DE1266667B - Automatic measuring system for automatic recording, remote transmission and storage of several measured quantities, especially for meteorological and hydrological purposes - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:

G08c

German class: 74 b -8/05

D43097IXd / 74b
5th December 1963
April 18, 1968

The invention relates to an automatic measuring system for automatic detection, remote transmission and storage of several measured variables, in particular for meteorological and hydrological purposes Transmission in coded form using a coding disk for coding in binary values of the Measured values present in angular positions.

In the case of meteorological and hydrological measurements, there is usually the requirement to have several measurands on certain dates or continuously, possibly in different locations, to record the To transmit measured values over often quite large distances, to collect them at a control center and in to save a shape that enables rapid further processing. With the previous observation technique the measurements are carried out either by observers and the measurement results by telephone or via communication links forwarded by telex, or the measured variables are continuously registered, the measured values subsequently taken from the recording strips and the measurement results in tables or punch cards entered, which can be evaluated in central units. With the observation technique described Performing the measurement and evaluating the results requires a relatively high level of effort to observation and evaluation staff. The evaluation of the measurement results also requires much time. Given the abundance of measurement results to be expected in the future, an exact evaluation is essential Can hardly be reached in a reasonable time.

There is also known a telecommunication device for numerical information using a reflection code is working. There are seven transmission channels for the transmission of a two-digit measured value available. The measured values are displayed on the receiving side.

This system has the disadvantage that, despite a considerable effort, it only displays measured values. Therefore a manual evaluation is necessary here as well. There are still some arrangements known for the analog display of digital quantities that work with binary code. A remote transmission Over longer distances is not economically feasible with these facilities, because then for everyone A transmission channel would be required in place of the binary code.

The invention is based on the object of creating an automatic data transmission system, which enables a much faster and simpler evaluation of the measurement results will.

Automatic measuring system for automatic
Acquisition, remote transmission and storage
several measurands, especially for
meteorological and hydrological purposes

Applicant:

German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5

Named as inventor:

Dr. Werner Höhne, Berlin-Friedrichshagen;

Dipl.-Phys. Gerhard Gerth, Berlin-Karolinenhof

According to the invention, this is achieved in that the dual values of the measured values originally converted into angular positions using the coding disk are encoded in a cyclic progressive code with a cycle length of two decades, so that the dual values encoded in this way are in I ^ j code and this in turn with a known diode matrix is converted into teleprinter code, with the respective scanned measured value decimally encoded in teleprinter code pending at the output of this measured value coding circuit and electronically scanned by a program part that is controlled by a clock (T) and

1. the originally parallel teleprinter bits with the help of a further contact-free circuit, consisting of step-down circuits (U 2, U 3), diode matrices (Ml, M2, M 4, M5) and electronic switches (51, 52), with the addition of the start and converts stop pulses into teleprinter pulse trains and

2. the measuring point switching in the measuring device, the fixation of the measured values during the scanning and the control of the telex receiver by means of further reduction circuits (U 4, U 5), diode matrices (M 2, M 3) and electronic switches (53, 54, 55) and

3. In the case of continuous measurements, the time is displayed one or more times in each measurement cycle a time coding device directly in remote

809 539/257

Write code encoded and scanned using diode matrices (Ml, M5, M6, MT) and by pressing electronic switches (Sl, 52) in the time interval between two successive measured value transmissions, the time signals together with the permanently entered control signals for the telex receiver.

tion of the measurand are. However, it is also possible to convert measured variables directly into angular positions with mechanical measuring devices. The analog angular positions are shown in FIG. 1 converted into dual values by means of an analog-digital converter using a coding disk with cyclic-tetradic code and photoelectric scanning. In the following converters C ₂₁ ... C _{2n connected in} parallel, the cyclical

wisely converted into i ^ j code. These converters

In the event that the last digit is only recorded precisely to two 10 cliché-tetradically encrypted binary values decade or five units, instead of
of the cyclic-tetradic code accordingly

modified code can be used. the converters C ₃₁ ... <close each time

The system according to the invention has the advantage that the individual decade digits are shown in

that encrypt by using the cyclic-tetradic 15 writer code. At the outputs of

3Π ^an >

Codes with a contactless circuit the number of necessary components is reduced.

Another advantage is that the transmission of the measured values and the time information over a transmission channel takes place, with several different measuring points scanned one after the other and the Measured values are registered and stored at the receiving station with commercially available devices (teleprinters) can be.

The data is stored in a form that automates the evaluation through use of data processing systems makes possible.

The invention is to be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. It shows

F i g. 1 is a block diagram of an automatic measuring system with measured value coding device, time coding device and part of the program,

2a shows the structure of the cyclic-tetradic code, FIGS. 2b and 2c two modified code structures,

3 shows a coding disk with a code according to FIG. 2b,

F i g. 4 shows the circuit arrangement of _{a converter C 31 .. .C 3n} , the 5 · η teletype bits are applied in parallel, to which 5 · m further predetermined characters (e.g. for the symbol space) can be added.

The cyclical tetradic code was chosen for the analog-digital converter for the following reasons:

1. The use of a cyclic code has the advantage that the scanning is unambiguous because When changing from one digit to the next, the code character only changes in one place. Any continuous function of the analog measured variable can therefore also be digitally used represent.

2. The tetradic code has a decimal division, which is in contrast to purely binary codes further processing is considerably simplified if decimal numbers are required at the output are.

F i g. 2 a shows the structure of the known cyclic-tetradic code. While three digits of a tetrad are uniquely determined by the decimal digit, the value is complemented in the first digit (denoted by A -C ₂ according to Fig. 1 to convert the cyclic-tetra- 40 net) if the next-

,. ,, ..., t-> 1 ^ / in \, -ι j / c- higher tetrad of an odd decimal digit

the encrypted dual values in M "l code (for snricht

a decade), it is inexpedient to keep the measured values down to a

The unit of the last digit is to be scanned exactly (due to the transducers), but if a scanning accuracy of two or five units of the last digit is sufficient, a modified code can be used, as shown in FIGS. 2b and 2c. These codings also have the advantages mentioned above. The uniqueness is also determined here by the next higher decade. As an example, Fig. 3 shows a coding disk for 3-digit photoelectric scanning of the numbers 000 ... 398, in which the last digit is scanned with an accuracy of two units. The signals detected with photodiodes are first amplified and each control a flip-flop.
The implementation of cyclically-tetradically encrypted

Circuit of the matrix M6 from Fig. 1. 60 ^rarely ^ values in («J code is purely electrical

The in the F i g. 1 with the automatic measuring table shown in FIG. 4 specified circuit (for the system consists of the functional groups measured value coding device M, time coding device Z and
Program part P.

The various measured values are carried out by elec- 65 the matrix each carry fifteen currents while Irish transducer detected and with a grain one output is de-energized. These sixteen exits The compensation measuring device in angular position values represent two decades, which means that when four are executed, a linear or non-linear function an ambiguity occurs (cf. also

F i g. 5 selection switches for determining ambiguous outputs,

F i g. 6 an analog circuit for the modified code for scanning even digits, F i g. 7 shows the circuit arrangement of a converter

from p ^ J code to teleprinter code, FIG. 8 shows the circuit of that shown in FIG

Matrix Ml with the coaster U ₂ , FIG. 9 shows the circuit of the circuit shown in FIG

Matrix Ml with the coasters U ₃ and U ₄ and

the switch 51,

10 the circuit of the matrix M4 from FIG. 1, FIG. 11 the circuit of the matrix M5 from FIG. 1, FIG. 12 the circuit of the matrices M3 and U ₅ one decade). The inputs of the matrix are controlled by the trigger circuits of the converter described above. Of the sixteen exits

Fig.2a). Which of the two values in the ambiguous outputs is correct, is determined by the value of the digit in the next higher decade determined depending on whether it is even or odd. During the twelve distinct exits If inverters are connected downstream for signal reversal, the ambiguous outputs are sent to special selection switches (Fig. 5), which fulfilled the following switching algebraic relationships:

= X ₁ & x ₂

^ ₁ Vx.

₂ ,

where X ₁ denotes the output signal of the matrix and x _{2 is} a signal which is output by the converter circuit of the higher-order decade in the case of odd digits. From the inverters and selector switches of the converter circuit, which correspond to odd digits, signals are picked up directly at the collectors of the transistors via diodes, which control the selector switches in the next decade and thus ensure uniqueness.

A similar circuit for the modified code for scanning even digits is shown in FIG. 6th

At the converter from pJj code to teletype code it is, as FIG. 7 shows a simple diode matrix which is already known and therefore does not need to be described in more detail.

The measuring time encoded in teleprinter code is supplied by a time coding device Z. as With a view to accuracy, operational reliability and effort, the timer becomes a precision clockwork used with electric winding and power reserve.

Since time is a variable that changes uniformly, the conversion of the time values can be converted into Simplify teletype code by directly adding teletype code to two coding disks one containing the minute and the second the hour values in teletype code. In order to achieve uniqueness when scanning, the coding disks move here step by step in Minute or hour steps. The advancement of the minute coding disc is indicated by minute signals causes which are removed photoelectrically from the precision watch and therefore not mechanically burden. The advancement of the hour coding disc is controlled by the minute coding disc.

The uniqueness can also be achieved by having two parallel on each coding disk Sampling systems are used, which are switched with half the time step, so that in each case the scanning system is used which is certain to ensure uniqueness. At the output of the time encoder 5 x 4 teletypewriter bits are thus parallel for the time transmission, with others Teletype characters (e.g. carriage return, line change, switching to digits) for the control of the telex receiver can be added.

Part 3 of the program has the following tasks:

1. Conversion of parallel adjacent distance _g schreiberbits in pulse trains in accordance with applicable for Telegraph standards.

2. Control of the measuring process (measured value repetition frequency, fixation of the measured value during the Scanning, measuring point switching for multiple measurements).

3. Sampling of the time at the beginning of each measuring cycle between the transmission of two measured values and transmission of the control commands for the teletype receiver.

The programming device is shown in FIG. 1 controlled by a clock T of constant frequency. This is followed by the converter Ul , at the output of which a periodic and symmetrical square-wave pulse sequence with a pulse width of 20 ms is emitted. Another reducer U 2 lowers the pulse repetition frequency in the ratio 8: 1 and controls the following reducer £ 73.

The reduction ratio of U 3 is determined by the minimum duration of the adjustment process of the analog measuring device and the number of telegraph characters to be transmitted per measured value. In the present case it is 16: 1. The reduction ratio of the reducer £ 74 is determined by the required time sequence of the measured values and, if necessary, can be changed in stages using a switch (see Fig. 9).

The number of stages of the reducer US depends on the number of measured values to be recorded between two successive time scans.

In Fig. 8, the matrix Ml is shown with the associated coaster U 2 . The matrix Ml would, separately from the rest of the circuit, emit cyclically successive pulses of 20 ms duration one after the other at the six outputs, each cycle beginning with a pause of 40 ms. Starting with the initial state of the reducer £ 72, no signal is given to one of the six outputs in the first two switching states (40 ms). This period corresponds to the prolonged stop impulse of the teletype characters. This extended pulse does not need to be transmitted here because the transmitter relay in the transmitter has a normally closed contact and therefore emits current into the teleprinter line when it is not energized. After the 40 ms pulse, a pulse of 20 ms duration is delivered to each of the six outputs in sequence. These impulses reach the transmitter via an OR element.

9 shows the matrix M2 together with the associated scalers £ 73 and U 4. This circuit controls the entire process of sampling a measured value. Available at the outputs Al and A2 after completion of the setting in the measuring device a signal for the duration of the transmission of measured values to. In the present case, the setting process is ended after 1.92 seconds, and the duration of the measured value transmission is 640 ms. The switch 51 and the switch 53 are controlled by this signal. The signal via switch 51 releases the matrix M1 only during the scanning time, while the signal via switch 53 fixes the measured value during scanning. In the case of a measurement with several measuring points, the output A 3 actuates the measuring point switch 54 for a shorter period of time which lies within the duration of the sampling time. Since the measured value is fixed by A 2 and 53 during the entire sampling time, despite the measuring point

switching on the new measured value only after the end of the transmission.

U 4 contains a mechanical switch with several levels for setting different measured value times. In the one shown in FIG. Example 5 shown in FIG. 9, measurement times of 2.56, 5.12 and 10.24 seconds can be set. A further increase in the measured value time is possible by changing UA and Ml accordingly .

The matrix MA is from the output Al. the matrix Ml and controlled by the coaster t / 3 and defines the sequence of the teletype characters to be transmitted by sequentially assigning a signal to each of the (n + m) outputs of this matrix for the duration of a full teletype character (160 ms).

10 shows the circuit of the matrix for the case of a transmission of four teleprinter characters per measured value. A signal is applied to each of the four outputs for 160 ms one after the other. During this time, the signal at A 1 enables the matrix MA . This ensures that each output of MA is only acted upon once with a signal for each measurement transmission. The output signal is negated in each case.

The matrix M5 shown in FIG. 11 has the task of forwarding only one teletype character to the matrix Ml during the scanning time and of blocking the others. This process is effected by the signals coming from the outputs of the matrix MA. The matrix MS combines the 5 * (n + m) bits present at the output of the measured value coding device with the signals coming from the matrix MA. The signals present at the output of the measured value coding device are only forwarded by MS to Ml when the associated output from MA has a signal. This means that at the outputs of the matrix Ml the full teletype characters, to which start and stop pulses are added, no longer appear parallel to one another, but rather as a time sequence of teletype pulses. These are forwarded to the transmitting device and put into the telegraph line via a telegraph relay.

The open inputs of the FIG. 12 matrix M 3 shown are placed on the corresponding open outputs of the coasters t / 3 and UA. This matrix, which is controlled by the reducers t / 3, UA, US , has the task of sending a signal via switch 51 to matrix M1 and via switch 52 to matrices MS and M 6 after a full measuring cycle has elapsed . This signal determines the starting point and duration of the transmission of the transmitter characters for controlling the teletype receiver and the time digits.

The matrix M 6, which is released by the signal from the matrix M 3 via 52, emits successive signals with the duration of a teletype character and thus defines the sequence of the control characters and the sequence of digits in the time sampling. The teletype characters present at the outputs of the time coding device are linked together with the fixed control characters in the matrix Ml with the signals coming from M 6, which means that the individual telex characters are now passed on to MS one after the other from Ml , but with the five bits of each teleprinter character can be transmitted in parallel for the duration of the full character. The matrix MS is also controlled by the signal from the matrix M 3 via the switch 52, which forwards the set teleprinter character cycle coming from Ml only once for scanning to Ml. In Ml and in the transmitter, the process of scanning the time and control characters is carried out in the same way as for the measured value characters. The switch 51 and thus the matrix Ml is now not driven by M 2, but by M 3.

The transmission switch 55 connects to the last translator and is required when the The transmission of measured values does not take place with a continuous cycle, but with a switching process should be triggered. This switch also offers the option of changing the switching cycle of the program part with that of the measuring device in the case of multiple measurements.

At the receiver end, the teletype characters are recorded with a normal teletype receiver. You can write in tabular form with a chart recorder as well as in a Punched tape can be saved, with automatic further processing in the latter case the resulting data is possible with commercially available data processing systems.

Claims (3)

Patent claim: Automatic measuring system for the automatic acquisition, remote transmission and storage of several measured values, in particular for meteorological and hydrological purposes by transmission in coded form using a coding disk for coding in dual values of the measured values present in angular positions, characterized in that the dual values of the with the aid of the coding disk converted measured values originally present in angular positions are coded in a cyclic progressive code with a cycle length of two decades, so that the thus coded dual values are converted into p ^ j code and this in turn is converted into teletype code with a known diode matrix, the output of this measured value coding circuit being the respective sampled measured value is pending decimally encrypted in teleprinter code and is electronically sampled by a program part that is controlled by a clock (T) and 1. the originally parallel teleprinter bits with HiKe of a further contact-free circuit, consisting of step-down circuits (Ul, t / 3), diode matrices (Ml, M2, MA, MS) and electronic switches (51, 52) with the addition of the start and stop pulses in Teletype pulse trains converts and 2. the measuring point switchover in the measuring device, the fixing of the measured values during the scanning and the control of the telex receiver by means of further reduction circuits (UA, t / 5), diode matrices (M 2, M 3) and electronic switches (53, 54, 55) and 3. with continuous measurements in each measuring cycle one or more times the time on a Zeitcodieremrichtung scanned directly encrypted in teleprinter code and using Diodenmatnzen (Ml, M5, M6, Ml) and by actuating electronic switches (51, 52) in the time interval between two consecutive 10 the measured value transmissions, the time signals together with the permanently entered control signals transmits for the telex receiver. Considered publications: German Auslegeschrift No. 1051172, 867, 1062583, 1092 813, 1035 018. In addition 4 sheets of drawings 809 539/257 4.65 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin