DE112020005767T5 - LAMINATE WITH TRANSPARENT PANEL AND LAMINATED STRUCTURE WITH TRANSPARENT PANEL FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

A transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening of an automobile comprises a transparent plate and two or more printing layers spaced in the thickness direction, the transparent plate laminate having a peripheral edge portion having a range of 30 to is 500 mm from an edge of the transparent plate laminate, and has a main portion which is an inner portion surrounded by the marginal edge portion, and the printing layers are formed in the main portion.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a transparent plate laminate and a transparent plate laminated structure for automobiles.

2. Description of the Prior Art

As a member to be attached to an opening of a vehicle, such as a window material for a vehicle, a transparent-plate laminate having a transparent plate is known. Some such transparent sheet laminates are designed so that the amount of light passing through the transparent sheet laminate can be controlled. Of these, a so-called light-controlling window material is known, in which liquid crystals or the like can be enclosed, and which can control the amount of light passing through the transparent-plate laminate by applying a voltage (cf (e.g., Patent Documents 1 and 2).

document list

patent documents

• Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-36967
• Patent Document 2: Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. H2-95318

However, the light-controlling window material or the light-controlling laminated structure described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 requires a power supply unit and wiring, thereby reducing the number of elements and the complexity of the structure are increased, and this often leads to more complicated manufacture and higher costs.

Further, particularly when the use includes automobiles, there may be cases where the amount of light from outside the automobile that passes through the transparent plate laminate and enters the interior of the automobile can be controlled must vary depending on the angle of incidence of the light. The light-controlling window material or the light-controlling laminated structure described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 may not be suitable for some of these cases.

Summary of the Invention

It is therefore a general object of at least one aspect of the present invention to provide a transparent-plate laminate and a transparent-plate laminated structure for automobiles, which can adjust the amount of light passing through the transparent-plate laminate with a simpler structure .

One aspect of the present invention provides a transparent plate laminate to be attached to an opening of an automobile, comprising a transparent plate and two or more printing layers spaced in the thickness direction.

According to at least one aspect of the present invention, there can be provided a transparent plate laminate that can adjust the amount of light passing through the transparent plate laminate with a simpler structure.

character list

• 1 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a transparent plate laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 2A FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG 1 and Fig. 12 shows a transparent plate laminate according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
• 2 B Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the function of the print layer in the transparent plate laminate;
• 2C Fig. 12 shows a modification of the transparent plate laminate according to the first embodiment;
• 2D Fig. 12 shows another modification of the transparent plate laminate according to the first embodiment;
• 2E Fig. 12 shows another modification of the transparent plate laminate according to the first embodiment;
• 3 FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG 1 and Fig. 12 shows a transparent plate laminate according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
• 4A FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG 1 and shows a laminate with A transparent plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
• 4B Fig. 12 shows a modification of the transparent plate laminate according to the third embodiment; and
• 5 Fig. 12 shows the relationship of the irradiance ratio to the incident angle of light in Examples and Comparative Examples.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described below. In each drawing, the same or corresponding reference numerals may be assigned to the same or corresponding components without further explanation. Furthermore, the present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described below. Furthermore, when the symbol "-" is used to represent the range of a numeric value, that symbol includes the upper limit and the lower limit of that numeric value.

<Laminate with transparent panel>

the 1 12 is a perspective view showing a schematic appearance of a transparent plate laminate 100 according to the present embodiment. The transparent plate laminate 100 has as basic components a transparent plate (a transparent plate shaped body) 10 and further has a pattern PT visible to the naked eye. The top view shape of the transparent plate laminate 100 shown in FIG 1 is a quadrilateral as a whole, and particularly a non-square rectangle, but this shape in plan is by no means limited to the shape shown in the drawing. The transparent plate laminate 100 may be a quadrangle other than a non-square rectangle, it may be a polygon other than a quadrangle, or other shapes. It should be noted that the above shape is an approximate shape, and the vertices may be rounded, the sides may be curved, etc. Further, the transparent panel laminate 100 may be flat or curved. It should be noted that a plan view is for a view in a direction perpendicular to the tangent line at a given point on the transparent panel laminate 100 (the thickness direction of the transparent panel laminate 100).

In the present specification, for ease of explanation, a direction that runs along the main surface of the transparent panel laminate 100 is set as the x-direction, and the direction that runs along the main surface of the transparent panel laminate 100 and that is orthogonal to the x-direction is set as the y-direction. In the example of 1 For example, the longitudinal direction of the substantially rectangular transparent plate laminate 100 corresponds to the y-direction, and the lateral direction corresponds to the x-direction. Furthermore, in the 1 the direction running from left to right along the above x-direction is the +x-direction and the opposite direction is the -x-direction. The direction that runs from bottom to top along the y direction is the +y direction and the opposite direction is the -y direction. Although the x-direction and the y-direction are fixed for easy explanation, the x-direction and the y-direction may be any direction as long as these directions are orthogonal to each other along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 . A given direction, such as the x-direction or the y-direction, may be set as a direction that runs along a diagonal line of the transparent plate laminate 100 .

The transparent plate 10 is preferably a glass plate. The material for forming the glass plate may be an inorganic glass or an organic glass. Examples of the inorganic glass include a soda lime silicate glass, an aluminosilicate glass, a borate glass, a lithium aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, etc. Although the method for forming the glass sheet made of an inorganic glass is not particularly limited, a glass sheet is preferable, for example which has been manufactured by the float method or the like. The glass plate may be an untempered glass, or may be a tempered glass that has undergone a thermal toughening treatment or a chemical toughening treatment. The untempered glass is produced by forming a molten glass into a plate shape and heat-treating it. On the other hand, a tempered glass has a compressive stress layer formed on the surface of an untempered glass. When the tempered glass is a thermally tempered glass, the surface of the glass can be tempered by quenching the uniformly heated glass sheet from a temperature near the softening point and inducing a compressive stress on the glass surface by the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass . Further, when the tempered glass is a chemically strengthened glass, the surface of the glass can be tempered by inducing a compressive stress on the glass surface using an ion exchange process or the like.

When the glass plate is an organic glass, examples of its materials include transparent resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate), polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, etc.

The transparent plate 10 may be colored to an extent not impairing its transparency and to an extent not impeding the function of the print layer, which will be described later in the present embodiment. Further, for the transparent plate 10, a material that reflects or absorbs light rays having predetermined wavelengths such as ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, etc. can be used.

Furthermore, as stated in the 1 1, when attaching to an opening of a vehicle, an insulating layer 40 for protecting the sealant or the like which bonds and holds the transparent panel laminate 100 to the vehicle body may be provided on the marginal edge of the transparent panel laminate 100. The insulating layer 40 can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste comprising a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment and firing it. The insulating layer 40 may be provided on a surface closer to the interior of the vehicle when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached. Further, as will be described later, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is formed to have two or more transparent plates 10, such as in the case of laminated glass or the like, the insulating layer 40 can be inside the transparent plate laminate 100 are provided or be. For example, the insulating layer 40 may be provided on a transparent plate closer to the inside of the vehicle, on a surface closer to the outside of the vehicle, or it may be provided on a transparent plate closer to the outside of the vehicle on a surface be provided closer to the interior of the vehicle. Further, the insulating layer 40 may be provided on both a transparent plate closer to the outside of the vehicle and a transparent plate closer to the inside of the vehicle.

The insulating layer 40 is mainly provided in the peripheral edge portion Rp of the transparent plate laminate 100 . The width of the insulating layer 40 may vary depending on its position. In the present specification, the peripheral edge portion Rp is a range 30 mm to 500 mm from the edge of the transparent panel laminate 100. That is, the peripheral edge portion Rp is an area starting from the edge of the transparent panel laminate 100 and up to an upper limit ranges from 30 mm to 500 mm. The upper limit only has to be within this range and can be, for example, 500 mm, 400 mm, 300 mm, 200 mm, 100 mm or 50 mm. Further, the area on the inside of the peripheral edge area Rp is set as the main area Rm. It should be noted that when the insulating layer 40 is provided on a peripheral edge of the transparent plate laminate 100, the region where the insulating layer 40 is formed can be regarded as the peripheral edge region Rp in a plan view.

The transparent plate laminate 100 may be curved in whole or in part. In this case, the transparent plate 10, which is a component of the transparent plate laminate 100, may be processed into a predetermined curvature and may be curved. The radius of curvature of the transparent plate 10 can be 1000 mm to 100000 mm. When the transparent plate 10 is a curved inorganic glass, the transparent plate 10 is subjected to bending forming after forming based on the float method. Bend forming is performed by softening the glass by heating. The heating temperature of the glass in bending forming is about 550 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius. When attached to an opening of an automobile, the transparent panel 10 may have a simple curved shape in which the transparent panel 10 is processed and bent only in one direction, such as the front-rear direction or the vertical direction of the vehicle motor vehicle. Further, the transparent plate 10 may have a multi-curved shape in which the transparent plate 10 is processed and bent in the front-rear direction and in the vertical direction. For processing the transparent plate 10 into a predetermined curvature, bend forming based on gravity forming, compression molding, etc. can be used. When the transparent panel laminate 100 is formed to have two or more transparent panels 10, the radius of curvature may vary between a transparent panel closer to the outside of the vehicle and a transparent panel closer to the inside of the vehicle located, be the same or different.

The thickness of a transparent plate 10 can be 0.2 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 2.4 mm. When the transparent plate laminate 100 is formed to have two or more trans parente panels 10, the thickness of a transparent panel closer to the outside of the vehicle is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less at the thinnest part. When the panel thickness of the glass panel 12 is 1.1mm or more, the strength such as stone chipping resistance is sufficient, and when the panel thickness of the glass panel 12 is 3mm or less, the weight of the laminated glass 10 is not too heavy, which is preferred in terms of fuel efficiency of the vehicle. The plate thickness of the glass plate 12 at the thinnest part is more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less, and more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. The thickness of a transparent plate closer to the inside of the vehicle is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. When the thickness of the glass plate 11 is 0.3mm or more, the handleability is good, and when the thickness of the glass plate 11 is 2.3mm or less, the weight does not become too heavy.

The transparent plate laminate 100 is suitable for use, for example, as a window material to be attached to an opening of a vehicle, particularly an automobile. The transparent plate laminate 100 may be, for example, a roof window, a windshield, a rear window, a side window, etc.

Hereinafter, the laminated structure and the function of the transparent plate laminate 100 will be described with reference to the cross-sectional views ( 2 until 4A) of the transparent panel laminate 100 will be described in detail.

<First Embodiment>

the 2A until 2E 12 shows a first embodiment of the transparent plate laminate 100 according to this embodiment. the 2A until 2E are cross-sectional views along the line II in FIG 1 , ie, along the y-direction in the 1 .

In the first embodiment shown in the 2A until 2E shown, two transparent plates are used. That is, the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are used as the transparent plates 10 . For example, as it is in the 2A As shown, the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are connected by means of an intermediate layer 30 .

When two or more transparent plates are provided as in this example, these two or more transparent plates may be made of the same material, such as those described above, or may be made of different materials from each other. Furthermore, a number of transparent plates can have the same thickness or they can have varying thicknesses.

Further, when the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are formed with glass plates and bonded via the intermediate layer 30 as is the case in the example structure, the transparent plate laminate 100 is a laminated glass. Thermoplastic resins are widely used for the intermediate layer 30, and examples of these thermoplastic resins include thermoplastic resins which have heretofore been used for this kind of use, such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride-based resins, acetal-based resins a saturated polyester, plasticized saturated saturated polyester-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, plasticized polyurethane-based resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer-based resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, etc. Further is also the resin composition containing a modified block copolymer hydride and in which Japanese Patent No. 6065221 described is suitable for use. Of these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resins are particularly suitable for use because plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resins have an excellent balance of various performances such as transparency, weather resistance, rigidity, adhesive strength, permeation resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, sound insulation, etc These thermoplastic resins can be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof can be used together. "Plasticized" as in the above "plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resins" means that a plasticizer is added for plasticizing. The same applies to other plasticized resins.

