DE1212324B - Type carrier for high-speed printer with flying print - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

G06k

JeM Iff

German KL: 43 a - 41/03 ,

Number: 1212 324 & "i £ * g

File number: S 86768IX c / 43 a

Filing date: August 16, 1963

Opening day: March 10, 1966

There are printing devices known in which the type set on a constantly rotating Type carrier is arranged and the imprint during circulation on a between the type carrier and the printing hammers provided medium to be printed, the printing hammers are driven so that they are the medium to be printed together with a suitable Hit the transmission medium at selected intervals against the type carrier during the circulation.

In printing devices that operate according to the above principle, the printing density depends of the printed typeface for a given mass and speed of the print hammer as well as at given paper-ribbon-carbon combination primarily on the nature of the types from, with types that have a material, bearing and elevation (relief-like surface) are the same, the printing density depends on the relative image area of the types. With a type set, with which the types consist of the same material and are stored in the same way, is thus the imprint of Types with a relatively small image area, relatively dark to the point where the paper is perforated, and types with a relatively large image area relatively bright until the color or carbon is no longer sufficient is transmitted. For the printing of characters with image areas of different sizes, the following results that the smaller the difference in size of the image area between the type with the smallest and the type with the The largest image area is measured, the smaller the deviations in the print density of the corresponding printed characters are.

In printing devices of this type, there is also a certain smearing of the printed character, which depends on the speed of rotation of the type carrier. The extent of the smear changes in direct proportion to the contact time of the print hammer. The term "contact time" used here refers to the time from the impact of the print hammer against the type carrier until the hammer rebounds. As has been found, this contact time varies from character to character depending on the image area of the type. In other words: the relatively larger the image area of a type, the relatively shorter the contact time, and the relatively smaller the image area, the relatively longer the contact time. For these reasons, too, the size difference between the image areas of the types belonging to a type set is expediently as large as possible Type carriers for high-speed printers
with flying pressure

Applicant:

Sperry Rand Corporation, New York, NY
(V. St. A.)

.Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. E. Weintraud, patent attorney,

Frankfurt / M., Mainzer Landstr. 134-146

Named as inventor:

Frank Howard Schaller, Westport, Conn.

(V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America August 21, 1962 (218 257)

reduced to the extent of the occurrence of the impression Smear more uniform and therefore better alignment in one Line of printed characters.

The invention is based on the object of achieving the greatest possible uniformity in the print density of various Types to achieve. The greatest uniformity of print density could be achieved by the types would be provided with image areas of the same size. One such solution, however, is for the letters of the German and English alphabet as well as for the Arabic number system unsuitable because in In this case the normal width of the font lines of the characters would have to be changed, thereby reducing the character in many cases would be printed differently in bold and therefore for most business purposes Purposes would be inappropriate.

According to the invention, the size difference between the image areas of each type becomes one High-speed printer with on-the-fly printing is reduced by the fact that the expansion of the line elements of the Types in the direction of the relative movement between type and printing substrate compared to their extension across this direction by the amount

609 537/181

is reduced, which is equal to the shift between The type and the printing substrate are in contact with each other during the printing.

If you design the types in this way, there is still a certain "size difference" between them the individual image areas, which are based on the arbitrarily chosen nominal Limitations resulting from the line width. But even if an optimal one is achieved The non-uniformity of the type image areas leads to a compromise in terms of print density and thickness to the fact that the characters printed by vertically moving types differ as a result of the The smearing that occurs is not the same height and is therefore misaligned. As the Experience has shown that most people do not judge the alignment of a line of text by its uniformity the height of the characters in a line, but according to the alignment of the bottom Edges of characters in a print line. Therefore, the compromise solution in which one Alignment of the characters along the baseline err there, usually acceptable. For this purpose, the characters are arranged slightly offset, and by an amount corresponding to the extent of the smear, the printed ones being stronger smeared characters are placed a little higher than the less heavily smeared characters, but all characters form a line with their lower edges. This of course assumes that all types are equal. If the printed characters have to be of the same height in certain cases, let this can also be achieved by the above-mentioned design of the types, wherein, in addition, the Types had to be of different heights depending on their picture surface, so that the sum of unequal Type height and different smearing a uniform height for all printed characters results.

The present invention thus enables a great uniformity of thickness and to be achieved Density of the characters printed by a high-speed printer working with printing hammers with simultaneous Improvement of the alignment of the printed characters.

Some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. It shows

1 shows a side section through a type of high-speed printer, in which the present invention • is used,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial view of a part ■ the type roller in Fig. 1,

3 shows an enlarged view of the actual imprint of one on the circumference of the type roller arranged type with the smearing that occurs when printing,

F i g. FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of a portion of FIG Type roller, from which the different arrangement of characters with different sized image areas can be seen relative to their respective time reference points,

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, from which the differences in the type height can be seen, and

F i g. 6 to 9 different printed characters with their • corresponding imprints, from which the respective The extent of the smearing caused by the continuously rotating type roller can be seen.

As FIG. 1 shows, the printing unit includes a type carrier designed as a type roller 10, which is on is wedged into a continuously rotating shaft. In the example described here, the rotates Shaft 11 counterclockwise, with the columns arranged on the circumference of the type roller Type 20 (Fig. 2) pass one after the other under a print hammer 12. As to be printed Medium 13 can be paper or other suitable material

ίο material used between the head of the print hammer and the type roller and by means of suitable means, such as a transport wheel 14, is transported further by an amount corresponding to the line spacing. Between the The paper to be printed and the type roller is a tape-shaped medium that transmits the print characters 15 is provided, which or the like. Impregnated with dye and the typeface of the individual types 20 transfers to the surface of the paper to be printed when the print hammer 12 is actuated and thereby the paper 13 and the ink ribbon 15 against the image surface of one on the type roller 10 arranged certain type strikes. The ink ribbon 15 is carried by a transport device, not shown guided over guide rollers 16. Curved covers 17 ensure that the ribbon only touches the type roller at the pressure point. Die.Abdeckungen 17 extend on both sides the pressure point close to the circumference of the type roller.

The print hammers 12 are in each case determined intervals during one revolution of the type roller driven by electromagnetic drive members. Belongs to each of these drive links a coil 21 and a hinged armature 22, which with one arm against the shaft of the pressure hammer is applied so that the hammer when energized the electromagnetic coil 21 against a selected one Type hits the roller. This causes the typeface of the selected type to appear through the ribbon 15 transferred to the paper 13. In Fig.l, the paper to be printed consists of only one single sheet. However, several sheets can also be provided for making copies, between each of which carbon paper or the like is then placed.

As Figure 2 shows, types 20 are on the Perimeter of the type roller 10 arranged in rows and columns. Each perpendicular to the axis of the type roller running column contains a complete set of types, whereby for all letters of the Alphabets and numbers, as well as all commonly used punctuation marks, respectively a type is provided. In the present example, the individual columns are of the familiar type Chessboard arrangement arranged alternately offset from one another, so that the characters in each case in two adjacent lines running parallel to the axis of the type roller occur. Every line of types 20 is assigned a raised, line-shaped character 23 on the circumference of the type roller, which is used to synchronize the respective type line with the one controlling the drive of the print hammers Facility serves. This device is not shown here, as it is necessary to understand the present Invention is not required. The line character 23 can be used for the type line assigned to it can be seen as a kind of time reference point.

In printing units of this type, the actuated print hammer strikes against a selected one on the circumference the type located on the type roller and causes the exact imprint of the typeface this type on the paper to be printed. As long as the paper to be printed and the ribbon with the type are in contact (this time is hereinafter referred to as "contact time") and the type roller constantly circulates, the characters printed on the paper will be smeared, the extent of which depends on the duration of the contact time in relation to the rotational speed of the Type roller depends. This smearing changes the typeface of the type in the direction of rotation of the Drum is distorted or elongated.

3 shows an enlarged view of the printed typeface of the letter "H" with the imprint caused by the initial impact of the printing hammer and the smearing caused during the contact time by the rotating type acted upon by the printing hammer. For the purposes of the description it should be assumed that the printed character consists of a number of writing lines, in the case of the letter "H" of the two vertical lines 31z, 32 z. The dotted areas 31 s, 32 s indicate the smearing that was caused by the vertical writing lines of the type during the contact time, while the dotted area 33 s represents the smearing that results from the horizontal line of the type during the contact time. As can be seen, the smearing causes the horizontal writing line 33 z to widen, i.e. a thicker imprint of this line on the paper 13. The crossbar of the corresponding type is therefore narrower than the longitudinal bar, which in the printed typeface is not wider due to the smearing but get longer. By making the width of the transverse web of the character correspondingly smaller than its longitudinal webs, an essentially equal thickness of the horizontal and vertical writing lines of a printed character can be achieved.

F i g. 6 through 9 show the typeface of various other types of printing 20 in relation to itself resulting typeface when printing. Like F i g. 6 shows, the type for the character "E" consists of a longitudinal web 41 and the transverse rods 42, 43, 44, which are an exact mirror image when printing of the typeface of the type, such as the vertical bar 41z and the horizontal Show bars 42z, 43z, 44z. In addition, the printed character also contains the smeared ones Areas 42 s, 43 s and 44 s. If you reduce the width of the transverse webs of type »E« compared to the longitudinal web, in this way, all text lines of the character are printed equally thick or bold.

In the case of the numeral "1" shown in FIG. 7, the type consists of the longitudinal web 45, the transverse web 46 and a diagonal web 47. In this case, the transverse web 46 and the diagonal web 47 are thinner than the longitudinal web 45, so that in the printed characters the transverse and diagonal web as a result of the smeared Areas 46 s and 47 s are just as thick or bold as the longitudinal web 45 z '.

With the number symbol "5" shown in Fig. 8 the type consists of the horizontal bar 51, the vertical bar 52 and an arched bar 53. Here, too, the horizontal web 51 is again narrower than the vertical web 52, see above that it appears just as thick or bold as the print because of the smeared area 51s vertical baseline 52 z. The arcuate web 53 has horizontal and vertical sections and is therefore made thinner in the horizontal area than in the vertical area, so that it is when the impression appears uniformly thick as a result of the smeared area 53 s, with its thickness at the same time corresponds to the thickness of the vertical web 52 z.

In the case of the numeral “9” shown in FIG. 9, the type consists of arched webs 55, 56. These webs are similar to the arched web of the number "5" so that they are in the horizontal Areas are narrower than in the vertical areas, with the thickness of the webs between

ao gradually increases in the horizontal and vertical areas, so that the image created when the numerical symbol is printed, which consists of the actual printed text lines 55 i, 56 i and the smeared areas 55 s, 56 s, is equally thick or bold everywhere.

All other types are designed according to the same principle, i. i.e., their horizontal baselines as well as the horizontal areas of their arched writing lines are narrower than their vertical ones Writing lines or the vertical areas of their curved writing lines, so that the typeface of the respective printed character appears evenly bold. In the above description, of course it is assumed that all text lines of a printed character should be equally bold. If, on the other hand, a printed character is not to have the same thickness everywhere, the types can of course be used be modified accordingly, in such a way that at the same time the lubricating effect, which in the horizontal writing lines of a character are more prominent than in the vertical writing lines, balanced will.

As can be seen from the above description, the lubricating effect has, among other things, an increase the height of the printed character compared to the height of the type in question, because the types in the exemplary embodiment disclosed here are ernes printing unit in a vertical Move level. As the types move downwards in relation to the paper to be printed on, occurs the smear always appears on the lower edge of the printed character. As long as the smear is uniform at all characters, there would be no particular difficulty with respect to one result in a uniform height of the printed characters. However, it has been found to be the extent the smear is not the same for all characters, but changes from character to character Sign that the contact time does not stay the same for the individual types. The contact time depends on the Image area of the type, whereby types with a smaller image area have a longer contact time and thus cause more smudging than types with a larger image area. The printed ones So characters are on the lower edge, which represents the line after which the alignment of the characters standing in a line can be judged best, of different lengths. To get between the

Claims (1)

7 8 ten characters of different strengths are only on the same line with their lower edges, To balance lubrication and to form a line, but also both have the same height, on which all printed characters with their sub- The statements made here regarding the Evenly aligned edges can have different heights of printed characters and different of the smear that occurs on the circumference of the type roller 10 '5 in the vertical direction arranged rows of types opposite their tion etc. relate of course to the here open- Time reference points can be arranged slightly offset. barte embodiment of printing units, in This staggered arrangement of different lines the types are constantly along a perpendicular hen of types is shown in FIG. 4. As mentioned above, move the vertical plane running to the print line, ϊό If you would, for example, place the type wheel opposite see lines 23 time reference points for them to arrange the print line in such a way that the types associated series of types, these moving horizontally and parallel to the print line, see above The invention could also be found to be just as advantageous here for drawing points at the same distance from one another are arranged long the circumference of the type roller. to achieve a uniform print density use In Fig. 4 shows the height h of the types that I5 den, whereby the smearing effect in this case is not in in the present exemplary embodiment occur in all types of vertical, but horizontal direction is equal and V is ₁₀ inches. Fig. 4 shows otherwise. the distance Z from the lower edge of the type The extent to which the width of the horizontal to the center line of the reference writing lines assigned to the type of a type is reduced compared to the vertical line 23. Of the three from the writing lines shown in Fig. 4, In order to have a uniform type, the character »C« has the smallest and the line thickness of the text lines in the character imprint »B« has the largest image area, while the image targets, of course, depends on the total image area of the area of the type »Α« between the Image areas of the type, since the smear is with types with small types »C« and »B«. The front distance Z is nerer image area is stronger. As mentioned above, however, the character "C" is slightly smaller than the character "A", the differently sized images, whose front spacing between the individual types is somewhat smaller than with the character "B" the extent of the adjusted to achieve a great uniformity of the smear caused by the type "C" somewhat print density. If one were to be larger than type »Α«, in which the Ver types are designed in such a way that they are all slightly larger than 30th, because of the large differences in type »Β «As mentioned earlier. By changing the front distance Z between the correspondingly large differences in the lower print edge of a type and the associated density of the in the size of the image areas of the individual types. different characters lead. For this point of reference, depending on the respective image reason, the types with a smaller image area are bold area, so all characters are designed on the paper 35 than the types with a larger image area. This is printed laterally aligned. It goes without saying that FIG. 6 and 7, where the width w of this lateral alignment can also be achieved, the vertical web 45 of the number symbol "1" is greater than the width w of the vertical web 41 of the other series of types as reference letter "E", since the type "1" has a small dot line 23 opposite the 40 smaller image area than the type "Ε". Are shifted by assigned rows, so that a corresponding adjustment of the different front spacing / image area sizes for each type row can thus result in a greater degree of uniformity in the print density of the printed characters As stated above, this leads to dependent. 45. The invention is based on a tend different smearing to a corresponding printing device with constantly circulating type-speaking Veining of the height of the printed carrier has been described at which the pressure mark. However, as long as the printed characters on the recording medium is still during the attack, form a straight line at its lower edge, this is The invention is equally applicable to printing equipment changes of printed characters are relevant to most print-run business purposes has not been objected to. Should take medium is moved continuously while regardless of the extent to which the type carrier stands still, or where the type imprint Occurring smearing a unit carrier and the pressure absorption medium continuous Height of printed characters may be desired, Tich moves at different speeds this could be achieved by increasing the height of each. different types and in this way the PatPntnnsnrii ^ P- different extent of the imprint. tendency to smear is compensated. Like 1st type carrier for high-speed printers with fly Fig. 5 shows, the height h of the type "L" is somewhat equal to the pressure, characterized in that smaller than the height of the type »Μ«. Since the type "L" 60 that the extension of the line elements of the type has a smaller image area than type »Μ«, pen points in the direction of relative movement between the printed character "L" has the same height on the type and printing material as yours like the printed character "M". As shown in Fig. 5, expansion transversely to this direction around the also shows, the front distance Z of the time is reduced, which is equal to the displacement chens "L" from the time reference 65 assigned to it between type and printing material during point 23 is something of their mutual contact when printing for the reasons given above. smaller than with the character "M", so that the 2. type carrier according to claim 1, The typefaces "L" and "M" produced by pressure do not indicate that diagonal text lines have a Types are narrower than those in the direction of relative movement running baselines. 3. Type carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that curved writing lines one Type are narrower in their areas that do not run in the direction of the relative movement than in these areas. 4. Type carrier according to claim 3, characterized in that the curved writing lines of a type in sections which are not in the direction of the relative movement areas connect with the areas running in this direction, a graduated thickness accordingly the degree of their deviation at any point from the direction of relative movement exhibit. 5. Type carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the types line as usual and are arranged in columns, the lines each containing types with the same character and each row in the column direction with respect to a time defining the actuation time Reference point by an amount corresponding to the image area of the type of a respective row is arranged offset, so that all characters of a print line as a result of when printing the Characters appearing smearing form a straight line with one of its edges. 6. Type carrier according to claim 5, characterized by such an arrangement of the types that all printed characters form a straight line with their lower edge. 7. Type carrier according to claim 5, characterized in that the height of the different Types is directly proportional to the change in the type image area when printing. 1 sheet of drawings 609 537/181 3.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin