DE1268947B - Process for the removal of the seed skin from native or defatted soybeans by enzymatic degradation by means of cellulase-producing microorganisms - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

German class:

Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:

A231

C12d

53 k -2/02
6 a-22/04

1,268,947
P 12 68 947.3-41
February 20, 1962
May 22, 1968

The present invention relates to a method for removing the membranous membranes from native or defatted soybeans by enzymatic degradation without changing the bean substance. The procedure is characterized in that the soybeans are treated with an aqueous solution, which contains the enzymes formed during the cultivation of cellulase-producing microorganisms, and the seed membrane is then removed.

From US Pat. No. 669 726 it is known to free beans from their casing in that they are preferably soaked in cold water. The shell absorbs water and can be then gently rub off the core mechanically.

Native soybeans are known to taste bad and are poisonous. According to the US patent 1509 076 described method succeeds by brief, 10 to 12 minute treatment of the Soybeans using saturated steam to turn the soybeans into an edible product. The treatment must be done briefly, and the soybeans should only absorb very little water, so that the Albuime are not attacked. The steamed and dried soybeans can be free from their shell by mechanical rubbing.

Finally, it is known from US Pat. No. 2,795,502 to produce edible soybeans by that one ripe, optionally crushed soybeans in an ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate containing aqueous solution soak for about 10 hours at room temperature. Due to the in the The enzymes present in soybeans result in an enzymatic breakdown of the bean constituents. Preferably this fermentation is done by adding yeast and enzyme preparations from Aspergillus oryzae, which develop a proteolytic effect, intensified. After soaking, you can put the pods through remove mechanical abrasion from the cores.

The cellulase-producing microorganisms suitable for the process according to the invention are z. B. Trichoderma, Myrothecia, Penicillia, Aspergilli and Actinomycetes. The by these microorganisms Cellulase produced has the ability to act on cellulose and the latter to polysaccharides and break down glucose. The cellulase is mostly effective in weakly acidic areas.

The process according to the invention is preferably carried out in the optimum pH range between approximately 3.5 and 6.5 and at a temperature between 25 and 60 ° C. for 2 to 24 hours. In addition to the cellulase, a method for removing the seed membrane is preferably used at the same time
of native or defatted soybeans
enzymatic degradation by means of cellulase
producing microorganisms

Applicant:

Kinki Yakult Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha,

Takarazuka-shi;

Meiji Seika Kaisha, Limited, Tokyo (Japan)

Representative:

Dr. E, Jung and Dr. V. Vossius, patent attorneys,

8000 Munich 23, Siegesstr. 26th

Named as inventor:

Nobuo Toyama, Miyazaki-ken (Japan)

Claimed priority:
Japan February 23, 1961 (6384),
dated June 2, 1961 (19 587)

Pectinase is used, which breaks down the pectin contained in the membrane of the soybeans.

The method according to the invention is carried out as follows:

Cellulase-forming microorganisms are usually grown in a solid or liquid nutrient medium grown to produce cellulase. As a source of enzymes for the treatment of soybeans either an aqueous extract containing cellulase or the filtrate of a fermentation mash or an enzyme solution is used, in which the cellulase, if necessary, with the addition of ammonium sulfate, ethanol or acetone has been concentrated in the usual way, or a solution which can be obtained by dissolving the separated and purified cellulase in an aqueous buffer solution or a solution of an organic or inorganic salt.

Before using the treatment solution obtained in the manner described above, the pH is preferably adjusted to 3.5 to 6.5. Raw soybeans, air-dried soybeans or defatted soybeans are then soaked in the treatment solution in such an amount that even then supernatant solution is still present after the soybean absorbs part of it are swollen in the solution. If necessary, can

809 550/413

you also add an antiseptic to the solution.

After soaking, the soybeans are washed with water and shaken. This dissolve the seed membrane consisting of a thicker outer layer and a very thin inner layer very easily from the cores. The kernels are then dried.

According to the process according to the invention, soybeans of high quality are obtained as the end product, which contain much smaller amounts of seed membranes than those products that are known to contain Methods received. The fact that the native or defatted soybeans in an enzyme solution Must be soaked, resulting in a drying stage of the protein-containing soybeans after removal of the seed membrane, could be a disadvantage of the method of operation according to the invention in comparison with the mechanical method. Since, however, the membrane of seeds the new way of working can be removed practically completely without mechanical rubbing and for A step is also added to achieve a corresponding effect with the mechanical method would have to be, in which the beans are treated with the help of an enzyme solution, means the invention because of the one-step treatment, but a significant technical advance.

Experiments have shown that soaking soybeans in 40 ° C water for 24 hours or a buffer solution of pH 4 without cellulase, remove the seminal membranes only by mechanical rubbing could be replaced. It follows that the enzymes contained in soybeans in the invention Procedure do not have a significant effect.

The examples illustrate the invention.

Example 1

1 kg of wheat bran was mixed with 800 ml of water and then steamed under normal Pressure sterilized for 30 minutes, after which the mass was allowed to cool to 30 ° C. She then became inoculated with 20 g of malt seeded by Trichoderma viridae, and this culture was kept at 30 ° C for 3 days bred. After the cultivation was completed, 5 liters of water were added to the fermentation mash and this was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour to extract the formed enzyme. By filtering the desired enzyme solution was obtained from the extract. The cellulase activity of the enzyme solution was 40 units / ml. The pH of the enzyme solution was adjusted to 4.0 by adding glacial acetic acid. In this solution, 1 kg of raw soybeans were soaked and treated in it for 24 hours Temperature of about 40 ° C. The soybeans were then removed from the enzyme solution and washed with water, the membrane of seeds easily peeling off. After drying, the Yield of soybeans 0.9 kg.

Example 2

550 g of ammonium sulfate were added to 11 of the enzyme solution contained in Example 1. Of the The precipitate which formed was filtered off and dried at a temperature below 40.degree. the The activity of this dried enzyme was 4000 units / g. 50 g of the dried enzyme were added then dissolved in an acetate buffer solution with a pH of 4.0. With this solution the membranes of soybeans were removed according to Example 1.

Example 3

According to Example 1 was sterilized wheat bran with Penicillium no. 927 and incubated for 4 days at 3O ⁰ C. After the cultivation had ended, an enzyme solution was prepared from the fermentation mash in the manner described in Example 1. This solution was then adjusted to a cellulase activity of 40 units / ml by diluting it with water. Soybeans were treated with this diluted enzyme solution in the manner described in Example 1 and their seed membranes were removed.

Example 4

A dried enzyme preparation obtained according to Example 2 was dissolved in so much water that the cellulase activity of the solution was 40 units / ml. 200 g of defatted soybeans were soaked in 11 of this enzyme solution. The pH of the solution had previously been adjusted to 4.0 with glacial acetic acid. Was treated soybean with this enzyme solution for 24 hours at a temperature of 40 ⁰ C and washed with water then carefully. In this way, 160 g of soybean cake was obtained which practically no longer contained any pellicle.

Example 5

In the manner described in Example 1, a cellulase extract with an activity of 40 units / ml was prepared. 50 g of pectinase were added to this enzyme solution. When soybeans were treated with this solution in the manner described in Example 1 for 10 hours at a temperature of 40 ⁰ C, to obtain a practically free of Samenhäutchen final product.

Claims (3)

Patent claims: 1. Method for removing the membranous membrane from native or defatted soybeans by enzymatic degradation, characterized in that the soybeans are treated with an aqueous solution containing the in the Cultivation of cellulase-producing microorganisms contains enzymes formed and the membrane of seeds then removed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment with a cellulase-containing solution with a pH between 3.5 and 6.5 and at a temperature between 25 and 60 ° C is carried out for 2 to 24 hours. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in addition to the cellulase at the same time Pectinase is brought into action. Documents considered: U.S. Patents Nos. 669 726, 1509 076, 2795502. 809 550/413 5.68 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin