DE1211741B - Lubricant for hot extrusion of metals or alloys - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. σ .:

ClOm

German class: 23 c -1/04

Number: 1211741

File number: S 76962IV c / 23 c

Filing date: December 2, 1961

Opening day: March 3, 1966

The invention relates to a lubricant for hot extrusion of metals or alloys and in particular to a lubricant used for hot extrusion of metals or alloys can be used at working temperatures above 1000 ° C.

Various materials are already known for this purpose, including graphite, which is mostly used suspended in oil, as well as substances with a stable flake or leaf ίο like crystal structure and defined melting points, such as molybdenum disulfide, or amorphous materials with a viscous melting range, such as glass or slag. For extrusion at working temperatures above 1000 ° C, as in Extrusion of steel or various alloys occur, glass is the main used at the moment Lubricant.

However, the use of glasses for this purpose is not free from disadvantages: Because of the amorphous The nature of the glass may not have a viscous melting range, or only to a very incomplete extent be regulated. In addition, this melting range cannot always be kept constant enough. Glass also forms a thin residue on the extruded products Layer or envelope made only by immersing the extruded product in a pickling bath Hydrofluoric acid can be removed. The systems required for this require additional space, and furthermore, hydrofluoric acid develops extraordinarily when the hot extruded product is immersed harmful vapors which require additional precautions.

These disadvantages are caused by the use of S- or F-free basalt that is melted and cooled down, as a lubricant for hot extrusion of metals or alloys.

Geologically unchanged basalt is made up of sulfur or fluorine contained in it known way freed when these elements have a damaging influence on the with the invention The lubricant to be used has extruded metal. The basalt is partially or completely melted and then cooled so that the molten material after solidification has such a mineralogical structure that viscosity, melting range and other properties of the resulting lubricant the most favorable values for the particular application conditions selected to have. Before melting, lubricant is used for hot extrusion of metals or alloys

Applicant:

Ian Griffith Slater,

Oswald Pritschard Nicholson,

Solihull, Warwickshire (UK)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. R. Beetz and Dipl.-Ing. K. Lamprecht, Patent Attorneys, Munich 22, Steinsdorfstr. 10

Named as inventor:

Ian Griffith Slater,

Oswald Pritschard Nicholson,

Solihull, Warwickshire (UK)

Claimed priority:

Great Britain of December 9, 1960 (42 387), of February 22, 1961 (6409), dated November 17, 1961 (41185)

the basalt is preferably broken or crushed to facilitate its subsequent treatment.

It was found that those physical properties of the invention to be used Lubricants that are important for its hot extrusion application, more of its mineralogical structure depend than on its chemical composition. The one to use As a result of its crystal structure, which is similar to that of natural basalt, basalt has a constant viscosity over an extended temperature range, which is extremely advantageous for hot extrusion is, all the more so as the ingot temperature is not always constant during extrusion remain.

The film-like residue remaining on the surface of the extruded product Layer can in the inventive use of the basalt without using hydrofluoric acid as The pickling bath must be removed. But it is also possible to use pickling agents that are not harmful. Pickling can also be avoided entirely and the remaining film can be removed mechanically.

After cooling and solidification, the basalt is crushed again, preferably to

609 510/371

Claims (1)

3 4 fine grains, which may be applied in the form of a powder to the material at less high strand surface of the heated block or pressing temperatures, the basalt can optionally be formed into cakes or tablets (Borax), boric anhydride, calcium fluoride, iron front end of the block to be extruded containing silicates, calcium oxide, magnetite, can be added. During the extrusion process, if a mixture of several of these substances are added, the lubricating material, which in one form or which is wholly or partially miscible with the basalt in the other specified form on the block in a molten state, has not been brought together the hot block mate- exert a disadvantageous influence on the steel grades to be processed after the extrusion through the die of the extrusion device and io process and shows a completely satisfactory lubricating effect, which the softening and melting of the basalt is partly due to the fact that its viscosity accelerate via extrusion ,
remains constant over a wide temperature range. This additive can be the finely granulated basalt As already stated above, the base material is in powder form immediately before it is opened lubricants to be used according to the invention are mixed onto the hot block; man By means of an essentially geologically unchanged additive, the previously melted additive can also be used Basalt rock; This basalt should or can be used as the main and then cooled or also the negligent mineral components olivine, augite, then add crushed basalt. At common plagioclase As well as dispersed magnetite together samer crushing can produce the desired mixture with limited proportions of titanium magnetite or 20 in good distribution. Particularly Ilmenite and a very small proportion of zeolites, however, it is expedient to have a largely homogeneous one and other water-containing ingredients with low product in such a way that you can contained according to melting point. Basalt rock and the additive together In general, according to the invention, the melting process has been subjected to at least one Applying basalts approximately the following chemical compounding of the substances takes place, then the Composition: Mixture melt cools and finely granulated. the end Silica 50% of all such mixtures or melts Alumina ". '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '. Y. 16" / ^{"Iassen itself, Ku, chen or} produce tablets, for which purpose Iron and titanium oxide 15 ″ / 0 ^ma J? ^{used on such} well-known procedures Oxides of the alkaline earth metals 12Vo ³ ° f ^S } ^at * ^1C \ result from practical experiments, Oxides of the alkali metals 2 <> / o ^there ? ^the additive - either as a single Substance or a mixture of two or more One made from pure granulated or powdered of the above substances - usually none Basalt rock lubricant is suitable for a higher part by weight of the lubricant or lubricant especially for the lubrication of hot rods - must be about 25% in order to be completely free pressing of nickel alloys, as these alloys obtain good results,
usually relatively slow and at relatively are extruded at high temperatures, so that claims:
long enough time for the basalt material to soften and melt during the extrusion process Hot extrusion of metals or of a coherent cover layer made of the alloys. molten basalt is surrounded. However, it is 2. Use of basalt according to claim 1 possible that when extruding different 45 with an addition of sodium silicate, sodium car- Steel grades that, according to normal practice, contain some carbonate, sodium borate, boric acid anhydride, CaI lower temperatures and with greater penetration chimfluoride, iron-containing silicates, calcium oxide speed can be processed as the above or magnetite. mentioned nickel alloys, the press speed 3. Use of basalt according to claim 1 speed is so great that the 50 consisting of pure basalt with an additive made before melting Lubricant does not have enough time to soften according to claim 2. and in the form of a closed cover film on the Surface of the steel material to flow through the die. In such cases, the publications under consideration can:
smooth surface of the extruded material at 55 Deutsche Auslegeschriften No. 1102351, 1089936, those places where the basalt material is not 1 050 486, 1 065 122;
is softened quickly enough, fail to be faulty. French Patent No. 1175 221; In all those cases in which it is based on Schnei Austrian patent specification No. 215 255; letting the lubricant soften or become liquid- U.S. Patent No. 2,711,394; A priority document was displayed when the registration was announced. 609 510/371 2.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin