DE1223879B - Arrangement with magnetic storage elements for coders and decoders in pulse code modulation systems - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

H 03 k

German class: 21 al - 36/12

Number: 1223 879

File number: J16681 VIII a / 21 al

Filing date: July 2, 1959

Opening day: September 1, 1966

For the construction of coders in pulse code modulation systems has already been proposed for Use evaluation and storage of magnetic cores (German patent specification 1164 472). In which There proposed PCM coder is a certain number of magnetic cores by different sizes Ampere-turn numbers are biased and form those assigned to the desired quantization levels Quantization or coding kernels. Accordingly, the number of ampere turns increases with the Quantization levels in the order of the magnetic cores. The continuous analog signal to be encoded is used to adjust the bias in the quantization kernel that corresponds to the instantaneous value of the coding signal corresponds to making exactly zero. A further applied scanning pulse enables it then to flip this core, and only this core, so that it has the associated code character in generated by the digit winding.

Corresponding windings of the individual quantization cores are connected in series. In connection the scanning pulse must be followed by a back-flip pulse. Its amplitude must be because of the scattering The coercive force of the nuclei must be so great that it is certain that every nucleus is in its initial state tilts back. At the same time, the number pulses of the individual nuclei appear, which together make up the Form code group, in parallel at the outputs of the digit windings.

In general, however, the transmission of the elements of a code group takes place in time division multiplex, see above that a conversion of the parallel representation into the serial representation must be carried out.

Here the difficulty arises that the nucleus that is to be read passes through the nucleus, who has tipped it into its current state, is "burdened", which, however, means nothing other than that it can influence this core in an undesirable manner. This one such influencing however, the underlying cores are the quantization cores, the windings of which are in series.

Now it would hardly be a problem if the reading of a nucleus only had an influence on the or of the kernel (s) assigned to it, since their task is basically fulfilled. The influencing but also threatens all other quantization cores lying in series, their result should be queried later (series reading). In these cases the influence can lead to a Destruction or influence of the code elements to be read.

It is therefore clear that a safe and fault-free

Arrangement with magnetic storage elements for encoders and decoders in pulse code modulation systems

Applicant:

International Standard Electric Corporation,

New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. Ciaessen, patent attorney,

Stuttgart W, Rotebühlstr. 70

Named as inventor:

Arthur Edward Brewster, London

Claimed priority:

Great Britain July 3, 1958 (21295)

free work of parallel series implementation is not guaranteed.

An Wang (Magnetic Delayline Storage, Proc. IRE, April 1951) who suggested placing a diode in the transmission winding between cores in order to to prevent backward influencing of the type described above. In the present application however, this measure entails an excessive increase in the impedance.

Another suggestion (L.A. Russell, Diodeless Magnetic Core Logical Circuits, IBM Research Center; Research Report RC 2 dated March 19, 1957) replaces the diode with another, precisely biased one Magnetic core. In this case, however, an additional tilting pulse is necessary.

The invention is based on the object of providing an arrangement for non-reactive writing and reading of binary digits in magnetic storage elements with a substantially rectangular hysteresis loop, that can alternate between two different states of saturation to build up of encoders and decoders in pulse code modulation systems that simplify and Increases operational safety. This is achieved according to the invention in that a feed

609 658/371

3 4

core, a (storage and) output core and an intersection of the windings with the magnetic reading core are provided, which each have a correspondence core extending vertical lines 4 and 5 The wound input winding carries that of the lines that connect to the winding storage core an outlets 2 and 3 wound in the same direction are connected in series. The winding carries and the starting core and the 5 lung. 2 is “forward” and winding 3 is “backward reading core an outwardly wound direction «. wound so that one in the line 4 after winding as well as the. Output core one in opposite directions below or in the line 5 flowing upwards wound bias winding, that the current in the core 1 a from left to right - Output winding of the storage core, the input as indicated by the arrow - flowing flux output winding of the output core and causes the output. One in line-4 from bottom to top The winding of the reading core lies in a loop or in the line 5 from top to bottom, that the binary digits through a rectifier fender current calls a river opposite Richan the input winding of the storage core emerges. The one shown in Fig. 1 as a rod and the input winding of the Ab-core is preferably a toroidal core in der.Praxis, read core the reading pulses that the bias 15 be.

