DE112009002264T5 - Lithium Ion Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Battery (3, 46) comprising a plurality of cells (4, 18, 19), preferably lithium-ion cells, and an outer housing (7, 11, 51), wherein a plurality of cells (4, 18, 19) are combined modules (8, 52) and the modules (8, 52) are arranged next to each other, the cells (4, 18, 19) being arranged connected to one another in the event of damage via module housings (9, 29, 31) of the modules (8, 52) are in the outer housing (7, 11, 51), one module housing (9, 29, 31) of each module (8) forming a first structure (10), which has a shock-absorbing effect in the event of damage, and a plurality of module housings (9, 29, 31 ) are fixedly arranged in the outer housing (7, 11, 51).

Description

The present invention relates to a battery, preferably a motor vehicle battery, in particular for a hybrid or electric motor vehicle, wherein the battery comprises a plurality of cells, preferably a plurality of lithium-ion cells.

From the WO 2008/083920 goes out an electrochemical cell that form a battery for use in a vehicle with a variety of other cells as so-called "coffee bag cells". From this document, the basic structure of such a cell system is apparent.

Object of the present invention is to provide a battery, preferably a motor vehicle battery, which is particularly accident-proof.

This object is achieved with a battery having the features of claim 1, with an arrangement of a battery having the features of claim 27, a use of coffee-bag cells with the features of claim 31 and a method having the features of claim 32 , Further advantageous embodiments can be taken from the respective subclaims. However, the resulting from the respective subclaims individual features are not limited to the embodiments of the individual subclaims. Rather, these individual features can be linked to other features from other subclaims as well as from the description to developments.

A battery is proposed which comprises a plurality of cells, preferably lithium-ion cells, and an outer housing. Several cells together form a module in each case, wherein the modules are arranged next to one another. About module housing of the modules, the cells are separable connected in the event of damage arranged in the outer housing, each module housing a module forms a structure that absorbs shock in case of damage and several module housings are fixedly mounted in the outer housing.

According to one embodiment, the outer housing forms a first structure, a plurality of cells combined form modules, wherein each module is arranged in a module housing and the module housings are arranged side by side, wherein each module housing of a module forms a second structure and a plurality of module housings are arranged in the outer housing , Preferably, by means of the first structure and / or second structure, an externally applied force can be collected and absorbed. The outer housing forms the first structure and the respective module housing forms the second structure. The module housings form intrinsically safe cell modules, whereby the module housings accommodate the individual cells of the battery. By dividing the cells into intrinsically safe cell modules, on the one hand, the number of damaged cells in the event of a fault and thus also the amount of potentially released energy can be limited. On the other hand, in one version, defective module housings can be easily replaced, so that the entire battery does not have to be replaced. The protection of the cells in the module housings is also advantageously given against external influences due to the modularization. Even in the case where one or more cells are damaged or there is a short circuit between adjacent cells, the damage is limited by the intrinsically safe cell modules. If damage to individual cells occurs, for example, in the event of a damage, a chain reaction, that is to say, damage to adjacent cells spreads across the module housing is limited.

A further preferred embodiment has an embodiment in which an externally applied force can be collected and absorbed by means of the first structure and / or second structure. The module housing forms a second structure with which external forces can be collected or absorbed in the event of a crash. Due to the design of the individual module housing with a force-absorbing structure, the force acting from the outside can be distributed to a plurality of module housings. As a result, the load capacity of the battery is increased and thus ensures greater safety. But even in stationary operation, the structured design of the module housing forms an advantage. If, for example, external forces act on the battery during stationary operation, during transport or when the battery is being built up, these are collected, for example, by the several, preferably complementary, and supporting module housings. The module housings thus have a stabilizing effect and thus again serve safety. In addition to a structured construction of the module housing, it is also conceivable to form the outer housing as a first structure in a force-absorbing and absorbing form. Thus, the first and / or second structure form a means for increasing the safety of the battery.

A further development has module housing in the outer housing arranged separable from each other, so that a module housing is replaceable. By a separable installation of the module housing in the outer housing, it is possible to separate the module housing in the event of damage or during maintenance of each other and separately installed and removed. As a result, maintenance and / or repair costs are minimized. Separable means according to a development, for example, that the module housing in Outer housing can be moved relative to each other. Thus, it is possible that in a case of damage, for example, damage to the battery due to external influences only the loaded module housing are separated from the non-loaded module housings. It is conceivable here that the module housings are connected to one another in such a separable manner that the module housings are movable relative to one another. It is also conceivable that the module housing are firmly connected to each other, wherein the fixed connection has a predetermined breaking point.

