tellohea of the stretchable fabric · aufweiet. 909812/00