DE1210765B - Use of a paste to produce a porous membrane for gas separation carried by a metal mesh - Google Patents
Use of a paste to produce a porous membrane for gas separation carried by a metal meshInfo
- Publication number
- DE1210765B DE1210765B DEC17664A DEC0017664A DE1210765B DE 1210765 B DE1210765 B DE 1210765B DE C17664 A DEC17664 A DE C17664A DE C0017664 A DEC0017664 A DE C0017664A DE 1210765 B DE1210765 B DE 1210765B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- paste
- alcohol
- metal mesh
- gas separation
- porous membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005372 isotope separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/10—Filter screens essentially made of metal
- B01D39/12—Filter screens essentially made of metal of wire gauze; of knitted wire; of expanded metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/36—Polytetrafluoroethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
- Y10T428/31529—Next to metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31696—Including polyene monomers [e.g., butadiene, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE
Int. Cl.:Int. Cl .:
Nummer:
Aktenzeichen:
Anmeldetag:
Auslegetag:Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:
D06nD06n
Deutsche Kl.: 81-4German class: 81-4
1210765
C17664IVC/81
13. Oktober 1958
17. Februar 19661210765
C17664IVC / 81
October 13, 1958
17th February 1966
Gegenstand des Patents 1149 689 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer von einem Metallgewebe getragenen porösen Membran zur Gastrennung, insbesondere Isotopentrennung. Dabei wird das Metallgewebe mit einer Paste bestrichen, die man durch Koagulieren einer Emulsion von Polytetrafiuoräthylen oder Polytrifluorchloräthylen mittels eines Koagulationsmittels herstellt. Durch einen Walzvorgang wird die Paste derart mit dem Gewebe verfestigt, daß sie das Gewebe gleichförmig umhüllt und die Maschen ausfüllt; das Koagulationsmittel wird darauf aus dem so bestrichenen Gewebe durch eine Behandlung bei einer Temperatur entfernt, die 300° C nicht wesentlich übersteigt.The subject of patent 1149 689 is a method for producing one of a metal mesh supported porous membrane for gas separation, in particular isotope separation. This is where the metal mesh coated with a paste obtained by coagulating an emulsion of polytetrafluoroethylene or polytrifluorochloroethylene by means of a coagulant. By a rolling process the paste is solidified with the tissue in such a way that it envelops the tissue uniformly and the Fills meshes; the coagulant is then removed from the thus coated tissue by a treatment removed at a temperature not significantly exceeding 300 ° C.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine für die Zwecke des Hauptpatents geeignete Paste.The present invention relates to a paste suitable for the purposes of the main patent.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird zum Bestreichen des Metallgewebes der Membran eine Paste verwendet, die aus einem Gemisch von Polytetrafmoräthylenpulver und Alkohol besteht, wobei der Gewichtsanteil des Alkohols 40% beträgt. Die Wirkung des Alkohols bei der Herstellung der Paste ist die eines organischen Netzmittels; es hat die rein physikalische Aufgabe, das Polytetrafluoräthylenpulver in eine Paste umzuwandeln, die leicht auf das Grundgewebe aufgebracht werden kann, worauf es nach Fixierung der Paste aus dem Gewebe wieder ausgeschieden wird.According to the invention, a paste is used to coat the metal fabric of the membrane, which consists of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and alcohol, the proportion by weight of alcohol being 40%. The effect of the The alcohol used in the preparation of the paste is that of an organic wetting agent; it has the purely physical Task to convert the polytetrafluoroethylene powder into a paste that is easily applied to the base fabric can be applied, whereupon it is excreted from the tissue after fixation of the paste will.
Gemische von Polytetrafluoräthylen mit Alkohol in verschiedenen Mengenverhältnissen sind an sich bekannt; es war aber nicht vorauszusehen, daß derartige Gemische sich besonders zur Herstellung einer Paste eignen, wie sie bei der Membranherstelllung gemäß dem Hauptpatent benötigt wird.Mixtures of polytetrafluoroethylene with alcohol in various proportions are per se known; but it was not foreseeable that such mixtures would be particularly suitable for the production of a Paste suitable, as it is required in the membrane production according to the main patent.
Als geeignete Alkohole kommen in Frage: Äthylalkohol, Methylalkohol, Isopropylalkohol, Butylalkohol, Isobutylalkohol, Isoamylalkohol, Cyclohexanol. Suitable alcohols are: ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, Isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, cyclohexanol.
Die Anteile ^es Gemisches müssen so gewählt sein, daß sich die Paste leicht auftragen läßt, d. h., sie muß gut formbar und homogen sein, ohne zu flüssig zu werden oder zu fließen.The proportions of the mixture must be chosen in this way be that the paste is easy to apply, d. that is, it must be easily malleable and homogeneous without to become fluid or to flow.
Nachstehend ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Anwendung der Paste gemäß der Erfindung beschrieben: das Polytetrafluoräthylenpulver, das von einer Polytetrafluoräthylenemulsion stammt, wird im überschüssigen Alkohol kräftig geknetet (z. B. 100 g Pulver für 300 cm3 Alkohol). Nach vollkommener Homogenisierung der Paste wird diese so ausgeschleudert, daß nur ungefähr 40 Gewichtsprozent Alkohol übrigbleiben.An exemplary embodiment for the use of the paste according to the invention is described below: the polytetrafluoroethylene powder, which comes from a polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, is kneaded vigorously in the excess alcohol (e.g. 100 g of powder for 300 cm 3 of alcohol). After the paste has been completely homogenized, it is centrifuged in such a way that only about 40 percent by weight of alcohol remains.
Die so ausgeschleuderte Paste wird auf das Metall-The paste that is thrown out in this way is
Verwendung einer Paste zum Herstellen einer von einem Metallgewebe getragenen porösen
Membran zur GastrennungUse of a paste to produce a porous one supported by a metal mesh
Membrane for gas separation
Zusatz zum Patent: 1149 689Addendum to the patent: 1149 689
Anmelder:Applicant:
Commissariat ä l'Energie Atomique, ParisCommissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Paris
Vertreter:Representative:
Dr. phil. W. P. Radt, Patentanwalt,Dr. phil. W. P. Radt, patent attorney,
Bochum, Heinrich-König-Str. 12Bochum, Heinrich-König-Str. 12th
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Gilberte Moutaud, geb. Renault,Gilberte Moutaud, née Renault,
Neuilly-sur-Seine, Seine;Neuilly-sur-Seine, Seine;
Jean Parisot, Argenteuil, Seine-et-OiseJean Parisot, Argenteuil, Seine-et-Oise
(Frankreich)(France)
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Frankreich vom 15. Oktober 1957Claimed priority:
France October 15, 1957
gewebe aufgebracht und hierauf entsprechend dem in dem Hauptpatent beschriebenen Verfahren gewalzt und behandelt.tissue applied and then rolled in accordance with the method described in the main patent and treated.
Vor dem Aufbringen und zur Erzielung einer besseren Tränkung der Paste durch den Alkohol kann die Paste einer Alterung unterworfen werden, indem sie in ein kochendes Alkoholbad eingetaucht wird, worauf ein neues Ausschleudern bis zum Erhalt der obigen Anteilmengen erfolgt.Before application and to achieve better impregnation of the paste with the alcohol the paste can be aged by immersing it in a boiling alcohol bath is, whereupon a new spinning takes place until the above proportions are obtained.
Vor der Aufbringung können noch die Spuren der ursprünglich in dem Polytetrafluoräthylenpulver enthaltenen organischen Verunreinigungen ausgeschieden werden. So können z. B. die noch vorhandenen Netzmittelspuren durch Ausziehen im Soxhlet-Apparat oder besser mit einem Ausziehgerät entfernt werden, in welchem die Paste beständig in einem lauwarmen Alkoholbad umgerührt wird.Before the application, the traces of the originally in the polytetrafluoroethylene powder contained organic impurities are excreted. So z. B. the remaining ones Traces of wetting agent removed by pulling out in the Soxhlet apparatus or, better still, with an extractor in which the paste is constantly stirred in a lukewarm alcohol bath.
Die nachstehende Tabelle zeigt beispielsweise die Kenngrößen von fünf Proben von erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Membranen:The table below shows, for example, the characteristics of five samples according to the invention produced membranes:
Dicke· in Hundertstelmillimeter;
Porenhalbmesser in Hundertstelmikron;Thickness · in hundredths of a millimeter;
Pore radius in hundredths of a micron;
609 508/217609 508/217
Durchlässigkeit in Grammolekül Luft, welche je Quadratzentimeter der Membran je Minute für einen Druckunterschied beiderseits der Membran von 1 cm Hg gehen.Permeability in gram molecule of air, which per square centimeter of the membrane per minute go for a pressure difference on both sides of the membrane of 1 cm Hg.
• halbmesserPore
• half-knife
2
3
4
51
2
3
4th
5
41 + 4
40 + 2
40 + 3
39 + 240 + 5
41 + 4
40 + 2
40 + 3
39 + 2
1
1
1
21
1
1
1
2
78 · 10-7
78 · ΙΟ"7
110·ΙΟ"7
112-10-758-10-7
78 · 10-7
78 · ΙΟ " 7
110 · ΙΟ " 7
112-10-7
Claims (1)
Patentanspruch: 4 '
Claim:
USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2440190;
französische Patentschrift Nr. 928 293;
britische Patentschriften Nr. 589 714, 638 328.Considered publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2440190;
French Patent No. 928 293;
British Patent Nos. 589 714, 638 328.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR714914 | 1956-05-22 | ||
FR749440A FR72740E (en) | 1956-05-22 | 1957-10-15 | Porous membranes and method of manufacturing these membranes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1210765B true DE1210765B (en) | 1966-02-17 |
Family
ID=37663303
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEC17664A Pending DE1210765B (en) | 1956-05-22 | 1958-10-13 | Use of a paste to produce a porous membrane for gas separation carried by a metal mesh |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3102826A (en) |
BE (1) | BE571757A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1210765B (en) |
DK (1) | DK102792C (en) |
GB (1) | GB863744A (en) |
LU (1) | LU36469A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL122519C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2208632C3 (en) * | 1972-02-24 | 1981-07-30 | Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of carbon-containing gas electrodes with a hydrophobic backing layer |
US3920793A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1975-11-18 | Du Pont | Corrosion-resistant perfluorocarbon polymer coated metal substrate and process for preparing the same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB589714A (en) * | 1944-03-29 | 1947-06-27 | Ici Ltd | Fabrication of articles consisting essentially of a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene |
FR928293A (en) * | 1944-03-01 | 1947-11-24 | Du Pont | Manufacturing process of polytetrafluoroethylene sheets and other articles and resulting products |
GB638328A (en) * | 1946-12-07 | 1950-06-07 | Du Pont | Moulding powders comprising fluorine-containing polymers |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2813041A (en) * | 1953-09-09 | 1957-11-12 | Glacier Co Ltd | Method of impregnating porous metal strip with polytetrafluoroethylene |
US2710266A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1955-06-07 | Du Pont | Polytetrafluoroethylene coating compositions, method of application to substrates, coated substrates, and films |
US2866721A (en) * | 1955-03-15 | 1958-12-30 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Dispersion of fluorochlorocarbon polymers in a solution of a copolymer of trifluorochloroethylene with a halogenated olefin and method of coating surface therewith |
-
0
- LU LU36469D patent/LU36469A1/xx unknown
- NL NL122519D patent/NL122519C/xx active
- BE BE571757D patent/BE571757A/xx unknown
-
1958
- 1958-10-07 GB GB3198958A patent/GB863744A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-10-10 DK DK366058A patent/DK102792C/en active
- 1958-10-13 DE DEC17664A patent/DE1210765B/en active Pending
- 1958-10-14 US US76708858 patent/US3102826A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR928293A (en) * | 1944-03-01 | 1947-11-24 | Du Pont | Manufacturing process of polytetrafluoroethylene sheets and other articles and resulting products |
US2440190A (en) * | 1944-03-01 | 1948-04-20 | Du Pont | Preparation of nonporous polytetrafluoroethylene articles |
GB589714A (en) * | 1944-03-29 | 1947-06-27 | Ici Ltd | Fabrication of articles consisting essentially of a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene |
GB638328A (en) * | 1946-12-07 | 1950-06-07 | Du Pont | Moulding powders comprising fluorine-containing polymers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK102792C (en) | 1965-10-11 |
US3102826A (en) | 1963-09-03 |
LU36469A1 (en) | |
NL122519C (en) | 1900-01-01 |
BE571757A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
GB863744A (en) | 1961-03-29 |
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