DE1275629B - Procedure for relieving repeatable stress curves from statistical disturbances and arrangement for carrying out the procedure - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

H04b

German KL: 21 a4-22 / 04

Number: 1275 629

File number: P 12 75 629.5-35 (V 26879)

Filing date: September 30, 1964

Opening day: August 22, 1968

The invention relates to a method for relieving repeatable voltage profiles that the dependency represent a quantity that can be represented as a voltage of another quantity, of statistical Interference (noise).

In the transmission of information of any kind, statistical disturbances occur, which in information theory based on the form in which such statistical disturbances occur in the Transmission of speech may occur as noise. This noise cannot get under a certain size, which is invariably given by the arrangement and the working conditions, is depressed will.

When transmitting information, one is therefore dependent on the relationship between the Information representing quantity to make the noise level as high as possible. That happens in the As a rule, the information is displayed as a voltage curve as a function of time, ao This voltage is amplified so that the voltage representing the information is sufficiently high above the noise level.

In a number of cases, especially in measuring technology, such as the diameter of as Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, or when measuring voltages on living cells, is, however, already the information obtained, d. H. the voltage supplied by the probe, with such a strong noise component afflicted by the fact that there is practically no longer any difference between the actual signal and the noise can be determined. Subsequent amplification would of course reduce the noise component reinforced to the same extent, so that no improvement can be achieved thereby. Because such a signal does not exceed the noise level, threshold value circuits are also not applicable.

Because of the statistical nature of the noise, the signal / noise ratio can be improved by that the signal is repeated several times. The signals or amplitudes of the voltage curve add up when repeated several times, while the total noise component becomes smaller. By multiple repetitions, the signal / noise ratio increases with the square root of the number of repetitions, so that a sufficiently undisturbed signal is obtained by repeating it accordingly can be.

On the basis of this knowledge, telegraphy pulses have already been repeatedly sent several times, and the pulses have been summed up photographically. With this method, the noise components only resulted in a method for exempting repeatable ones
Voltage curves of statistical disturbances and arrangement for carrying out the procedure

Applicant:

Varian International A. G., Zug (Switzerland)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. K. Bernhardt, patent attorney,

8000 Munich, Mainzer Str. 5

Named as inventor:

Arthur Bodmer, Zurich (Switzerland)

low blackening, while the impulses produced a strong blackening of the photographic layer, so that the impulses could be easily recognized. Because of the nonlinearities and because of the poor reproducibility when using photographic layers, this method is only suitable for signals that are available as binary pulses.

It is also known in radar equipment to repeat it when signals are only slightly above the noise level and only assume the presence of a signal if the majority a signal above a threshold value was recorded during the scans. With such a The procedure is based on the assumption that the signal exceeds the noise level by a minimum value, and it is only possible to determine whether a signal is present with a certain probability was or not. Signals of different sizes cannot be distinguished.

It has become known to use mean values for short sections in order to free continuous voltage curves of the voltage curve (amplitudes) and to send these sections several times. These amplitudes are stored directly on an endless steel wire in such a way that that mean values of the same sections of the voltage curve in the following broadcasts are those already stored be superposed. Because of the non-linearities of the steel wire used, this is The method is also afflicted with considerable deficiencies, so that it is not particularly suitable for measurement purposes comes into consideration, even if instead of the

809 597/16 *

3 4

Steel wire modern magnetic tapes are used to avoid pairs being used in further training

will. according to the invention, the pulse pairs on each pass

Especially for the already mentioned measuring purposes on another track of a multi-track recording

Therefore, a procedure for the release of a carrier was recorded, in the case of a dual tracker Voltage curves of statistical disturbances on the recording medium alternately on the one

gen (noise), with the mean values of short down or the other track.

Intersections of the voltage curve in the case of several diameters each run in the form of impulses are stored with certainty between the beginning and the end those that represent the value of the amplitude and can be differentiated for a pair of pulses to which the sum of the stored amplitude values is expediently the beginning of an amplitude a voltage curve is reconverted, developing the corresponding pulse or amplitude sum, in which the pulses numerically the ampli-pairs marking pulse with a double pulse to represent. This method can be used at a constant distance.

As a rule, to satisfy the requirements. When using such a double pulse gene; to convert the amplitudes into digits - 15 to mark the beginning of a pair of pulses pulses, their storage and addition and, in a further embodiment of the invention, this double reverse conversion and supply to a registration pulse for initiating and controlling the scanning device is, however, a very large technical one amplitude is exploited in such a way that the Effort required, so that this method only makes the first pulse of the double pulse a monostable Could be used in special cases, in ao multivibrator (monoflop) triggers whose time condensate a considerable technical effort is to be understood larger than the distance of the double pulse, is kicking. the second pulse of the double pulse together

By contrast, the invention is intended to make a bistable combination with the pulse from the monoflop

drive to be made available with a low multivibrator (flip-flop) in a certain operational Effort works so that one position of intoxication tilts or holds in this position, and every one behind it

suppression in this way even in cases of possible edge of the pulse from the monoflop in the flip-flop

Hch is in which no extremely large "technical tilts the other operating position. By the

Effort can be made. Double impulse, the recording of the second im-

To solve this problem, a pulse pair that is the end of an amplitude digital process is assumed, and this tude marked, prepared so that when the Known method is modified so that the Im- second pulse immediately converts the amplipulse Pairs of pulses each with the amplitude value tuden can begin in a pair of pulses, the analogue of which forms a proportional distance that the storage is added to the already stored pair of pulses the pulse pairs are made in such a way that they are added. In the case already mentioned that the During the first run, the pulse pairs are saved 35 Conversion by comparing the amplitude value and the distance is carried out with a linearly increasing voltage during further passes the already stored pulse pairs around the flip-flop when tilting back into the certain stood the newly formed is enlarged and that operating position thereby the increase of the comparative die Conversion back into a voltage curve in voltage off.

takes place in such a way that the pulse pairs with the ab- 40 An arrangement for carrying out the invention

stand according to the sum of the amplitude values according to the method is just like the arrangement

in the individual runs in amplitudes around the implementation of the already known method

converts and these are registered in connection with a registration device. Of the-

will. However, it differs greatly in that

As a rule, the conversion of the amplitudes is carried out in a simple manner made possible by the method

tuden in pulse pairs by comparing the amplitude structure. Instead of the expensive digital computer

with a linearly increasing voltage, the arrangement for carrying out the known

increased at the occurrence of the beginning of an amplitude method has an arrangement for implementation

marking pulse begins. If this increases linearly of the method according to the invention in addition to these parts

increasing voltage from amplitude value zero, 50 len only a converter for conversion

so it is not possible to load negative amplitudes ■ the amplitudes in pulse pairs, a memory for

take into account, which, however, especially with weak Si the pulse pairs and a converter for reverse

signals that are embedded in a strong noise level converting the stored pulse pairs into a

are very common. To such amplitude voltage curve on.

Store the sign correctly or add it to 55 Such an arrangement has proven itself in operation, are in further training of the invention, in which the converter is used to convert the tion the pulses with each pass by one amplitude in pulse pairs a known per se constant amount compared to the previous comparison circuit, which is when the amplification drawing is equal recorded offset, and the amplitude with a linearly increasing voltage tuden and / or the linearly increasing voltage triggers the trigger that holds the second pulse of a pulse such a constant bias that the pair delivers to the accumulator, linearly increasing voltage only after one expediently, the memory in itself is constant The amount of time corresponding to the amplification is endless, possibly several tude value reached zero. Magnetic tape showing traces. At the prak-um No interference with the reading of the already 65 table testing of the invention has been shown, stored pulse pairs through the spacer that a simple tape recorder for amateur purposes To get larger or a disturbance of the new some minor changes as a memory recording by the already stored impulse is easily suitable.

A particular problem with the implementation of the noise voltage and the known method to be obtained from it was the determination of the time information after several runs,
intervals at which an amplitude is sampled F i g. 5 should be a basic block diagram of the Andes, because it had to be ensured that when turning an arrangement according to the invention, the same amplitude is scanned with each pass 5 a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and
became. In the arrangement according to the invention, Fig. 6 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, as it is and therefore an oscillator is provided, which in the first pass, obtained indirectly from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, becomes the start of each amplitude scan and over it determines the same spectrum after a hundred and the corresponding first pulse of one pass Arrangement according to Fi g. 5.
Pulse pair supplies to the memory. The thus won- io The in FIG. 1, the inventive pulses shown in principle are scanned in each subsequent arrangement essentially consists of a run and serve to mark the scanning amplitude of a two-track tape recorder serving as a memory. 11, at the output of which a pulse shaper 12 so

It has already been mentioned that the pulses when connected, that he optionally receives pulses from the

method according to the invention to obtain a constant 15 lane I or II; a monoflop 13 with a

Amount compared to the previous recording. Time constant of 2.5 milliseconds parallel to

sets to be recorded when the conversion has an input of an AND gate 14 at the output

of the amplitudes in pulse pairs by comparing that of the pulse shaper and one of its output 15

Amplitude with a linearly increasing voltage at the other input of the AND gate 14;

occurs and negative amplitudes are to be expected. 20 a flip-flop 16, one input 17 of which is at

This offset is expediently through the second output of the monoflop 13 and its second

a delay circuit is achieved, which is located before the memory input 18 at the output of the AND gate 14;

is switched. But since the second pulse of the voltage generated on a comparison voltage generator 19 at the output

pulse pairs generated in this way by the operation of flip-flop 16; a comparison circuit 20,

voltage of the amplitudes and / or the comparison voltage from one side of the comparison voltage from

voltage already offset by the constant amount generator 19 and from the other side with

occurs, this must not be delayed again, an amplifier 21 amplified signal voltage from

and for this purpose is received at the input 22 according to the invention; one to the comparison circuit

Arrangement of the delay circuit through the connected trigger 23, which when the

dung trigger memory bridged. 30 comparison voltage from generator 19 and the

In order to generate the signal voltage from the amplifier 21 that strengthens the beginning of a pair of pulses marking double pulse is in another off pulse is emitted via its output 24; a mono formation of the invention between memory and flop 25 with between 4 and 8 milliseconds setting delay a monoflop switched, which has a hard time constant; a monoflop 26 with a Double pulse delivers. Because the first pulse of an Im- 35 time constant of 1.5 milliseconds and a pair of pulses runs through the delay circuit and pulse shaper 27, which is sent to both the output 24 of the the second pulse of the pulse pair on this previous trigger 23 as well as on both outputs of the last one is accompanied, it is thus automatically guaranteed that the monoflop 26 is connected and the one from there that the first impulse is a double impulse and impulses that come in the correct form are sent to the the second pulse of a pair of pulses delivers a single tape recorder 11 each to one track, fan impulse is. which is currently not being scanned at the exit. Except-

In one embodiment of the invention, there is an oscillator 28 with a period of oscillation A moderate arrangement takes place the utilization of the Dop of 400 milliseconds provided, which is fixed to the pelimpulses to mark the beginning of an ampli input of the monoflop 25 and to the output 29 tudenabtast cycle in that the memory output 45 of the flip-flop 16 is connected and the through there is a monoflop, the time constant of which is greater, corresponding position of switch 30 to the Einais the distance between the double pulse, one of which is the gear of the last monoflop 26 to be switched Output with both inputs of a flip-flop and can; the oscillator 28 can by opening a whose other output can be put into operation with an input of a switch 31. About a AND gate is connected, the other input 50 of which, switch 32, can be the input of the output pulse the memory output and its output with formers 27 instead of the trigger 23 with the penultimate Input of the flip-flop is connected to the monoflop 25 when asked. Finally is hit the flip-flop with a pulse in parallel to the comparison voltage generator 19 Operating position tilts or holds in this, in which the output of the flip-flop 16 is an output unit connected to this connected sawtooth generator with 55 33, a converter for conversion linear rise is triggered, and that the saw scanned by the tape recorder 11 and through the Tooth generator connected to one side of the comparison circuit intermediate stages corresponding to processed impulses is. pairs in amplitudes that, as indicated, correspond to a region

The invention will be able to be supplied in more detail with the aid of the drawing,

explained. It shows 60 the mode of operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an invention to be explained with reference to FIG. This is supposed to

appropriate arrangement, it is initially assumed that both tracks of the

F i g. 2 shows the chronological sequence of various endless belts lying on the tape device 11

ner in the arrangement occurring pulse sequences are unrecorded. To get the arrangement ready for use

Fig. 3 make a circuit diagram of the essential electrical 65, this tape must first with control pulse

TeUs of an arrangement according to the invention, sen are recorded. In principle it is possible

Fig. 4a to 4i show an undisturbed input signal, one of which is already the first run of the voltage

Noise voltage to record the mixture of the input signal curve, but that should be the overview-

7 8

are not taken into account for the sake of convenience. For the sake of sake, the second pulse of this purpose is shown in FIG. As soon as their in FIG. 1 position shown in another of these occurs, the monoflop 13 is tilted, and placed position so that the oscillator 28 in operation 2.5 milliseconds later it tilts into its rest position, the input of the last monoflop 5 ment back and tilts the Flip-flop 16 is also at oscillator 28 and the input of the failure is in its "reset" state. The last comparative monofllop 25 is connected by the input pulse shaper 27 to the output of the previous flip-flop 16 toggling. The oscillator 28 voltage generator 19 triggered so that it then supplies as shown in FIG.2, Zeile9 is shown a ramp comparison voltage to the every 400 milliseconds, a pulse to write the mono- to comparison circuit 20 (see FIG. F i g. 2, line 4). flop 25 and monoflop 26 triggers. Since both output The comparison circuit 20 and the amplifier 21 gears of the monoflop 26 with the pulse shaper 27 are coordinated so that after 8.5 milli-seconds are connected, a double pulse of 1.5 muliseconds the amplitude value zero is reached and seconds apart Immediately upon occurrence of the Im- correspondingly later a positive amplitude value, pulse from the oscillator 28 to the running tape recorder 15 as shown in FIG. 2, line 4. Negative Ampli-11 delivered and recorded there; after 4 to 1 hour values are of course reached 8 milliseconds earlier, depending on the setting of the monoflop.

25, another impulse comes over the impulse As soon as the amplitude or the signal from the

former 27 to tape device 11, as in line 10 the stronger 21 and the comparison voltage are the same,

F i g. 2 is shown. 20 the trigger 23 is released and delivers without delay

Is the whole band with pulse pairs in the same way via switch 32 and pulse shaper 27

moderate intervals of 400 milliseconds mar- pulse to the tape recorder 11, where it is on track II

the signal, i.e. the one to be recorded, can be drawn (see Fig. 2, line 8).

Amplitudes, are recorded. For this these processes are repeated until they can

Purpose, the pulse shaper 12 will have added enough signal amplitudes in the 25 to the

The impulses recorded in the manner described are counteracted by influences that cancel each other out again and again

delivers by having the corresponding output of the noise component tower above it. Once that is achieved

the tape deck 11 is connected; is the input of the output unit 33 and the to this

Tape device 11 is switched over accordingly, with the connected recording device in operation.

for example in the in F i g. 1 position shown. 30 and the recorded pulse pairs are

Likewise, the switches 30, 31 and 32 are set to the positions in the tape recorder 11 via pulse shaper 12, mono

Fig. 1 brought position shown. As soon as the flop 13 and flip-flop 16 have been sent to the converter 33

supplies the first pulse of a double pulse from tape recorder 11, where they are converted into amplitudes,

comes (see Fig. 2, line 1), the monoflop 13 will be recorded in the registration device.

(Fig. 2, line 2). Characterized is voltage ₃₅ details of the circuit arrangement according to F i g. 1

at one input of the AND gate 14, and as soon as FIG. 3 shown. It can be seen there that

the second pulse of the double pulse from the tape of the input pulse shaper 12 of five transistors

comes, is from the AND gate 14 to the input in the emitter circuit, a polarizing diode in the

of the flip-flop 16 supplied a pulse. This will consist of input and a limiting zener diode,

the flip-flop 16 in any case, no matter in which 40 the monoflop 13 consists of two transistors; this and-

cher position he was before, in a certain gate 14 is designed as a simple diode gate,

Tilted position, hereinafter referred to as "reset" the flip-flop 16 made of two transistors, the

should be designated. In the illustrated embodiment collector of the second transistor from the monoflop 13

For example, the pulse from the monoflop 13 is one through a pair of diodes to the base of each of the two

Millisecond later ended, and through this 45 transistors of the flip-flop 16 is connected and the

tilting back of the monoflop 13 is the flip-flop in the output of the AND gate 14 only with the base of the

the "set" position is tilted (see. Fig. 2, right transistor is connected. The collector of the

Line 3). right transistor of the flip-flop 16 is connected to the

By tilting the flip-flop 16 "into the input of one of three transistors and a Zener

The set position comes from the comparison voltage generator which is provided at one output 29 50 diode

a pulse to the monoflop 25 and pushes it connected to 19, through which a linearly increasing

(Fig. 2, line 6). Let it be assumed now and in the following that equal voltage is generated after amplification

assume that the monoflop 25 is based on a time constant in an emitter follower in the comparison circuit 20

of 6 milliseconds is set. The monoflop 25 is placed at the base of a transistor while So after a further 6 milliseconds it tips into its 55 to the base of an identical one that is parallel to it

original position and pushes the transistor from the signal input 22 via the communication

last monoflop 26, so a total of 2.5 + 6 ms compensation amplifier 21 supplied signal voltage

= 8.5 milliseconds after the first pulse is applied.

Tape device 11 has arrived. The monoflop 26 supplies with the output of the comparison circuit 20 ist then, as already described above, a double 60 via line 24 and switch 32 of the single-stage trigger

impulse is connected to the as yet unrecorded track of the tape recorder 23, which is connected to the three

device 11, in the example shown, about the stepped output pulse shaper 27 is connected. Of the

Track II. Input of the output pulse shaper 27 is via a

With the first pass of the further decoupling diode to be recorded with both collectors Amplitude comes 6 milliseconds after the first .65 of the two transistors of the monoflop 26

Pulse the second pulse of the pulse pair connected by the 1.5 millisecond time constant, namely

Tape recorder 11, with the following passes, the each comes through a capacitor, so that in each case the

this impulse usually a little later. The overview flank of a monoflop 26 after triggering

The pulse generated reaches the pulse shaper 27. At the entrance of the monoflop 26 is also about a diode and switch 30, the collector of the right transistor of the two transistor Monoflop 25 with a variable resistor 34 between 4 and 8 milliseconds adjustable time constant. A decoupling diode is connected to the input of the right transistor of the monoflop 25 the collector of the left transistor of flip-flop 16; via another decoupling diode is at the same input parallel to the output of the oscillator 28, a blocking oscillator with a Double base diode, the capacitance of which is normally short-circuited by switch 31. The time constant of the oscillator can be adjusted to the desired value by means of the variable resistance shown Value can be set. The output of the oscillator 28 can also be activated by flipping the switch 30 be connected directly to the input of the monoflop 26, although the input of the Monoflop 25 continues to be connected to the output of oscillator 28.

With the collectors of both transistors of the flip-flop 16, the output unit 33 is finally a Converter for converting the width of the pulse supplied by the flip-flop 16 into amplitudes, connected, which consists of four transistors and whose output is the tap of a potentiometer, so that the amplitude and the amplitude zero point can be set. Should be through a common Potentiometer forced joint setting of amplitude zero value and amplitude height be undesirable, other appropriate circuits can of course be used instead use.

In Fig.4a to 4i is the one with an arrangement according to FIG. 1 and 3 show achievable improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. F i g. 4 a Figure 11 shows a train of square-wave pulses taking an input signal, i. H. represent a voltage curve is supposed to look like it should look without noise. Fig. 4b shows a noise voltage and F i g. 4c the mixture the noise voltage according to FIG. 4b with the signal according to FIG. 4 a. With the mixed signal according to FIG. 4 c the signal / noise ratio is 1.07. Immediate with such a signal is little or nothing to begin.

In Fig. 4d to 4i it is shown which curve shape is obtained when the mixture according to FIG. 4 c to repeat the arrangement according to Fig. 1 and 3 is given. Obviously, the picture is getting closer and closer to the original signal F i g. 4 a, the signal-to-noise ratio improves numerically as follows:

55

60

65

figure Number of runs relationship
Signal / noise 4c 1 1.07 4d 6th 4th 4e 16 5.3 4f 36 6.25 4g 64 9.5 4h 100 13.8 4i 130 14th

By choosing the number of passes accordingly, adequate signal-to-noise ratios can practically always be achieved reach.

In Fig. 5 is the interconnection of an arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and 3 with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer illustrated. To simplify the illustration, only those are directly related to the invention Arrangement of connected parts of the spectrometer shown and the rest omitted been.

A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer works in such a way that an excitation frequency on the test Object is given. This object is at the same time in a magnetic field whose strength is applied of a deflection current gradually from one initial value to another, usually higher value is changed towards. A deflection voltage integrator 40 is used to generate the deflection current Switching position of two relays 41 and 42 applied with a high or a low input voltage and accordingly a rapidly increasing search current or the slowly increasing one supplies normal deflection current to the deflection coil.

The measurement voltage from the spectrometer, i.e. the noisy signal, is supplied to a trigger 43, on the one hand with the start-stop circuit 44 of the spectrometer and on the other hand with the start relay of the tape device 11 is connected to the arrangement according to the invention. This latter connection runs over the switch of a counter relay 45, which this connection after a previously set Number of runs and puts the whole arrangement out of operation.

The start-stop circuit 44 is connected to the search voltage relay 41 and a tape displacement circuit 46 tied together. The deflection voltage relay 42 is with the circuit arrangement according to the invention according to FIG. 3 connected, in such a way that when the first pulse of a sampling cycle occurs this brings the relay 42 into the position in which the deflection voltage integrator 40 begins, the to send slowly increasing deflection voltage to the deflection coils.

In parallel with the relay 42 is the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 a time limit 47 that ensures that a relay 48 for resetting 250 seconds after the start of the deflection current rise of the deflection current is actuated to the initial value and at the same time the tape recorder U is stopped will. The value of the time limit, 250 seconds in the illustrated embodiment, is based according to the time in which the deflection current passes through the desired range, of course; corresponding taking into account the belt speed is also the length of the endless belt on the Tape device 11 sized.

At the beginning of the measurement, i.e. after the input of the pulse pairs that are independent of the measurement results on the tape device 11, a start switch 49 is closed, by which the start-stop circuit 44 is triggered. This actuates the relay 41, so that the input of the deflection voltage integrator with high voltage is applied and the steeply rising search current is supplied to the deflection coil will. Once a certain magnetic field has been reached, the spectrometer generates a reference signal, a very strong one Pulse, delivered as usual in normal spectrometer work, and this pulse is triggered by trigger 43

809 597 / 164-

supplied on the one hand to the start-stop circuit 44, so that the search voltage is switched off, and on the other hand to the start relay of the tape recorder 11, so that this starts. If the tape shift is used, the circuit arrangement 46 is closed put into operation at this point in time, so that the corresponding sideband of the frequency band is formed when the deflection current comes to the deflection coil. As soon as now from the now running tape device 11 the first pulse of the first pulse pair to the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 is delivered, Relay 42 ensures that the slow, normal increase in deflection current is delivered to the deflection coils and at the same time the time limit 47 begins to run. After the set time has elapsed, in illustrated embodiment 250 seconds, the reset relay 48 is actuated and at the same time the Stop relay of the tape device 11, so that the deflection current and thus the magnetic field to the initial value is returned and the tape device 11 stops. At the same time the counter relay 45 receives one Impulse that is subtracted from the set number of passes.

The start switch 49 is closed again, if necessary automatically, of course, and the described The process is repeated until the number of cycles set on the counter relay 45 is reached is done. Then, as already mentioned, the connection from the trigger to the start relay of the tape device is established 11 is opened so that the cycle can no longer start again, if necessary a The automatic system for actuating the start switch 49 is also switched off.

The pulse pairs stored in the tape device 11 are then transmitted in the manner described via the Circuit arrangement in Fig. 3 played and delivered to a registration device, where appropriate Amplitudes are recorded.

An example of an actual measurement with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer one by one ninety passes is shown in FIG. The lower curve shows the course of the immediately from Spectrometer obtained measurement voltage, and the upper curve shows without zero point correction that of the Noise component essentially freed measurement result. Obviously it is impossible to identify the individual resonance peaks, which can be clearly seen in the upper curve, and only approximately in the lower curve on the contrary, the structure of the lower curve leads to the assumption that at the Points at which resonance peaks are actually present, the measuring voltage does not change significantly differs from zero, while resonance peaks are in other places.

Claims (1)

Claims: 55 1. Procedure for releasing repeatable voltage curves from statistical disturbances (Noise), where the mean values of short sections of the voltage curve are several Runs are each stored in the form of pulses representing the value of the amplitude represent, and in which the sum of the stored amplitude values in a voltage curve is reconverted, characterized in that the pulses are pulse pairs each with an analogue proportional to the amplitude value Form a distance that the storage of the pulse pairs takes place in such a way that when the pulse pairs are saved for the first run and the distance for subsequent runs the already stored pulse pairs are increased by the distance between the newly formed ones, and that the conversion back into a voltage curve takes place in such a way that the pulse pairs converted into amplitudes with the distance corresponding to the sum of the amplitude values in the individual runs and these are registered in context. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conversion of the amplitudes into pulse pairs by comparing the amplitude with a linearly increasing voltage, the increase of which takes place begins when the pulse marking the beginning of an amplitude occurs, characterized in that that the pulses with each pass by a constant amount compared to the previous one Recording staggered and recorded the amplitudes and / or the linear increasing voltage is given such a constant bias that the linearly increasing The voltage only reaches the amplitude value zero after a time corresponding to the constant amount achieved. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulse pairs at each Be recorded on a different track of a multi-track recording medium, in the case of a two-track record carrier, alternately on one or the other track. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the beginning of the an amplitude or amplitude sum corresponding pulse pair marking pulse in an is known to be a double pulse with a constant distance. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the first pulse of the double pulse triggers a monostable multivibrator (monoflop) whose time constant is greater is common as the distance of the double pulse, the second pulse of the double pulse With the impulse from the monoflop, a bistable multivibrator (flip-flop) is in a certain operating position flips or holds in this and each trailing edge of the pulse from the monoflop moves the flip-flop into the other operating position tilts. 6. The method according to claim 2 and 5, characterized in that the flip-flop when tilting back in the specific operating position triggers the increase in the equivalent voltage. 7. Arrangement for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 6 with a Registration device, a converter for converting the amplitudes into pulse pairs, a Memory for the pulse pairs and a converter for reconverting the stored pulse pairs into a voltage curve, characterized in that the converter for conversion of the amplitudes in pulse pairs in a manner known per se is a comparison circuit which if the amplitude equals a linearly increasing voltage, a trigger is released which supplies the second pulse of a pulse pair to the memory. 10 8. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the memory in per se known Way is an endless, possibly multiple tracks having magnetic tape. 9. Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that an oscillator is provided which determines the beginning of each amplitude sample in the first pass and the supplies the corresponding first pulse of a pair of pulses to the memory. 10. Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 9 for performing the method according to claim 2, characterized in that a delay circuit is connected in front of the memory and the trigger-memory connection bridges this. 11. Arrangement according to claim 10 for performing the method according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that there is a monoflop between the memory and the delay circuit, the one Double pulse delivers. 12. Arrangement according to claim 11 for performing the method according to claim 6, da- characterized in that there is a monoflop at the memory output, the time constant of which is greater is than the distance of the double pulse, one output of which connects to both inputs of a flip-flop and whose other output is connected to an input of an AND gate, whose other input with the memory output and its output with the input of the flip-flop is connected, which when applied with a pulse the flip-flop in the operating position tilts or holds in this, in which a connected to this sawtooth generator with linear Rise is emitted, and that the sawtooth generator to one side of the comparison circuit connected. Considered publications:
"L'Onde Electrique", October 1961, pp. 783 to 794; Meinke - Gundlach, "Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik", 1st edition, Berlin — Göttingen — Heidelberg 1956, pp. 1100 to 1102. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 809 597/164 8.68 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin