DE1297074B - Surface active agents - Google Patents

Description

amine, 2-ethylhexylamine, dodecylamine, cyclohexylamine, 4-methylcyclohexylamine, di-n-butylamine, diiso-butylamine, Ethylhexylamine, ethyldodecylamine, ethylcyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, pyrrolidone, Piperidine and 2-propoxyethylamine, 2-butoxyethylamine, 2-butylaminoethylamine, morpholine, piperazine and N'-ethyjpiperazine called.

The corresponding amides of the sulfated unsaturated fatty acids are largely known and

Surfactants based on sulfated fatty acid amides, e.g. B. the diisobutylamide of
sulfated oleic acid, are well known (German
Patent 595 173). Besides that
Network capacity of these means is not entirely satisfied,
they have the disadvantage that their action decreases with increasing hardness of the water and that io "available in a known manner, they are those to a disturbing extent of foaming of the thus \ Preferred active ingredients (a), the cause is offset baths. derive from oleic acid, and among these has become

Especially the latter deficiency is in the sulfated oleic acid di-n-butylamide with a sulfie practice particularly uncomfortable, because the relevant degree of approximation between 1: 1 and 1: 1.2 as special Washing, wetting, dyeing, bleaching and stripping liquors 15 have been shown to be suitable.

are generally in strong, foaming component (b) corresponds to component (a)

causative movement.

It has been found that surfactants which together contain the following components in contain the specified proportions, do not have the disadvantages mentioned:

apart from the difference that this is not sulfated. The same statements apply here accordingly as for component (a).

The same fatty acid amide according to the definition that is used is preferably used as component (b) Component (a) is based on or this largely with regard to the fatty acid and the amine radical equals. So if component (a) is

a) 35 to 40 parts by weight of a mono- or dialkyl or cycloalkyl amide or alkylene amide

is a sulfated unsaturated fatty acid with 14-25 sulfated oleic acid dibutylamide, then up to 22 carbon atoms and a middle sulfonation component (b) should advantageously be oleic acid dibutylamide degree of 1: 1 to 1: 1.2, the alkyl or
Alkylene or cycloalkyl radicals 4 to 12 carbon atoms
should contain and where the chain of

or z. B. oleic acid monobutylamide or oleic acid dihexylamide be.

As fatty acid component (c) are the im

C atoms in these radicals by O atoms or 30 of the aforementioned unsaturated acids, the

replaced entirely or in part by their alkali or ammonium salts, preferably sodium salts could be. Here, too, it is advisable to use the same acid or an acid with the same carbon content

22 carbon atoms "where" the "alkyl · or alkylene- 35 to be used, the components (a) and / or (b) or cycloalkyl radicals 4 to 12 carbon atoms are based.

■■ - - Component (a) can in turn consist of a

Mixture of different defined compounds exist; it is the same with the Components (b) and (c).

Suitable “completely dissociating inorganic salts (d) are, for example, sodium chloride and above all Sodium sulfate.

The mixtures according to the invention are in the 45 practically customary use concentrations in Water-soluble as well as in mixtures with water-soluble liquids; they are also practical all substances commonly used in the textile industry, such as non-ionic or anionic bleaching agents, acid and oleic acid. These sulfated 50 dyes of all kinds, leveling agents and compounds the introduction of armor and finishing agents gives excellent equimolar amounts Quantities both practical and practical temperature

range - about 20 to 150 ⁰ C - as well as in the pH range from about 3 to 13.

With the help of the surface-active agents according to the invention, the efficiency of the textlien Increase treatment baths and the quality of the treated textiles. Practically is particularly important z. B. the use of the funds as

(- NH -) groups can be interrupted;

b) 12 to 20 parts by weight of a mono- or dialkyl or cycloalkyl amide or alkylene amide an unsaturated fatty acid with 14 to

should hold and the chain of C atoms in these radicals by O atoms or (--NH -) groups can be interrupted;

c) 2 to 4 parts by weight of an unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 22 carbon atoms or their alkali or Ammonium salts and

d) 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of a completely dissociating inorganic salt.

The amides of monosulfated unsaturated fatty acids according to the definition, such as of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, palmit oil

(-SO ₃ H) and / or (—O —SO ₃ H) groups

into the fatty acid molecules by attachment to the double bonds) in a manner known per se, z. B. by reacting the fatty acid with sulfur trioxide or with chlorosulfonic acid. The stipulation "Monosulphated" here refers to the average degree of sulphonation and is otherwise not critical, d. That is, even up to about 1.2 times the degree of sulphonation does no harm and should be kept within the limits this invention a monosulphurisation should be taken into account.

Amine components in the active ingredients (a) include n-butylamine, isobutylamine and n-hexyl wetting agents for pre-wetting or boiling off strand yarn;

Wetting agents for bleaching without precooking;

Dyeing auxiliaries for substantive dyeing of cotton;

Dyeing auxiliaries for dyeing cotton with sulfur dyes;

Wetting agents for vats containing leveling agents;

Wetting agents for primer baths for dyeing cotton with developing dyes;

Wetting agents when dyeing semi-woolen goods;

Leveling agent when dyeing polyamide fibers with acidic dyes.

In all of these cases, the low foaming properties of the liquor in question is of particular advantage. .

The required concentrations of the agents according to the invention differ from case to case, but are in the range in which the conventional surface-active agents are also used, i.e. between 0.2 and 3 g per liter of treatment bath. Higher concentrations harm not, but are at most superfluous for economic reasons. The respective occasions adapted optimal concentrations are easy to determine.

Although the new surfactants in the textile industry are particularly great technical Are important, they also provide excellent service wherever such aids are needed be e.g. B. for the production of pigment preparations or for dyeing and printing plastic films.

example
A surfactant off

g sulphated oleic acid di-n-butylamide (sulphi-

degree of efficiency 1: 1),
g oleic acid di-n-butylamide,

g oleic acid,

g sodium oleate,

g sodium sulfate and
1 g sodium chloride

was diluted with water to a 0.05% active ingredient solution.

The following experiments, in which the usage times of cotton samples of the same quality at different pH values and temperatures the so-called submersion method (DIN 53901) were measured, namely

II.

using the said active ingredient solution according to the invention and, in comparison therewith, using a 0.05% solution (calculated on solids) of a commercially available wetting agent based on a sulfated aromatic fatty acid amide.

The results achieved here are compiled in the following table.

product

pH 7; 20 ⁰ C

112
155

Wetting times in [see]
pH 7; 70 ⁰ CI pH *) 13; 20 ⁰ C

86 201 132
138

pH *) 13; 70 C

255
> 300
(no effect)

♦) Caustic alkaline.

As can be seen from the table, the wetting times are shorter in the case of the new agent than in the case of the known.

To test the foam behavior, 1 liter of a 2% drinking water solution of the active ingredient of (I) or (II) was made to foam using the so-called IG impact method (DIN 53902), at pH 7 and 10 (soda-alkaline). After certain times, the foam volume was measured in cm ³ :

I. 30th Foam volume 120 in [cm ³ ] 30th 60 0 0 120 product ) H 7 after pH 10 after 70 50 0 60 0 Seconds 0 30th Seconds 10 10 I. . . 0 II 20th

5 °

55

Claims (1)

Claim: Surface-active agents for the textile industry based on sulfated carboxamides in a mixture with fatty acids and elec- 6o trolytes, characterized by a Content of a) 35 to 40 parts by weight of a mono- or dialkyl or cycloalkyl amide or alkylene amide a sulfated unsaturated fatty acid with 14 to 22 carbon atoms and an average degree of sulfation of 1: 1 up to 1: 1.2, the alkyl, alkylene or cycloalkyl radicals containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms should and where the chain of C atoms in these radicals by O atoms or (- NH -) groups can be interrupted; 12 to 20 parts by weight of a mono- or Dialkyl or cycloalkylamides or alkylenamides of an unsaturated fatty acid with 14 up to 22 carbon atoms, the alkyl or alkylene or cycloalkyl radicals having 4 to 12 carbon atoms should contain and where the chain of C atoms in these radicals by O atoms or (—NH -) groups can be interrupted; c) 2 to 4 parts by weight of an unsaturated fatty acid with 14 to 22 carbon atoms or their Alkali or ammonium salts and d) 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of a completely dissociating inorganic salt. b)