DE1163406B - Antenna arrangement with adjustable bundling of the scanning beam - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Boarding school KL: HO4d

German class: 21 a4- 46/01

Number: i 163 406

File number: H 40064 IX d / 21 a4

Filing date: July 28, 1960

Opened on: February 20, 1964

The invention relates to antennas for radiating or receiving electromagnetic Energy.

It used to be customary to use antennas in radar systems that had the directional characteristic was determined by the structure of the antenna system, while the direction of the beam was determined by the spatial location of the antenna system was given. To achieve the required beam bundling, the antenna systems had to be quite large and extensive. As a result, these antenna systems possessed considerable mass, which imposed limits on the speed, with which such an antenna system can be moved. In addition, great forces act on it Antenna system when exposed to strong wind.

These and other problems are particularly severe with missile radar systems. A partial solution The problem that arises is the placement of the antenna system inside a Streamlined radar hood attached to the missile. Even if such radar hoods are more or less permeable to electromagnetic radiation, they can distort the Cause radar beam. In addition, these radar hoods protrude from the surface of the missile out and then create undesirable aerodynamic drag.

A number of attempts have been made to develop antenna assemblies that deal with the Arrange the outer surface of the missile flush. In one embodiment of this type, with the surface Flush-mounted antenna systems use a waveguide system that has a variety of contains radiating openings which lie in the surface of the missile. This type of antenna is required does not have a radar hood and does not produce the aerodynamic one normally produced by an antenna Resistance. But so far it has not been possible to achieve a completely satisfactory one with antennas of this type To achieve mastery of the directional characteristic. In addition, it is extremely difficult if not impossible, the direction of the emitted electromagnetic beam within to vary a sufficiently large solid angle range.

The aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned. It is based on an antenna arrangement with adjustable focusing of the scanning beam using a waveguide that the electromagnetic energy propagates in two different waveforms and along it Antenna arrangement with adjustable focusing of the scanning beam

Applicant:

Hughes Aircraft Company, Culver City, Calif.

(V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. G. Eichenberg

and Dipl.-Ing. H. Sauerland, patent attorneys,

Düsseldorf 10, Cecilienstr. 76

Named as inventor:

Robert E. Plummer, North Hollywood, CaUf.

(V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America November 2, 1959

(No. 851 212)

Wall several abstracters are attached, which are only excited by the one waveform while due to the other waveform there is no electromagnetic energy via the radiators in the room is transmitted outside the waveguide. According to the invention is in such an antenna arrangement each emitter is assigned a coupling and control device, by means of which the one waveform in the others is transferred with the desired intensity in such a way that the electromagnetic energy via the individual emitters are neither decoupled nor coupled in or emitted in a controllable amount at will or is received. By means of an antenna arrangement designed in this way, electronic Paths a desired angular range can be scanned at high speed, this angular

409 509/283

In a side wall 30 of the waveguide 12, a number of openings are made, which are used to Electromagnetic energy contained in the traveling wave from the interior of the waveguide 12 into the 5 space outside the waveguide 12 to be decoupled. These openings can have any shape; In the example under consideration, they consist of a series of elongated ones that are practically identical to one another Slots of the type shown in FIG. 1 pictured

do not intersect any of the slots, with the result that the slots are unable _{to couple energy from the TE 10} wave out of the waveguide 12 to the outside. In contrast, the electromagnetic energy, which propagates in the waveguide as TE ₀₁ wave, induces currents in the side wall 30 which excite the slots. As a result, at least some of the energy dissipated in any of the slots in the TE ₀₁ -

area can definitely be a solid angle area. In addition, the characteristics of the scanning beam control electronically.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the waveguide has a rectangular cross-section, and the Radiators are represented by a series of radiating openings in one wall of this waveguide. Furthermore, the coupling and control device expediently consists of each individual emitter

a device for rotating the plane of polarization io slot 32 D. These slots are along the central

the shaft, e.g. B. arranged in a manner known per se from the line of the side wall 30,

a ferrite arranged inside the waveguide. The slots are relatively narrow

core and a magnetic core wrapped around the ferrite core, but with a resonance length, whereby they

kitchen sink. Geren expansion completely or approximately parallel to the Further measures for the expedient further 15 axis of the waveguide 12 extend. The one from the

Formation of the antenna designed _{according to the invention TE 10} -WeIIe in the side wall 30 induced currents arrangement are explained below with reference to some embodiments that are shown in the drawing. There shows

1 shows a partially sectioned perspective 20 Illustration of an antenna system that represents an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 is an elevation of an antenna system in opposite direction F i g. 1 modified form and

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a control shaft type is present, through this slot back

systems for the antenna system according to FIG. 2. coupled through to the outside.

An embodiment of the invention is the order of the individual degrees of coupling between the

1 shows the antenna system 10, which is used for slots 32 and the traveling wave in the waveguide 12

To be able to control the emission of a beam of electromagnetic energy independently of each other is always gie in the room. The system consists of a device that rotates the electromagnetic field.

Number of waveguides that are designed so that at device 34 A to 34 G in front of each individual slot 32

they elek-ordered one or more sources not shown, by means of which the field of the traveling wave

tromagnetic energy can be connected. can be rotated. In addition, a further

In the example shown, only two more practical devices 34 H for rotating the electromagnetic waveguide 12 and 14 are shown. There is a 35 table field behind the last 32 G slot.

however, can be found in the following description.

that, instead, only a single waveguide or I _n the example under discussion can be but for which a larger number of waveguides comparable devices for rotating the elektomagnetischen applies, if required. The first waveguide 12 is of the so-called quasi-40 reason for the presence of a ferrite matric type, in which the individual side rials in connection with a magnetic field are identical to the magnet walls 24, 26, 28 and 30 Have length. The fact that this ferrite material rotates has the consequence that the waveguide 12 is able to electro-magnetically act on the electric field at a certain angle with equal ease, while traveling waves propagate through the ferrite material in two different energy levels. Propagate the devices for rotation of the fundamental elek type. For example, the tromagnetic field 34 can all be a wandering energy wave along the hollow and contain the coils 36 A to conductors as TE ₁₀ wave or TE ₀₁ wave or in 36 H around the outer jacket of the waveguide 12 both Wave types are propagated. Which are elec- trically wound around. A direct current flowing through an Irish field of these two major oscillation types 50 of these coils consequently generates a magnetic field inside the waveguide 12 shown in FIG. 1 by the two arrows E _{1 and E b.} It is also interpreted. Inside the waveguide there is a ferrite core 38, which is attached to the input 16 of the waveguide 12 in such a way that it is aligned with the magnetic field and placed on a microwave generator as desired. This core 38 can be coupled from a single frequency, which makes it possible to consist of 55 pieces that are continuous over the, a traveling wave, the electromagnetic length of the total electromagnetic length of the waveguide 12 extending cylinder energy oscillates at this frequency, along which the forms. If necessary or desirable to propagate waveguides 12. This source, which is not shown in FIG. 1, the core can also consist of several ferrite pieces, can be of any conventional construction, each of which is one of the associated magnetic design. However, you should if possible have 60 coil 36 corresponding length and jean the waveguide 12 be coupled so that they are arranged in Weil in the middle of this coil 36, builds him a traveling wave, which extends in this latter type of arrangement Waveguide 12 propagates exclusively as TE ₁₀ wave. The other end 20 of the waveguide 12 is in contact with the slots 32, with the result that the one energy-absorbing load member is closed off. 65 slots themselves from the influence of the magnetic field This means that all energy that this end 20 is isolated from. Pieces of non-ferritic material are sufficient, absorbed there and not thrown back into the hollow conductor with the same dielectric constant as the ferrite conductor 12. pieces can be placed between these where the

Slots 32 are located to allow unwanted reflection of microwave energy within of the waveguide is avoided.

If a direct current is allowed to flow through any of the coils 36 A to 36 H , a magnetic flux is generated within the waveguide 12 and in the ferrite core 38, which influences the field of the traveling wave in such a way that it is rotated through a certain angle while the Microwave reversed polarity results in a reverse rotation of the traveling wave field into the TE ₁₀ state. The entire energy of the traveling wave, which reaches the slots that follow the coils 36 E, 36 F and 36 G through which current flows in the opposite direction 5, is then again in a state of oscillation which does not excite these slots. As a result, no electromagnetic energy emerges from the waveguide through these slots.

energy passes the coil. Direction and amount of this io. The slots that are excited rotation are a function of the amount and are intended, as well as the size of this excitation independent of the direction of the coil 36 flowing through each other by the size of the current through the individual. During the traveling wave field, coils 36 A to 36 G control currents flowing. The tends to rotate, the state of propagation of this wave coil 36 H can be used to start again with the energy required to go from the TE ₁₀ state to the TE ₀₁ state via the end 20 of the waveguide 12, or vice versa. A twist of exactly
90 ° has a complete change of the state of reproduction from one to the other
Condition. A rotation less than 90 °
has the consequence, however, that a component zo

finally to put in the TE _{10 state.} In the event that any energy is reflected from this end of the waveguide, one is then at least certain that it does not excite the slots.

If one were to simply let the energy exiting through the slots 32 radiate into the room, so the resulting radiation would combine to form a bundle of rays, the waveguide 12 would be effective as an antenna. The direction of the beam

the traveling wave _{propagates in the TE 10} state and another in the TE ₀₁ state.

It is ensured that the energy supplied to the waveguide 12 appears exclusively as a TE ₁₀ wave
propagates, the electric field of the wave would be oriented by various factors as shown in FIG. 1 can be influenced by the arrow E _a , is indicated, among other things, by the size. There is then no coupling of the slots and their mutual spacing, furthermore between the energy propagating along the waveguide 12 due to the relative phase relationship of the energy emerging from the individual traveling wave and the slots 32. Usually be careful. If, however, a direct current of any- 30 would be the direction of the beam with respect to a certain size in one of the coils, for example in the waveguide, it would flow at right angles to coil 36 D , then the field would become the wandering direction Axis of this waveguide 12 run. The wave, during this entire structure, the magnetic field of the coil 36 D would therefore behave like a happened, rotate by an amount which is smaller than the intermediate between an antenna arrangement for 90 °. Behind this current-carrying coil 36D 35 longitudinal radiation and one for transverse radiation, the traveling wave then appears with two components separated by the shape of the directional characteristic of the beam, one of which in the TE ₁₀ - is determined by the number of excited slots 32 and state, the other, on the other hand, in the TE ₀₁ state due to the relative amplitudes of the schiit oscillates from this. In this way, at least the first radiation emerging on the zen is determined. Coil 36 D through which the pre-current flows, following slot 32 D 4 ° accordingly, a change in the current strength of the currents flowing through the individual coils 36 propagating in the waveguide 12 excites a verder wave, with at least a partial change in the shape of the beam resulting in the energy present in the TE ₀₁ state from the with a single waveguide, such as the waveguide, the waveguide 12 is coupled to the outside. It is 12, it would be possible to achieve a beam bundling or beam the amount of focusing 45 emerging from the slot 32 D in planes which contain the axis energy as a function of the amplitude of the waveguide 12 and / or the slots 32. ₀₁ TE state propagating component, although it would be possible in principle, in turn, radiate the slots, this amplitude is a function of the current directly into the room, and thus the radio strength is 36 D in the coil. to take over an antenna structure,

Should one more or should after another 50 it has turned out to be better for everyone

Slots following the slot 32 D in the same individual slot 32 A to 32 G an auxiliary hollow

or in a different dimension than the slot 32 D to use guides 38 A to 38 G. The auxiliary waveguide

are excited, for example the slots 32 E, 32 F are all practically the same as one another

and / or 32 G, the corresponding coils must have a rectangular cross-section and a proportionate

36 E, 36 F and / or 36 G also of equal 55 short overall length. Each individual waveguide 38

electricity flows through it. The size of the corresponding is rigidly connected to the main waveguide 12, where-

corresponding currents can be chosen so that at the end of each waveguide 38 with a

each such rotation of the electric field of the slots 32 coincides. The broad sides of the

of the traveling wave shows that the generated amplitude waveguides 38 run parallel to the longitudinal dimensions of the components of the 60 sung of the slots 32, _{which oscillate in the TE 01} state, so that the open ends 42 A

Traveling wave is sufficient to form a straight row to the desired degree up to 42 G of the waveguide 38.

the excitation of the slots 32 E, 32 F and / or 32G
to achieve.

Is to prevent any of the following

All of the energy passed through one of the slots 32
emerges from the waveguide 12, now migrates
through one of the auxiliary waveguides 38 and is of the

Slots 32 E, 32 F or 32 G on the traveling wave at 65 sen open ends 42 radiated into the room,

is coupled, so one lets a current of vice versa. Each individual auxiliary waveguide 38 contains one

Reversed polarity by using the appropriate coil phase shifter to control the phase of the out of the coil

E, 36 F and 36 G flow respectively. Such a current around openings 42 escaping electromagnetic

Radiation. Each of these phase shifters contains a coil 44 A to 44 G, which is wound around the outer jacket of the auxiliary waveguide assigned to it, as well as a ferrite core 46 which is located in the interior of this waveguide 38. The core 46 can either consist of ferrite strips on the upper and lower wide walls of the waveguide 38, which results in a negative phase shift, or of a ferrite rod in the middle of the waveguide 38,

The center of the waveguide 14, as well as coils 54, which are placed around the outer walls of the waveguide 14 are. These coils 54 and the core 52 then determine the amount of energy from the 5 waveguide 14 can be coupled out through each of the slots 48.

In addition, separate auxiliary waveguides 56 are provided for each individual slot 48. This auxiliary waveguide 56 practically look the same as the auxiliary waveguides, which results in a positive phase shift. io 38 of the first waveguide 12, with its ends a The current in one of the coils 44 generates a second row of radiating openings 58 inside, of the associated ferrite core and waveguide a parallel to the first row of openings 42 vermagnetic Constant field. Since the auxiliary runs. Each of these auxiliary waveguides 56 is provided with a pre-waveguide 38 is a rectangular waveguide, is equipped for the phase shift direction, which is sufficient this constant field off, the phase of each through the 15 each laid around the outer walls of the waveguide 56 Coil 60 and a ferrite core 62 mounted inside this waveguide 56. The currents flowing through the coils 60 control the phase relationships of the 20 individual openings 58 radiated waves among each other.

In order to scan an area with the antenna structure 10 by means of a beam of electromagnetic energy, one leads the generated in a microwave source

the traveling wave. The current in these coils 36 determines the energy at the input ends 16 and 18 of the waveguides, therefore, the degree of beam bundling or 12 and 14 is appropriate. The energy is then planted along the beam focusing in planes containing the openings
42 included. It is also readily understood that a change in the currents flowing into the

Waveguide 38 to control propagated energy. So you can easily change the phase of each Control the waves emerging from the various waveguides by simply directing the current into the associated Coils 44 adjusts accordingly.

A change in the coil 36 of the devices for rotating the electromagnetic The field of flowing current controls the degree of coupling between the slots 32 and the energy

the waveguides 12 and 14 continue in the form of TE ₁₀ waves. The energy that propagates in this type of wave is for the excitation of the slots 32 and 48

Devices for phase shifting flow, the 30 ineffective; so it won't be relative phase positions of the out of the openings 42 from energy from the traveling waves through the slots

one of the two waveguides 12 and 14 decoupled. To the emission of a bundle of electromagnetic Energy from the antenna structure 10 to be

changing waves and thus determines the direction of the emitted beam.

Will be even more extensive tax options

for the bundling of the rays and the direction of the rays, one allows the previously selected combination lengths, so you can add other waveguides, such as the functions of the coils for rotating the electromagnet Fig. 1 provide waveguide 14 shown. Marked in the table field 36/1 to 36G and 54Λ to 54G For example, only a single additional was voted currents to flow. When the energy in the Waveguide 14 shown. However, it is clear that traveling waves can also use the coils and associated ferrite If a larger number of such waveguide cores passes, it rotates according to the previous turn can, if an even more complete control chosen magnetization, the electric field of this the beam direction and the beam shape is desired. Traveling waves, and they arise wherever you go

The waveguide 14 is practically constructed in the same way the excitation of one of the slots 32 or 48 desires as the waveguide 12. It in turn has quadra components of the propagating energy in the form of tables and can therefore _{oscillate electromagnetic 45 TE 01} state. Propagate the ratio of the AnEnergie both in the TE ₁₀ and in the TE ₀₁ excitation intensities of the slots 32 in the first cavity. The input 18 of the waveguide 12 to each other and the mutual connection 14 can be connected to the same microwave energy source depending on the excitation intensities of the slots 48 as the input 16 of the first hollow second waveguide 14 determines the size of the beam guide 12. The energy is so in the waveguide 14 5 ° sharpening or bundling in planes which are fed in that they are contained in this as TE ₁₀ -WeIIe openings 42 and 58, respectively. The ratio of the spreads. In one side wall of the waveguide 14 excitation intensities of the slots 32 to which there is a row of slots 48, the prak-slots 48, however, determine the size of the beam table are designed exactly as the slots 32 in the sharpening in planes perpendicular to the side wall 26th first Waveguide 12. The longitudinal dimensions of these 55. By suitable control of the currents, slots 48 can therefore run parallel to the slots 32 in the coils 36 and 54 which emerge from the openings 42 first waveguide 12 and parallel to the axis of the second waveguide 14. Accordingly, the Slots

48 of the TE ₁₀ wave inside the waveguide
14 propagating energy is not stimulated, but 60
of the energy that propagates as TE ₀₁ wave.
Here, too, is a separate device 50 for
Rotation of the electromagnetic field for everyone
of the slots 48 and another such device behind the last of these slots. These devices 50 can practically just as well be effectuating the beam direction in planes which are constructed like the devices 34 for the first one containing the openings 42. In addition, the waveguides 12, i.e. from a ferrite core 52 in the currents in the coils 60, can be coordinated with one another in such a way that

and 58 emanating electromagnetic waves into a pencil beam or any other desired Collimate or focus beam shape.

The control device available for the antenna structure 10 can also bring about a change in the currents in the phase-shifting coils 44 and 60. You can thereby the phases of the emerging from the openings 42 A to 42 G

that a control of the beam direction results in planes which contain the openings 58.

In addition, the currents in the coils 44 can be matched to the currents in the coils 60 that one has a control of the relative phase shifts between the waves resulting from a series of Openings 42 exit and receive the waves emerging from the other row of openings 58. This results in a control of the beam direction in planes perpendicular to the side wall 26.

It is also possible to focus the beam by controlling the currents in coils 36 and 54 as well as changing the direction of the beam by controlling the currents in coils 44 and 60. That has the consequence that the beam can scan an entire area with purely electronic means, whereby the need to move any parts of the antenna structure mechanically is eliminated.

In order to get a control option for the individual coils, one can proceed in such a way that a power source is connected to a commutator device such as slip rings and brushes. This device takes over the power supply of the coils to rotate the electric field in a certain section of the antenna structure, the energy of the traveling wave in this section is decoupled into the auxiliary waveguide and emitted from the open ends of the same.

To collimate the emitted energy, can the commutator device is also used to supply power to the phase-shifting devices use, which are located on the auxiliary waveguides, in order to shift the phase of the emitted To get signals. You can adjust the angle of inclination with the help of the phase-shifting coils control of the emitted beam. If you want a sharper focus, you can do one Use the number of structures described.

If you want to let the electromagnetic beam sweep over a larger area, so can to do this in FIG. 2 and 3 use the antenna structure shown. In this embodiment there is the antenna from a number of waveguides that form practically complete circles and one are arranged above the other in such a way that they are all perpendicular to the axis of the antenna structure stand. The inputs 104 of the waveguides are located in the immediate vicinity of the outputs 106 and are adapted so that they can absorb electromagnetic energy from a waveguide 108, the this waveguide 108 brings it from an energy source.

Each of the waveguides 102 has a practically square cross-section, so that a traveling wave of electromagnetic energy can propagate in it in two different fundamental waveforms, e.g. B. in TE ₁₀ and TE ₀₁ state.

The waveguide 108 is connected to the input 104 in such a way that a traveling wave of electromagnetic energy is _{excited in the waveguide 102 exclusively as a TE 10} wave and only propagates in this state. The exit 106 of the waveguide 102 is terminated with a non-reflective load member that absorbs any energy that reaches that end 106.

The outer cylindrical walls of the waveguides 102 have a number of openings which are suitable are to couple energy from a traveling wave inside the waveguide 102 to the outside. in the present example, these openings consist of elongated slots that have a certain resonance length have and their longitudinal extent extends in the direction of the waveguide circumference.

As a result of this arrangement of the slots, energy that is present in the waveguide 102 in the TE ₁₀ state does not build up any currents which can lead to the excitation of these slots. As a result, no energy, which propagates in this TE ₁₀ state, is coupled out through the slots into the outer space of the waveguide 102.

About the degree of coupling between the individual slots and the energy in the traveling wave To be able to control each slot individually, is a device for shortly before each individual slot Rotation of the electromagnetic field attached. These devices to rotate the electrical Field are practically constructed in the same way as the corresponding devices in the case of the one discussed above first embodiment of the invention. Any device for rotating the electromagnetic The field consists, among other things, of a coil 112, which is wound around the outside of the waveguide 102, and a ferrite core 114, which is located in the center of the waveguide 102. To the simpler one For the sake of illustration, only one of these coils 112 has been shown in the drawings; but is for everyone single slot such a coil is available. The ferrite core 114 can be practically uninterrupted Ring made of ferrite or consist of a number of individual pieces that come together with the coils 112 attached, and a number of non-ferrite pieces forming the slots assigned.

The current in the coils 112 is regulated by a controller 116 which is a power source with a number of separate outputs 118, 120, 122, 124 and 126. Each exit is set up in such a way that that it supplies a direct current of a certain magnitude, that of the same magnitude or of a different magnitude Can be larger than the currents supplied by the other outputs. The outputs are individual connected to one slip ring 128, 130, 132, 134 and 136 each. These rings are fixed.

There is also a rotating commutator which includes a number of segments 140, whose Number of the coils 112 on the waveguide 102 corresponds. A pre-selected group of Segments 140 is grounded at 142 while another group is connected to brushes 144, that slide on the slip rings. Each one of the coils 112 stands with one or more brushes 145 in connection that slide on the surface of the commutator 138 and contact in turn get 140 with the individual segments. As a result, when the commutator 138 rotates, the Coils 112 are supplied with current in sequence, the currents in the coils 112 being a predetermined one Have strength that results from the currents supplied by the outputs 118 to 126.

Since the currents in the coils 112 determine the amount of energy that can be coupled out through the slots, when the commutator is rotating the energy is successively coupled out of the individual slots in such a way that a beam of constant shape results which rotates around the axis of antenna structure 100. The arrival

409 509/293

number of slots excited simultaneously in each waveguide 102 and their relative amplitudes Excitations determine the degree of focusing of the radiation, thereby controlling this focusing is made possible.

In addition, there is a single auxiliary waveguide for each slot outside of the waveguide 102 146. The inner ends of these auxiliary waveguides 146 are attached to the waveguide 102 that they are with the slots coincide, with the entire auxiliary waveguide 146 extending in the radial direction extend outside. The auxiliary waveguide 146 is preferably designed with a rectangular cross section, with the broad sides of these waveguides run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the slots. The outer or open ends of all so attached auxiliary waveguides form a circle of for each waveguide 102 radiant openings. All energy that is coupled out of a slot enters one of the auxiliary waveguides 146 and migrates through it until it radiates from its open end will. The amount of energy that is extracted from any given slot and resides in the associated auxiliary waveguide is of course a function of the current flowing in that coil 112 flows which is immediately before the slot in question.

Each individual auxiliary waveguide is equipped with an independent device for phase shifting, which is constructed similarly to that for the first embodiment of the invention. This phase shifter contains a coil 150 and a ferrite core 148. A separate coil 150 is required for each individual auxiliary waveguide 146 and a separate core 148; however, in order to simplify the illustration, there is only one core and one coil in Fig. 2 pictured. The coils 150 are connected to a commutator 152 via brushes 154, which is constructed similarly to the first commutator 138 or even a part of it. The segments of the commutator 152 are in turn connected to a current source, so that the coils 150 are sequentially traversed by electricity in a predetermined manner. The speed, with which the coils 150 are excited one after the other is the same with which the coils 112 are excited will. In this way, with the help of these coils 150, the beam direction of the emitted succeeds to change electromagnetic waves in planes which contain the axis of the antenna system 100, and in planes which are perpendicular to this axis.

The mode of operation of the antenna system 100 is as follows: Energy is supplied through the waveguide 108, the traveling waves in the waveguide 102 from microwave energy generated. At the same time, the commutators rotate at a speed that the corresponds to the desired scanning speed for the area to be scanned. The electromagnetic energy is thereby passed through the slots in the auxiliary waveguide coupled. The electromagnetic energy is drawn from the ends of the auxiliary waveguide radiated into the room. The whole thing happens in such an order that the ray coincides with the rotates at the same speed as the commutators 138 and 152. At the same time, the Coils 150 changed the relative phase positions of the various individual radiations, whereby the The entire beam is caused to pass through a predetermined angular range in planes, which contain the axis of the antenna system 100.

Since the small commutators 138 and 152 are the only moving parts, the scanning speed can be made extremely high, although it is nevertheless possible to use the sent Energy beam to scan an entire predetermined area.

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Antenna arrangement with adjustable focusing of the scanning beam using a Waveguide that propagates electromagnetic energy in two different waveforms and along its wall several radiators are attached, which only through the one waveform while the other waveform has no electromagnetic energy is transmitted via the radiator into the space outside the waveguide, marked in that each emitter is assigned a coupling and control device, by means of whose one waveform is converted into the other with the desired intensity in such a way that that the electromagnetic energy via the individual emitters is neither off nor at will coupled in or broadcast or received in a controllable amount. 2. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the waveguide is right-angled Has cross-section and the radiator through a series of radiating openings in a wall of this waveguide are shown. 3. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling and Control device for each individual emitter from a device for rotating the plane of polarization the wave exists, e.g. B. in a manner known per se from within the waveguide arranged ferrite core and a magnetic coil wrapping around the ferrite core. 4. Antenna arrangement according to claim 2 and 3, characterized by several in one plane arranged auxiliary waveguides, each of which is coupled to one of the radiating openings and contains in its interior a ferrite core enclosed by the magnetic coil, so that the Beam direction of the electromagnetic energy within the plane can be adjusted to pre-selected angles is. 5. Antenna arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the waveguide a has a straight axis. 6. Antenna arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the waveguide has a has a circular axis. 7. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a number of antennas are arranged parallel to each other and thus result in a structure by means of its the direction of radiation of the electromagnetic energy additionally at selectable angles is adjustable within a second plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the auxiliary waveguide. 8. Antenna arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the ferrite coupling and Control devices are arranged so that the magnetic coils assigned to them in a certain Sequence of current flowing through it to set both direction and shape of the beam control within the first as well as within the second level. References considered: USA. Patent Publication No. 2 892191, 2 931033. 1 sheet of drawings 409 509/293 2.6 * © Bundesdruckerei Berlin