for the output core above the mentioned equal An embodiment of the invention is removed in judge and the bias winding Fig. 2 is shown. It contains three magnetic cores 6, 7, which are fed via a further rectifier, and 8, which in the following are referred to as storage core, reading core, which are so polarized and output core relative to the first-mentioned rectifier. The memory is that the opening of one rectifier causes the core 6 carries one input winding 9 and the other to be locked out, and vice versa, and the output winding 10, both of which are "forward" wound, that the material of all cores are their geometric. The reading core 7 has a "forward" gewik dimension and the number of turns of the Auskelte input winding 11 and a "backward" gear winding of the storage core and the wound output winding 12. The output core 8 reading core and the input winding of the output 25 carries a "forward" wound input winding are dimensioned so that when the 13 is reversed, a "backwards" wound bias winding saturation states of the storage core or 14 and a likewise "backwards" wound readout core through the input winding 15. A storage pulse source 16 is applied Binary digit or by the reading with the winding 9 and a reading pulse source 17 pulse a pulse is emitted whose. Span 30 connected to winding 11. These sources, the voltage-time product straight, and just straight - the windings 9 and 11 with the currents I ₅ and I _{R are} sufficient to feed the saturation state of the output core, should reverse as high an internal reverse as possible. .. have stood. As explained in more detail below

According to a further development of the invention, in the will have the currents / _s and I _R at the beginning

Circle of the opposite 35 negative sign to its input winding, so that both cores 6 and 7

Output winding of the output core is a constant through a flux running from right to left

arranged judge, which is polarized so that only be magnetically biased. The windings 10,

Reading an output pulse to the output terminals 12 and 13 are connected to a closed loop

men arrives. tied so that one clockwise in this one

In the following the invention is based on the 40 loop current passing through the windings

Drawings explained in more detail. It shows 12 and 10 from the bottom up and through the

1 shows a diagram to explain the flow in the winding 13 from top to bottom. The pre

Fig. 2 used representation of cores and tension winding 14 is with the winding9 of the storage

Windings, core 6 through a rectifier 18 in series

2 shows the schematic circuit diagram of an arrangement 45 switched. The rectifier is directed so that he

tion for saving the information values from one through the winding 14 from top to bottom

a magnetic memory according to the invention, flowing current / _s only passes when it

Fig. 3 has diagrams for explaining the working negative sign. Thus, if / _{s is} positive

way of the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2 and. is tive, the current from the source 16 through the winding

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an encoder 50, 9 and rectifier 19. If / _{s is} negative, using the invention. However, if it flows from the source 16 through the windings of the arrangement according to the invention are called the development 9, the rectifier 18 and the winding 14. Storage elements Cores made of ferrite or a similar material - 22 connected to the output terminals 20 and 21, steresis loop, which assume two saturation states. As can be seen from FIG. The cores can have the value -I _{1 through storage current / s} and the reading current currents or impulses in Ir applied to them the value - 1 ₂ . Thus, as has already been said, the windings are switched from a saturation state to the two cores 6 and 7 to about another. In order to simplify the circuit diagram point 23 on the lower branch of the hysteresis loop, a magnetic core is magnetically preloaded by a 60 (FIG. 4). Since the rectifier 18 conducts with this Vorkrafte, generally horizontal line and the signs of / _s and I _R and windings on them by short, inclined lines, the rectifier 19 is blocked, the core 8 is the same direction of inclination recognize the winding sense if on one preloaded at the same point. For lets, shown. So the one shown in Fig. 1 carries. Point in time ^ (Fig. 3) occurs due to the change in core 1, a line indicated by a short line I ₈ from -I ₁ to + I _1, indicated by a short line and a binary digit. As a result, the further saturation is shown by a state of the core 6 inclined to the top to the right at a point 24 on your line 3. The winding 3 through the upper branch of the hysteresis loop (Fig. 4) is reversed.

5 6

switches. Due to the sudden change in flux, an EMF is induced in the winding 10, which is shifted by 90 ° relative to one another, which are one. In this case, the times t _x produce a current pulse Z ₁ , which is then the same distance from one another _{from top to i 4,}
flows through the winding 13 below. However, since the in the above with reference to FIG. Time described 3 t _x, the sign of the current 7 _S 5 case, the binary number at the time t _v when changes, and thereby the rectifier 19 open the storage current of -I ₁ on + I ₁ changes, stored and the rectifier 18 blocked, diminishes and read again when the reading detects the magnetic bias voltage in the core 8. It changes from -I ₂ to + I _{2 when the current is applied.} At the points in time, however, there is a, through point 25 r ₃ and t _i , the circuit is brought back to its normal marked remanence state on the branch of the io state, so that further binary digits are stored hysteresis loop and will therefore be saved by the current can. In practice, the pulse Z ₁ too must appear in a form of a current reversal identified by point 26 on the binary digit storing above, but not necessarily in the ren branch of the hysteresis loop. You can z. B. Switched retentive state. This change in flux, also represented by short unipolar pulses, induces an EMF in the output winding 15; 15 den. The person skilled in the art is readily able to do so, but the rectifier 22 is directed in such a way that switching means are provided which are then produced from short pulses by no current pulse. Derive these square-wave pulses as shown in FIG. 3-digit pulse is thus placed in the output winding 8. According to the above, it can be saved. Around him t at a later stage ₂ then view the current pulse Z ₁ as a binary digit, herauszulesen again, the current I _R of the ao is It should be noted that in the circuit source 17 reversed by -I ₂ on + I ₂ . Since the Wick- arrangement (Fig. 2) of the Ablesekern 7 is backward wound "on a lung 12" in her a point 23 which is (F i g. 4) is biased when the off-current pulse i ₂ generates, by the winding 13, the output core 8 flows through the storage core 6 and the remanence state of the core 8 is dated. The core 7 is thus switched to a ZuPunkt 26 in the point 25 (Fig. 4). The 25 stood, in which it represents _{no significant resistance for the storage current pulse I 1} due to the EMF induced in the winding 15. Also this time the opposite sign, so that the memory core 6 is in a state, rectifier 22 is open and at terminals 20 in which there is no nominal and 21 output pulse _{for the reading current pulse Z 2.} represents significant resistance. From this it follows

At time t ₃ (FIG. 3) the memory changes that the core, which is currently negative, the output shear current 7 _S again to the value -I ₁ . As a result, the winding of the core, which turns on the output core in the loop (windings 10, 12 and 14), is not loaded.

Current pulse -Z ₁ caused and the output- Another advantage of the circuit arrangement according to

core 8 from point 25 to point 23 (Fig. 4) Fig. 2 results from the suitable choice of the wind

negatively biased. The current pulse Z ₁ thus has 35 number of turns of the winding 13. The

EMF induced on the output core 8 and the reading core 7 of the core 6 in the winding 10

nen influence; on the core7 because it is e _x = η _χ · άΦ-Jdt, in which H _{1 is} the number of turns

is biased to point 24 (Fig. 4). Closing the winding 10 and άΦ after dt is the change

Lich changes at time t _t (FIG. 3) the current speed of the magnetic flux in the core 6.

IH of read current source 17 from + I ₂ to -I ₂ . 40 Since the total change in flux is reduced to a value Φ _α

If a current pulse - i _{2 is} limited in the loop, the value e _{± occurs} only for a short time I ₁

preceded, which however does not appear on the memory core 6 and then quickly drops to zero. The current Z ₁

Has influence, since this core rises to a point 23 until the core 8 is switched over and one

(Fig. 4) is biased. This current pulse would be induced back EMF e ₂ , the e _{x in the} opposite direction.

however, switch the output core 8 again, 45 is switched and the current Z _{1 is} limited. Then

if not the storage _{current 7 S} (with negative e ₂ = n ₂ ■ άΦ ₂ / άί, where n _{2 is} the number of turns of the

Sign) through the bias winding 14, winding 13 flows, and άΦ ₂ / άί is the rate of change

would. This bias current is determined according to the strength of the magnetic flux in the core 8. The

Invention provided in order to prevent that the entire flow change is again to a value Φ ₆

Output core 8 is switched over when the reading 50 is limited, and e ₂ occurs only for a time i ₂ . if

core 7 at time t _t in its normal saturation t _{2 is} smaller than t _v, then Z ₁ can vary over a value

state is switched back. increase, which is necessary to switch the core 8.

It should be pointed out that this excess is ineffective and disturbs the distances

of the individual points in time Z ₁ to i ₄ generally only. The best and most effective arrangement results

there are no conditions to be set. It is special when t _x - t _{2 is} made, ie, U ₁ Φ _α must

In other cases, however, it is preferable to use the distances between- = n ₂ Φ _ΰ . Cores 6 and 8 consist of the

see these times to choose the same. The same material, then Φ _α = Φ _ύ , and that's just

Storage and reading currents 7 _S and 1 _R are the condition mentioned in FIG. 3, simplifies from H ₁ to n _r

has been represented as square-wave pulses. If you adhere to this condition all through that

however, not tied to this form. In this way, energy generated 60 switching the core can be

z. B. sine waves are arranged so that the switch of the core 8 consumed. It follows that

Points in time ^ ₁ to i ₄ due to their zero crossings affect the winding 12 on the reading core 7 the same

become true. In this case, the sine waves should have the same number of turns as the windings 10 and 13

however, have sufficient amplitude to be intended, assuming that all nuclei are from the

to ensure that the flux changes in the cores 65 are built up of the same material,

happens as quickly as possible at these times. The use of the arrangement according to FIG. 2

If sine waves are used, it is preferable to set up a coder for the pulse code module

draw, storage and reading currents 7 _S and 7 ^ to tion (PCM) is shown in FIG. 5. It is a coder here

7 8

for the PCM shown in simplified form, corresponds to the level m-1. The winding 34 then has

to be able to describe the way of working more easily. m turns (or the same multiple thereof)

In this figure, the same parts have the same winding and the winding 35 m-1 turns (or that

drawing as in Fig. 2 obtained. This arrangement is equal to multiples thereof).

contains a storage core 6 (also as sampling core 5) Let the signal amplitude be at the moment of sampling

to be designated), a reading core 7 and an output so that the core through the applied signal and the

gear core 8 like that in FIG. 2 Anord- bias voltage shown a state corresponding to the

tion. The point 42 containing the windings 10, 12 and 13 occupies the lower branch between

However, circle is now divided into two circles, which is actually H _c and H _c -H _q . But then he takes

are coupled via the coding cores of the coder. It io core 28 a state which is indicated by the point 43

only two coding cores 27 and 28 are shown here. is marked between H ₀ -H ₁₁ and H ₀ -IH ₉ .

The coder is controlled by a scanning source 29 with the scanning begins with the positive half-high internal resistance, which is the two wave of the current I ₃ (corresponding to J ₁ in Fi g. 3). Sources 16 and 17 of FIG. 2 correspond. _{A sinusoidal current 7 S is} switched from this through the positive current of the storage source to the conductors 6, and a current pulse z ₃ is sent from the winding 30 and another sinusoidal current I _R to 10 to the in Series connected the line 31 delivered. These two currents have delivered windings 32 and 33. By this - as with the arrangement according to FIG. 2 - current pulse, the magnetizing field changes a phase shift of 90 ° among each other. The strength, ie, in FIG. 4, the points 42 frequency of these currents corresponds to the desired ao and 43 are shifted to the right. As already mentioned, the encoder's sampling frequency. The negative half the current increases to Z ₃ switches to the core 27, the waves. ..Stromes / _s flow through the coil 9 when the point 42 the bottom right corner derHysteden rectifier 18 and the winding 14 (as achieved in resiskurve If the windings 10 and 32 Fig. 2), while the positive half-waves through the have the same number of turns, the entire winding 9 and the rectifier 19 flow, so 25 pulse energy for switching the core 27 is destroyed via the winding 14. The Current I _R flows as needed, and the core 28 can no longer be switched around in Fig. 2 via the winding 11 of the reading core 7, since there is no longer any energy

The coding cores 27 and 28 have scanning windings. At the end of the pulse z ₃ , the core 27 remains gene 32, 33 and bias windings 34, 35, which are in a state as indicated by point 44 on "forward" and signal windings 36, 30 the upper branch of the hysteresis curve . 37 that are wound "backwards". Each core has The sensing windings of the other coding cores one or more digit windings, which with one (not shown) lie in series with the winding Λ-digit code in series with η digit lines 32 and 33, but none of these cores can be connected . The distribution of the digit windings can be switched, since the cores that precede the cores depends on the selected binary code. 35 voltage less than m-1 , magnetically so. One of these digit windings is biased as "forward" that they are attached to the upper branch of the windings on the core 27 and lie with 38 b Hysteresis curve, and the cores that a pre-drawn. This winding is in series in the digit voltage greater than m , so are biased, line 39. The core 28 has no digit winding in that they are to the left of point 43,
the digit line 39. Both cores can, however, 40. By switching the core 27, a current pulse Z _{1 is} generated on the still further digit windings line 39, not shown, which has the one that switches in series with others, also not shown, core 8, as it is already on the basis of the Fi g. 2 digit lines provided. Also in the paragraph was explained.

line 39 can have other, not shown, since the currents / _s and I _R against one another

Number windings of other 45, not shown, have a phase shift of 90 °, the

Coding cores. The sense windings 32 and 7 read core at this time by the current I _R a

33 are in series with the output winding 10 of the negative bias voltage so that it does not switch

Storage core 6. The digit line 39 is in and is not a burden for the im-

Row with the windings 12 and 13 of the reading pulse Z ₁ represents.

kernes 7 and the output core 8. The bias 50 When the positive half-wave of the current I ₁ ^ benungswicklungen34 and 35 of the cores27 and 28 starts (corresponding to t ₂ in Fig pulse z ₂ generated, which emits the core 8 back into the positive current. The first state is switched to the signal windings 36, and an output pulse is obtained from the source 41, the Si connections 20, 21 to be coded, as already applied to the signal. It is always a question of 55 on the basis of FIG. 2 explains
positive signal. The windings 32 and 36 have the pulse current Z ₂ flows through the winding 38 the same number of turns as the windings 33 and the coding core 27, which then generates a pulse z ' ₄ in 37, while the number of turns in the preloaders the windings 10, 32 and 33 containing windings are different. Through the Si circuit through transformer coupling between the signal current and the bias current, the windings 38 and 32 of the core 27 are generated, and opposing fluxes are generated in the cores. Because at this point the core through the positive

The arrangement is designed so that the stage half-wave of the current / _{s is} biased, which represents

there is a negligible resistance between adjacent two amplitude levels of winding 10

corresponds to a magnetic field H _q , which is smaller in the loop. Since also the loop resistance

than 2 H ₀ , where H _{0 is} the coercive value of the magneti- 65 negligible, the resistance of the winding

s material is (Fig. 4). To describe the development 38 for the current pulse, _{Z 2 is} also neglected.

The mode of operation is now assumed to be that the core is permeable and hinders switching of the core 8

27 an amplitude level m and the core 28 does not. ■

Since the winding 32 is practically short-circuited by the loop, the flux in the core 27 cannot be changed by the current pulse i _2. The current Z ₄ cannot become large during this time either. It can be seen from this that none of the coding cores is influenced by the control of the core 7 at this time.

When the negative half-wave of the current 7 _S begins (corresponding to ^ in Fig. 3), a pulse - z _{s is applied} to the winding of the core 27, which is then switched again (from state 44 to state 42).

At the beginning of the negative half-wave of the current I _R (corresponding to i ₄ in FIG. 3), the reading core 7 is switched to the first state without affecting the core 8, since it has a negative bias through the winding 14 due to the current J ₅ .

In the case of a complete coder, one has a storage or sampling core 6, the winding 10 of which is connected to the sampling windings (e.g. 32) of all the coding cores. Furthermore, η has separate digit lines (e.g. 39), each of which has a reading core 7 and an output & ern 8. The output windings 15 of the η output cores 8 are connected in series. By appropriate selection of biases it can be achieved that the η reading cores 7 are tilted one after the other by the current / ^.

The arrangement described in Fig. 5 is only used to explain how the formation of coders are carried out using the invention can, but is not itself the subject of the present invention.

Claims (2)

Claims: 35 1. "Arrangement for the reaction-free writing and reading of binary digits in magnetic storage elements with essentially rectangular hysteresis loop that alternate between two different saturation states can be used to build encoders and decoders in pulse code modulation systems characterized in that a storage core (6), a (storage and) output core (8) and a Reading core (7) are provided, each of which has an input winding (9, 11, 13) wound in the same direction bear that the storage core has an output winding (10) wound in the same direction and the output core and the reading core have an output winding wound in opposite directions (15,12) and the output core carry a bias winding (14) wound in opposite directions, that the output winding of the storage core, the input winding of the output core and the output winding of the reading core are in a loop that the binary digits have a Rectifier (19) are connected to the input winding of the storage core and to the input winding of the reading core, the reading impulses that the bias voltage for the output core is removed via the said rectifier and the bias winding is fed via a further rectifier (18), which is polarized relative to the first-mentioned rectifier so that the opening of one rectifier the blocking of the other causes, and vice versa, and that the material of all nuclei, theirs geometric dimensions and the number of turns of the output windings (10 or 12) of the Storage core and the reading core and the input winding (13) of the output core so are dimensioned so that when the saturation state of the storage core or the reading core is reversed by the binary digit applied to their input windings or by the reading pulse an impulse is emitted whose voltage-time product is just and just enough, to reverse the saturation state of the output core. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circle to its input winding opposing output winding (15) of the output core, a rectifier (22) is arranged, which is polarized so that only in the Reading an output pulse reaches the output terminals (20, 21). Legacy Patents Considered:
German Patent No. 1164 472. 1 sheet of drawings 609 658/371 8.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin