DE1174290B - Aqueous emulsion for the finishing and antistatic finishing of textile fibers, threads and yarns - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Boarding school Class: D 06 w

German class: 8k -1/08

Number: 1174 290

File number: C 23019IV c / 8 k

Filing date: December 22, 1960

Opening day: July 23, 1964

The invention relates to an aqueous emulsion, for the finishing and antistatic finishing of textile fibers, threads and yarns with one Content of a fatty acid ester and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.

Excessive friction and the generation of static electricity often cause considerable inconvenience in textile operations, the problem being with synthetic fibers with hydrophobic Properties becomes particularly difficult. The uncomfortable friction and static disturbance will be always generated when moving fibers and yarns with rollers, rollers, guides and come into contact with other metallic surfaces, especially in dry atmospheres. So can solve the problem both during the manufacture of fibers and during further processing of fibers or threads into fabrics or other objects.

The reduction and regulation of high friction and static charges that occur with seamless or circular knitting or knitting is of particular importance, as they address the problem of avoiding differences in the length of the hosiery produced or the like very enlarged. The main cause of this difficulty is that it is not possible to do one maintain constant tension on the yarn while it is being moved. By building stronger Friction and static electricity make changes in the lengths of the hosiery practical uncontrollable as the twine tension cannot be regulated.

While there are a number of conditioning agents in the form of different types of lubricant compositions for the treatment of fibers and yarns that are to be used in the manufacture of hosiery, they have turned out to be various Dimensions with regard to the lubricating properties, the effectiveness in reducing the build-up static electricity or other properties have been found to be unsatisfactory. That is why in there is a need in technology for softeners that are able to solve the problem of high friction and the Eliminate static generation when applied to fibers and yarns, especially for those Hosiery manufacture can be applied.

A method for improving the processability of polyester fibers is known, in which the fibers are treated with an aqueous emulsion of a lubricating oil which is a condensation product of 1 mol of a fatty alcohol with 1.5 to 5 mol of ethylene-aqueous emulsion for the finishing and
antistatic treatment of textile fibers,
threads and yarns

Applicant:

Monsanto Chemical Company,

St. Louis, Mo. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dr. E. Wiegand, Munich 15, Nussbaumstr. 10

and Dipl.-Ing. W. Niemann, Hamburg 1,

Patent attorneys

Named as inventor:
George Clifford Stow,
SE Decatur, Ala. (V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America December 23, 1959

(861 438)

oxide and a condensation product of 1 mole of a fatty alcohol with 15 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide. The emulsion can also contain a fatty acid ester. The lubricating oil can consist of a mineral oil consist of low viscosity; the amount of lubricating oil in the emulsion is 3 to 10 percent by weight. The amount of the two condensation products should each be 0.1 to 1 percent by weight Emulsion be, while the fatty acid ester in an amount of 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of the Emulsion can be added. In the known emulsion, the lubricating oil component predominates remaining disperse components of the emulsion and is about 70% of the non-aqueous phase. Like attempts have shown that the known emulsion gives only a limited lubricating effect.

The object of the invention is to create an aqueous emulsion for the finish and the antistatic Finishing of textile fibers, threads and yarns, a particularly high level of use due to their use Reduction of the friction against metal in the processing of the textile is allowed.

The aqueous emulsion according to the invention is characterized by having from 5 to 30% solids contains which from 20 to 80 percent by weight of a

409 637/391

3 4

Ester of a reinbasischen aliphatic acid having mally it is not necessary, more than about 0.1 from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a monohydric to 0.5 ° / _0, based on the total solid weight cyclic alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the strong basic compound, to add, and 80 to 15.5 percent by weight of a by condensation - if desired, by a mineral oil with

Sation of 1 mol of a monohydric aliphatic 5 with a viscosity within the range of approximately alcohol with 14 to 22 carbon atoms and 5 to 50 to 100 SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds) with 20 mol of ethylene oxide formed addition compound 37.8 ⁰ C part of the fatty ester component substituted persist. will. The mineral oil can be either predominantly

If desired, some of the fatty acid can be paraffinic or naphthenic, with one white esters is preferred by a mineral oil with a viscosity of io oil, as white oils do not tend to about 50 to 100 SUS at 38 ° C should be replaced in such a way as to cause yarn discoloration. When applied the content of fatty acid ester predominates and preferably the mineral oil can be about 10 to 25% of the total, wisely more than twice that of mineral oil. Solids present in the composition from-Die Esters in particular can make of saturated ones. Generally speaking, be the best Fatty acids or acids that only have an olefinic 15 results when the amount of used Group contain, be derived, e.g. B. of capric, fatty acid esters more than twice that of mineral oil Undecane, lauric, tridecane, myristic, pentadecane, on a weight basis.

Palmitin, margarine, stearin, nonadecane or as part of the aqueous emulsions according to the

Arachidic acid. Suitable acids for the esters are invention, certain arbitrary additives, however, 7-hexadecenoic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, 20 such as a water-absorbent compound and a 13-docosenoic acid or 9-octadecenoic acid. The charcoal bacteriostat, to be included, The acidic chain can either be straight or a water-absorbing or hygroscopic

be branches. Means is often used to maintain the water

Suitable alcohols for establishing the equilibrium of the emulsion system are useful Esters are methanol, ethanol, 1-pro-25 especially in low humidity atmospheres, which panol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-butanol, often during storage or during processing 1-pentanol, 3-methyl-l-butanol, heptanol or Oc- occur. Various polyvalent oxy compounds, tanol. Specific examples of esters used for such. B. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene purposes of the invention include: isoglycol, etc., may be suitable for this propyl palmitate, butyl stearate, isopropyl myristate, iso-30 purpose can be used, with diethylene glycol butyl aurate and isopropyl oleate. is preferred. In general it is not necessary

The fatty alcohol-ethylene oxide adduct component in an amount of more than 3 percent by weight is added by condensing a molar amount of total solids when adding a hygroeinhydric, acyclic C ₁₄ to C ₂₂ alcohol with a scopic agent of the type mentioned above about 5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide formed. Which is used.

Applied fatty alcohols can either be saturated As the compositions described here

or be unsaturated; suitable examples are: against deterioration due to bacterial attack, ben-tetradecanol, n-Hexadecanol, n-Octadecanol, η-Ei- but during long storage times, not immune cosanol, hexadecenol, octadecenol and octadeca-, it is generally desirable to be a bacteriostatic dienol. These condensation products create both agents and part of the composition to be antistatic as well as self-closing that requires emulsion. Examples of such agents that are considered suitable Shafts and forms an essential component that has been found to be the sodium salt of Compositions according to the invention. o-phenylphenol and alkylbenzyldimethylammonium

In some cases, such as when long storage chloride, the former being preferred. These times are to be expected, it may be desired that 45 agents are generally in use in the region of stability of these aqueous emulsions by comparison 1-3 ° / _0, based on the total weight of the use of a second emulsion-forming agent solids in the Composition effective, in addition to the above-mentioned fatty alcohol in the formation of the aqueous emulsions according to

Ethylene oxide adduct to enlarge. The salts that are used by the implementation of a 50 can be used particularly according to the invention. Thus, these compositions of higher fatty acids with oxyalkylamines can be formed by the simple trick that, for example with the salts, which from oil or solid constituents of the desired amount of water to stearic acid and diethanolamine, triethanolamine, add, what for about 3 to 5 minutes a 2-amino-1-methylpropanol etc. can be formed. When mixing with a Waring blender or other application, these substances are usually / _0, based on the weight joins the range of 45 to 55 ° C in a 55 mechanical means at a temperature in amount of about 5 to 15 °. All of the solids compositions present in the emulsion will generally be in the form of a solid. In the special case, if it is desired to produce a substance concentration between about 5 and 30%, one of the salts mentioned above, for example, but this is not a critical value, as triethanolamine oleate, as the second emulsion, but the solids content can fluctuate very widely To use forming agent, it can be used as such. The aqueous emulsions can be in any suitable

added or on the spot, for example by Neten way on the yarn to be conditioned or Addition of oleic acid and triethanolamine are applied in stoichio-threads. For example, the metric quantities. In the case of yarns and fibers are passed through a bath that In the latter working method, it is generally advisable to 65 contain the finishing composition, or they a strong, inorganic base, for example potassium, can hydroxide over or between driven rollers, add to be a complete saponification, partially immerse in a bath that leads to of the soap-forming reagents. Nor- contains the finishing composition. As already

mentioned, the composition of the equipment during the formation of the fibers or too applied at any time during the processing of the fibers into textile articles.

In those cases where cold drawing forms part of the fiber manufacturing operations, it is very advantageous to apply the finishing composition immediately after the formation of the threads and before the Apply cold stretching procedure. It is known that cold stretching is the stretching of synthetic textile thread at a multiple of its spun length to make the yarn larger To give strength, elasticity and other desirable properties. In the case of threads coming out synthetic, linear polyamides (nylon), this is generally achieved in that the Threads, while they are being formed, are passed over two rollers that run at different peripheral speeds driven, d. That is, a feed roll, which guides the moving yarn to the draw roll, runs at a lower peripheral speed operated as the draw roll, resulting in drawing of the yarn between the two Rolling leads.

To locate the stretching of the threads at a single point for a more uniform stretch To obtain this, the yarn is wound several times around a draw pin located between the feed roller and the draw roller is located. A large part of the friction and the air-electric charge are generated when the yarn is passed over the draw pin, and action is required taken to reduce the voltage and static charge during further processing. It has been found that the compositions according to the invention are advantageous for can be used for this purpose. That is, both friction and static electricity are during the cold drawing of the filaments with the finishing compositions according to Invention have been treated, markedly diminished. Generally good results will be achieved with both Cold stretching methods as well as textile processing methods with a precipitate Yarns treated with about 0.1 to 1.0% solids based on the weight of the yarn, achieved; however, larger amounts can optionally be used.

The invention is illustrated in more detail below by means of examples. All parts refer to unless otherwise specified, in parts by weight.

example 1

A mixture containing 75 parts of isopropyl palmitate and 25 parts of by condensing a molar amount of 1-hexadecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide formed adduct, was a sufficient amount Water added to give an aqueous mixture having a total solids content of 20%. the The resulting mixture then became mechanical for about 5 minutes at a temperature of 50 ° C stirred and a stable emulsion was formed.

B e i s ρ i e 1 2

A mixture containing 50 parts of isopropyl palmitate, 10 parts of a white mineral oil with a viscosity of 50 SUS at 37.8 ° C and 40 parts of that by condensing a molar amount of 1-hexadecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide formed adduct, a sufficient amount of water was added to to give an aqueous mixture having a total solids content of 5%. This mixture was then for about 5 minutes at a temperature of about 45 to 50 ° C by means of mechanical means stirred vigorously to form an aqueous emulsion.

Example 3

An aqueous emulsion with a solids content of 20% was formed by adding a mixture, the 50 parts of isopropyl myristate and 50 parts of the by condensing a molar amount of 1-hexadecanol contained adduct formed with 10 moles of ethylene oxide, added the required amount of water, This was followed by mechanical mixing for about 3 minutes while the aqueous mixture was mixed had a temperature of about 50 to 55 ° C.

Example 4

An aqueous emulsion having a solids content of 10% by weight was formed by a mixture comprising 50 percent by weight isopropyl palmitate and 50 percent by weight of the adduct 1 mole of 1-hexadecanol containing 10 moles of ethylene oxide was added. The resulting mixture was Mechanically stirred for about 3 minutes at a temperature of about 45 to 50 ° C, after which a stable Emulsion was formed.

Example 5

An aqueous emulsion was prepared having a total solids content of 10 percent by weight. The solids content comprised the following components:

Component Parts by weight isopropyl palmitate 48

White mineral oil (viscosity 50 SUS at
37.8 ⁰ C) 20

Adduct formed by condensation of
1 mole of hexadecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide 15.5

Diethylene glycol 2.0

Oleic acid 9.0

Potassium hydroxide 0.5

Triethanolamine 3.0

Sodium salt of o-phenylphenol 2.0

The emulsion was prepared by first adding isopropyl palmitate, the white oil, the hexadecanol-ethylene oxide adduct, Diethylene glycol, potassium hydroxide and one third of the oleic acid mixed. The rest on Oleic acid was then separately combined with the triethanolamine to form the soap. Thereafter was again in a separate and different stage the sodium salt of o-phenylphenol in an amount of water, which was necessary for the final mix,

25th

dissolved, and the triethanolamine oleate soap was added to this solution. Thereafter, the remainder of the previously mixed components were slowly added to the resulting aqueous mixture. A stable emulsion was formed by stirring the final mixture for 5 minutes with a mechanical stirrer at a temperature of about 45 to 50 ⁰ C.

Example 6

An aqueous emulsion was prepared which had a total solids content of 10 percent by weight exhibited. The solids present included the following ingredients:

Component Parts by weight isopropyl palmitate 68

Adduct formed by the condensation of 1 mole of hexadecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide 15.5

Diethylene glycol 2.0

Oleic acid 9.0

Potassium hydroxide 0.5

Triethanolamine 3.0

Sodium salt of o-phenylphenol 2.0

3o

The emulsion was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 5.

The compositions described in the above examples were made on 15/1 denier polyamide hosiery yarn applied in an amount of 0.2% based on the weight of the yarn. The yarns so treated were then tested for their ability to suppress friction while they are quickly stretched on metallic surfaces. To carry out this provision the test samples were initially bundled in such a way that each package had the same windings, had the same weight, shape, etc. The test then consisted of the yarn at a speed of about 274 m (300 yards) per minute over a contact surface made of polished, Chrome plated pins consisted of stretching, the angle of contact of the yarn on each pin 500 °. The tension along the threadline was at the point of decrease from the wrap and then determined again after the test thread came into contact with the chrome metal pins. The difference in the Tension between these two points creates a measure of friction under the test conditions is generated, d. that is, the smaller differences correspond to the lower friction. It is found that the test correlates extremely well with the results presented in Hosiery knitting operations were obtained.

To provide a basis for comparison for the testing services To provide the yarn finish compositions according to the invention has become a commercial one Yarn lubricant composition also tested under the same conditions. With all test samples the amount of finishing agent present on the test yarn was 0.2% based on weight of the yarn. The test results obtained are shown in the table below.

8th example T ₁ ( ¹ y T ₂ (S) (T ₂ -T ₁ ) I. 0.4
1.2
2.2
0.9
0.3
0.4
2.8 3.2
9.6
13.8
9.0
2.5
2.1
21.8 2.8
8.4
11.6
8.1
2.2
1.7
18.8 III IV V VI ₁₀ control ( ³ )

( ¹ JT ₁ = tension in grams when the lap is removed.

( ² ) T ₈ = tension in grams after the thread touched the chrome pins.

( ³ ) Control Commercially available yarn lubricant composition.

From the values given above it can be seen that the yarn finish compositions according to the invention have a remarkable ability to reduce the friction caused by the rapid movement is generated by yarn over a processing pad made of metal. They also cause Compositions provide a significant reduction in static charge normally caused by the Rubbing of yarn on metallic surfaces occurs while it is high on these surfaces Speeds is guided. In a comparison test with yarns that had a commercially available Equipment included found that the test samples made with the approaches according to the invention treated, developed only half of the static charge of test threads, containing the commercial yarn lubricant composition. The one used for this determination The test procedure consisted of stretching the test samples over a metal surface, with such Factors such as the yarn speed and the contact with the metal surface were controlled. To After contact with the metal surface, the test yarn was measured by a probe of the inductive type where the charged yarn induces a charge on the probe. This charging was induced then amplified and recorded. The measurement of the amount of charge induced on the probe was made with the help of an electrometer tube.

From the above description and examples it can be seen that the novel compositions according to the invention in conditioning materials used in textile manufacture are of great value. In addition, they are also found in the manufacture of threads and Yarns, d. H. to create a lubrication for the stretching process use. Besides, these are Benefits without the disadvantages often associated with the use of coating compositions for Textiles are connected; d. that is, the compositions described herein have essentially none Odor and develop no odor either when standing or under working conditions in the system. They are non-flammable, non-volatile, do not etch the metal of the treatment systems and are for Workers on the systems are not toxic. It is extremely rare for all of these skills to be pronounced enough can be found in a single finishing composition, and it is difficult to to find two or more different substances that can be mixed in a compatible manner, their Skills can complement each other to make all prominent

To obtain the listed properties that are desired in the conditioning material.

Although the explanation of the invention as given here is largely based on its application in the conditioning of polyamide yarns for the manufacture of hosiery, it can be seen that the invention is generally applicable to hydrophobic synthetic fibers and that they are in all Is useful in cases where it is either desired or necessary to provide these fibers with lubricity and impart antistatic properties, be it during their formation or during textile manufacturing processes. Examples of synthetic fibers to which the invention is based other than those made from synthetic linear polyamides (nylon) obtained, can be used with advantage, are those that made of polyesters, polyethers, polyacetals, vinyl polymers, ethylene polymers, acrylonitrile and numerous Copolymers of these and other polymers are produced.

Test report

Four yarn lubricant compositions were prepared, each of which was an aqueous one 20 weight percent total solids emulsion consisted of each of the four compositions contained the following solids:

Points gives a measure of the friction that is generated under the test conditions, with lower Differences correspond to a weaker friction. This test has been found to be remarkably good agrees with the values that resulted from the knitted or knitted durability of hosiery. at In all sample samples, the amount of finishing agent present in the test yarn was 0.2%, based on the Weight of the yarn. The test results obtained are listed in the table below:

approach T ₁ ?) Γ ₂ ( ² ) (.T ₁ -T ₁ ) A. 1.2 9.8 8.6 B. 0.5 5.7 5.1 C. 0.4 4.4 4.0 D. 0.4 3.1 2.7

approach

Isopropyl palmitate

White mineral oil (viscosity
50 SUS at 38 ⁰ C)

Addition product formed
by the condensation of
1 mole of hexadecanol with
10 moles of ethylene oxide

Diethylene glycol

Oleic acid

Potassium hydroxide.
Triethanolamine ..

Sodium salt of
phenol

o-phenyl

Parts by weight
A BIC D

- 20th

70

48

15.5 15.5 1 2 9 9 0.5 0.5 3
1 3
j
I.
2

48

20th

15.5

0.5

70

35

15.5 1
9 0.5

40

45

The compositions listed above were applied to a polyamide yarn for hosiery with a denier of 15/1 in an amount of 0.2% based on the weight of the yarn. The so treated yarns were then rapidly drawn over metal surfaces for their ability to suppress or dampen friction, evaluated. To make this determination, the samples were first wound so that each package of yarn had the same winding, weight, shape, and so on. In the test, the yarn was drawn at a speed of about 274 m (300 yards) per minute over a contact or touching surface comprised of two polished chrome-plated pins, the contact angle of the yarn on each pin being 500 °. The thread tension was determined at the time the winding was removed and then after the test thread came into contact with the chrome pins. The tension difference between these two (*) T ₁ = tension in grams when the winding was removed (average of four trials).

( ² ) 7 * 4 = tension in grams after contacting the yarn with the chrome pins (average of four tests).

From the above test results, it can be seen that there is a remarkable improvement in with regard to the damping of yarn friction by increasing the concentration of the fatty acid ester (Isopropyl palmitate) at the expense of the mineral oil component in the composition of the yarn conditioning agent and the best results due to the complete elimination of the mineral oil component in one corresponding increase in the fatty acid ester component were achieved.

Claims (5)

Patent claims: 1. Aqueous emulsion for the finishing and antistatic finishing of textile fibers, threads and -Yarns with a content of a fatty acid ester and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, thereby characterized as being 5 to 30% solids contains, which from 20 to 80 percent by weight of an ester of a monobasic aliphatic acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a monohydric cyclic alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 80 to 15.5 percent by weight of a monovalent one by condensation of 1 mol aliphatic alcohol with 14 to 22 carbon atoms and 5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide formed There are accumulation connection. 2. Aqueous emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the fatty acid ester is replaced by a mineral oil with a viscosity of 50 to 100 SUS at 38 ⁰ C in such a way that the fatty acid ester content predominates and is preferably more than twice that of the mineral oil . 3. Aqueous emulsion according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the solids 10 to 60 percent by weight of the ester, 15.5 to 80 percent by weight the addition compound and up to 25 percent by weight mineral oil. 4. Aqueous emulsion according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the solids additionally 5 to 15% of an oxyalkylamine salt of a fatty acid as an emulsifier up to 3% by weight of one hygroscopic agent, e.g. B. a polyvalent oxy compound such as glycols, and 1 to 3 percent by weight a sodium salt of o-phenylphenol 409 637/391 11 12 or alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride as an oxyalkylamine in the presence of 0.1 to contain bacteriostatic agent. 0.5% of a strong inorganic base is formed 5. Aqueous emulsion according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that the added emulsion. Formative agents in situ from a fatty acid and 5 Deutsche Auslegeschrift No. 1 004 768. -H »637/391 7.64 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin