DE1236574B - Method and device for monitoring pulse rates, in particular in telecommunications systems - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

H 03 k

German class: 21 al-36/22

Number: 1236 574

File number: St 23564 VIII a / 21 al

Filing date: March 24, 1965

Open date: March 16, 1967

The present invention relates to a method for monitoring pulse rates and to a device for carrying out the method, in particular in telecommunications systems.

In systems in which repetitive impulses for signaling and / or control purposes are used and where their temporal cadence (cycle) is important, the pulse rate (number and timing of the pulses delivered in a time unit) must be monitored will. As a specific example, the monitoring of clock pulses for the billing can be used here are considered in telecommunications systems, in which in a unit of time at different speeds the following, which co-determine the fee for the temporal and zonal use of the facilities Impulse controls the fee calculation bodies. The pulse train that makes up the various Pulse rates are taken, nowadays mostly come from an oscillator more appropriate to the purpose Design type. The oscillator pulses are then conveniently converted into binary levels by simple means as often squat as the desired impulse rates require. This creates the Steps corresponding pulse rates. The pulse clocks can be used individually or in combination with others form further pulse cycles. These latter are z. B. in telecommunications systems referred to as distribution clocks and contain those required for calculating the charges for a connection in the telecommunications system Information.

Since the accuracy of the pulse rates from reduction stages and distribution devices is important it must be monitored.

This is done according to the invention in that the step clock pulses and distribution clock pulses emitted by a step clock generator and a distribution clock generator are fed to a monitoring device, in which the frequency of the step clock pulses is determined after the formation of continuously continuous pulses by two devices and after a target pulse length has been determined by a third device with the help of a first delay circuit for exceeding or falling below the plus and minus tolerance limits is monitored that the length of the step clock pulses in a bridge circuit is compared with the target pulse length in the monitoring device, the output current of the bridge circuit is passed through an amplifier and a second delay circuit , by which the tolerance limits of the differences in the compared pulse lengths are determined that in the method and device for monitoring
of impulse rates, especially in
Telecommunication systems

Applicant:

International Standard Electric Corporation,

New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. Ciaessen, patent attorney,
Stuttgart W, Rotebühlstr. 70

Named as inventor:

Rolf Metzger, Thalwil;

Kevork Kevorkian, Zurich (Switzerland)

Claimed priority:

Switzerland of March 26, 1964 (4007)

the monitoring device the pulse numbers of the distribution clocks in a bridge circuit with corresponding Pulse values of the step contacts are compared and the output current of the bridge circuit by means of the amplifier and the second delay circuit delayed at tolerance limits is bound and that in the monitoring device also exceeding or falling below any of the specified tolerance limits with the help of an amplitude band lock the alarm and shutdown the generators and the monitoring device triggers.

The device for carrying out the method comprises an OR gate for assembly as devices a complete pulse train of the step clock pulses, a first monostable multivibrator to form a supplementary pulse to the step pulse group, a second monostable Multivibrator to produce the pulse length required for pulse length monitoring, bridge circuits for monitoring the pulse length and the groups of distributed clock pulses, first delay circuits for monitoring the frequency and the tolerances and also an amplitude band lock for switching on the alarm and switching off the device if the pulse length and Distribution cycle monitoring reports that the tolerances are exceeded.

709 519/503

3 4

The invention is described below on the basis of a continuity of the pulse train, a 32nd pulse EG

Embodiment for monitoring the clocks (supplementary pulse) are attached. The impulse

of impulses for the billing in remote EG is through a monostable multivibrator Mv

alarm systems formed with the help of the drawing and goes with the 31 assembled

explained. This shows in 5 basic clock pulses to an OR gate OT, which

Fig. 1 schematically shows a number of step clocks cyclically per unit of time (11.25 seconds) 32 im-

impulses, pulse emits. These latter come to one

Fig. 2 schematically different distribution clock monostable multivibrator Mvk, which only with positive

impulses, tive flanks of the incoming impulses

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the monitoring process, giving you the exact length of 110 msec

Direction for monitoring the step cycle and further to the delay circuit T l / T 2

Distributed clock pulse trains. mediated; this delay circuit includes one

Fig. 1 shows different from an oscillator capacitor, which is charged by the pulses by means of a corresponding number of coaster and pulse clocks derived between these up to a certain degree. These pulse cycles are 15 discharges. The output voltage moves as basic clock pulses (step clock pulses) to be viewed approximately according to a sawtooth diagram, namely th. In the example 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 appear between an upper and lower limit as long as pulses in the period of 11.25 seconds. The pulse frequency of 11.25 seconds corresponding to the limits forms the 16th part of the tolerance. If the frequency is lower, or if the average call is common in telecommunications systems, there are no pulses in the cadence, the call duration is less than 3 minutes (180 seconds). The amplitude of the output voltage is the lower limit. Basic clock pulses are used individually or if the frequency is higher than the nominal frequency or combined below, in order to make the distribution pulse clocks appear to deliver additional pulses in the time unit of, as FIG. 2 shows. The pulse edge falls for 11.25 seconds, then the output of each pulse of a basic cycle between two voltages exceeds the upper limit. If any of the pulse edges of the pulses (16) of the basic clock with both limits, due to an incorrect frequency of the highest pulse frequency. The number of causes in, exceeded or fallen below, so reacts a distribution clock occurring pulses serves in the remote amplitude band lock ABS and causes the Abmeldeamt to calculate a charge zone, in the case of a relay KR, which is normally energized after the pulses shown in the office by a 3 ° is. This triggers an alarm and the disconnection of the four-stage binary coasters on time from the device (both not shown).
180 seconds have been implemented. The monitoring of the pulse length is carried out by means of binary stepped pulse clocks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 which compare the 32 pulses sent by the OR-F i g. 1, after the gate OT via the point α at one input of FIG. 2, the distribution clocks derived have the following pulses: 2; 2 + 1 = 3; 4; 4 + 1 35 bridge circuit A , with the mono- = 5; 4 + 2 = 6; 4 + 2 + 1 = 7; 8 + 2 = 10; stable multivibrator Mvk over point b to the an-8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15; 16 + '4 = 20; 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 whose input is applied to the bridge circuit A + 1 = 31. According to this principle, in the example shown, 32 pulses, the duration of which (110 msec), are all distributed clocks with 2 to 31 Im-. Form the bridge circuit A with triodes T 9 pulses. 40 and Γ10 provides an output current if the im-

The pulses transmitted as step and distribution clock pulses ST and VT pulse lengths to them from gate OT and from the multivibrator of step and distribution generators SG, VG vibrator Mvk will be correct with regard to their frequency. Since this is practically generally the case, its length and its distribution in the period of time, the output current of the bridge circuit A fluctuates from 11.25 seconds through the device UV 45 at the rate of the pulse length differences that occur. (Fig. 3) monitored. The fluctuations move To a response of the amplitude bandstop ABS frequency or pulse length not certain because the smallest pulse length differences of the α points over ten boundaries or correct the rate of the distribution and b of the bridge circuit is not gelanimpulse, the apparatus UV causes constricting To prevent impulses, the output alarm and switches off the step clock generator SG, the 50 current after its amplification in an amplifier distribution clock generator VG and itself. Γ 6 in a delay circuit T in such a way

The frequency monitoring reports the excess or hesitates that the amplitude band too few pulses in the period under consideration via point d, block ABS only becomes effective if the pulse z. B. when doubling or halving the difference between the compared pulses ± 20% over the basic clock rate, etc. 55 paces. The work of this bandstop triggers again-

The monitoring of the pulse length reports pulses to the alarm and the shutdown.

the duration of which is outside the tolerance of The monitoring of the distribution clock pulses

± 20% fall. basically by comparing the through one

By monitoring the distribution cycle, the distribution cycle is reported on one side of the bridge shell, incorrect number of pulses of each distribution cycle sent to A or a bridge circuit B. Number of impulses for their control on the other

The continuous monitoring of the frequency of the side of the bridge circuit supplied requires a permanent, regular sequence of the correspondingly combined stepped clock pulses of the same pulse. For this purpose, the basic clocks ST number. If the two sides of the bridges in FIGS. 1 and 3 correspond simultaneously as pulses T1, T2, 65 to circuit A or B, the number of pulses supplied to the monitoring device, TA, Γ 8 and T16 , the output current of the bridge circuit UV is applied . They result in a unit of time of 11.25 Se- in such a way that after amplification of the same by the announce 31 impulses. This must be used to maintain the amplifier T 6 and its delay through the

Claims (3)

Delay circuit T the amplitude band lock ABS is not effective. If the number of comparison clock pulses is different from each of the step clock pulses, the output current of the bridge circuit can actuate the amplitude band lock after its amplification and delay, whereby the relay KR drops out and triggers the alarm as well as the shutdown of the device. If, for example, the distribution clock VT 7 of the distribution clock generator VG is monitored, 7 pulses (VT) reach the triode T10 of the bridge circuit / 1 via the corresponding connection terminals, the diodes Dl and resistors Wl. The corresponding step clock pulses ST required for comparison at the triode 9 of the bridge circuit originate from the step generator SG. The basic clocks T1, T1, TA with their 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 pulses are taken from this. These get through terminals, the diodes D and the resistors W to the mentioned triode Γ9. Agreement or disagreement of the pulse numbers considered produce the result already mentioned. From FIG. 3 it can be seen that the distribution clock pulses are supplied to the bridge circuits in groups. The combination of individual distribution cycles to form a group is to be made in such a way that the bridge circuits are practically not overloaded and the services applied to each side are equal. For example, it is assumed that a single step clock pulse may not hit the bridge circuit more than four times. It follows that there is z. B. is only permissible to allow up to four distribution cycles, which contain the step cycle Π, to act on the distribution cycle side of the bridge circuit. These four z. B. the lowest distribution bars would be 3 = 2 + 1; 5 = 4 + 1; 7 = 4 + 2 +1; 9 = 8 + 1. The step clock pulse Tl would then skip over one of the diodes D and four resistors W to the bridge circuit. These resistors W correspond to the four resistors Wl, via which the pulses of the distribution clocks VT3, VT5, VTl, VT9 reach the other side of the bridge circuit. This fact must be taken into account when grouping the distribution cycles for the bridge circuits. 4-5 The monitoring device (UV) has connection terminals for the step and distribution clock pulses, for the battery and alarm connections and for manual test facilities (not shown). The monostable multivibrator Mv forms the 32nd pulse from the supplementary pulse EG, which is channeled with the 31 further pulses X1 to T16 through the OR gate OT equipped with transistors. The following monostable multivibrator Mvk, which has two transistors, diodes and resistors (not shown), gives the 32 pulses it receives a duration of 110 msec each. The similar bridge circuits A and B contain triodes Γ9, Γ10 and Γ3, Γ4 (transistors), resistors and diodes (not shown). The task of this circuit is to monitor the pulse length and the distribution clocks, as already described. A capacitor forms the main element of the delay circuit TIT 2, which monitors the frequency of the pulses limited to 110 msec by the monostable multivibrator. An amplifier T 6 amplifies the currents supplied by the bridge circuits, and the delay device, which is provided with a capacitor and resistors (not shown), determines the time tolerances; The amplitude band lock, appropriately assembled from triodes, diodes and resistors (not shown), causes the alarm AL and the triggering (not shown) of the device and the generators when the relay KR drops out at values that exceed the tolerances described. It is clear that the method and the device, outside of the example described above, are suitable for monitoring the frequency, the pulse length and the number of pulses per time span of other pulse series or pulse rates. Patent claims: 1. A method for monitoring pulse rates, in particular in telecommunications systems, characterized in that the step clock pulses (ST) and distribution clock pulses (VT) emitted by a step clock generator (SG) and a distribution clock generator (VG) are supplied to a monitoring device (UV) in that the frequency of the step clock pulses after the formation of continuously progressing pulses by two devices (MV, OT) and after the specification of a target pulse length by a third device (Mvk) with the help of a first delay circuit (Tl, Tl) for exceeding or falling below plus and negative tolerance limits are monitored that the length of the step clock pulses (ST) in a bridge circuit (A) is compared with the target pulse length in the monitoring device, the output current of the bridge circuit being passed through an amplifier (Γ6) and a second delay circuit (T) which are the tolerance limits of the differences in the compared pulse lengths In the monitoring device, the pulse numbers of the distribution clocks (VT) in a bridge circuit (A, B) are compared with the corresponding pulse numbers (ST) of the step clocks and the output current of the bridge circuit is compared by means of the amplifier (Γ 6) and the second delay circuit ( T) is delayed tied to tolerance limits and that in the monitoring device exceeding or falling below any of the tolerance limits mentioned triggers the alarm (AL) and the shutdown of the generators and the monitoring device with the aid of an amplitude band lock (ABS). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a supplementary pulse (EG) received by the first device (Mv), shaped and to supplement the pulses given by the addition of the step clock pulses to the second device (OT) to form a uniform, continuous pulse train also reaches the second device, which forwards the pulse train to the third device and to a bridge circuit (A) . 3. The method according spoke 2, characterized in that said uniform,