Further, the intermediate layer 30 can use resins containing no plasticizer. Examples of resins containing no plasticizer include, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based resins or the like. Examples of the above polyvinyl acetal-based resins include polyvinyl formal resins obtained by reacting a polyvinyl alcohol (which may be referred to as “PVA” hereinafter) with formaldehyde Polyvinyl acetal resin in a narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, polyvinyl butyral resins (which may be referred to as "PVB" hereinafter) obtained by reacting PVA with n-butyraldehyde, etc. In particular, PVB is preferable because PVB has an excellent balance of various performance properties, such as transparency, weather resistance, rigidity, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, sound insulation, etc. It should be noted that these polyvinyl acetal-based resins can be used alone or two or more kinds of it can be used together.

However, the material for forming the intermediate layer 30 is by no means limited to thermoplastic resins. Further, the intermediate layer 30 may have one or more of an ultraviolet ray shielding effect, a heat insulating effect, and a sound insulating effect.

The layer thickness of the intermediate layer 30 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part. It should be noted that when the intermediate layer 30 is formed with a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, the layer thickness of the intermediate layer refers to the sum of the layer thickness of the first intermediate layer and the layer thickness of the second intermediate layer. When the layer thickness of the intermediate layer 30 is 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part, the impact resistance required for the laminated glass is satisfied. Furthermore, the layer thickness of the intermediate layer 30 at the thickest part is preferably 3 mm or less. When the maximum value of the layer thickness of the intermediate layer 30 is 3mm or less, the weight of the laminated glass does not become too heavy. The maximum value of the layer thickness of the intermediate layer 30 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and still more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

The intermediate layer 30 can have three or more layers. For example, by forming the intermediate layer with three or more layers and by setting the shear modulus of a given layer, excluding the layers on both sides, by adjusting the plasticizer or the like smaller than the shear moduli of the layers on both sides, the sound insulation properties of the laminate be improved with transparent plate 100. In this case, the shear modulus between the layers on both sides can be identical or different.

For producing the intermediate layer 30, for example, an appropriate resin material for the intermediate layer can be selected from the materials described above and subjected to extrusion molding in a heated and molten state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions of the extruder, such as the speed of extrusion, are uniformly adjusted. Thereafter, the intermediate layer 30 is finished, for example, optionally by stretching the extruded resin sheet to impart a given curvature to the top and bottom to match the design of the laminated glass. The laminated glass can be formed by placing the intermediate layer between a number of transparent plates that are glass plates and applying pressure and/or heat while degassing. For example, a laminate can be formed by arranging the intermediate layer 30 between a transparent panel located closer to the exterior of the vehicle and a transparent panel located closer to the interior of the vehicle. Then, for example, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag, rubber chamber, resin bag, etc., and bonded at a temperature of about 70 degrees Celsius to 110 degrees Celsius in a vacuum of -65 kPa to -100 kPa negative pressure. Further, for example, by performing a pressing process for applying heat and pressure under conditions of 100 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius and an absolute pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa, a transparent sheet laminate 100 with a still better Durability can be obtained. In some cases, however, this heating and pressurizing process can be omitted to simplify the process. That is, the method called "cold bending" can be used here, in which one or both of the transparent panel located closer to the exterior of the vehicle and the transparent panel located closer to the interior of the vehicle , is or will be elastically deformed and connected. The cold bending can be performed using a laminate formed with a transparent panel located closer to the exterior of the vehicle and a transparent panel located closer to the interior of the vehicle, and an intermediate layer 30 formed by a temporary Fixing means such as an adhesive tape, a squeegee or a rubber bag which are known, a device for applying pre-compression such as a rubber chamber, and an autoclave can be achieved.

The transparent sheet laminate 100 disclosed in US Pat 2A shown has, in addition to the basic structure of laminated glass, a first Printing layer 21 and a second printing layer 22 spaced in the thickness direction. These print layers are layers having a function of blocking or attenuating the transmission of light, and each print layer has a pattern extending along the main surface (xy plane) which can be seen in a plan view. That is, it is not that each print layer extends continuously over the entire main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 in a plan view, and instead each print layer may have a number of small print portions, and these multiple small print portions may be spaced from each other and in be arranged in a regular or irregular manner. The shape of the small print portions may be any shape such as a mesh shape, a lattice shape, a ribbon shape, a linear shape, an arc shape, etc., which does not impair the function of blocking or mitigating the transmission of light. Further, the print layers may include a number of small non-print portions (small portions not subjected to printing), and these plural small portions not subjected to printing may be spaced from each other and arranged in a regular or irregular manner . In the example given in the 2A As shown, two print layers are provided in the thickness direction, but the number of print layers is by no means limited to two, and there may be three or more or four or more as will be described later. However, considering the manufacturing cost, etc., the number of the printing layers is preferably 6 or less. The first print layer 21 and the second print layer 22 may at least partially overlap in a plan view. Further, in a plan view, the number of first small print portions and the number of second small print portions do not necessarily overlap or may partially overlap each other.

The method of forming print layers is not particularly limited, and print layers can be formed by applying an ink, for example. Examples of printing methods for forming print layers include ink jet printing, offset printing, gravure printing, screen printing, serigraphy, etc. Of these, screen printing is preferable in view of mass production taking productivity into account. On the other hand, in the case of small-lot production, ink-jet printing using no mold is preferable.

The ink can be water-based or oil-based, containing a colorant and a vehicle, and can be selected based on the desired print layer function, printing process, etc. The colorant may include known pigments or dyes, or both. Examples of the colorant include, for example: inorganic pigments such as titanium white, zinc white, carbon black, iron black, bengala, chrome vermilion, lead yellow, titanium yellow, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue, etc.; organic pigments or dyes such as Phthalocyanine Blue, Fast Blue, Isoindolinone Yellow, Benzidine Yellow, Quinacridone Red, Polyazo Red, Aniline Black, etc.; metallic pigments comprising scaly powders such as aluminum, brass, etc.; and pearlescent (nacreous) pigments containing scale-like powders such as titanium dioxide-coated mica, basic lead carbonate, etc.

In addition, the carrier may contain a solvent. Examples of the solvent include: hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, high-boiling petroleum hydrocarbons, etc.; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, isophorone, etc.; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, etc.; alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc.; and ether alcohol solvents such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be combined and used.

Further, the carrier may contain a binder resin. Examples of the binder resin include cellulose derivatives, styrene resins or styrene copolymers, acrylic resins, vinyl polymers, thermosetting resins, fluororesins, etc. One of these kinds can be used alone, or two or more kinds of them can be combined and used.

It should be noted that the ink used in the printing layers is a different material from the insulating layer 40, but the same material as the insulating layer 40 can also be used.

The patterns of two or more print layers may be the same or different. In particular, the contour shapes of the patterns on two or more printing layers may be the same or different. Also, the colors, darkness, etc. of the patterns on two or more printing layers may be the same or different. In particular, the visible light transmittance of a number of small print portions in a print layer can be one with the visible light transmittance The number of small print sections in another print layer may be identical or they may be different. For example, when the visible light transmittance of a number of small print portions in the print layer of the transparent plate laminate 100 located closest to the outside of the vehicle is Tv1, and the transmittance of a number of small print portions in the print layer located at the is closest to the interior of the vehicle, for visible light Tv2, then Tv1 > Tv2 or Tv1 < Tv2 may apply.

Furthermore, the printing layers are by no means limited to methods commonly referred to as "printing", and for example, a sheet-like pattern containing an ink and having a substantially uniform thickness is formed in advance and attached to a surface of a plate-shaped body or other components included in the transparent panel laminate 100 may be attached or placed between components. That is, a pattern may be formed on a transparent substrate and the substrate may be attached to a plate-shaped body included in the transparent-plate laminate 100, or it may be sandwiched between the transparent plate and the transparent part of the transparent-plate laminate 100 to be ordered. At this time, a film-like substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyvinyl butyral, etc. can be used for the transparent substrate. It should be noted that the printing layers are by no means limited thereto and may be sheet-like members having a function of blocking or mitigating the transmission of light, such as paper or cloth, and having a substantially uniform thickness . The cloth or fabric may contain natural fibers or synthetic fibers.

In the 2A the first printing layer 21 is formed between the first transparent plate 11 and the intermediate layer 30 and the second printing layer 22 is formed between the intermediate layer 30 and the second transparent plate 12 . In this case, after the intermediate layer 30 is formed, the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 may be printed on each surface of the intermediate layer 30 before the transparent plates 11 and 12 are laminated. However, it is also possible to print the first printing layer 21 on the first transparent plate 11 and to print the second printing layer 22 on the second transparent plate 12 . Further, the positions for forming the print layers are by no means limited to those shown in the drawing, and the print layers may be formed on an outer surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 . That is, the printing layers may be formed on the surface of the first transparent plate 11 opposite to the intermediate layer 30 or on the surface of the second transparent plate 12 opposite to the intermediate layer 30.

The thickness of the print layers can be adjusted to 200 µm or less, 100 µm or less, or 20 µm or less. Further, the distance between the print layers (the distance between the first print layer 21 and the second print layer 22 in the example of FIG 2A) in the thickness direction are 0.3 mm or more and 0.35 mm or more. Furthermore, the distance between the printing layers can be 10 mm or less and 5 mm or less.

Next, the effects/functions resulting from the presence of two or more print layers will be described with reference to FIG 2 B described schematically. the 2 B Figure 10 shows the transparent panel laminate 100 of FIG 2A .

As described above, a printing layer has an effect of blocking light or an effect of weakening the intensity of light. When light enters from one side of the main surface of the transparent panel laminate 100 and impinges on the print layer, the light is partially or fully absorbed in or reflected by the print layer, and is not or only partially transmitted to the side opposite the main surface is. Here, in the present embodiment, the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 are spaced in the thickness direction such that the sum of the areas on the printing layers where the light is incident (the sum of the area on the first printing layer 21 and the area on the second printed layer 22) may vary depending on the direction of incidence of the light. In other words, the sum of the projected areas on a number of print layers when light is projected onto the transparent plate laminate 100 from one direction and the sum of the projected areas on these print layers when light is projected from another direction vary.

For example, in the schematic example shown in FIG 2 B as shown, directional light L1 entering diagonally from the +y-direction side of the transparent plate laminate 100 is blocked by the first printing layer 21 or the second printing layer 22, and this blocking fin det takes place over a relatively large area. On the other hand, although part of the directional light L2 entering diagonally from the -y-direction side of the transparent plate laminate 100 is blocked by the first printing layer 21 or the second printing layer 22, part of the light L2 passes through the laminate with transparent plate 100 through. That is, in the shown example, the area where the transparent plate laminate 100 allows light L1 to pass is smaller than the area where light L2 is allowed to pass. In other words, the sum of the projected areas on the print layers where light L1 is projected and incident (e.g. the areas of hatched portions on a projection surface P1) is larger than the sum of the projected areas on the print layers where light L2 is projected and incident (for example, the areas of the hatched portions on a projection surface P2).

In this way, since the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 are spaced from each other in the thickness direction, the transmittance of light passing through the transparent plate laminate 100 can be changed depending on the incident direction (incident angle) of the light. Consequently, for example, when the light source is a directional light source, the amount of light emitted from the light source located on one side with respect to the transparent panel laminate 100 and into the space of the other side through the Laminate with transparent plate 100 enters, or change the transmittance of light depending on the position of the light source. Further, for example, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to an opening of an automobile and used, even if the intensity of natural light (sunlight) remains the same, the amount of light transmitted into the interior of the automobile may change. or change the transmission of light depending on the angle at which the sunlight strikes the transparent sheet laminate 100, i.e., depending on the relative position of the sun with respect to the motor vehicle.

When the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as a roof glass of an automobile, the natural light entering from the top of the automobile can be adjusted. The presence of a roof glass allows a large amount of light to enter from outside the automobile, thereby brightening the interior of the automobile and giving the occupants a sense of openness. Although light entering the vehicle diagonally from the rear of the vehicle enters the vehicle through the roof glass and reaches the front of the vehicle (the driver's seat side), if the amount of this light is excessively large, the light can penetrate through the vehicle Dashboard or the like are reflected and disturb the driving of the driver. To take this into account, the use of the transparent plate laminate 100 according to this embodiment makes it possible to adjust the transmittance of light according to the incident direction of light (particularly visible light) and reduce the transmittance of light coming diagonally from the rear part of the automobile entry. In this case, for example, the print layers may be formed so that the sum of the projected areas on the print layers where light from outside the automobile is projected from a direction relative to the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100 toward the rear part of the automobile tends to increase. Further, if the sum of the projected areas on the print layers where light is projected from outside the automobile in a direction inclined toward the front part of the automobile with respect to the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100 can be made small, the transmittance of light entering diagonally from the front part of the automobile can be kept relatively high, and the occupants seated in the rear seats of the automobile can enjoy the light entering from the roof glass.

In particular, as described above, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as a window material for an automobile, for example, the transmittance of incident light in an acute angular range (an angular range of more than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees) with respect to a single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 are made lower than the transmittance of incident light in an obtuse angular range (an angular range of more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees) with respect to that single one predetermined direction. It should be noted that in this specification the transmittance for incident light in a given angular range may be the value obtained by measuring a number of transmittances at given angular intervals (e.g. every 5 degrees) within that angular range and adding these multiple measurements, or it may be the average of these multiple readings.

With the example of 2 B , etc., the incident light transmittance in the acute angle region with respect to the +y direction (light entering from the +y direction side) can be made lower than the incident light transmittance in the obtuse angle region with respect to the +y direction (light entering from the -y direction side). Further, the incident light transmittance in the acute angle portion with respect to the +y direction can be made lower than the incident light transmittance at 90 degrees to the +y direction (light passing along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100 entry). When this transparent plate laminate 100 is provided in an opening of an automobile, the transmittance of light entering diagonally from the rear part of the automobile can be increased by attaching the transparent plate laminate 100 to the opening of the automobile such that the -y - direction directed towards the front part of the automobile and the +y direction directed towards the rear part of the automobile can be made lower.

Furthermore, the angle of incident light, in other words, for example, an angle of incidence φ ( 2 B) , which is an angle formed in the front-rear direction of the automobile with respect to the perpendicular direction (ie, the thickness direction of the transparent panel laminate 100) at a given point (position) on the surface of the main region Rm on the inside of the peripheral edge portion Rp is inclined. The given point may be, for example, a point at a position where a straight line along the thickness direction of the transparent panel laminate 100 and the center of gravity of the transparent panel laminate 100 intersect. The angle of incidence φ can range from 0 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees.

In this case, the incident light transmittance in an acute angular range (0 degrees < φ < 90 degrees) with respect to a single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 can be made lower than the incident light transmittance at 90 degrees (Light entering along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100: φ=0 degrees). In particular, the incident light transmittance in an acute angular range with respect to a given single direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 can be set to 5% to 80% of the incident light transmittance at 90 degrees with respect to that single given direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (light entering along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100).

It should be noted that the above acute angle range is preferably 5 degrees to 50 degrees. That is, it is preferable to reduce the transmittance of incident light at 5 degrees to 50 degrees (40 degrees ≦φ≦85 degrees) with respect to a single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 to 5% to 80% of the transmittance for incident light at 90 degrees φ = 0 degrees) with respect to this single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 . Thereby, particularly when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as a roof glass, the above effects of reducing the transmittance of light entering diagonally from the rear of the automobile and reducing or blocking the reflection of light onto the instrument panel can be enhanced will.

Further, the incident light transmittance in an acute angular range (0 degrees < φ < 90 degrees) with respect to a single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 can be made higher than the incident light transmittance at 90 degrees with respect to this single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 (light entering along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100: φ=0 degrees). In particular, incident light at 90 degrees with respect to a single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent panel laminate 100 (light entering along the thickness direction of the transparent panel laminate 100) can be reduced to 5% to 80% of the incident light transmittance in an acute angular range with respect to this single predetermined direction along the main surface of the transparent plate laminate 100 .

In the example of 2 B , etc., the incident light transmittance in the acute angle region (0 degrees < φ < 90 degrees) with respect to the +y direction can be made higher than the incident light transmittance at 90 degrees with respect to the +y Direction (light entering along the thickness direction of the transparent plate laminate 100: φ=0 degrees). When this transparent panel laminate 100 is provided in an opening of an automobile, by attaching the transparent panel laminate 100 to the opening of the automobile such that the +y direction is directed toward the front part of the automobile and the -y- is directed toward the rear part of the automobile, the transmittance for light entering diagonally from the front part of the automobile can be made higher, and the transmittance for light entering straight down from the top of the automobile can be made lower. That is, when viewed from the rear seats of the automobile, it becomes easier to see the scenery on the upper front of the automobile while being prevented is that light enters from the top of the automobile around the heads of the occupants.

According to these examples, the irradiance from a given direction of incidence can be made higher and/or lower than the irradiance from another given direction of incidence. That is, in the range from 0 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction of the transparent plates 10 (11, 12) through the center of gravity of the transparent plate laminate 100, when the irradiance at a first incident angle φ1 is E1 and the irradiance at a second angle of incidence φ2 is E2, when φ1 and φ2 both satisfy 0 degrees < φ1 < φ2 < 90 degrees and E1 < E2, the irradiance from a given direction of incidence can be increased. For example, assuming that the predetermined direction of incidence is φ2, by setting φ2 to an angle equal to 70 degrees or less, preferably 25 degrees to 70 degrees, more preferably 30 degrees to 55 degrees, particularly when the transparent plate laminate 100 is used as the roof glass, the effect of improving the view through the roof glass from the rear seats and reducing the incident sunlight from the angle φ1 can be achieved.

Further, assuming that the irradiance at a third angle of incidence φ3 is E3, when φ1, φ2 and φ3 satisfying 0 degrees < φ1 < φ2 < φ3 < 90 degrees, E1 < E2 and E2 > E3, the Irradiance can be increased from a given direction of incidence and the irradiance can be reduced from another given direction of incidence. For example, assuming that the predetermined direction of incidence is φ2, by setting φ2 to an angle equal to 70 degrees or less, preferably 25 degrees to 70 degrees, more preferably 30 degrees to 55 degrees, the effect of improving visibility through the roof glass from the rear seats and reducing the incoming sunlight from angles other than φ2.

The irradiance E can be measured as follows. In a dark room, a light source is placed at a position 300 mm away from a main surface of a transparent-plate laminate on a straight line M passing through the center of gravity of the transparent-plate laminate and along the thickness direction of the transparent-plate laminate extends. Further, a pyranometer is placed on the straight line M at a position 300 mm apart from the other main surface of the transparent plate laminate. Then, light is emitted from the light source in the direction of the transparent plate laminate. For example, to change the angle of incidence, the position of the light source can be moved while maintaining the distance between the light source and the transparent plate laminate at 300 mm. An artificial sunlight source with a spectrum conforming to the CIE standard illuminant D65 specified by ISO 10526:1999 and CIE S005 can be used as the light source. For example, SOLAX XC-500BSS manufactured by SERIC Ltd. can be used to measure the light source. is manufactured, are used. As for the pyranometer, for example, MS-802 manufactured by EKO Instruments Co.,Ltd. is manufactured, are used. It should be noted that the irradiance E can be used as the integrated irradiance over a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2500 nm.

Furthermore, instead of the irradiance E mentioned above, an irradiance ratio R _E can be used to represent the changes resulting from the angle of incidence. In this case, unlike the above irradiance E, the irradiance in the case where the transparent plate laminate alone is removed from the same structure is E ₀ and E / E is ₀ × 100 [%] as the irradiance ratio R _E fixed.

The maximum value of the irradiance ratio R _E at an incident angle of 0 degrees to 90 degrees is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more. When the maximum value of the irradiance ratio R _E is 30% or more, sufficient visible light transmittance can be secured, making it easy to check the scene in front of or behind the automobile from inside the automobile. The minimum value of the irradiance ratio R _E from 0 degrees to 90 degrees is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 20% or less. When the minimum value of the irradiance ratio R _E is 40% or less, the sunlight from the front part or the rear part of the automobile can be blocked to an extent that the occupants of the automobile feel comfortable.

Even if the light source is not a directional light source but includes light entering the transparent sheet laminate 100 from various directions, the effect that the transmittance of light or the amount of light passing through the transparent sheet laminate 100 passes, can still be achieved with a simpler structure. In this case, for example, from the light components contained in the light, the is emitted from the light source, the transmittance of light components having predetermined incident directions can be made higher, and the transmittance of light components having other predetermined incident directions can be made lower. Thereby, the amount of light emitted from a light source located in a space on one side of the transparent panel laminate 100 and entering the space on the other side through the transparent panel laminate 100 can be adjusted in a position-specific manner Way to be made bigger or smaller in the room on the other side. For example, when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to an opening of an automobile and used, the amount of light in the interior of the automobile can be changed in a position-specific manner. That is, the irradiance in the interior of the automobile can be changed in a position-specific manner such that a relatively bright place and a relatively dark place can be generated inside the interior of the automobile.

The effect described above that the transmittance of light can be changed depending on the incident direction of light can be achieved by making the pattern shapes on the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 different from each other, or by arranging the pattern shapes on the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 separately in a direction along the main surface (x-y plane). Furthermore, the light-adjusting function of the printing layers can be improved even more by changing the density, color, light absorption properties, etc., ink used in the printing layers, thickness of the printing layers, and so on.

In this way, using the transparent plate laminate 100 according to this embodiment enables the amount of light or transmittance of light to be adjusted depending on the angle of incident light with a simple structure that does not require a power supply unit, wiring or the like. Furthermore, since the transparent plate laminate 100 according to this embodiment does not include electric elements, light adjusting elements or the like, there is no concern that electric elements or the like may be scattered even if the transparent plate laminate 100 is damaged, so that safety is higher than conventional light-adjusting window materials using a strain can be secured.

It should be noted that the overall structure of the printing layers, which include the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22, can be made uniform over the entire main surface (xy plane) of the transparent plate laminate 100 or can be changed in a position-specific manner . Further, the pattern PT formed by two or more layers of printing may be provided in a plan view over the entire surface of the transparent plate laminate 100, or may be partially provided ( 1 ). The plan view areas of the printing layers where the patterns are provided may be 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, of the total area of the transparent plate laminate 100 . Further, it is preferable that the printing layers in the main region Rm of the transparent plate laminate 100 ( 1 ) are provided on the inside of the marginal edge portion Rp and not in the marginal edge portion Rp. Further, the print layer may be provided in 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, of the area of the main region Rm.

Also, in any 100mm×100mm area in the main area Rm, the ratio of the area of the printing layers to the area of this 100mm×100mm area may be 10% or more, 20% or more, or 30% or more. This allows the irradiance to be reduced to a visually recognizable level.

the 2C FIG. 12 shows a modification of the first embodiment of the transparent plate laminate 100. According to the examples shown in FIG 2A and the 2 B are shown, the example shown in the 2C 1 has a structure in which a first transparent plate 11 and a second transparent plate 12 are bonded via an intermediate layer 30 and in which a number of printing layers are provided spaced in the thickness direction. However, this example has a third printing layer 23 in addition to the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 . The third printing layer 23 is provided on the outside of the second transparent plate 12 (on the side opposite to the intermediate layer 30). In this case, since the third print layer 23 is provided on the outside of the transparent plate laminate 100 and is exposed to the outside environment when the transparent plate laminate 100 is attached to an automobile and used, it is preferable to have the third print layer 23 to be arranged so that it is closer to the interior of the motor vehicle, as in FIG 2C is shown.

It should be noted that when a print layer is disposed on the outside of the transparent plate laminate 100, as is the case with the third print layer 23, the print layer may be formed by forming a film, for example. a sheet having a pattern and having a substantially uniform thickness in advance and adhering this sheet to the transparent plate 12.

the 2D FIG. 12 shows another modification of the transparent plate laminate 100 according to the first embodiment. According to the example given in the 2C is shown, the example shown in the 2D shown also has a structure in which a first transparent plate 11 and a second transparent plate 12 are connected via an intermediate layer 30 and in which a number of printing layers, namely the first printing layer 21, the second printing layer 22 and the third printing layer 23 , spaced in the thickness direction. However, the intermediate layer 30 is formed with two layers including a first intermediate layer 31 and a second intermediate layer 32 . Then, the first printing layer 21 is placed between the first transparent plate 11 and the first intermediate layer 31, the second printing layer 22 is placed between the first intermediate layer 31 and the second intermediate layer 32, and the third printing layer 23 is placed between the second intermediate layer 32 and the second transparent Plate 12 arranged. In the example of 2D For example, the three print layers are all enclosed within the transparent plate laminate 100 and no print layer is exposed to the outside environment, so deterioration of the print layers can be prevented.

the 2E FIG. 12 shows another modification of the transparent plate laminate 100 according to the first embodiment. The example in the 2E shown differs from the example shown in FIG 2D is shown in that the intermediate layer is formed with three layers. That is, the intermediate layer has a first intermediate layer 31 , a second intermediate layer 32 and a third intermediate layer 33 . The first printing layer 21 is placed between the first intermediate layer 31 and the second intermediate layer 32, the second printing layer 22 is placed between the second intermediate layer 32 and the third intermediate layer 33, and the third printing layer 23 is placed between the third intermediate layer 33 and the second transparent plate 12 arranged. When the transparent panel laminate 100 of this example is applied to an opening of an automobile, for example, by attaching the transparent panel laminate 100 so that the top thereof is in the 2E closer to the outside of the automobile, direct sunlight from outside the automobile reaches the print layers via the first intermediate layer 31, so deterioration of the print layers can be reduced. In this case, it is preferable that the intermediate layer 30 contains a component having an effect of blocking ultraviolet rays.

<Second embodiment>

the 3 Fig. 12 shows a transparent plate laminate 200 according to a second embodiment. In the example of 3 the transparent plate 11 is a single-layer plate. A first printing layer 21 and a second printing layer 22 are provided on both sides of the transparent plate 11 . In the case of the present embodiment, as described earlier in the description of FIG 2C has been mentioned, each of the first printing layer 21 and the second printing layer 22 is formed as a sheet having a pattern and having a substantially uniform thickness beforehand and bonding these sheets. Further, when the transparent panel laminate 200 is attached to an opening of an automobile, a protective film may be adhered to a surface of the transparent panel laminate 200 that is closer to the exterior of the automobile.

<Third embodiment>

the 4A and the 4B 12 show a transparent sheet laminate 300 according to a third embodiment. the 4A and the 4B both show a multilayer structure in which two transparent plates, namely a first transparent plate 11 and a second transparent plate 12, are arranged separately from each other. When the transparent plates 11 and 12 are glass plates, the transparent plate laminate 300 according to this embodiment becomes an insulating glass pane.

In the example of 4A spacers 60 for ensuring a spacing between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 are arranged at both ends of the transparent plate laminate 300, and the space between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 can be filled with a gas such as eg air, or filled with an inert gas such as argon. In this example, the first print layer 21 is formed on the inside of the first transparent plate 11 and the second print layer 22 is formed on the inside of the second transparent plate 12 .

The example of 4B is a multilayer structure such as a vacuum insulating glass in which the space between the first transparent plate 11 and the second transparent plate 12 is a reduced pressure gas or a vacuum. In addition to both ends of the laminate with trans On the parent panel 300, a number of spacers 60 are spaced along the y-direction so that a spacing between the first transparent panel 11 and the second transparent panel 12 can be secured. Again, this example is like the example given in the 4A As shown, the first print layer 21 is formed on the inside of the first transparent plate 11 and the second print layer 22 is formed on the inside of the second transparent plate 12 .

Although configurations have been described above with reference to a number of embodiments, the features described in each embodiment can be freely combined. Further, the transparent plate laminate may have only a printing layer where the shadings are in the main surface direction of the transparent plate 10 (e.g., the first transparent plate 11). The expression "there are shades" may refer to (1) cases where, in the first printing layer 21, the visible light transmittance varies between a single predetermined small printing portion and another single predetermined small printing portion, (2) cases in which, in the main area Rm, the distance between a number of small print portions changes stepwise, etc.

<Laminated structure with transparent panel for automobile>

One embodiment of the present invention is a transparent panel laminated structure for automobiles, which has a holding member on the marginal edge of the transparent panel laminate as described above. The support member may be a frame for mounting on an automobile, or it may be a body frame of an automobile. Further, the holding member may be in contact with part or all of the peripheral edge of the transparent plate laminate.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments and examples described below.

For the laminates with a transparent plate of Examples 1 to 3, the irradiance ratio R _E [%] based on the angle of incidence φ [degrees] of light was tested in a simulation. The results are in the 5 shown. Example 1 and Example 2 are examples, and Example 3 is a comparative example.

(simulation conditions)

A light source was arranged at a position 300 mm away from a main surface of the transparent-plate laminate on a straight line M extending through the center of gravity of the transparent-plate laminate and along the thickness direction of the transparent-plate laminate.

An artificial sunlight source with a spectrum according to the CIE standard illuminant D65 defined by ISO 10526:1999 and CIE S005 was used as the light source.

The irradiance ratio R _E on the straight line M at a position 300 mm away from the other main surface of the transparent plate laminate was calculated over a range of incident angles φ from 0 degrees to 60 degrees. The irradiance ratio was set as R _E = E / E ₀ × 100 [%] (irradiance E: integrated irradiance over a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2500 nm, E ₀ : irradiance when the transparent plate laminate alone removed from the same assembly is).

A reflection, a scattering, a transmission, an absorption and a refraction of the transparent plate laminate were considered. The refractive index of air was 1.0 and the refractive index of glass and the interlayer was 1.5.

The visible light transmittance in the small print portions was set to 0% in both the first print layer and the second print layer at an incident angle φ=0 degree.

It should be noted that although a non-curved transparent sheet laminate was used in this simulation, the results of this simulation can also be used for a curved transparent sheet laminate.

(Example 1)

The transparent plate laminate of Example 1 had the structure of the first embodiment. However, the intermediate layer was a two-layer structure.

The transparent plate laminate of Example 1 had dimensions of 1000 mm vertically (length) × 1000 mm horizontally (width). In order from the light source side were a green glass (2 mm thick), a PVB interlayer (0.38 mm thick), a first printing layer (10 µm thick), a PVB interlayer (0.76 mm thick), a second print layer (10 µm thick) and a green glass (2 mm thick). That is, the first printed layer and the second printed layer were 0.76 mm apart.

In the first print layer (10 µm thick), band-shaped small print portions 1 mm wide and 1000 mm long were repeatedly arranged at 1 mm pitches in the width direction of the laminate.

In the second print layer (10 µm thick), band-shaped small print portions 1 mm wide and 1000 mm long were repeatedly arranged at 1 mm pitches in the width direction of the laminate.

The small print portions of the first print layer and the small print portions of the second print layer were spaced 0.535 mm apart from each other in the width direction of the laminate. Specifically, the small print portions of the first print layer were 0.535 mm closer to an end in the width direction than the small print portions of the second print layer.

On a surface including the thickness direction and the width direction of the laminate, the incident angle φ is an angle inclined toward the above one end of the laminate with respect to the thickness direction.

(Example 2)

In the transparent plate laminate of Example 2, only the gap between the patterns of the first printed layer and the second printed layer was changed, and the rest was identical to the transparent plate laminate of Example 1.

The small print portions of the first print layer and the small print portions of the second print layer were spaced 0.354 mm apart from each other in the width direction.

(Example 3)

The transparent plate laminate of Example 3 had the same structure as the transparent plate laminate of Example 1 except that the first printed layer and the second printed layer were not provided.

In the transparent plate laminate of Example 1, the irradiance ratio R _E at φ=45 degrees was 30%. RE was less than 30% at 0 degrees _≤φ < 45 degrees and decreased as φ approached 0 degrees. Further, the irradiance ratio R _E was larger than 30% at 45 degrees < φ ≤ 60 degrees, and increased more as φ approached 60 degrees. In particular, R _E was 17% at φ=0 degrees and 31% at φ=60 degrees. Therefore, it was confirmed that the transparent plate laminate of Example 1 could increase the irradiance at a given φ=45 degrees and decrease the irradiance at φ<45 degrees, which is smaller than 45 degrees.

In the transparent plate laminate of Example 2, the irradiance ratio R _E at φ=30 degrees was 34%. _RE was greater than 34% at 0 deg ≤ φ < 30 deg and at 30 deg < φ ≤ 60 deg and decreased as φ approached 0 deg and 60 deg. In particular, R _E was 17% at φ=0 degrees and 31% at φ=60 degrees. Therefore, it was confirmed that the transparent plate laminate of Example 2 could increase the irradiance at a given φ=30 degrees and decrease the irradiance at other given incident angles of φ<30 degrees and φ>30 degrees.

In the transparent plate laminate of Example 3, the irradiance ratio R _E was 73% at φ=0 degrees and 63% at φ=60 degrees, and became smaller as φ approached 60 degrees. Consequently, it was confirmed that, at a given angle of incidence, the transparent plate laminate of Example 3 could not reduce the irradiance at other angles of incidence smaller than the given angle of incidence.

This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-214136 , filed with the Japan Patent Office on November 27, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Reference List

100, 200, 300

Laminate with transparent panel

10, 11,

12 Transparent Plate

21, 22, 23

print layer

30, 31, 32, 33

intermediate layer

40

insulating layer

60

spacers

pt

sample

rm

main area

Rp

marginal edge area

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• JP 6065221 [0023]
• JP 2019214136 [0091]

Claims (15)

A transparent panel laminate to be attached to an opening of an automobile, the transparent panel laminate comprising: a transparent plate; and two or more print layers spaced in a thickness direction, where: the transparent plate laminate has a peripheral edge portion that is a range of 30 mm to 500 mm from an edge of the transparent plate laminate, and a main portion that is an inner portion surrounded by the peripheral edge portion; and the print layers are formed in the main area. Laminate with transparent panel after claim 1 , wherein a distance between the two or more print layers in the thickness direction is 0.3 mm or more. Laminate with transparent panel after claim 1 or 2 , wherein a thickness of the printing layers is 100 µm or less. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 3 , wherein an area of portions where the print layers are formed is 30% or more of an area of the transparent plate laminate. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 4 , wherein in any 100 mm × 100 mm area in the main area, a ratio of an area of the printing layers to an area of the main area is 10% or more. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the transparent plate laminate is a laminated glass. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 6 wherein the transparent plate laminate is a roof glass for the automobile. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 7 wherein: the two or more print layers comprise a first print layer and a second print layer; and the first print layer and the second print layer at least partially overlap each other in a plan view. Laminate with transparent panel after claim 8 wherein: the first print layer has a plurality of first small print portions; the second print layer has a plurality of second small print portions; and the plurality of first small pressing portions and the plurality of second small pressing portions do not overlap each other or partially overlap each other in a plan view. Laminate with transparent panel after claim 9 wherein the plurality of first small print portions and the plurality of second small print portions have varying visible light transmittances. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 10 , wherein when in a range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees away from a perpendicular direction at a given point on the transparent plate laminate to a front-rear direction of the motor vehicle, an irradiance ratio at a first incident angle φ1 is R _E1 and an irradiance ratio at a second angle of incidence φ2, R _E2 , the first angle of incidence φ1 and the second angle of incidence φ2 both satisfy 0 degrees < φ1 < φ2 < 90 degrees, and R _E1 < R _E2 . Laminate with transparent panel after claim 11 , wherein when in the range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees away from the perpendicular direction at the given point on the transparent plate laminate to the front-rear direction of the motor vehicle is an irradiance ratio at a third incidence angle φ3 R _E3 , the first Angle of incidence φ1, the second angle of incidence φ2 and the third angle of incidence φ3 satisfy 0 degrees < φ1 < (p2 < φ3 < 90 degrees, R _E1 < R _E2 and R _E2 > R _E3 . Laminate with transparent panel after claim 11 or 12 , where the second incident angle φ2 satisfies 0 degrees < φ2 ≤70 degrees. Laminate with a transparent panel according to any one of Claims 1 until 13 , wherein in the range from 0 degrees to 90 degrees away from the perpendicular direction at the given point on the transparent plate laminate to the front-rear direction of the automobile, a minimum value and a maximum value of an irradiance ratio are 10% or more and be 70% or less. A transparent panel laminated structure for an automobile, wherein the transparent panel laminated structure comprises the transparent panel laminate according to any one of Claims 1 until 14 and a holding member on a marginal edge of the transparent panel laminate.

Images