DE112011105492B4 - charging station - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for operating a charging station (10, 11, 12) and for charging at least one electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) connected to the charging station (10, 11, 12), - with a measuring device (110) of the charging station (10, 11, 12) during the charging process at least one current and/or voltage and/or power measured value (Um(t), Im(t)) is measured and the at least one current and/or voltage and/or power measured value (Um(t), Im(t)) is compared with a predetermined reference charging curve (RLK) and using the reference charging curve (RLK) a charge state indication (LZA) indicating the charge state of the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) is determined, characterized in that that- for at least one of the measured current and/or voltage and/or power values (Um(t), Im(t)), a corresponding charging time (tk) is determined in the reference charging curve (RLK), which corresponds to the measured current and/or measured voltage and/or power value (Um(t), Im(t)) at the appropriate point in time Reference charging curve (RLK) indicates - after determining the corresponding charging time (tk) in the reference charging curve (RLK), further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values are measured and with the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or Power values of the reference charging curve are compared and the reference charging curve (RLK) is corrected if the deviation between the further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve is a predetermined one exceeds the threshold, - the reference charging curve (RLK) being corrected by adding correction values proportional to the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve the respective current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve to be added correctly.

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a charging station and for charging at least one electric vehicle connected to the charging station.

Charging stations for charging electric vehicles are marketed, for example, by Siemens under the product name “Charge CP700A”.

A method with the features according to the preamble of patent claim 1 is known from the publication U.S. 6,307,351 B1 known.

The publication WO 2011/ 073 765 A2 describes a charging method in which the respective state of charge of the battery is estimated during charging by taking the energy supplied (determined by multiplying current and voltage ) is added.

The documents JP H08-116 626 A and US 2010/0 017 249 A1 deal with the simultaneous charging of several vehicles.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for operating a charging station that allows a forecast to be made about the course of the charging process and the charging power required for the charging process.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features according to patent claim 1 . Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it is provided that for at least one of the measured current and/or voltage and/or power values, a corresponding charging point in time is determined in the reference charging curve, which corresponds to the point in time in the reference charging curve indicates, after the determination of the corresponding charging time in the reference charging curve, further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values are measured and compared with the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve and the reference charging curve is corrected , if the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve exceeds a predetermined threshold, the reference charging curve being corrected by calculating the deviation between the other electricity and nd/or measured voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve are added with correction values proportional to the respective current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve with the correct sign.

An essential advantage of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that, based on the state of charge information formed according to the invention, it can be very easily predicted or determined which residual charge is still required to fully charge the electric vehicle. Thus, both the further charging time and the charging resources required by the charging station in terms of charging current or charging power for the further charging process can be determined in a very simple manner.

The adaptation or correction or optimization of the reference charging curve according to the invention can advantageously take account of battery aging.

It is considered advantageous if the further course of the charging power for the charging process is predicted on the basis of the state of charge information. The prognosis of a further course of the charging power is particularly advantageous if several electric vehicles are to be charged and the total charging energy available for charging the electric vehicles is to be optimally distributed among the electric vehicles.

A state of charge indication that directly and quantitatively indicates the state of charge can be determined, for example, by integrating the reference charging curve from the beginning of charging of the reference charging curve to the corresponding charging time.

In order to be able to use the best possible reference charging curve for charging the electric vehicle, it is considered advantageous if a signal characterizing the electric vehicle to be charged individually or with regard to its type is evaluated and an individual or type-related reference charging curve is used for the electric vehicle to determine the state of charge information will.

As already mentioned, a corresponding charging time in the reference charging curve can advantageously be determined using at least one measured current and/or voltage and/or power value. Alternatively, the corresponding charging time can also be determined using a measurement interval that includes a plurality of current and/or which includes voltage and/or power readings. Accordingly, it is considered advantageous if a plurality of current and/or voltage and/or power measured values are measured in a predetermined measurement interval with the measuring device of the charging station, the current and/or voltage and/or power measured values in the predetermined measurement interval are compared with the predetermined reference charging curve and the reference charging interval corresponding to the measurement interval is determined in the reference charging curve and the charging state indication indicating the charging state of the electric vehicle is determined on the basis of the reference charging interval determined.

It is considered advantageous in this respect if, after the corresponding reference charging interval has been determined in the reference charging curve, further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values are measured and compared with the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve and the reference charging curve is corrected if the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve exceeds a predetermined threshold.

If two or more electric vehicles are to be charged with charging stations, it is considered advantageous if a charge state indication indicating the charge state of the electric vehicle is determined for each vehicle, the charging power profile is forecast for each electric vehicle using the respective charge state indication and the distribution of the Charging station for charging available total charging power to the electric vehicles taking into account the predicted charging power curves.

In order to be able to use an optimal reference charging curve for charging the electric vehicles, it is considered advantageous if the electric vehicles to be charged are identified individually or with regard to their type and an individual or type-related reference charging curve is used to determine the state of charge information for each electric vehicle.

The invention also relates to a charging station for charging at least one electric vehicle, as described in claim 8.

With regard to the advantages of the charging station according to the invention, reference is made to the above statements on the method according to the invention, since the advantages of the method according to the invention essentially correspond to those of the charging station according to the invention.

It is considered advantageous if the evaluation device is suitable for using the state of charge information to predict the course of charging power for the charging process and to report the course of charging power predicted to a higher-level control device.

• 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Anordnung mit drei Ladestationen, an denen jeweils ein Elektrofahrzeug aufgeladen wird,
• 2 beispielhaft eine Referenzladekurve anhand derer der Ladezustand eines Elektrofahrzeugs ermittelt wird,
• 3 beispielhaft die Referenzladekurve gemäß 2, wobei eine Ladezeitpunktbestimmung anhand des Stromverlaufs erfolgt,
• 4 beispielhaft die Bildung einer korrigierten Referenzladekurve.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments; show examples:

• 1 an embodiment of an arrangement with three charging stations, at each of which an electric vehicle is charged,
• 2 as an example a reference charging curve which is used to determine the state of charge of an electric vehicle,
• 3 as an example, the reference charging curve according to 2 , whereby the charging time is determined based on the current curve,
• 4 example the formation of a corrected reference charging curve.

For the sake of clarity, the figures always use the same reference symbols for identical or comparable components.

In the 1 one recognizes three charging stations 10, 11 and 12, which are fed on the input side with energy from an energy distribution network 20. The three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 are connected to a higher-level control device 30, which can divide the total charging capacity of the energy distribution network 20 available for the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 among the three charging stations if they consume more charging capacity or according to a forecast will consume / want than the energy distribution network 20 can provide.

In the representation according to the 1 an electric vehicle 40 with a battery 41 is connected to the charging station 10, an electric vehicle 50 with a battery 51 is connected to the charging station 11, and an electric vehicle 60 with a battery 61 is connected to the charging station 12.

In the following it is assumed, for example, that the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 are structurally identical; For this reason, the further explanations relate only to charging station 10 as an example.

In the 1 it can be seen that the charging station 10 is equipped with a control device 100 is that controls the charging process when charging the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 . A measuring device 110 of the charging station 10 is connected between the control device 100 and the electric vehicle 40 . The measuring device 110 measures the charging voltage present at the battery 41 and the charging current with which the battery 41 is charged.

The measuring device 110 is connected to an evaluation device 120 on the output side. Evaluation device 120 includes a logging unit 121, a charging curve evaluation unit 122 and a prognosis unit 123.

On the output side, evaluation device 120 is connected to control device 30 in order to transmit to it a state of charge indication LZA and a predicted charging power profile PLV, which relates to the current charging process, i.e. here to the charging process for charging battery 41 of electric vehicle 40.

In the 1 one can also see a data connection L via which the control device 100 receives an identification signal S that characterizes the electric vehicle 40 to be charged individually or with regard to its type. The identification signal S can either of a in the 1 originate from the transmission device of the electric vehicle 40, not shown for reasons of clarity, or are generated by the respective driver of the electric vehicle 40. For example, at the beginning of the charging process, the driver can generate the identification signal S using a keyboard on charging station 10 or alternatively using a mobile communications device or in some other way, so that charging station 10 can identify the vehicle individually or with regard to its design, in particular with regard to the design or type of the Identify battery 41 and can perform an optimized charging process for the electric vehicle 40 .

Based on the electric vehicle 40 individually or in terms of its design characterizing identification signal S, the control device 100 can, for example, an individual or design-specific reference charge curve RLK from a 1 Read not shown memory of the charging station 10 in order to carry out the charging process optimally.

With the charging power profile PLV of the charging station 10 predicted using the reference charging curve RLK and with the corresponding predicted charging power profiles of the other two charging stations 11 and 12, the control device 30 is able to check whether the total charging power provided by the energy distribution network 20 is sufficient to carry out the charging processes as forecast to be able to execute. If the control device 30 determines that the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 predict a greater overall power requirement than the energy distribution network 20 can provide, the control device 30 can transmit control signals ST1, ST2 and ST3 for the three charging stations 10, 11 and 12 generate to cause a reduction in charging power when charging the three electric vehicles 40, 50 and 60. For example, if the charging power at charging station 10 is to be reduced, control device 30 can transmit a control signal ST1 to control device 100 of charging station 10, for example, with which control device 100 is requested to select an alternative charging curve with a lower power consumption, in particular a lower charging current, for Charging the electric vehicle 40 to use.

• Die mit der Messeinrichtung 110 in Verbindung stehende Protokollierungseinheit 121 protokolliert die Strommesswerte Im(t) und Spannungsmesswerte Um(t) der Messeinrichtung 110 und leitet diese zur Ladekurvenauswerteinheit 122 weiter.

The mode of operation of evaluation device 120 for generating the predicted charging power profile PLV is explained in more detail below by way of example:

• The logging unit 121 connected to the measuring device 110 logs the measured current values Im(t) and measured voltage values Um(t) of the measuring device 110 and forwards them to the charging curve evaluation unit 122 .

Charging curve evaluation unit 122 uses a charging curve—referred to below as the reference charging curve—that control device 100 has selected for charging electric vehicle 40, for example using identification signal S, and uses as a basis for the charging process, to determine the state of charge of battery 41 and generates a state of charge indication LZA that indicates the state of charge.

For example, the charging curve evaluation unit 122 determines a corresponding charging time in the reference charging curve, which indicates the point in time in the reference charging curve that matches the respective measured current and/or voltage value. As will be explained in more detail below, the state of charge of the battery 41 can be determined quantitatively with the corresponding charging time; the corresponding charging time can thus already be understood as an indirect indication of the state of charge. With the corresponding charging time, an immediate indication of the state of charge LZA can be formed, which indicates the state of charge directly and quantitatively, for example based on the storage capacity of the battery 41 . This is to be done below using the 2 be explained in more detail by way of example.

the 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a reference charging curve RLK, which is defined by the setpoint charging current curve Is(t) and the associated setpoint voltage curve Us(t) over time t. Determining the corresponding loading time point tk, which, as already explained, represents an indirect indication of the state of charge, can take place in the reference charging curve RLK, for example, in such a way that the measured voltage value Um of the measuring device 110 or the logging unit 121 is compared with the target voltage values Us(t) of the reference charging curve RLK. The point in time in the reference charging curve RLK at which the measured voltage value Um is identical to a setpoint voltage value Us(t) in the reference charging curve RLK forms the corresponding charging point in time tk.

wobei T die Gesamtladezeit beim Laden gemäß der Referenzladekurve RLK bezeichnet. Die Ladezustandsangabe LZA gibt hier einen Anteilsfaktor an, der sich auf eine vollgeladene Batterie 41 bezieht. Ein Wert von beispielsweise 0,3 entspricht also einem Ladezustand von 30%.With the corresponding charging time tk determined in this way, the charging curve evaluation unit 122 can generate an immediate indication of the state of charge LZA, which quantitatively indicates the state of charge of the battery 41 . To do this, it can, for example, integrate the target charging current curve Is(t) of the reference charging curve RLK up to the corresponding charging time tk: $$LZA=\frac{{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{tk}{\int }}Is\left(t\right)\mathrm{i.e}t}}{{\displaystyle {\int }_0^{T}Is\left(t\right)\mathrm{i.e}t}},$$

where T denotes the total charging time when charging according to the reference charging curve RLK. The state of charge indication LZA indicates a proportional factor that relates to a fully charged battery 41 . A value of 0.3, for example, corresponds to a state of charge of 30%.

entspricht in der 2 die Fläche unter dem Sollladestromverlauf Is(t) der Referenzladekurve RLK im Intervall zwischen t=0 und t=tk. Das Integral gibt die Ladung an, die bereits in der Batterie 41 des Elektrofahrzeugs 40 gespeichert ist. Um die noch nötige Restladung Qr zum vollständigen Aufladen der Batterie 41 zu bestimmen, muss lediglich von der Gesamtkapazität Qmax der Batterie 41 die bereits geladene Ladungsmenge abgezogen werden: $$\text{Qr}=\text{Qmax}-{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{tk}{\int }}Is\left(t\right)dt}$$

The integral ${\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{tk}{\int }}Is\left(t\right)\mathrm{i.e}t}$

corresponds in the 2 the area under the target charging current profile Is(t) of the reference charging curve RLK in the interval between t=0 and t=tk. The integral indicates the charge already stored in the battery 41 of the electric vehicle 40 . In order to determine the remaining charge Qr required to fully charge the battery 41, the amount of charge already charged must simply be subtracted from the total capacity Qmax of the battery 41: $$\text{qr}=\text{Qmax}-{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{tk}{\int }}Is\left(t\right)\mathrm{i.e}t}$$

Alternatively, the integral of the reference charging curve from the corresponding charging time tk to the end of the charging process at time t=T can also be calculated. In this case, the required residual charge Qr is as follows: $$\text{qr}={\displaystyle \underset{tk}{\overset{T}{\int }}Is\left(t\right)\mathrm{i.e}t}$$

The state of charge information LZA determined in this way and the corresponding charging time tk are transmitted from the charging curve evaluation unit 122 to the prognosis unit 123, which forms the predicted charging power profile PLV with the corresponding charging time tk.

The predicted charging power profile PLV for the remaining charging time interval from t=tk to t=T can be formed by the prognosis unit 123, for example, by the target charging current profile Is(t) of the reference charging curve RLK being multiplied by the target voltage profile Us(t) of the reference charging curve RLK and the resulting Target power curve P(t)=Us(t)*Is(t) for the remaining charging time interval from t=tk to t=T is output.

In the representation according to 2 the corresponding charging time tk is determined using a measured voltage value Um(t); alternatively or additionally, the corresponding charging time tk can also be determined using the current profile Is(t) of the reference charging curve RLK. This shows the example 3 , in which the corresponding charging time tk in the reference charging curve RLK is determined on the basis of a logged measured current value Im(t) of the logging unit 121 .

the 4 shows by way of example that evaluation device 120 can also correct or modify reference charging curve RLK if it determines that the logged further measured current and/or voltage values Im(t) and Um(t) of logging unit 121 deviate too much from the corresponding setpoint current and /or Target voltage measurement values Is(t) and Us(t) of the reference charging curve RLK deviate. The corrected reference charging curve RLK' formed by the correction or modification is in FIG 4 indicated by a dashed line. Such a correction can be made, for example, by looking at the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage values Im(t) and Um(t) and the corresponding target current and/or target voltage values Is(t) and Us(t) of the reference charging curve RLK proportional correction values are added to the respective setpoint current and/or setpoint voltage values of the reference charging curve RLK with the correct sign.

The corrected reference charging curve RLK′ formed in this way is preferably stored in the charging station 10 instead of the original or previous reference charging curve RLK, so that both the control device 100 and the evaluation device 120 can access the corrected reference charging curve RLK′ for further charging processes. The corrected reference charging curve RLK' can also be transmitted to the control device 30 so that it can be made available to other charging stations.

The control device 100 can be, for example, a data processing system, in particular in the form of a computer, which is programmed accordingly in order to be able to carry out the functions described above. The evaluation device 120 with the logging unit 121, the charging curve evaluation unit 122 and the prognosis unit 123 can be formed by one or more software modules that are executed by the data processing system.

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

Method for operating a charging station (10, 11, 12) and for charging at least one electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) connected to the charging station (10, 11, 12), - with a measuring device (110) of the charging station (10, 11, 12) during the charging process at least one current and/or voltage and/or power measured value (Um(t), Im(t)) is measured and - the at least one current and/or voltage and/or power measured value (Um(t), Im(t)) is compared with a predetermined reference charging curve (RLK) and using the reference charging curve (RLK) a state of charge indication (LZA) indicating the state of charge of the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) is determined, characterized in that that - for at least one of the measured current and/or voltage and/or power values (Um(t), Im(t)), a corresponding charging time (tk) is determined in the reference charging curve (RLK), which corresponds to the measured current and/or measured voltage and/or power value (Um(t), Im(t)) at the appropriate point in time indicates the reference charging curve (RLK), - after determining the corresponding charging time (tk) in the reference charging curve (RLK), further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values are measured and compared with the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or or power values of the reference charging curve are compared and - the reference charging curve (RLK) is corrected if the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve is one exceeds a predetermined threshold, - the reference charging curve (RLK) being corrected by correction values proportional to the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve to the respective current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve e are added with the correct sign. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that based on the state of charge information (LZA) a charging power curve (PLV) is predicted for the charging process. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a signal (S) characterizing the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) to be charged individually or with regard to its type is evaluated and - an individual signal for the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60). or a type-related reference charging curve (RLK) is used to determine the state of charge specification (LZA). Method according to any of the foregoing claims 2 - 3 , characterized in that - the state of charge information (LZA) is determined by integration of the reference charging curve (RLK) from the start of charging of the reference charging curve (RLK) to the corresponding charging time (tk). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - two or more electric vehicles (40, 50, 60) are charged, - for each vehicle (40, 50, 60) the state of charge of the electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) specifying state of charge information (LZA) is determined, - for each electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) using the respective state of charge information (LZA) the charging power profile is predicted and - the distribution of the charging stations (10, 11, 12) available for charging standing total charging power on the electric vehicles (40, 50, 60) taking into account the predicted charging power curves (PLV). procedure after claim 5 , characterized in that - the electric vehicles (40, 50, 60) to be charged are each identified individually or with regard to their type and - for each electric vehicle (40, 50, 60) an individual or a type-related reference charging curve (RLK) for determining the state of charge information (LZA) is used. Charging station (10, 11, 12) for charging at least one electric vehicle (40, 50, 60), wherein - the charging station (10, 11, 12) has a measuring device (110) for measuring at least one current and/or voltage - and/or measured power value (Um(t), Im(t)) during the charging process, and - the charging station (10, 11, 12) has an evaluation device (120) which is suitable for the at least one current and / or voltage and / or power measurement value (Um (t), Im (t)) with a predetermined reference charging curve (RLK) and based on the reference charging curve (RLK) to determine the state of charge of the electric vehicle state of charge indication (LZA). characterized in that the evaluation device (120) and the measuring device (110) are designed in such a way that - a corresponding charging time for at least one of the current and/or voltage and/or power measured values (Um(t), Im(t)). (tk) is determined in the reference charging curve (RLK), which indicates the point in time in the reference charging curve (RLK) that matches the measured current and/or voltage and/or power value (Um(t), Im(t)), - after determining the corresponding charging time (tk) in the reference charging curve (RLK), further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values are measured and compared with the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve and - the reference charging curve (RLK) is corrected if the deviation between the further measured current and/or voltage and/or power values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve urve exceeds a predetermined threshold, - the reference charging curve (RLK) being corrected by the deviation between the further current and/or voltage and/or power measured values and the corresponding current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve proportional correction values are added to the respective current and/or voltage and/or power values of the reference charging curve with the correct sign. charging station after claim 7 , characterized in that the evaluation device (120) is suitable for using the state of charge information (LZA) to predict the charging performance profile for the charging process and to report the predicted charging performance profile (PLV) to a higher-level control device (30).

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