DE1186225B - Method for registering measured values, in particular measured values in controlled systems - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

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German class: 42d-3 / Ö5

V15136IXb / 42d
September 30, 1958
January 28, 1965

The invention relates to a method for registering measured values, in particular measured values in controlled systems in which the resulting measured values are divided into larger, constant and a smaller partial value, which is variable according to the measured values to be recorded, can be split up.

It is common practice to continuously register the actual value of a controlled variable. For this purpose, in general Devices with normal error limits (1.5 or 2.5% of the full scale value) are used. In Recently, increased requirements have been placed on the control accuracy to an increasing extent. The permissible deviation is often smaller than the permissible error, which is more normal Recorders. This condition is unsatisfactory. To get information about the working method from the diagrams and the correct setting of the controller as well as the system deviations that occur gain should occur during registration

Procedure for registering measured values,
especially of measured values in controlled systems

Applicant:

United Glanzstoff-Fabriken A. G.,

Wuppertal-Elberfeld

Named as inventor:

Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf Winckler, Erlenbach / M.

a smaller partial value, which is variable according to the measured values to be recorded, is split up, proposed, which is characterized by the fact that within the same measuring time spans,

the error should be about an order of magnitude smaller, the larger values below the deviation those approved for the scheme. Is it part of the range of the measured values lying in are measured quantities that are sufficiently known per se by first counting chains from accuracy is divided into electrical quantities in an analogous form, and that the one above this can be converted or from the outset as a defined limit proximity remaining part by means of a electrical values are generated, the second counting chain provided can be requested by the measuring or recording device recorded and registered by the use of recording devices with normal accuracy after a compensation process is to some extent and that if the limit height is not reached be met. In the case of different measured variables by the timer and when the measured value (e.g. However, the surrounding area requires limit value conversion through the second counting chain light up in an analog electrical value at 30 or similar display means are operated, Sufficient accuracy a considerable subject of the invention is also a

wand while converting to digital circuitry to exercise the described value with relatively simple means with the slightest NEN method, in which one by a time error is possible. In contrast, the encoder can now be switched on and off with two par registrations of the digital value with a good 35 allele arranged counting chains are assigned, whose Costly and generally adjustable in a manner known per se, for example in the case of the first counting chain Has tapping devices for a relay circuit and the second counting chain through the This actuated relay of the relay circuit can be connected to the pulse generator and with a registration device is coupled.

By activating the limit value lights when the measuring range is exceeded by the second The waiting staff can immediately invalidate the counting chain

The deviations, for example in the speed, can occur or directly in digital form. Here, known prescribed setpoint limits are quickly recognized for recording, recording devices with error limits for unnecessary and necessary countermeasures are initiated,
approximately ± 1.5% of the measuring range end value used. As counting chains are advantageously, in particular

According to the invention, therefore, a method for the lower powers of ten is electronic Registering measured values, especially used by measuring chains. The first counting chains will be the evaluate in controlled systems in which the resulting lighter default settings are evaluated in a decade-like manner into a larger, constant and formed, while the second, with the registration

409 770/163

Use of a counting amount printer, not immediately clear, as series of numbers are obtained here from which the course of the curve must first be determined.

The purpose and object of the invention is to provide the registration in the form of a curve with a reasonable amount of effort for such measured quantities that can be easily converted into digital values

direction cooperating counting chain works according to the binary system, making a simple design the registration device becomes possible. The first counting chains only switch the relay for switching on the second counting chain; as soon as this relay is switched, the impulses from the pulse generator arrive directly into the second chain, which causes the registration of the remaining scatter band.

It is advisable to also let the relay work electronically, albeit with sufficient specification on the part of the first counting chain and with sufficient spacing between the pulses mechanically operating relays are also to be used.

A quartz-stabilized oscillator with counting chains can be used as a timer Decades the oscillations of the oscillator frequency are counted. When the required number of pulses is reached, which corresponds to the desired time period, the measuring pulse generator is switched off. Provided an electrical clock system supplies pulses at sufficiently short time intervals, this can also be done can be used as a pulse generator.

Pulse generators for electrically driven counters, such as taximeters, have now become known, in which a mechanical pulse generator driven by a clockwork an electrical Pulse generator through a further contact that interacts with a stationary contact actuated, the stationary contact being in series with an electromagnetic pulse receiver, which advances the counter when an electrical pulse is received. The pulse receiver circuit is thereby by a movable contact member that is in operative connection with the receiver armature interrupted, which remains locked in its position interrupting the circuit for so long, until the mechanical part of the pulse generator executes the next stroke. The moving contact member can be switched over by the armature in a tilting arrangement via a spring and can be locked after switching. The integrated value is displayed in digital form. In addition, the well-known Pulse generator a simple zero point suppression, pulse generator construction and zero point suppression however, they can only be used for very slow processes. The solution to the present Task is not possible with them, since the measurement of instantaneous values within the meaning of the invention only can be done with fast-acting means.

For a more precise representation of measured variables, it has been proposed, for example, to transfer To undertake measured values according to the pulse frequency method, the pulse frequency being derived from the arithmetic sum of a constant frequency and one proportional to the speed to be transmitted Frequency composes; A pointing device serves as the receiving device. This is so calibrated that it is at the pulse frequency generated by the constant speed alone shows the value zero. the Shifting the zero point into the measuring range in such a way that the region of interest is considered to be positive, the below that can be read off as a negative value, but does not bring any improvement in the Measurement accuracy, but at most a certain ease of reading. The task at hand is like this not to be solved.

It is also a circuit arrangement for distinguishing between electrical measured values above and below a predetermined value have become known, some with similar Components such as the arrangement according to the invention is provided. Their structure is roughly an arrangement of successively connected sieves of different fineness to compare at which the sieve bottom with the largest openings first, the one with the

ίο smallest reached last of the goods to be sifted will. When passing through the circuit, the pulses act one after the other in terms of their sensitivity graduated relays. With each response, the impulse is used to excite the relay necessary and eliminated and the portion that migrates to the next level is split up. The measurement accuracy of the arrangement is thus determined by the difference between the Response values of the two most sensitive relays. Intermediate values cannot be registered. This circuit arrangement cannot be used to solve the present problem either, since it evaluates the entire impulse and not just the portion lying in the only area of interest.

The drawing shows an embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention, with which Help the method according to the invention is to be explained in more detail. To simplify the picture contacts are shown for the outputs of the counting chains and the other switching devices, while electronic switching elements are used in the practical implementation.

The pulse generator α supplies its pulses corresponding to the measured variable to the counting chains b _v b ₁₀ , O ₁₀₀

O ₁₀₀₀ , which are constructed in a known manner as a four-digit electronic counter. The counting process is initiated by a start pulse from the timer c via contact d. The timer c contains a quartz-stabilized oscillator and also counting decades. These decades count - also triggered by the start pulse - the oscillations of the oscillator frequency (e.g. 10 kHz) until a previously set number is reached. With a desired measuring time of, for example, 1 second and an oscillator frequency of 10 kHz, the number 10 ⁴ should be set. When this set number is reached, the stop pulse is triggered, which separates the pulses from encoder α from counting chains b _t to O ₁₀₀₀ . Each of the ten digits in the four counting decades has its own output. The outputs are led to the selector switches e _v e ₁₀ , e _im , e ₁₀₀₀ . With the help of the selector switch the number is set at which the starting point of the measuring range of the recording instrument should be. The number 1620 is set in the figure. When this number is reached, the pulse sequence given by the pulse generator α is switched via the switching element / and the reducer g to the counting chain h for the measuring range. The coaster g emits, for example, an output pulse after every two input pulses. The counting chain h is built up in the example according to the figure in the binary system. The five switching elements I ₁ to I _ie therefore represent the digits 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 when responding, the value of which has to be multiplied by two because of the upstream reduction g. When one of these switching elements responds, the bridging Ar ₁ to k _{16 of} the associated resistor I ₁ to Z _{16 is} canceled. The resistances are

Claims (1)

I 186 225 5 6 In accordance with the value of the five switching elements, the recorder only records discrete measuring points, dimensioned. At the end of the counting process, i.e. in order to reproduce these points on the diagram without errors after the stop pulse has arrived, the distance between the measuring points of several of the counting elements of the counting chain h is made greater than the permissible deviation of the spoken, correspondingly one or more 5 scribe. ^{2 min "1} were selected for this, so that the resistors switched on. The voltage at these, taking into account the start and end points and originating from the current source η , results in thirty-one possible measuring points. The voltage drop is fed to the recorder The recorder is completely switched off. This voltage drop is therefore a measure of the tet. The possible error of the counter even after reaching the number 1620, io still arrived is one pulse, corresponding to 2 min " ¹ . The total pulse, total measurement error is thus + 1min " ¹ and is there- In the example, the counting chains (1 + 2 + 4 + 8 with less than 1 V ^ of the setpoint.
+ 16) ■ 2 = store 62 pulses. The resistors It is easily possible to accept the error of the are dimensioned so that even with the number 60 recorder. With a corresponding value, this is the end value of the measuring range of the selected circuit is not reached on the measuring range recorder m . ^1. Also reproduce under up to 1680. If the number 1680 is exceeded while the additionally possible counting error of the measuring time is taken into account, the counting chain h of one pulse causes the total error to always respond to the signal p: »Measuring range over-20 still under ± l ° / oo of the setpoint. steps in the latter case "If, however, the number 1620 before input can be omitted g on the coaster.. Instead meet not reached the stop pulse is over its binary counting chain must h a switching element, the switching element / and the stop impulse received with the help of the more for the number 32. The recorder contact q the signal r, »measuring range undershot- can thus in the measuring range discrete measuring points «, triggered. 25 play. The measurement result reproduced by the recorder Are several similar and slowly changing is initially recorded for a short time. After that, to register the actual values, this can be done in common, the counting chains b _v b ₁₀ , b ₁₀₀ and 6 ₁₀₀₀ erased sam on a multi-color dot recorder, and the switching element / is returned to its starting position. The next count is initiated by a new start pulse from the timer in a suitable manner with the stop pulses from the timer c. The encoders are synchronized. Counting chain h is not activated until shortly before the measured value is reached, and the number given to an indicator and the resulting changeover in place of or in addition to the recording device / deleted. Be directed to this .. The point in time remains that of the previous measurement. 35 Furthermore, it is possible to The value determined on the recording device still exceeds the measured value, based on the keep. The setting of the new measured value in the signals ρ or r, the selector switches e _v e ₁₀ , e ₁₀₀ , e ₁₀₀₀ Counting chain h requires, for example, 1 second to automatically switch to a lower or higher Measuring time and to adjust with the measuring range on which the figure is based. Numbers a maximum of 36 milliseconds. If a 40 If the setpoint for the control is adjusted, then Recorder measuring mechanism with a sufficiently long setting time must be activated by actuating the selector switch e _t to e ₁₀₀₀ is used, the transition from the old to the measuring range is also adjusted accordingly the new measured value without anything worth mentioning in between. However, it is possible to use both settings temporal decrease of the registered curve. Other - to be coupled with each other in such a way that at a setpoint value On the one hand, of course, the time between two adjustments must also be the corresponding measuring range Measurements are made long enough to be turned on. The measuring time determined by the timer c will thus ensure a new measured value. If, on the other hand, one is selected so that the measured value can be used without conversion in a device with a shorter response time, then it can be displayed indirectly in digits. The time during the acquisition of the new 50 can be, for example, the display of a rotational measured value in the counting chain h bridged by number in min " ¹ using a pulse generator, that the measured value pointer emits fifty pulses per revolution, for example, So a drop bracket is selected in the position previously taken - a measuring time of 1.2 seconds. If the position is used until the new value arrives, the speed measurement can be maintained. 55 This is done by a tachometer; The numbers used in the example are based on the following sequence of the tacho voltage is then considered in impulses: The device should convert it. Instead, a lichtelek actual value of the speed of a speed-controlled motor of Irish, inductive or capacitive consumers can be registered. The setpoint is assumed to come to 1650 min " ¹ application, which immediately sets a pulse.
deviation of + 1% from the set target value, corresponding to ± 16.5 min "i required. For the claims: A measuring range of 1 is therefore sufficient for registration. Procedure for registering measured values, ± 30 min " ¹ , i.e. from 1620 to 1680 min" ¹ . For the especially of measured values in controlled systems, Registration of the measuring range of 60 min " ¹ becomes 65 in which the resulting measured values are in a a normal class 1.5 scribe is used. larger, constant and a smaller, The maximum permissible error of this device is according to the measured values to be recorded thus ± 0.9 min " ^1. With the selected digital variable, partial values are split so that characterized in that of the occurring within the same measuring time spans Values the larger part lying below the deviation or scatter range of the measured values in an is excreted in a known manner by first counting chains and that the one above this the remaining part lying at a defined limit height by means of a second counting chain through measuring resp. Registration devices of usual accuracy is detected and registered and that if not achieved the limit height by the timer and when the measuring range is exceeded by the second counting chain limit value lights or similar Display means are operated. 2. Circuit arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that is characterized by the fact that a pulse generator that can be switched on and off by a timer is two parallel arranged Counting chains are assigned, the first counting chain of which can be set in a manner known per se Has tapping devices for a relay circuit and the second counting chain can be connected to the pulse generator by the relay actuated by the relay circuit and is coupled to a registration device. Considered publications:
German patents No. 612587, 906 519, 972281, (published documents);
British Patent No. 774,495;
Technical measurement archive (ATM), delivery 246/1956, see p. R. 67 to 70. 1 sheet of drawings 409 770/163 1.65 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin