DE112020003281T5 - Locking device for wheels on workshop machines or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a locking device (1) for wheels (R) on workshop machines or the like, comprising a slide pin (3), a lock assembly (4) fitted on the slide pin (3), a main body (7) and a pressing assembly (8). having. A lever (5) is associated with the main body (7) and movable between a rest position (A) in which the main body (7) is blocked with respect to the pin (3) and a release/movement position (B,C). , in which the lever acts on the main body (7) to allow reciprocation between the pin (3) and the locking assembly (4).

Description

The present invention relates to a locking device for wheels, particularly for locking wheels that can be processed/handled in tire changing machines for workshops or the like.

The use of tire changing machines is well known, making it possible to mount and remove the tire on the relevant rim of a vehicle wheel, for example for maintenance and/or replacement operations of the rim itself or the tire.

These tire changing machines generally consist of a base structure supporting wheel rim gripping/rotating devices provided with a rim locking device and an arm designed to remove the tire from the rim and/or the tire to mount on this.

There are various techniques to lock the rim and thus the wheel during tire mounting/demounting.

A first technique involves the use of jaw locking devices installed directly on the support plate (or also called platen) of the tire changing machine on which the wheel rests during tire mounting/demounting. The platen is fitted with four automatic jaws which can be manually operated by the operator using a pedal to lock the wheel against any movement. More specifically, the shoes are located at the vertices of a square and spaced apart by a distance less than the diameter of the actual wheel rim. After the wheel has been positioned on the platter, the operator, by simply depressing the pedal, begins movement of the jaws toward the inner surface of the rim, thereby tightening the rim with sufficient force to lock it to the platter. However, the jaw locking device just described, which is mounted directly on the panel, is cumbersome to implement, expensive and impractical if, for example, any maintenance is required, therefore various locking devices have been developed which do not require mounting on the panel.

A second technique involves the use of pin locking devices. These devices are typically assembled manually and include a pin and fastener. Typically, these devices require the tire changing machine to be provided with the platen on which the wheel rests and which has a cavity drilled through it that goes through the center. In this way the pin of the locking device can be partially inserted into the through cavity of the plate and then the wheel can be fitted onto the pin proper. In general, the length of the pin is such that an end portion thereof is outside the rim itself. Once assembled between the stud and the rim, the fastener, in this case a nut, is assembled by manual threading by the operator onto the threaded portion of the stud. By screwing in the nut, the locking device can exert a compressive force on the rim to lock it on the plate. However, since the locking action of the rim to the plate is performed manually by the operator by tightening the nut, the force applied by the operator may not be sufficient to ensure secure locking operations.

A third locking technique includes, as in the patent document EP 2 551 131 discloses the use of a pin and lever locking device. Also in this case there must be a hollow plate to insert the pin. However, one difference from the second technique is that the EP 2 551 131 The locking device described requires that the pin be firmly attached to the fastener and that this has a lever and a frusto-conical body instead of a nut. The lever can be moved between an initial position and a fastening position, in which case the pin is fitted into the rim in the initial position, while in the fastening position the locking device engages the rim in order to lock the wheel. In fact, by moving the lever between the two positions, the operator allows the pin to fall freely down in the passage cavity of the plate and then lower the frustoconical element that tightens the rim towards the plate, applying a compressive force to the rim proper. While this locking technique does not require particular manual effort by the operators responsible for tire mounting/dismounting, or long execution times, it uses elements that are rather complicated to manufacture and assemble, and are therefore very expensive.

In view of the foregoing, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a novel locking device which, with the same efficiency, has higher performance, is less expensive and is easier on operators is less difficult to use than known locking devices.

The above object is achieved by the introduction of a special lever, easy for the operator to move manually, which, depending on the positioning angle, enables the rim locking operation for a tire changing machine or the like. More specifically, as will be described in more detail below, the operator can first move the lever to a position to allow the pin to drop freely and then move the lever to another position for final tightening of the rim.

The present invention therefore relates, in its first aspect, to a locking device with a lever according to claim 1, having structural and functional characteristics in order to meet the above requirements while overcoming the disadvantages mentioned in relation to the prior art.

According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for locking a vehicle rim on a workshop machine, such as a tire changing machine or the like, according to one of claims 9-10.

• - 1 eine Vorderansicht einer Reifenwechselmaschine,
• - 2 eine Längsansicht der Arretiervorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung,
• - 3 eine Vorderansicht des Stiftes der Arretiervorrichtung der 2,
• - 4 eine Vorderansicht der Verriegelungsanordnung der Arretiervorrichtung in 2,
• - 5 eine Explosionsansicht der Verriegelungsanordnung in 4,
• - 6 eine Vorderansicht einer der Komponenten der Verriegelungsanordnung,
• - 7 eine Vorderansicht im Gebrauch der Arretiervorrichtung in der Ausgangsposition,
• - 8, 9, 10 eine Vorderansicht im Gebrauch der Arretiervorrichtung in den Arbeitskonfigurationen.

Other characteristics and advantages of the locking device and the method according to the present invention emerge from the following description of a preferred example of its embodiment, given as an indication but not as a limitation, with reference to the attached figures; show in it:

• - 1 a front view of a tire changing machine,
• - 2 a longitudinal view of the locking device according to the present invention,
• - 3 a front view of the pin of the locking device of FIG 2 ,
• - 4 a front view of the locking arrangement of the locking device in 2 ,
• - 5 an exploded view of the latch assembly in FIG 4 ,
• - 6 a front view of one of the components of the locking arrangement,
• - 7 a front view in use of the locking device in the starting position,
• - 8th , 9 , 10 a front view in use of the locking device in the working configurations.

With specific reference to these figures, reference numeral 1 generally designates a locking device of rims C of wheels R on workshop tire changing machines or the like.

In general, a tire changing machine, as in 1 1, a perforated plate 2 intended to hold the wheel R during the replacement and/or maintenance operations of the wheel R proper and is provided with a through cavity 2a where the center thereof is located.

With reference to 1 For example, the locking device 1 is intended to be at least partially inserted into the rim C in order to lock the rim C proper to the plate 2, as will be explained in more detail later in the present description.

With reference to the in 2 In the example shown, the locking device 1 comprises a sliding pin 3 extending longitudinally along a direction YY, substantially vertical in use, on which is mounted a locking assembly 4 whose geometrical and technical characteristics will be detailed later in the present description.

As in the example in 3 As shown, the slide pin 3 is preferably cylindrical in shape and has an upper end portion 3a, a lower end portion 3b and an intermediate portion 3c.

The sliding pin 3 is preferably hollow in order to slide inside it a piston 31 provided at the bottom with a bayonet element 32 intended to be inserted during use of the locking device by positive coupling in the through cavity 2a of the plate 2 1. Indeed the through cavity 2a has a shape substantially similar to the bayonet element 32 .

Furthermore, after the bayonet element 32 has been inserted into the through cavity 2a, the operator can lock the slide pin 3 to the plate 2 by rotating the bayonet element 32 by means of a knob 30 fixed to the opposite end from the bayonet element 32 of the plunger 31 .

Preferably, the intermediate portion 3c of the slide pin 3 has a surface displacement or alteration 3d and, above that, a partially knurled outer surface 33, the use of which will be discussed in more detail in the following discussion.

With further reference to the in 2 In the example shown, the locking assembly 4 is fitted onto the slide pin 3 to slide therealong, and comprises a lever 5, a cylindrical main body 7 and a pressing assembly 8.

The lever 5 is movable between an initial position A and one (or more) working configurations B, C, D, so that the movement of the actual lever 5 acts on the cylindrical body 7 to allow the movement/locking of the latter along the pin 3 .

• - eine Freigabeposition B,
• - eine Bewegungsposition C, und
• - eine (Axial-)Druckposition D.

In particular, the working configuration of the lever 5 includes three different positions, namely:

• - a release position B,
• - a movement position C, and
• - an (axial) print position D.

• - einer Eingriffsposition, in der das Verriegelungselement 9 auf den Zwischenbereich 3c des Gleitstifts 3 einwirkt, um die Außenfläche 33 zu berühren und somit den Stift 3 in Bezug auf die Verriegelungsanordnung 4 stationär zu halten, und
• - eine Freisetzposition, in der das Verriegelungselement 9 von der Außenfläche 33 entfernt ist, um den Stift 3 freizugeben und diesem eine freie Bewegung in Bezug auf die Verriegelungsanordnung 4 zu ermöglichen.

Again with reference to the in 5 In the example shown, the main body 7 comprises a locking element 9 intended to prevent and/or allow the reciprocating movement of the locking assembly 4 with respect to the pin 3. In particular, the locking element 9 is movable between:

• - an engagement position in which the locking element 9 acts on the intermediate portion 3c of the sliding pin 3 to contact the outer surface 33 and thus keep the pin 3 stationary with respect to the locking assembly 4, and
• - a release position in which the locking element 9 is removed from the outer surface 33 to release the pin 3 and allow it to move freely with respect to the locking assembly 4.

• - in der Ausgangsposition A der Hebel von dem Verriegelungselement 9 gelöst ist, so dass letzteres in der Eingriffsposition bleibt, und
• - in der Freigabeposition B der Hebel auf das Verriegelungselement 9 einwirkt, um letzterem zu ermöglichen, sich in die Freisetzposition zu bewegen.

In fact, as mentioned above, the lever 5 is movable between an initial position A and the release position B, where:

• - in the initial position A the lever is disengaged from the locking element 9 so that the latter remains in the engaged position, and
• - in the release position B, the lever acts on the locking element 9 to allow the latter to move to the release position.

In particular, the engagement and release positions of the locking element 9 can be reached thanks to the presence of a sliding ring 90, which in use is arranged orthogonally to the direction Y-Y and is associated with the locking assembly 4.

In the present case, the locking arrangement 4 with reference to FIG 5 example shown has a main body 7 mainly composed of two components suitably assembled to form a single cylindrical assembly slidable along the pin 3. In the present case, the main body 7 has an upper disk 71 and a lower disk 72 .

The upper washer 71 is intended to support the lever 5, while the lower washer 72 houses the locking element 9.

In detail, the lever 5 comprises a body extending along its own axis Y-Y and provided with a handle 5a located at its free upper end portion and with a lower end portion 6a, 6b intended to be used with the upper disc 71 of the cylindrical body 7 to be connected.

For this purpose, the upper disk 71 has at least one rib 71a, 71b fixed to the upper surface of the upper disk 71 for connection to the lower end portion 6a, 6b.

More specifically, the lower end portion 6a, 6b and the rib 71a, 71b are each provided with two respective openings extending along a direction X1 perpendicular to the direction Y-Y, the first opening being intended to be connected to each other by means of a screw-bolt connection and the second opening 71e serves to lock the lever 5 to the rib 71, 71b by means of a locking device, as will be explained later in the present specification.

According to one embodiment, the lower end portion 6a, 6b of the lever 5 may have a cam-shaped or cam-shaped surface. More specifically, the lower end portion of the lever 5 comprises two cam-shaped surfaces extending parallel to each other along the axis Y-Y and connected to the opposite sides of the main body 7.

Preferably, the upper disc 71 has a main through cavity 71c with a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the main pin 3 to receive it and located centrally between the two ribs 71a, 71b.

Advantageously, the lever 5 can rotate about the axis X1 between the initial position A and the working configuration B,C,D.

Advantageously, as will be explained in detail later in the present specification, the lower end portion 6a, 6b performs a locking/unlocking function of the movement of the locking device 1 with respect to the pin 3 during the rotational movement of the lever.

Preferably, the lower end portion 6a, 6b of the lever 5 has an overhanging element 5b facing the direction of rotation of the lever 5. The projecting element 5b allows the lever to release the reciprocating movement between the pin 3 and the locking arrangement 4 when the lever rotates clockwise during the changeover from the initial position A to the release position B.

According to one embodiment, the lever 5 as a whole has a substantially curved progression, so that the handle 5a is misaligned with respect to the lower end portion 6a and therefore with respect to the pin 3. More specifically, the handle 5a is connected to the lower end portion 6a by means of a central oblique/curved connecting portion.

In the remainder of this specification and claims, the direction of rotation "clockwise" means that in 2 direction shown with respect to the point of view of an observer looking at the lever 5 placed to the right with respect to the pin 3.

In the remainder of the present specification and claims, the direction of rotation "counterclockwise" means a direction opposite to that in 2 direction shown with respect to the point of view of an observer looking at the lever 5 placed to the right with respect to the pin 3.

Preferably, the lever 5 consists of a one-piece body.

With reference to the in 5 In the example shown, the lower washer 72 has a shape that can house the sliding ring 90 inside, and its use is closely related to the working position of the lever 5.

In the present case it is preferably cylindrical in shape and comprises a through cavity 72a, a top surface 72b and a side wall 72c. The upper surface 72b has a recess defining generally a first annular surface 72d and a second annular surface 72e, the latter being lowered in cross-section than the first annular surface 72d.

Conveniently, on the side wall 72c, two cavities 72f, 72g are formed, which as a whole extend along a radial direction, are open upward and are diametrically opposed to each other, each communicating with the through cavity 72a. In particular, the first cavity 72f extends substantially horizontally, while the second cavity 72g has a bottom sloping downwards towards the cavity 72a.

Beneath the first cavity 72f, there is expediently a circular opening 72h for inserting a spring 91, the function of which will be explained in more detail below.

The shape of the lower washer 72 discussed herein allows for the receipt of the slip ring 90, specifically the slip ring 90 is received on the second annular surface 72e. This sliding ring 90 preferably has a circular shape with a through opening 90a, which is also adapted to the sliding pin 3.

The locking element 9 also includes a block 92 which is preferably trapezoidal and is connected to the sliding ring 90 . The block 92 is preferably fixed below the sliding ring 90 by means of a cylindrical connecting element 93 intended to be fixed firmly in the holes 90b and 92a formed in the sliding ring 90 and in the block 92, respectively.

Conveniently, the block 92 includes a side surface 92b, preferably knurled, which faces the surface 33 of the slide pin 3 in use. In particular, when the locking member 9 is in the use position, the side surface 92b firmly adheres to the surface 33 of the slide pin 3 to lock it.

Block 92 also has a bottom surface 92c with a slope identical to the slope of the bottom of second cavity 72g. Advantageously, the latter inclination allows easy removal and/or insertion of block 92 on slide pin 3.

Conveniently, slip ring 90 also includes a fin 90c at a diametrically opposed position with respect to opening 90b. The fin 90c has an inverted "L" shape with a through cavity 90d for inserting the spring 91 formed at its vertical portion. Specifically, when the slide ring 90 is fully housed in the lower disc 72, the through cavity 90d and the opening 72h are coaxially arranged to house the spring 91. As shown in FIG.

The spring 91 allows the block 92 and in particular the knurled surface 92b to constantly press on the pin 3 to keep it locked with respect to the locking assembly 4. When the lever 5 changes from the initial position A to the release position B, the protruding element 5b presses on the fin 90c to release the locking element 9 from the pin 3 and then the reciprocating movement between the actual pin 3 and the locking assembly 4 to allow.

• - in der Bewegungsposition C der Hebel 5 weiterhin auf das Verriegelungselement 9 einwirkt, damit dieses in der Freisetzposition verbleiben kann.

With reference to the in 8th example shown, the working configuration requires lever 5 to move from release position B to movement position C, where:

• - In the movement position C, the lever 5 continues to act on the locking element 9, so that this can remain in the release position.

In this way, the assembly 4 can be freely displaced along the pin 3 towards the wheel R, so that the frustoconical body 81 is partially inserted into the cavity C1 of the rim C.

• - in der Druckposition D sich der Hebel 5 von dem Verriegelungselement 9 und insbesondere von der Flosse 90c löst, so dass letztere in die Eingriffsposition zurückkehren kann, und gleichzeitig wirkt der Hebel 5 auf den kegelstumpfförmigen Körper 81, so dass dieser eine Kompressionskraft auf die Felge C ausübt, um diese zu arretieren.

After the frusto-conical body 81 is inserted into the cavity C1 of the rim C, the operator moves the lever 5 from the moving position C to the (axial) pushing position D, as shown in FIG 9 shown where:

• - in the pressing position D, the lever 5 disengages from the locking element 9 and in particular from the fin 90c, allowing the latter to return to the engaged position, and at the same time the lever 5 acts on the frustoconical body 81, so that this exerts a compressive force on the rim C exerts to lock them.

To this end, the upper disc 71 has a pair of housings 71d disposed around the cavity 71c to receive respective push pins 74 therein.

Similarly, the lower disk 72 has a pair of housings 72i, 72I disposed about the cavity 72a for receiving push pins 74, respectively. Advantageously, in use, the housing pairs 71d and the housing pairs 72i, 72I are coaxial with one another.

The pressure pins 74 are interlocked and fixed to the pressure assembly 8 and in particular protrude upwards from the actual pressure assembly 8 to fit in the housings or seats 71d in the upper disc 71 and in the housings or seats 72i, 72I in the lower disc 72 to move slidably.

In this way, the head portion of each pin 74 protrudes from the upper disk 71 to be contacted by the lever 5. FIG. More specifically, in the pressing position D, the lower end portion 6a, 6b of the lever 5 exerts a thrust force on each pin 74 to lower it.

According to one embodiment, the pressure assembly 8 forming part of the locking assembly 4 comprises a connecting disk 80 and a frustoconical body 81. More specifically, and with reference to Fig 6 In the example shown, the washer 80 has a through cavity 80a for fitting part of the slide pin 3 and a threaded surface portion projecting downward for tightening the washer 80 onto the frustoconical body 81. In this particular case, the latter also has a threaded through cavity 81a intended to be positively coupled to the projecting portion of the washer 80. This advantageously allows the frustoconical body 81 to be easily replaced in the event of damage and/or change in the diameter of the rim C of the wheel R to be machined.

According to the preferred embodiment shown in the example in 5 As shown, the pressure pins 74 are connected to their respective springs 11, 12 which can be positioned in the seats 72i, 72I of the lower disc 72. Thus, when the lever returns to the initial position A, the springs 11, 12 act on the pins 74 to allow the frustoconical body 81 to rise and then the compressive action on the rim C ceases.

Advantageously, the locking device 1, as in the example in 4 Also shown is a fastening device 13,14 designed to lock the lever 5 to the cylindrical main body 7 or more specifically to the ribs 71a, 71b of the upper disc 71 when the lever 5 is in the pressing position D.

The lever 5 expediently has an additional through cavity 5c which is located at its lower end region 6a, 6b and is intended to enter into a form-fitting coupling with the fastening device 13, 14.

According to the present invention, as in 2 shown, the fastening devices 13, 14 a fin-shaped element 13 or a Embrace button 14. In detail, both fastening devices 13, 14 have a locking pin inserted in the cavity 5c of the lever 5 and a spring fitted on the actual pin.

When the lever 5 is in one of the positions between the initial position A and the moving position C, the locking pin inserted into the cavity protrudes the lower end portion 6a, 6b of the lever 5 in such a way that the pin itself touches the rib 71a, 71b , whereby the rotational movement of the actual lever 5 is made possible.

Otherwise, when the lever 5 is in the pressing position D, the through cavity 5c of the lever 5 is in the coaxial position to the opening 71e of the rib 71a, 71b, the spring is released by pushing the locking pin towards the opening 71e of the disc rib 71a, 71b is pressed. In this way, the lever 5 is fixed to the cylindrical main body 7 to allow the lever itself to maintain the printing position D.

To allow reciprocation between the fastener and the pin again, the locking pin can be released from the opening 71e by means of the fin-shaped element 13 or the knob 14.

A possible mode of operation of the locking device 1 according to the invention is described below.

• - die Freigabeposition B,
• - die Bewegungsposition C, und
• - die Druckposition D.

More specifically, as mentioned above, the working configuration of the lever 5 includes three different positions, namely:

• - the release position B,
• - the movement position C, and
• - the print position D.

The method according to the present invention comprises first placing a wheel R on the plate 2 so that the through cavity C1 of the rim C is coaxial with the through cavity 2a of the plate 2.

Thereafter, the operator inserts the locking device 1 into the through-cavity C1 of the rim C until the bayonet member 32 is fully inserted into the through-cavity 2a of the plate 2, which is shaped substantially similar to the bayonet member 32. The locking device 1 can then be locked on the plate 2 by turning the bayonet element 32 using the knob 30 .

Advantageously, in the latter case, the lever 5 of the locking device 1 is in the initial position A, so that the actual lever 5 is disengaged from the locking element 9 to allow the latter to remain in the engaged position, as described above.

Preferably, each of the above positions corresponds to an angle of inclination of the lever 5 with respect to the axis Y-Y of the slide pin 3.

In the initial position A, the lever 5 is rotated clockwise with respect to the axis Y-Y of the sliding pin 3 in such a way that the actual lever 5 is inclined with respect to the pin 3 itself by an angle α, the value α of which is preferably between 40° and is 70°.

After attaching the locking device 1 to the plate 2, the operator then rotates the lever 5 from the initial position A to the release position B. In the release position B, the lever 5 is rotated clockwise with respect to the axis Y-Y of the slide pin 3 such that that the lever 5 is inclined by an angle β, the value of which is preferably 70° or more.

The inclination of the lever 5 in the release position B allows the lever to come into contact with the locking element 9 .

In this case, the protruding element 5b of the lever 5 presses on the fin 90c of the sliding ring 90 to disengage the locking element 9 from the pin 3 and thus allow the reciprocating movement between the pin 3 proper and the locking assembly 4.

In particular, as a result of the loading of the lever 5, the block 92 of the locking element 9 slides on the inclined plane of the cavity 72g of the lower washer 72 and thus moves away from the external surface 33 to release the pin 3 and allow the latter to move with respect can move freely on the latch assembly.

In this way, the assembly 4 can be freely displaced along the pin 3 towards the wheel R, so that the frustoconical body 81 is partially inserted into the cavity C1 of the rim C.

Preferably, the slide pin 3 falls freely towards the plate 2 by a length dependent on the length of the pin itself and on the width of the tyre.

After the truncated cone-shaped body 81 rests on the rim C, the operator pivots the lever 5 again, preferably into the (axial) pressure position D.

In the printing position D, the lever 5 is pivoted anti-clockwise with respect to the axis Y-Y of the sliding pin 3, such that the lever is inclined by an angle γ preferably having a value between 0° and 40°.

Generally, in the printing position D, the lower end portion 6a, 6b of the lever 5 presses the head portion of each pin 74 to lower it.

In this case, the lever 5 disengages from the locking element 9 to allow it to return to the engaged position, and at the same time the lever 5 acting on the pins 74 allows the disc 80 and therefore the frustoconical body 81 to slide. Sliding movement towards the wheel R to exert a compressive force on the rim C and thus lock it.

Finally, after the tire service/replacement operations have been performed on the wheel R, the operator can pivot the lever 5 clockwise again from the push position D to the home position A to release the rim C. This is because the lower end portion 6a, 6b of the lever 5 releases the pins 74 so that the springs 11, 12 return the disc 80 towards the main body 7 by releasing them.

As can be seen from the present description, it has been confirmed that the described invention achieves the intended objects, particularly emphasizing the fact that by means of the lever locking device described herein it is possible to lock the rim of a wheel on a workshop machine, and This is done by means of a device that is simply constructed and is therefore less expensive than the previously known devices, and by avoiding any particular physical exertion on the part of the operator during use.

• - Einsetzen des Gleitstifts in die Felge C mit anschließender Befestigung in der Platte,
• - freies nach unten Fallen der Verriegelungsanordnung bis zum Einsetzen in die Felge C, und
• - abschließendes Festziehen der Druckanordnung auf der Felge C.

In particular, the principle of operation of the device according to the invention envisages one or more fundamental phases, namely:

• - Insertion of the sliding pin in the rim C with subsequent fixing in the plate,
• - the locking assembly falls freely down until it is inserted into the rim C, and
• - final tightening of the pressure assembly on the rim C.

The lever is then pivotable clockwise from a home position to a release/move position and counterclockwise from the release/move position to a push position. In this way it is possible to allow the free fall action of the locking assembly so that the compression assembly exerts a compressive force on the rim by locking it.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 2551131 [0007]

Claims (10)

Locking device (1) for wheels (R) on workshop machines or the like, comprising: a slide pin (3) which extends longitudinally along a direction (YY) which is substantially vertical in use and which is adapted to engage in the rim (C) of a wheel (R), a locking assembly (4) fitted on the slide pin (3) to slide therealong and having a main body (7) on which a lever ( 5) is fixed, characterized in that the lever (5) between a rest position (A) and a release / movement position (B, C) is movable, wherein in the rest position (A) the lever (5) on the main body (7) acts that it cannot slide along the pin (3), and in the release/movement position (B, C) the lever (5) acts on the main body (7) so that the reciprocating movement between the pin (3) and the locking arrangement (4) is enabled. Locking device (1) after claim 1 , the main body (7) having an upper disc (71) and a lower disc (72) connected together and adapted to receive a locking member (9) movable between an engaged position in which the locking member (9 ) acts on the slide pin (3) to keep it immobile with respect to the locking assembly (4), and a release position in which the locking element (9) is moved by the lever (5) to disengage from the pin (3) to be spaced and thus allow free movement in relation to the locking assembly (4). Locking device (1) after claim 1 or 2 , having a thrust assembly (8) connected to the main body (7) and adapted to fit partially into the rim (C) of the wheel (R), and wherein the lever (5) is movable between the release/move position ( B, C) and a pressing position (D), wherein in the pressing position (D) the lever (5) disengages from the locking element (9) so that the latter can return to the engaged position and at the same time the lever (5) on the pressure assembly (8) acts so that the latter exerts a compressive force on the rim (C) in order to lock it. Locking device (1) after claim 3 wherein the pressure assembly (8) comprises a frusto-conical body (81). Locking device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , the lever (5) having a body extending along its own axis (YY) and having a grip (5a) located at the free upper end portion thereof and a lower end portion (6a, 6b), intended to be connected to the upper disc (71) of the cylindrical body (7), the lower end portion (6a, 6b) having a protruding portion (5b), and the locking element (9) having a sliding ring (90 ) slidable along a direction (XX) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (YY) and provided with a fin (90c) which is pressed by the protruding portion (5b) when the lever (5) moved between the rest position (A) and the release/move position (B, C). Locking device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , the pressure assembly (8) comprising at least one pressure pin (74) projecting upwards to slide within seats (71d, 72i, 72I) respectively formed in the upper disc (71) and the lower disc (72) and the lower end portions (6a, 6b) of the lever (5) pressing on the at least one pin (74) to lower it and thus act on the frustoconical body (81) so as to exert a compressive force on the rim (C) exerts to lock them. Locking device (1) according to one of claims 2 until 6 wherein the pin (3) has an intermediate portion (3c) which is knurled on the surface to increase the relative friction between the slide ring (90) and the pin (3) during the engaged position of the locking element (9). Locking device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , the lever (5) being rotatable between the positions (A, B, C, D). Method for locking wheels (R) on workshop machines or the like, comprising the following phases: a) providing a locking device (1) for wheels (R) according to claims 1 until 8th , b) placing a wheel (R) on a plate (2) of a workshop machine or the like, c) positioning the lever (5) in the rest position (A) and fitting the pin (3) in the cavity (C1) of the rim ( C), d) locking the pin (3) to the plate (2), e) rotating the lever (5) from the rest position (A) to the release/moving position (B, C) such that the locking element ( 9) releases the pin (3) so that the locking assembly (4) is free to slide towards the rim (C), f) rotating the lever (5) from the release/move position (B,C) to the push position (D) so that the locking assembly (4) exerts a compressive force on the rim (C) to lock it. Method according to the preceding claim, the phase e) of rotating the lever (5) from the rest position (A) to the release position (B) comprising the phase in which the locking element (9) is pressed by the lever (5) in such a way that it detaches from the pin (3), and the phase g) of rotating the lever (5) from the release position (B) to the pressing position (D) comprising the phase in which the pressing assembly (8) moves away from the main body (7) towards the wheel (R ) is moved towards so that the pressure assembly (8) exerts a compressive force on the rim (C).

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