DE112019000100B4 - Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation and its operation method - Google Patents

Abstract

Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, characterized in that it comprises a running device, a grinding counterpart (1) and a machine frame (2), the running device and the grinding counterpart (1) both being connected to the machine frame (2);an the running device is connected to a specimen holder (31) which is configured for mounting a specimen (32); the running device is capable of repeatedly lowering and raising and rotating the specimen holder (31) relative to the machine frame (2), and the sample holder (31) is movable in a direction towards or away from the grinding counterpart (1) when the sample holder (31) is lowered or raised relative to the machine frame (2); the grinding counterpart (1) is rotatable relative to the machine frame (2); and the side of the grinding counterpart (1) facing the sample holder (31) is provided with an abrasive for simulating food.

Description

Cross reference to related applications

The present application claims priority under CN 2 10 136 148 U published Chinese patent application filed on July 02, 2019 with the China Patent Office, entitled “Abrasion Testing Machine for Testing a Composite Resin Material by Chewing Simulation”, and claims the priority of under CN 1 10 186 801 A published Chinese patent application filed on July 02, 2019 with the China Patent Office entitled “Abrasion Testing Machine for Testing a Composite Resin Material by Chewing Simulation”, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and more particularly relates to an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation and its operating method.

Technical background

CN 1 06 644 798 A discloses an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, having an upper jaw simulating rotary mechanism and a lower jaw simulating reciprocating mechanism.

CN 2 708 314 Y discloses an abrasion testing machine with a specimen holder that is horizontally movable and a loading device that is vertically movable.

In dental clinical treatment, in teeth suffering from tooth decay, carious cavities on teeth are filled, repaired and treated, and at present, a composite resin filling material is most widely used as the filling material. Under current material conditions, the composite resin filling material is worn and lost due to food chewing, which is one of the main failure modes of the composite resin filling material in the oral cavity. In addition, in vitro abrasion testing is one of the necessary means of evaluating the performance of the filler material because there is no linear correlation between the basic mechanical and physical properties and the abrasion resistance of the composite resin material.

However, on an existing chewing abrasion testing machine simulating the act of chewing, the sample can only be repeatedly rubbed in the same direction, as shown in FIG 1 is shown, when rotating the existing simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1', the abrasion loss on the sample surface is not uniform because the friction distance between respective points and the linear velocity of friction of the two sets of samples, namely the upper and lower samples, along a radial direction are different, then the evaluation of the samples for the abrasion resistance is affected. Furthermore, the mutual friction of the two sets of samples, namely the upper and lower samples in saliva, does not correspond to the clinical state of abrasion due to food chewing.

Therefore, in relation to the above problems, the present application provides a new abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation.

subject of the application

The present application provides an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation and its operating method ready to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art that a sample is unevenly worn, and that the type of in vitro abrasion and the morphology of a worn surface of a specimen does not match that of a clinically worn specimen.

This application provides an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, comprising: a traveling device, a grinding counterpart (i.e. grinding tool) and a machine frame, the traveling device and the grinding counterpart both being connected to the machine frame;

A sample holder is connected to the running device and is configured to hold a sample;

The traveling device is capable of repeatedly lowering and raising and rotating the sample holder relative to the machine frame, and when the sample holder is lowered and raised relative to the machine frame, the sample holder is movable in a direction toward or away from the grinding counterpart; the grinding counterpart is rotatable relative to the machine frame; and the sample holder side of the abrasive counterpart is provided with an abrasive simulating food.

Optionally, the abrasive comprises fluorspar powder with a Mohs hardness of 4 and distillate diluted water added to the fluorspar powder.

Optionally, the grinding counterpart is a rubber plate.

Optionally, the running device comprises a sliding sleeve and a lifting shaft, and the sliding sleeve is rotatably connected to the machine frame;

The sliding sleeve is provided with a keyway extending along the axial direction of the sliding sleeve; and a spring key is provided on the lift shaft, which co-operates with the keyway and is configured such that the lift shaft is rotatable together with the sliding sleeve;

Along the axial direction of the lift shaft, the lift shaft includes a first end and a second end corresponding to each other, and the sample holder is placed on the first end.

Optionally, the key is movable along the direction of extension of the keyway;

A face cam is fixed to the second end of the lift shaft, and the projection of the face cam faces the sample holder.

Fixed to the machine frame is a support wheel which is positioned beneath the face cam and which cooperates with the boss and is configured to allow repeated lowering and raising of the lift shaft.

Optionally, a counterweight is also included, which is firmly connected to the side of the face cam facing away from the sample holder.

Optionally, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation further comprises a rotary sleeve;

The rotating sleeve is connected to the first end of the lifting shaft by a bearing set and is rotatable relative to the lifting shaft, and the sample holder is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve;

A plurality of positioning rods are fixedly connected to the lateral surface of the rotating sleeve, evenly distributed over the circumference, the axial direction of the positioning rod being aligned perpendicularly to the axial direction of the rotating sleeve;

A positioning plate is fixed to the machine frame;

When lowering the lifting shaft, the positioning rod is to be driven to lower by the rotary sleeve, so that the positioning rod abuts against the positioning plate, and the rotation of the positioning rod is thereby stopped.

Optionally, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation further includes a grinding spindle;

The grinding spindle is rotatably connected to the machine frame, and the grinding counterpart is firmly connected to the grinding spindle.

An optional grinding wheel is also included; the grinding wheel is fixedly connected to the grinding spindle and the grinding counterpart is configured to be fixedly connected to the grinding spindle via the grinding wheel.

Optionally, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation further comprises an abrasive baffle fixedly connected to the machine frame;

Along the longitudinal direction of the abrasive baffle, the abrasive baffle includes a first side and a second side corresponding to each other; along the longitudinal direction of the abrasive baffle, the abrasive baffle extends helically, and is configured such that a chamber results in the abrasive baffle; and an inlet is formed between the first side and the second side and is in communication with the chamber, and compared to the second side, the first side is closer to the center of the chamber;

The abrasive baffle is placed enveloping the abrasive counterpart, and is on the side facing the edge of the abrasive counterpart, and the inlet faces the sample holder; and when rotating the abrasive counterpart, the first side is downstream of the second side in the direction of rotation;

A notch is provided on the first side facing side of the abrasive baffle and the notch is positioned opposite the sample holder and is parallel to the abrasive baffle facing surface of the abrasive counterpart.

Optionally there is a clearance between the first side facing side of the abrasive baffle and the surface of the abrasive counterpart.

Optionally, the abrasive baffle structure has the shape of a helical cone ligated surface, and the space of the chamber facing the first side is smaller than the space of the chamber facing the second side.

Optionally, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation further comprises a driving device;

The drive device includes a drive shaft, a pinion gear, a ratchet gear and a drive part;

The drive member is drivingly connected to the drive shaft and capable of allowing rotation of the drive shaft; the drive shaft is drivingly connected to the sliding sleeve by means of the gear train, and the drive shaft is drivingly connected to the grinding spindle by means of the ratchet gear train.

Optionally, the gear train includes a first gear and a second gear meshing with each other;

The first gear is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, the second gear is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve, the drive member is configured to drive the first gear to rotate by driving the drive shaft, and the first gear is configured to be rotated by the second gear to drive the sliding sleeve to rotate.

Optionally, the ratchet gear includes a ratchet wheel and a ratchet wheel cooperating with each other;

The ratchet wheel is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, the ratchet wheel is fixedly connected to the grinding spindle, the drive member is configured to drive the ratchet wheel to rotate by driving the drive shaft, and the ratchet wheel is configured to move the ratchet wheel, so that the grinding spindle is driven to rotate.

Optionally, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation further includes a positioning disk fixedly connected to the grinding spindle;

A lower bearing bush is firmly connected to the machine frame and is connected to the grinding spindle by a second bearing;

An elastic part is fixedly connected to the positioning disk, a positioning ball being fixedly connected to the side of the elastic part facing the lower bearing bush; the lower bearing bush is provided with a tapered positioning hole, and the positioning ball is partially in the positioning hole, while the elastic part serves to always tightly fit the positioning ball in the positioning hole;

There are a multitude of locating holes evenly spaced around the circumference of the lower bearing bush;

The angle between each adjacent positioning holes equals the angle of pulsating rotation of the ratchet gear.

Optionally, an upper bushing is also included which is fixedly connected to the machine frame and which is rotatably connected to the grinding spindle through a third bearing.

• Anschließen einer Probe an einen Probenhalter;
• Antreiben des Probenhalters mittels einer Laufvorrichtung zum Absenken, so dass die an das vordere Ende des Probenhalters angeschlossene Probe mit einem Schleifgegenstück in Eingriff tritt;
• Drehen des Schleifgegenstücks relativ zum Maschinengestell, so dass eine Reibung zwischen der Probe und dem Schleifgegenstück entsteht;
• Antreiben des Probenhalters mittels der Laufvorrichtung zum Ansteigen, so dass die Probe allmählich weg von dem Schleifgegenstück bewegt wird; und Antreiben des Probenhalters mittels der Laufvorrichtung zum Drehen relativ zu dem Maschinengestell, so dass die Probe um einen bestimmten Winkel gedreht wird, wobei es derart konfiguriert wird, dass das Schleifgegenstück um einen bestimmten Winkel gedreht wird, und die Position zum Eingriff mit dem Probenhalter geändert wird; und

The present application provides a method of operating an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, comprising the steps of:

• connecting a sample to a sample holder;
• driving the sample holder to descend with a running device so that the sample connected to the front end of the sample holder engages a grinding counterpart;
• rotating the abrasive counterpart relative to the machine frame to create friction between the sample and the abrasive counterpart;
• driving the sample holder to rise by the running device so that the sample is gradually moved away from the grinding counterpart; and driving the sample holder by means of the running device to rotate relative to the machine frame so that the sample is rotated through a certain angle, being configured such that the grinding counterpart is rotated through a certain angle, and changing the position for engagement with the sample holder becomes; and

Repeat the above steps.

• Indem der Probenhalter mittels der Laufvorrichtung angehoben oder abgesenkt wird, wird der Probenhalter in Richtung auf das Schleifgegenstück bewegt, so dass die Probe mit dem Schleifgegenstück in Eingriff tritt; der Probenhalter wird mittels der Laufvorrichtung wiederholt angehoben bzw. abgesenkt, um die Okklusions- und Kaubewegung eines menschlichen Körpers zu simulieren; und falls die Probe mit dem Schleifgegenstück in Eingriff tritt, wird die Reibung zwischen der Probe und dem Schleifgegenstück dadurch verwirklicht, dass das Schleifgegenstück relativ zum Maschinengestell gedreht wird.

Applying the above technical solutions, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

• By raising or lowering the sample holder by means of the traveling device, the sample holder is moved toward the grinding counterpart so that the sample engages the grinding counterpart; the sample holder is repeatedly raised and lowered by means of the running device in order to simulate the occlusion and chewing movement of a human body to simulate; and if the specimen engages the abrasive counterpart, the friction between the specimen and the abrasive counterpart is realized by rotating the abrasive counterpart relative to the machine frame.

It is to be explained that when the specimen holder is positioned over the grinding counterpart, when the specimen holder is lowered by means of the traveling device, the specimen holder moves toward the grinding counterpart to achieve engagement between the specimen and the grinding counterpart; and when the sample holder is below the grinding counterpart, when the sample holder is raised by the trolley, the sample holder moves toward the grinding counterpart to achieve engagement between the sample and the grinding counterpart. For description, the case where the specimen holder is located above the grinding counterpart is given below as an example.

The abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation has the following operational steps in operation, wherein in S1: a specimen is connected to the specimen holder, the specimen holder with a specimen mounted is fixed to the first end of the elevating shaft; in S2: the sample holder is driven to descend by means of the running device, so that the sample engages with the grinding counterpart; in S3: the grinding counterpart is then rotated relative to the machine frame to realize friction between the sample and the grinding counterpart; in S4: the sample holder is driven by the running device to rise so that the sample gradually moves away from the grinding counterpart, and the sample holder is simultaneously driven by the running device to rotate relative to the machine frame so that the sample is rotated by a certain angle ; and the grinding counterpart is simultaneously rotated by a certain angle and the position for engagement with the sample holder is changed; and in S5: the above steps S2-S4 are repeated.

The analysis of the above operations is as follows: after step S3, one-time abrasion of the sample is realized; by the settings in step S4, after each grinding operation, the sample is lifted a certain height, thereby exiting the friction, and is rotated by a certain angle; then the next lowering movement or occlusion process and a friction process with the grinding counterpart are to be carried out. Abrasive actions from a plurality of different directions can be applied to the worn surface of the sample in turn, so that the worn surface of the sample is worn evenly, which is favorable for maintaining a flat worn surface of the sample. Therefore, the original worn surface of the specimen is not always very significantly deviated from the final shape of the worn surface at the completion of the abrasion test due to abrasion from the same direction, thereby reducing the influence of the directivity of the abrasion test on the test results, which is essential for the accurate Calculating the abrasion loss of the sample, and in particular for evaluating the abrasion resistance of a material by measuring the change in height of the material sample.

Furthermore, the worn surface of the sample to which an abrasion action is exerted is a desired abrasion state in the abrasion test because of the presence of an abrasive, i.e. the above abrasion state is similar to a clinical abrasion state, so that the results of the abrasion test are more similar to the clinical wear results are.

In the prior art, the material sample can only be subjected to attrition testing in saliva, which is inconsistent with the practical case where the filling material in the oral environment is primarily subjected to food attrition. In the specific practical case, the filling material is worn and deteriorated during chewing in the oral cavity mainly by contralateral teeth pressing food during chewing and crushing and rubbing the food together with filling material-inserted teeth. There are both occlusion acts between the row of teeth of the upper jaw and the row of teeth of the lower jaw, and acts of friction with bitten and pressed food under the action of an occlusive force.

Therefore, in this embodiment, in this abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, the acts of occlusion between the maxillary tooth row and the mandibular tooth row are simulated by providing a grinding means configured to simulate food on the grinding counterpart, and vertical movement relative to each other between the sample and the grinding counterpart; and by a parallel movement relative to each other between the wear surface of the sample and the abrasive counterpart under the action of a simulated occlusal load, i.e. by the rotation of the abrasive counterpart relative to the sample, the friction process between the row of teeth of the upper jaw and the row of teeth of the lower jaw after biting and clenching of foodstuffs under the action of the occlusive force. In summary, the abrasion test ma machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to this application further ensures that the sample is subjected to an abrasion test in an environment similar to that in the oral cavity of a human body, and the correlation between the results of an in vitro abrasion test of the composite resin filling material and the abrasion results thereof is increased after long-term use in a patient's oral cavity.

character list

• 1 zeigt eine schematische Strukturdarstellung einer Abriebprüfmaschine nach dem Stand der Technik;
• 2 zeigt eine Vorderansicht einer Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation nach einer Ausführungsform dieser Anmeldung;
• 3 zeigt eine perspektivische schematische Strukturdarstellung einer Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation nach einer Ausführungsform dieser Anmeldung;
• 4 zeigt eine schematische Strukturdarstellung eines Teils von einer Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation nach einer Ausführungsform dieser Anmeldung;
• 5 zeigt eine strukturelle Schnittansicht eines Teils von einer Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation nach einer Ausführungsform dieser Anmeldung;
• 6 zeigt eine teilweise vergrößerte Strukturdarstellung von A-Teil der in 5 gezeigten Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation;
• 7 zeigt eine weitere strukturelle Schnittansicht eines Teils von einer Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation nach einer Ausführungsform dieser Anmeldung;
• 8 zeigt eine elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Oberflächenmorphologie eines Verbundharzfüllmaterials nach klinischem Abrieb in der Mundhöhle;
• 9 zeigt eine elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Oberflächenmorphologie eines Verbundharzfüllmaterials nach Abrieb an einer Abriebprüfmaschine zur Prüfung eines Verbundharzmaterials durch Kausimulation; und
• 10 zeigt eine elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Oberflächenmorphologie eines Verbundharzmaterials nach Abrieb unter Verwendung eines starren Schleifgegenstücks und eines harten Schleifmittels.

In order to describe technical solutions of embodiments of this application more clearly, the drawings necessary for the embodiments are briefly presented below. It is to be understood that the following drawings show only some embodiments of this application and therefore should not be considered as limitations on the scope, and other related drawings could be obtainable from these drawings for a person skilled in the art without exercising any inventive faculty.

• 1 Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a prior art abrasion testing machine;
• 2 Fig. 12 shows a front view of an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to an embodiment of this application;
• 3 Fig. 12 is a perspective schematic structural view of an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to an embodiment of this application;
• 4 Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of part of an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to an embodiment of this application;
• 5 Fig. 13 is a sectional structural view of a part of an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to an embodiment of this application;
• 6 shows a partially enlarged structural representation of part A of the in 5 shown abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation;
• 7 Fig. 14 is another structural sectional view of a part of an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to an embodiment of this application;
• 8th Figure 12 shows an electron micrograph of the surface morphology of a composite resin filling material after clinical abrasion in the oral cavity;
• 9 Figure 12 shows an electron micrograph of the surface morphology of a composite resin filler material after abrasion on an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation; and
• 10 Figure 12 shows an electron micrograph of the surface morphology of a composite resin material after abrasion using a rigid abrasive counterpart and a hard abrasive.

Reference List

1'

simulation mechanism as upper jaw;

2'

simulation mechanism as lower jaw;

3'

salivary swamp;

1

grinding counterpart;

2

machine frame;

31

sample holder;

32

Sample;

41

sliding sleeve;

411

keyway;

42

lifting shaft;

421

spring wedge;

5

face cam;

51

Head Start;

61

jockey wheel;

62

counterweight;

621

fixation pin;

63

rotary sleeve;

64

positioning rod;

65

positioning plate;

66

first camp;

67

fourth camp;

71

positioning disc;

72

lower bearing bush;

73

second camp;

74

elastic part;

75

positioning ball;

76

upper bearing bush;

77

third camp;

78

thrust bearing;

8th

grinding spindle;

81

abrasive baffle;

811

grinding wheel;

812

first page;

813

second page;

82

Inlet;

83

Score;

91

Drive shaft;

921

first gear;

922

second gear;

931

ratchet wheel; and

932

Ratchet wheel.

Detailed description of the embodiments

In the following, technical solutions of this application are to be described clearly and comprehensively using the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only partial embodiments, rather than all of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments that would be obtainable by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without the use of an inventive step fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

it's over 1 evident that 1 Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural representation of an existing chewing act simulating abrasion testing machine comprising a simulating mechanism as upper jaw 1', a simulating mechanism as lower jaw 2' and a salivary sump 3', wherein the simulating mechanism as lower jaw 2' is positioned in the salivary sump 3'; the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1' is located above the simulation mechanism as the lower jaw 2'; the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1' and the simulation mechanism as the lower jaw 2' are placed opposite to each other; the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1' can be rotated about its own axis of rotation, and the simulation mechanism as the lower jaw 2' can be lowered or raised repeatedly. In use, a sample (composite resin filler) is placed respectively in the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1' and the simulation mechanism as the lower jaw 2', while lowering and raising the simulation mechanism as the lower jaw 2' reciprocally, an occlusion process is repeated with the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1' is realized, and utilizing the rotation of the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw 1', horizontal grinding in chewing teeth is simulated; the saliva sump 3' serves to collect saliva in order to avoid dry friction between samples. In the prior art, the two sets of specimens, namely the upper and lower specimens, are worn by relative rotation along a fixed axis, so the abrasion loss of the specimen near the axis position of the simulation mechanism as the upper jaw is small, while the abrasion loss away from the axis position is larger, causing unidirectional grinding crack at worn surface of sample, resulting in directivity of wear morphology or damage, and then causing uneven wear loss on sample surface, which is unfavorable for measurement of wear test results.

In view of the above problems, the present embodiment provides an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation as disclosed in 2-10 is shown comprising a running device, a grinding counterpart 1 and a machine frame 2, the running device and the grinding counterpart 1 both being connected to the machine frame 2; a sample holder 31 configured to mount a sample 32 is connected to the running device; and thereby explaining that the sample 32 in this embodiment is a composite resin filler. The traveling device is capable of repeatedly lowering and raising and rotating the sample holder 31 relative to the machine frame 2, and when the sample holder 31 is lowered and raised relative to the machine frame 2, the sample holder 31 is in a direction toward the grinding counterpart 1 or movable away; the grinding counterpart 1 is rotatable relative to the machine frame 2; and the sample holder 31 side of the counterpart grinder 1 is provided with an abrasive for simulating food (not shown in the figure).

By the above adjustments, the specimen holder 31 is raised or lowered by the traveling device, thereby moving the specimen holder 31 toward the grinding counterpart 1 so that the specimen 32 engages with the grinding counterpart 1; the specimen holder 31 is repeatedly raised and lowered by the running device to simulate the occlusion and chewing movement of a human body; and if the sample 32 engages with the grinding counterpart 1 , the friction between the sample 32 and the grinding counterpart 1 is realized by rotating the grinding counterpart 1 relative to the machine frame 2 .

It is to be explained that when the sample holder 31 is positioned over the grinding counterpart 1, when the sample holder 31 is lowered by the traveling device, the sample holder 31 moves toward the grinding counterpart 1 to achieve engagement between the sample and the grinding counterpart 1; and when the specimen holder 31 is under the counterpart grinder 1, when the specimen holder 31 is lifted by the traveling device, the specimen holder 31 moves toward the counterpart grinder 1 to achieve engagement between the specimen and the counterpart grinder 1. For description, the case where the specimen holder 31 is located above the grinding counterpart is given below as an example.

The abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation in an application has the following operations, wherein in S1: a specimen 32 is connected to the specimen holder 31, the specimen holder 31 with a specimen 32 mounted is fixed to the first end of the elevating shaft 41; in S2: the sample holder 31 is driven to descend by the running device so that the sample 32 engages with the grinding counterpart 1; in S3: the grinding counterpart 1 is then rotated relative to the machine frame 2 to realize friction between the sample 32 and the grinding counterpart 1; in S4: the sample holder 31 is driven by the running device to rise so that the sample 32 is gradually moved away from the grinding counterpart 1, and the sample holder 31 is simultaneously driven by the running device to rotate relative to the machine frame 2 so that the sample 32 is rotated by a specified angle; and the grinding counterpart 1 is simultaneously rotated by a certain angle and the position for engagement with the sample holder 31 is changed; and in S5: the above operations S2-S4 are repeated.

The analysis of the above operations is as follows: after step S3, one-time abrasion of the sample 32 is realized; by the settings in step S4, the sample 32 is lifted by a certain height after each grinding operation, thereby getting out of the friction, and is rotated by a certain angle; then the next lowering movement or occlusion process and a friction process with the grinding counterpart 1 must be carried out. Abrasive effects from a plurality of different directions can be applied to the worn surface of the sample 32 in turn, so that the worn surface of the sample 32 is worn evenly, which is favorable for maintaining a flat worn surface of the sample 32. Therefore, the original worn surface of the sample 32 is not always greatly deviated from the final shape of the worn surface at the completion of the abrasion test due to abrasion from the same direction, thereby reducing the influence of the directivity of the abrasion test on the test results, which is essential for is the accurate calculation of the abrasion loss of the sample 32, and in particular for evaluating the abrasion resistance of a material by measuring the change in height of the material sample.

Furthermore, the worn surface of the sample subjected to an abrasion test represents a desired abrasion state because of an abrasive, i.e. the above abrasion state is allowed to be similar to a clinical abrasion state, so that the correlation between the results of the abrasion test and the clinical abrasion results is higher.

In the prior art, the material sample can only be subjected to attrition testing in saliva, which is inconsistent with the practical case where the filling material in the oral environment is primarily subjected to food attrition. In the specific practical case, the filling material is worn and deteriorated during chewing in the oral cavity mainly by contralateral teeth pressing food during chewing and crushing and rubbing the food together with filling material-inserted teeth. In this process there are both occlusal acts between the row of teeth of the upper jaw and the row of teeth of the lower jaw, as well as acts of friction exerted by pressed food on the sample of filling material under the action of occlusive force, namely the so-called three-body wear.

Therefore, in this embodiment, in this abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, the acts of occlusion between the row of teeth of the upper jaw and the row of teeth of the lower jaw are simulated by providing a grinding means configured to simulate food on the grinding counterpart 1, and vertical movement relative to each other between them of Sample 32 and Abrasive Companion 1; and by a parallel movement relative to each other between the wear surface of the sample 32 and the abrasive counterpart 1 under the action of a simulated occlusal load, i.e. by the rotation of the abrasive counterpart 1 relative to the sample 32, the friction process between the row of teeth of the upper jaw and the row of teeth of the lower jaw simulates biting and pressing of food under the action of the occlusive force. In summary, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to this embodiment further ensures that the sample 32 in an environment similar to that in the oral cavity of a human body, and the correlation between the results of an in vitro abrasion test of the composite resin filler and the abrasion results thereof after long-term use in the oral cavity of a patient is increased.

It must be explained that the hardness of the abrasive is decisive. Too high a hardness of the abrasive would result in grinding cracking at the worn surface of the sample 32, which is very different from the actual worn morphology of the material in the oral cavity; while too low hardness would lead to impairment of grinding efficiency.

In the actual case of clinical oral medicine, the hardness of food is much lower than the hardness of various filling materials that are filled into carious cavities of an affected tooth. In particular, with composite resin filling materials, which are clinically widely applied to the filling of carious cavities of teeth and consist of a resin matrix with low hardness and a glass powder filler with high hardness, by observing worn surfaces of the materials after long-term use in the oral cavity, the abrasion law for discovered such a composite material: the resin matrix of the top layer is first worn away due to the crushing and friction of food, so that filler particles with high hardness protrude from the surface of the material (see 8th ), which realizes a certain protective effect for the resin matrix between filler particles, and slows down the abrasion process. If the resin matrix has deteriorated to such an extent that the filler particles can no longer be stabilized, they lose their stability and fall off, leaving pitting on the surface of the filler; and after the loss of protection from the hard filler, the resin matrix would continue to degrade until the underlying filler particles are again exposed.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the abrasive may comprise a fluorspar powder material (existing material) with a Mohs hardness of 4, which is a stable inorganic material; and in the abrasion test, an appropriate amount of distilled water is added to the fluorspar powder material, resulting in an abrasive in the form of wet sand. According to FC-98 fluorspar concentrate requirements in "Fluspar" standards of National Industrial Standard YB/T 5217-2005, chemical components requirements are CaF2 > 98% and Si02 < 0.6%; and the particle size requirements are as follows: the mesh size is less than 110, and the content of particles having a particle size between 110 and 120 is not less than 65%. There is a correlation between the results of the in vitro abrasion test (in the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation) of several oral cavity filling materials using such an abrasive and the abrasion results of these materials after long-term use in a patient's oral cavity. Besides, the ranks of these materials in terms of abrasion resistance are identical in the two test results, namely in the oral cavity and in vitro, and the morphology of the in vitro worn surface of the composite resin filling material is essentially the same as the morphology of the wear in the oral cavity.

Preferably, the abrasive counterpart 1 is a rubber sheet. For example, the rubber sheet has a Shore hardness of 60 and a thickness of 6mm, and the components of the material thereof are determined. Therefore, the same and standardized grinding counterpart 1 is used for samples 32 of different dental materials, and the comparison of the abrasion resistance of samples 32 made of different materials under the same abrasion conditions is only objective and corresponds to the principle of individual comparison.

In addition, by uniformly using a rubber sheet having a specific hardness for the grinding counterpart 1, the chewing conditions in the oral cavity can be simulated more realistically. Since there is a periodontium around the teeth with a certain buffering effect, and the act of chewing between the row of teeth of the upper jaw and the row of teeth of the lower jaw is not a collision between two rigid bodies, the rubber sheet with a certain hardness has a certain buffering effect, and can also transmit a necessary chewing pressure. Analyzed from a microscopic perspective, the sample 32 engages and contacts the surface of the soft and elastic rubber sheet, thereby avoiding the fall-off of filler particles due to impact and collision; at the same time, elastic deformation of the surface of the rubber sheet can transmit a pressure sufficiently to the space between filler particles, and the abrasive effect of abrasive particles on the resin matrix is enhanced. Therefore, the microscopic morphology of the composite resin filling material after wear in this embodiment is also identical to the morphology of wear caused by the food in the oral cavity on the same material (see 9 ). In contrast, the microscopic morphology of the composite resin material after wear is that observed in an abrasion test using a rigid abrasive counterpart and a hard abrasive is quite different (see 10 ).

In the prior art, the difference in abrasion resistance of different materials based on abrasion results from the same material cannot be evaluated and compared because the materials of the two sets of samples, namely the top and bottom samples, are the same. Since the abrasive counterpart of the sample is also a sample, there is no uniform standard for evaluating the abrasion results of different materials when there is mutual friction between the same material samples.

In this embodiment, friction is realized between the sample and the rubber sheet, and there is an abrasive simulating food in between. The same and standardized counterpart grinder and abrasive are used for samples of different dental materials, and when samples are exchanged, the counterpart grinder and abrasive are also changed, so that abrasion test results are obtained for all samples under the same abrasion conditions, which allows different sample materials to be more objectively compared in terms of abrasion resistance.

The running device preferably comprises, as described in 2 shown, a sliding sleeve 41 and a lifting shaft 42, and the sliding sleeve 41 is rotatably connected to the machine frame 2; the sliding sleeve 41 is provided with a keyway 411 extending along the axial direction of the sliding sleeve 41; a spring key 421 is provided on the lift shaft 42, which cooperates with the keyway 411 and is configured such that the lift shaft 42 is rotatable together with the sliding sleeve 41; and along the axial direction of the lift shaft 42, the lift shaft 42 includes a first end and a second end corresponding to each other, and the sample holder 31 is placed at the first end. In other words, the second end is above the first end.

By the above adjustment, when the sliding sleeve 41 rotates relative to the machine frame 2, the sliding sleeve 41 can drive the lifting shaft 42 to rotate relative to the machine frame 2 because the key 421 on the lifting shaft 42 cooperates with the keyway 411 on the sliding sleeve 41; therefore, the sample holder 31 at the first end of the elevating shaft 42 rotates therewith, thereby rotating the sample on the sample holder 31 therewith by a certain angle.

Optionally, the sliding sleeve 41 can be connected to the machine frame 2 by a bearing, as a result of which the sliding sleeve 41 can be rotated relative to the machine frame 2 .

Preferably, the key 421 is movable along the extending direction of the keyway 411, while the keyway 411 should be longer than the keyway 421; a face cam 5 is fixed to the second end of the lift shaft 42, and the projection 51 of the face cam 5 faces the sample holder 31; and fixed to the machine frame 2 is a support wheel 61 which is placed under the face cam 5 and which cooperates with the projection 51 and is configured to allow repeated lowering and raising of the lifting shaft 42, respectively.

Such an adjustment allows the face cam 5 to be driven to rotate as the lift shaft 42 rotates; when the projection 51 contacts the support wheel 61, the support wheel 61 can support the projection 51, whereby the projection 51 can be supported and then lifted; when the projection 51 is rotated until it is gradually separated from the support wheel 61, the projection 51 is gradually lowered, therefore, one-time lowering and raising of the lift shaft 42 in rotating the face cam 5 by 360° is realized; moreover, since the key 421 is movable along the extending direction of the keyway 411, a possibility for lowering or raising the lifting shaft 42 in the sliding sleeve 41 along the axial direction is provided.

It is to be explained that the face cam 5 is a cam having a protrusion 51 on its face, which belongs to the prior art and repeated description of which is omitted here.

Optionally, a key is provided on the sliding sleeve 41, while the lifting shaft 42 is provided with a keyway, the key and keyway cooperating with each other so that the lifting shaft 42 can be rotated together with the sliding sleeve 41; and the keyway is longer than the spring key, which can provide clearance for the lift shaft 42 to be lowered or raised.

Preferably, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation as described in 1 and 2 is shown, in this embodiment also a counterweight 62; and the counterweight 62 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the face cam 5 from the sample holder 31 .

Optionally, the counterweight 62, as shown in 2 is fixed to the face cam 5 by a fixing pin 621 .

By so setting, the counterweight 62 can allow the face cam 5 to always closely abut against the support wheel 61, and then ensure that the face cam 5 drives the lift shaft 42 to lower or raise stably. Thanks to the provision of a counterweight 62, a normal pressure can be provided at the same time for the engagement between the sample 32 and the grinding counterpart 1 in order to simulate the occlusive force of human teeth, whereby components for providing the occlusive force for the sample 32 further include the lifting shaft 42, the face cam 5 and the locating pin 621 may include.

like it in 2 and 7 As shown, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation preferably further comprises a rotating sleeve 63; the rotating sleeve 63 is connected to the first end of the lifting shaft 42 by means of a bearing set, and the specimen holder 31 is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve 63; a plurality of positioning rods 64 are fixedly connected to the lateral surface of the rotary sleeve 63, distributed uniformly over the circumference, the axial direction of the positioning rod 64 being aligned perpendicularly to the axial direction of the rotary sleeve 63; a positioning plate 65 is fixed to the machine frame 2; and when lowering the lift shaft 42, the rotary sleeve 63 and the positioning rod 64 can be driven to descend, and the positioning rod 64 is configured to abut against the positioning plate 65, thereby stopping the rotation of the rotary sleeve 63 and the positioning rod 64.

The operation procedure of the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation is as follows: When the sliding sleeve 41 rotates relative to the machine frame 2, the lifting shaft 42 is driven to rotate relative to the machine frame 2, then the face cam 5 can rotate, causing the lifting shaft 42 to repeat is lowered or raised. The rotary sleeve 63 and the sample holder 31 are also lowered accordingly during the lowering of the lifting shaft 42, as a result of which the sample 32 engages with the underlying grinding counterpart 1, and at this point in time the rotary sleeve 63 is lowered to the positioning rod 64, which is firmly connected to its circumference and abuts the positioning plate 65. When the positioning rod 64 is blocked, the rotation of the rotary sleeve 63 is stopped while the lifting shaft 42 continues to rotate under the action of the bearing set; in other words, the sample 32 does not rotate when the sample 32 engages with the abrasive counterpart 1 underneath. With further rotation of the face cam 5, the lift shaft 42 is raised until the positioning rod 64 is separated from the positioning plate 65. Under the action of the frictional force of the bearing assembly, the lift shaft 42 drives the rotating sleeve 63 to rotate further, then the specimen holder 31 rotates until the lift shaft 42 is lowered until the positioning rod 64 rests against the positioning plate 65 again. At this time, the sample 32 is rotated by a certain angle under the action of the sample holder 31 and then stopped, and thereafter engages with the grinding counterpart 1 . The above operations are repeated, thereby subjecting the worn surface of the sample 32 to abrasion actions from a plurality of different directions in turn, so that the worn surface of the sample 32 is worn evenly.

At this time, the sample 32 does not rotate when the sample 32 engages the underlying grinder 1, i.e., at this time, the sample 32 only applies pressure to the grinder 1, thereby eliminating a disturbance brought by the rotation of the sample 32 , and the independence of the force of the sample 32 on the grinding counterpart 1 is secured to facilitate the control of the pressure applied to the sample 32. Therefore, it can be effectively ensured that the pressure exerted by the sample 32 is within a predetermined pressure range. When the sample 32 engages with the underlying grinding counterpart 1, the grinding wheel 811 fixedly connected to the grinding spindle 8 and the grinding counterpart 1 fixedly connected to the surface thereof are also pulsatingly moved because the rotation of the grinding spindle 8 is realized by the fact that the Ratchet wheel 931 moves the ratchet wheel 932 in a pulsating manner. In other words, when the sample 32 engages with the sample 32, the opposite grinder 1 does not rotate, and the descent of the sample 32 is stopped; and then, after the completion of the occlusion act, the grinding counterpart 1 first rotates through an angle, thereby realizing friction with the sample 32; after the sample 32 is lifted and disengaged from the grinding counterpart 1 and before the next act of occlusion begins, the grinding counterpart 1 is then again rotated through an angle to prepare for the next act of occlusion.

Optionally, the bearing set includes a plurality of first bearings 66 and some fourth bearings 67; for example, the bearing kit as set out in 7 shown, two first bearings 66 and a fourth bearing 67, the first bearing 66 optionally being a thrust bearing while the fourth bearing 67 is a tapered roller bearing. By setting the first bearing 66 and the fourth bearing 67 as above, not only can the pressure from the lift shaft 42 be transmitted to the rotary sleeve 63, but also it can be ensured be that the lifting shaft 42 and the rotating sleeve 63 can rotate relative to each other.

When no external resistance is applied to the rotary sleeve 63, the rotary sleeve 63 can be synchronously rotated with the lift shaft 42 under the action of the frictional force. After positioning plate 65 and positioning rod 64 are positioned relative to each other, the angle of rotation of rotary sleeve 63 can be controlled in each stroke cycle.

Explain that the number of positioning rods 64 is optionally N, where e.g. N is 2, 3, 4, or 5; the angle between any two adjacent positioning rods 64 is 360°/N, hence the above “specific angle” is 360°/N, namely the sample 32 is rotated by a rotation angle of 360°/N for each stroke of the elevating shaft 42, thereby creating a uniform abrasion for the sample 32 from N directions is realized.

Preferably, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation as described in 5 and 7 is shown, also a grinding spindle 8; and the grinding spindle 8 is rotatably connected to the machine frame 2, and the grinding counterpart 1 is fixedly connected to the grinding spindle 8. In other words, the grinding counterpart 1 is driven to rotate relative to the machine frame 2 by rotating the grinding spindle 8 relative to the machine frame 2 .

like it in 7 1, a grinding wheel 811 is preferably further included which is fixedly connected to the grinding spindle 8 and which allows the grinding counterpart 1 to be fixedly connected to the grinding spindle 8 through the grinding wheel 811.

like it in 4 and 7 1, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation preferably further comprises an abrasive baffle 81 fixedly connected to the machine frame 2; along the longitudinal direction of the abrasive baffle 81, the abrasive baffle 81 includes a first side 812 and a second side 813 corresponding to each other; along the longitudinal direction of the abrasive baffle 81, the abrasive baffle 81 extends helically, and is configured such that a chamber results in the abrasive baffle 81; an inlet 82 is formed between the first side 812 and the second side 813 and is in communication with the chamber, and compared to the second side 813, the first side 812 is closer to the center of the chamber; the abrasive baffle 81 is placed enveloping the abrasive counterpart 1 and is located on the side facing the edge of the abrasive counterpart 1, and the inlet 82 faces the sample holder 31; when rotating the grinding counterpart 1, the first side 812 is located downstream of the second side 813 in the direction of rotation; and a notch 83 is provided on the side of the abrasive baffle 81 facing the first side 812, and the notch 83 is disposed opposite to the sample holder 31 and is parallel to the abrasive baffle 81 facing surface of the abrasive counterpart 1, that is, that of the first The side of the abrasive baffle 81 facing side 812 is spaced from the surface of the abrasive counterpart 1 .

In other words, the structure of the abrasive baffle 81, as shown in FIG 4 as shown, has the shape of a helical conical surface and the space of the chamber facing the first side 812 is smaller than the space of the chamber facing the second side 813.

When engaging the sample 32 with the abrasive counterpart 1, the sample 32 is first pressed against the abrasive in the form of wet sand, lifting the edge of the abrasive centered at the joint, and then with the frictional rotation of the abrasive counterpart 1 into the inlet 82 is brought near the edge of the abrasive counterpart 1, and thereby enters the chamber, achieving collection of the abrasive. When the abrasive in the chamber is rotated together with the abrasive counterpart 1, the abrasive rotates from the second side 813 to the first side 812 because the first side 812 is downstream of the second side 813 in the direction of rotation; and because the first side 812 is closer to the center of the chamber compared to the second side 813, the space between the abrasive baffle 81 and the abrasive counterpart 1 gradually decreases in the direction from the second side 813 to the first side 812. In summary, as the abrasive is rotated from the second side 813 to the first side 812, the abrasive is gradually pushed by the progressively smaller abrasive baffle 81; that is, the abrasive is agitated and discharged from the notch 83 near the first side 812. Since the notch 83 is parallel to the surface of the abrasive counterpart 1, the abrasive can be discharged in the flattened state. Then, since the notch 83 is arranged to oppose the sample holder 31, the flattened abrasive is discharged from under the sample holder 31 as well as from under the sample 32 and is rubbed again while engaging with the sample 32 and rotating the opposite grinding member 1.

In the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to this embodiment, the abrasive baffle 81 automatically collected, squeezed and agitated abrasives pressed out and adhered to the abrasive counterpart 1 during the rotating operation of the abrasive counterpart 1 with previous friction, and flattened the same to a certain height. With the rotation of the grinding counterpart 1, the abrasive is transported precisely to the drop-off point of the sample 32. Uniform treatment of the abrasive is realized, therefore, the particles in the abrasive do not settle naturally, that is, the abrasive is flattened more stably and homogeneously, so that the effect of the abrasive can be fully utilized. It is ensured that each engagement or friction between the sample 32 and the grinding counterpart 1 takes place under the same abrasion conditions, so that the damaging effect of abrasives on the sample 32 is identical and sufficient, and all abrasives can sufficiently participate in the full abrasion process of the material sample.

In summary, the abrasive baffle has the following effects: on the one hand, the abrasive scattered due to occlusion is collected, mixed and compressed, and thereby a stirring effect is realized, so that the abrasive is sufficiently and uniformly utilized; on the other hand, the abrasives pushed out from the first side 812 have an identical height, which ensures that each time engagement or friction takes place under the same abrasive conditions.

Furthermore, a rubber sheet is used as the abrasive counterpart 1, for this reason, the frictional force generated between the surface of the rubber sheet and the abrasive also serves to stabilize the abrasive, which ensures that no slippage occurs between the abrasive and the abrasive counterpart 1 , so that the wear exerted by the abrasive on the sample 32 is more effective.

like it in 2 As shown, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation preferably further comprises a driving device; the driving device comprises a driving shaft 91, a pinion gear, a ratchet gear and a driving part (not shown in the figure); the drive member is drivingly connected to the drive shaft 91 and capable of allowing the drive shaft 91 to rotate; and the drive shaft 91 is drivingly connected to the sliding sleeve 41 by means of the pinion gear, and the drive shaft 91 is drivingly connected to the grinding spindle 8 by the ratchet gear.

Specifically, includes the pinion gear as described in 2 there is shown a first gear 921 and a second gear 922 meshing with each other; the first gear 921 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 91, and the second gear 922 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 41; the first gear 921 is driven to rotate by the driving member driving the drive shaft 91 to rotate; and the first gear 921 drives the sliding sleeve 41 to rotate through the second gear 922.

The ratchet gear comprises a ratchet wheel 931 and a ratchet wheel 932 which cooperate with each other; the ratchet wheel 931 is integral with the drive shaft 91; the ratchet wheel 932 is integral with the grinding spindle 8; the ratchet wheel 931 is driven to rotate by the drive cable driving the drive shaft 91 to rotate; and the ratchet wheel 931 moves the ratchet wheel 932 so that the grinding spindle 8 is driven to rotate in a regular pulsating manner.

The regularly pulsating rotation of the grinding spindle 8 drives the grinding counterpart 1 to rotate in a regularly pulsating manner, as a result of which the frictional movement after each occlusion of the teeth in the human oral cavity is simulated more realistically.

Optionally, the drive part could be, but is not limited to, a motor or a geared motor; no limitation is to be made here as long as it can drive the drive shaft 91 to rotate.

like it in 5 and 6 1, the abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation preferably further comprises a positioning disk 71 fixedly connected to the grinding spindle 8; a lower bearing bush 72 is firmly connected to the machine frame 2 and is connected to the grinding spindle 8 by a second bearing 73; an elastic part 74 is firmly connected to the positioning disc 71, a positioning ball 75 being firmly connected to the side of the elastic part 74 facing the lower bearing bush 72; the lower bushing 72 is provided with a tapered positioning hole, and the positioning ball 75 is partially in the positioning hole, while the elastic member 74 serves to keep the positioning ball 75 tightly fitted in the positioning hole; there are a plurality of locating holes evenly spaced around the circumference of the lower bushing 72; and the angle between each adjacent locating holes equals the angle of pulsating rotation of the ratchet gear.

When the grinding spindle 8 is rotated in a pulsating manner, the positioning disc 71 rotates with it, while the lower bearing bush 72 does not rotate; if the grinding spindle 8 is not rotated by the correct rotation angle, the positioning ball 75 cannot now rotate to the central position in the next positioning hole, for example, the positioning ball 75 is clamped in the positioning hole and abuts a conical side surface. Now, the positioning cone 75 is forcibly pressed into the positioning hole due to the guiding action of the tapered surface of the positioning hole, and is in the central position of the positioning hole, thereby driving the grinding spindle 8 to rotate, which provides an aligning effect for the rotation of the grinding spindle 8 and therefore accurate positioning of the grinding spindle 8 is realized.

like it in 5 1, an upper bearing bush 76 is preferably further included which is fixedly connected to the machine frame 2 and which is rotatably connected to the grinding spindle 8 through a third bearing 77. By the thrust bearing 78, the normal pressure when the sample 32 engages with the grinding counterpart 1 is absorbed, and the frictional force generated due to a thrust pressure when the grinding spindle 8 rotates is reduced.

Finally, it is to be explained that the above embodiments only serve to describe the technical solutions of this application instead of limiting the same. Although this application is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments could still be modified, or part or all of the technical features therein could be equivalently substituted, including substitution of a gear or A positioning mechanism such as a gear, ratchet wheel, or baffle by a digital controller such as a stepping motor or servo motor; while these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the respective technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Commercial Applicability

An abrasion testing machine provided in an embodiment of this application for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation can ensure that the morphology of the worn surface of a material sample is similar to the morphology of the worn surface of the material in human oral cavity; moreover, it is shown by the results of the abrasion tests on several different materials in the two different environments that the rankings of these materials in terms of abrasion resistance in the two environments are identical. Therefore, the correlation between the results of an in vitro abrasion test of a composite resin filling material and the abrasion results thereof after long-term use in the oral cavity of a patient is increased, and the reliability of the evaluation of such a filling material in terms of abrasion resistance in the oral cavity by an in vitro test is ensured.

Claims (18)

Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation, characterized in that it comprises a traveling device, a grinding counterpart (1) and a machine frame (2), the traveling device and the grinding counterpart (1) both being connected to the machine frame (2); a sample holder (31) configured to mount a sample (32) is connected to the running device; the running device is capable of repeatedly lowering and raising and rotating the sample holder (31) relative to the machine frame (2), and the sample holder (31) is movable in a direction toward or away from the grinding counterpart (1) when the sample holder (31) is lowered or raised relative to the machine frame (2); the grinding counterpart (1) is rotatable relative to the machine frame (2); and the side of the grinding counterpart (1) facing the sample holder (31) is provided with an abrasive for simulating food. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 1 , characterized in that the abrasive comprises fluorspar powder having a Mohs hardness of 4 and distilled water added to the fluorspar powder. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the grinding counterpart (1) is a rubber plate. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to any one of Claims 1 - 3 , characterized in that the running device comprises a sliding sleeve (41) and a lifting shaft (42), and the slide sleeve (41) is rotatably connected to the machine frame (2); the sliding sleeve (41) is provided with a keyway (411) extending along the axial direction of the sliding sleeve (41); and a spring key (421) is provided on the lift shaft (42) which cooperates with the keyway (411) and is configured such that the lift shaft (42) is rotatable together with the sliding sleeve (41); along the axis direction of the lift shaft (42), the lift shaft (42) includes a first end and a second end corresponding to each other, and the sample holder (31) is placed at the first end. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 4 , characterized in that the key (421) along the direction of extension of the keyway (411) is movable; a face cam (5) is fixedly connected to the second end of the lift shaft (42), and the projection (51) of the face cam (51) faces the sample holder (31); _r a support wheel (61) is firmly connected to the machine frame (2), which is arranged under the face cam (5) and which cooperates with the projection (51) and is configured in such a way that repeated lowering and lifting of the lifting shaft (42 ) is enabled. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 5 characterized in that a counterweight (62) is further included; the counterweight (62) being firmly connected to the side of the face cam (5) facing away from the sample holder (31). Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 5 or 6 characterized in that a rotating sleeve (63) is further included; the rotating sleeve (63) is connected to the first end of the lifting shaft (42) by a bearing set and is rotatable relative to the lifting shaft (42), and the sample holder (31) is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve (63); a plurality of positioning rods (64) distributed uniformly over the circumference are fixedly connected to the lateral surface of the rotary sleeve (63), the axis direction of the positioning rod (64) being aligned perpendicularly to the axis direction of the rotary sleeve (63); a positioning plate (65) fixed to the machine frame (2); the positioning rod (64) is to be driven to lower by the rotary sleeve (63) when the lifting shaft (42) is lowered, so that the positioning rod (64) abuts against the positioning plate (65), and the rotation of the positioning rod (64) is thereby stopped. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to any one of Claims 4 - 7 , characterized in that a grinding spindle (8) is further included; the grinding spindle (8) is rotatably connected to the machine frame (2), and the grinding counterpart (1) is firmly connected to the grinding spindle (8). Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 8 , characterized in that a grinding wheel (811) is further included; the grinding wheel (811) is fixedly connected to the grinding spindle (8), and the grinding counterpart (1) is configured for fixed connection to the grinding spindle (8) by means of the grinding wheel (811). Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 8 or 9 characterized in that an abrasive baffle (81) is further included fixedly connected to the machine frame (2); along the longitudinal direction of the abrasive baffle (81), the abrasive baffle (81) includes a first side (812) and a second side (813) corresponding to each other; extending helically along the longitudinal direction of the abrasive baffle (81), the abrasive baffle (81) and being configured to result in a chamber in the abrasive baffle (81); and an inlet (82) formed between the first side (812) and the second side (813) and in communication with the chamber, and compared to the second side (813), the first side (812) closer to the center the chamber lies; the abrasive baffle (81) is placed enveloping the abrasive counterpart (1) and is on the side facing the edge of the abrasive counterpart (1) and the inlet (82) faces the sample holder (31); and rotating the abrasive counterpart (1) is configured such that the first side (812) is downstream of the second side (813) in the direction of rotation; a notch (83) is provided on the side of the abrasive baffle (81) facing the first side (812), and the notch (83) is positioned opposite to the sample holder (31) and parallel to that of the abrasive baffle (81) facing surface of the grinding counterpart (1). Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 10 , characterized in that there is a distance between the first side (812) facing side of the abrasive baffle (81) and the surface of the abrasive counterpart (1). Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation claim 10 or 11 characterized in that the structure of the abrasive baffle (81) is in the form of a helical conical surface and the space of the chamber facing the first side (812) is smaller than the space of the chamber facing the second side (813). Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to any one of Claims 8 - 12 , characterized in that a driving device is further included; the drive device comprises a drive shaft (91), a pinion gear, a ratchet gear and a drive part; the drive member is drivingly connected to the drive shaft (91) and capable of permitting rotation of the drive shaft (91); the drive shaft (91) is drive-connected to the sliding sleeve (41) by means of the gear train, and the drive shaft (91) is drive-connected to the grinding spindle (8) by means of the ratchet gear train. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation Claim 13 , characterized in that the gear train comprises a first gear (921) and a second gear (922) meshing with each other; the first gear (921) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (91), the second gear (922) is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (41), the drive member is configured to drive the drive shaft (91) by driving the first driving gear (921) to rotate, and configuring the first gear (921) to drive, through the second gear (922), the sliding sleeve (41) to rotate. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that the ratchet gear comprises a ratchet wheel (931) and a ratchet wheel (932) which cooperate with each other; the ratchet wheel (931) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (91), the ratchet wheel (932) is fixedly connected to the grinding spindle (8), the drive part is configured to drive the drive shaft (91) to rotate the ratchet wheel (931 ) to rotate and the ratchet wheel (931) is configured to move the ratchet wheel (932) so that the grinding spindle (8) is driven to rotate in a pulsating manner. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to any one of Claims 13 - 15 , characterized in that a positioning disk (71) is further included, which is in fixed connection with the grinding spindle (8); a lower bearing bush (72) is firmly connected to the machine frame (2) and is connected to the grinding spindle (8) by a second bearing (73); an elastic part (74) is fixedly connected to the positioning disk (71), a positioning ball (75) being fixedly connected to the side of the elastic part (74) facing the lower bearing bush (72); the lower bearing bush (72) is provided with a tapered positioning hole, and the positioning ball (75) is partially located in the positioning hole, the elastic member (74) serving to always tightly fit the positioning ball (75) in the positioning hole; there are a plurality of locating holes evenly spaced circumferentially about the lower bearing bush (72); the angle between each adjacent positioning holes equals the angle of pulsating rotation of the ratchet gear. Abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation Claim 16 Characterized in that an upper bearing bush (76) is further included which is fixed to the machine frame (2) and which is rotatably connected to the grinding spindle (8) through a third bearing (77). A method of operating an abrasion testing machine for testing a composite resin material by chewing simulation according to any one of Claims 1 - 17 , characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: connecting a sample to a sample holder; driving the sample holder with a carriage to lower so that the sample engages a grinding counterpart; rotating the abrasive counterpart relative to the machine frame to create friction between the sample and the abrasive counterpart; driving the sample holder to rise by the running device so that the sample is gradually moved away from the grinding counterpart; and driving the sample holder by the running device to rotate relative to the machine frame so that the sample is rotated through a certain angle, being configured so that the grinding counterpart is rotated through a certain angle, and changing the position for engaging the sample becomes; and repeating the above steps.

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