One embodiment provides lithium-ion cells. An advantage of lithium-ion cells is their high output voltage and another advantage is their low self-discharge. However, the invention is not limited to lithium-ionone batteries but applicable to any type of cells in the module housings. The intrinsically safe cell modules and the division of the cells into intrinsically safe cell modules increase the safety when using batteries with lithium-ion cells, as well as alternatives such as nickel-cadmium cells.

A further advantage results when the cells arranged in a module housing, in particular coffee-bag cells, are aligned vertically and next to one another with respect to the outer housing. Preferably, when using coffee bag cells, a vertical position is advantageous. Such cells usually have a ceramic separator, which is susceptible to bending loads, so that the coffee-bag cells are preferably used vertically. Vertical here means that the coffee bag cells are not planar in terms of their extent, that is arranged horizontally to a substrate in the battery, but such that the lowest possible bending load acts on the cells.

Within the battery, for example, the cells are permanently connected to each other. The cells may be welded together and / or potted. Thus, for example, it is possible to pour out the space or free space surrounding the cells with a thermally conductive resin or, for example, to foam it. Preferably, the cells are fixed within the module housing and held secure in position. This can provide several advantages: the cells do not slip, the cells increase the stability of the module housing. Due to the non-detachable connection of the cells, the safety of the battery, preferably a resistance to breakage is increased. Alternatively or at the same time, the free space can be filled with a shock-absorbing material, which in turn increases the intrinsic safety of the battery. In this case, shock-absorbing means that the material or material is capable, for example, of taking and / or absorbing a pulse-like force in the form of a shock. For example, if the battery is a battery in a forklift, the shock absorbing material may absorb shocks that occur, for example, during startup or loading.

In a further embodiment, the electrically conductive current guides are led out of the module housing and provided with a breakage protection, which triggers relative to the outer housing when the module housing is displaced and interrupts the current supply. Preferably, the fracture protection comprises a predetermined breaking point. A major advantage of the modular design of the battery is that in case of damage, the module housing separable from each other and thus damage can be minimized. In order to avoid consequential damage, such as short circuits, the electrical contacts or connections led out of the module housing are provided with predetermined breaking points at locations such that a short circuit is avoided in the event of breakage of the predetermined breaking point.

Another embodiment provides that arranged in a module housing, opposing cells are each rotated to each other and / or arranged offset. In operation, the cells have an uneven heat distribution. Thus, near the contacting of the cells, a higher heat development occurs. By rotating and / or displacing the cells relative to one another within the module housing, homogenization of the heat distribution takes place in an advantageous manner. If, for example, the cells are installed in opposite directions in relation to their contacting in the module housing, the areas of higher heat development in the contacting are not superimposed. Another advantage arises when the cells are not in opposite directions, that is, rotated by 180 ° to each other, but when the cells are offset from each other in the module housing are installed. By a staggered arrangement of the cells to each other, a homogenization of the heat distribution also takes place with respect to adjacent cells. Depending on the material used for the cells or depending on the dimension or heat development, it is also conceivable to arrange the cells arranged one above the other in the module housing rotated by, for example, 45 °, 90 ° or 185 °.

Furthermore, the battery may have at least one rupture protection. An anti-burst device may, for example, comprise the outer housing and / or a module, preferably each module. For example, the outer housing may have a frame with attached lid, wherein the lid is used as a rupture protection. Preferably, the rupture protection comprises a predetermined breaking point. The predetermined breaking point has the advantage that a targeted, defined break occurs, so that with a minimum Impairment or damage to the surrounding of the outer housing environment is expected. If the battery is used, for example, in a motor vehicle, then the rupture protection can be designed with a predetermined breaking point such that it is directed against the passenger compartment, so that safety in the motor vehicle is increased.

A further embodiment has a battery in which a plurality of module housing for cells are arranged within the outer housing, each having a frame and a fixedly connected to the frame lid, wherein the lid are each designed as a rupture. When the rupture protection is activated, it is provided, for example, that an electrically conductive connection of the cells in the module housing is interrupted to the outside. The rupture protection preferably also includes a predetermined breaking point here. With an integration of a predetermined breaking point in the module housing, a security is increased to the effect that it does not lead to a short circuit or a faulty contact outside the module housing in case of damage to the module housing.

A further embodiment of the invention provides for the use of coffee-bag cells for producing a battery, in particular for motor vehicle use in a hybrid or electric vehicle, wherein a plurality of coffee-bag cells combined form a module and each module is arranged in a module housing and a plurality of similar module housings are housed and connected in a battery case. The use of coffee-bag cells, which are arranged in modules in a module housing, offers the advantage that the coffee-bag cells can be used with a higher degree of safety for the environment. Thus, an electrically conductive connection between the modules can be interrupted under damage-causing force. For reasons of safety, it is advantageous if the battery housing is arranged in an underfloor region of a vehicle. The use of the battery case in an underfloor area of the motor vehicle enhances safety in that the passenger compartment is additionally protected in the event of an accident. In particular, in motor vehicles, such as electric vehicles or vehicles with hybrid drive, the use of a coffee bag cell is vorteihaft for other reasons: Coffee bag cells offer a high level of security due to their compact and closed design. This minimizes the risk of damaging the battery in the event of an accident. This risk is all the greater if the batteries used in a motor vehicle comprises a large volume.

Safety is improved by the arrangement of the coffee bag cells in module housings, which are in turn arranged in the battery housing.

Another advantage is provided by interrupting a current-conducting connection of a battery comprising a plurality of cells arranged in modules, the modules each being mounted in a module housing before the module housings are housed in an outer housing. In a damage caused by the force acting on the outer housing, the current-conducting connection is preferably interrupted due to the action of force in one or more module housing. The method of breaking a current-conducting connection offers the advantage that short-circuits or faulty contacts in the case of external force effects are avoided.

The further exemplary embodiments are described on the basis of a use of a battery having lithium-ion cells in the use of a motor vehicle battery. However, the embodiments are not limited to this embodiment of the battery as a lithium-ion battery, nor to the application in a motor vehicle. Rather, another battery with other cells can be used, as well as other uses for the battery, which are independent of a motor vehicle. Thus, use can be stationary, for example in the use of solar storage batteries, solar power plants, combined heat and power plants, emergency power systems, a household, in factories, in hospitals or other facilities where a battery is used. This can also be other mobile applications, for example in mobile power supplies, mobile tools, generator sets or even in a trailer, a submarine, a boat or ship or even an aircraft or in trains. Similarly, the battery can be used with a two-wheeler. The following individual features may also be used in these applications and / or with other battery cells and are also disclosed accordingly with the following description.

According to a further embodiment, it is proposed to provide a motor vehicle battery for a hybrid or an electric motor vehicle, wherein the battery comprises a plurality of lithium-ion cells, which are arranged separably connected to each other in an outer housing, which is used interchangeably in a motor vehicle. Because the lithium-ion cells are separable from one another, the motor vehicle battery can be adapted to the respective intended use and, in particular, also allow interchangeability of one or more lithium-ion cells, without the entire vehicle battery must be replaced. The fact that the motor vehicle battery itself is also used interchangeably in the motor vehicle, results in a particularly advantageous possibility to be able to perform the replacement of one or more lithium-ion cells not on the motor vehicle itself, but in another area. This allows for a maintenance of existing in the motor vehicle battery lithium-ion cells. On the other hand, necessary work, for example, to replace one or more lithium-ion cells can be carried out so that this does not have to take place in the narrowest space, but rather the space required for this is made available.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the outer housing forms a first structure which acts shock-absorbing in the event of damage, in each case several lithium-ion cells combined in each case form modules and the modules are arranged next to one another, wherein in each case a module housing of a module forms a second structure, the shock absorbing acts in the event of damage, and a plurality of module housings are fixedly arranged in the outer housing. In this way, it is possible to produce a particularly mechanically stable fuse of the lithium-ion cells. While the outer housing with its first structure preferably in a frame construction is able to absorb smaller impacts such as force and possibly to be able to absorb by deformation, is ensured in a forwarding a force from the outer housing to the respective module housing, that by their second structure also a force absorption takes place or absorbed by a deformation force and thereby remain in the module housing located lithium-ion cells as intact as possible. A further development provides that, in the event of damage, first the first structure deforms and transfers force to one or more module housings during the deformation. The power transmission to the respective module housing leads to a deformation, preferably a stabilized frame geometry, which is used as a secondary structure. A release of stress is preferably carried out via one or more covers, which has the module housing. These can change their shape to the outside and absorb forces acting here.

Furthermore, it is provided, for example, that an electrically conductive current lead leading out of a module housing is provided with a break-away device which triggers relative to the outer housing when the module housing is displaced and interrupts the current conduction. In this case, the current management can be used for example as a breakage protection. This ensures that in case of damage, the vehicle is not live and thus one or more people can be harmed. Damage to the electronic or electrical systems in the motor vehicle is prevented by such a power interruption.

According to another embodiment, it is provided, for example, that one or more breakages are connected to terminal lugs of the respective lithium-ion cells. For example, it may be provided that terminal lugs are passed through the respective module housing, wherein the terminal lugs are protected by plastic inserts in a wall passage against mechanical displacement. At the same time, the plastic inserts serve to insulate the connection lugs. An implementation of the terminal lugs can be done for example by a cover of the module housing, which may have one or more recesses, in particular slots for this purpose. An electrical contact of the terminal lugs can be done outside of the module housing in the outer housing. For example, this is a terminal block laid in the outer housing to which the terminal lugs are connected when inserting the replaceable module housing in the outer housing. By attaching a breakage protection in this area can be ensured that on the one hand, the power line between the power connector strip and the respective module housing is interrupted. On the other hand, it is ensured in the event of breakage that the hitherto current-carrying lines continue to remain insulated by the surrounding materials and, if necessary, not become current-contacting again as bare lines.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that a first lithium-ion cell arranged in a module housing has a heat balance with a second, adjacently arranged lithium-ion cell, in each case along the extension of the first and the second lithium-ion cells different Heat developments are at least equalized. The first and the second lithium-ion cell can, for example, lie directly on top of one another, in particular as a planar electric current cell. Preferably, two lithium-ion cells lie on each other and can thus ensure a heat exchange with each other. Depending on the arrangement of the lithium-ion cells in their internal structure results in a different heat development through the lithium-ion cell, that is, the lithium-ion cell is not the same temperature in all areas, but hereby differences. These differences can be counteracted by appropriate counter-arrangement of a neighboring lithium-ion cell, so that a temperature compensation takes place. Instead of a direct one Aufeinanderliegens two lithium-ion cells can also be arranged an intermediate layer. This intermediate layer is preferably thermally conductive.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that this intermediate layer is poured. According to another embodiment it can be provided that a thermally conductive foam is used. Another embodiment, in turn, provides that a heat-conducting material is provided between adjacent lithium-ion cells, which allows a heat exchange and in particular also a heat dissipation. A shock-absorbing material, preferably a foam, may be arranged around such cell packs formed from at least two contiguous lithium-ion cells. The shock absorbing material may or may not be thermally conductive. It can also serve as insulating material. Preferably, it has a stability capable of absorbing impact on one or more lithium-ion cells or cell packets. For example, this can be used for this purpose foamed with nitrogen foam. In addition, such a material may be fire-retardant, especially non-burning or even fire-extinguishing. Thus, according to one embodiment, an open-pored foam and, according to another embodiment, a closed-pore foam can be used. If, for example, the closed-cell foam is produced with inert gas, this protective gas can be released during thermal heating of a cell packet, thus providing an extinguishing effect. Preferably, arranged in a module housing, opposing lithium-ion cells are each arranged rotated to each other. Several of their opposing lithium-ion cells may in turn have one or more free spaces. Such free spaces can also be filled with a thermally conductive material, for example by means of a flowable heat-conducting material.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that one or more lithium-ion cells, preferably lithium-ion cell packets, are used in a module housing. These are electrically connected to each other and the free space between the lithium-ion cells is filled with a mechanical stability-forming material, for example, shed. As mentioned above, this material can be a foam, be thermally conductive, but also have an insulating effect. In addition, there is the possibility that a heat dissipation is provided in a module housing. It is preferred that a temperature in a module housing does not exceed a predefinable maximum temperature as possible. For this purpose, it may be provided that the module housing itself internally has a cooling, for example. It may also be additionally or alternatively provided that the module housing is cooled from the outside. If, for example, an external cooling of the module housing is provided, a thermally conductive material is preferably used in the module housing in order to stabilize the position of the respective lithium ion cells arranged there, preferably to be able to provide additional shock-absorbing protection for a damage case and to permit heat removal to the outside can. If a cooling is provided in the module housing itself, according to one embodiment, a heat removal system is arranged in the module housing, which provides heat dissipation from the respective lithium-ion cells to the outside outside of the module housing. The module housings can be provided, for example, with one or more fans as well as with one or more heat sinks or heat exchangers. The outer housing in turn may provide one or more heat dissipating devices. This can be, for example, one or more switchable fans. It is also possible that the outer housing and / or the module housing can be connected to a cooling device of the motor vehicle. It is preferred that such a connection is made to the outer housing, wherein within the outer housing, a heat dissipating flow is generated, so that a direct single connection of each module housing to a motor vehicle cooling device, for example, not additionally necessary. However, this is also possible according to another embodiment.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that lithium ion cells arranged in a module housing have cell monitoring. The cell monitoring can be arranged in particular on the module housing, preferably by an independent module in which the cell monitoring is used circuit technology. The cell monitoring can also be arranged in the module housing and is this case protected against damage from outside through the module housing. The cell monitoring provides according to a development at least a cell voltage monitoring and a safety shutdown. For example, cell voltage monitoring may detect a total voltage of an associated module or modules, as well as, preferably, individual lithium ion cells. A safety shutdown allows, for example, that an electrically conductive connection can be interrupted by at least one lithium-ion cell to a power dissipation. According to one embodiment, it is provided that the safety shutdown can switch off one or more lithium-ion cells or cell packages or modules. According to one embodiment, it is provided that each module housing is a cell monitoring having. According to another embodiment, it is provided that different module housings together have a single cell monitoring assigned. A data communication with an example, higher-level control device, preferably a battery control device, can be done by an additional line, in particular an information bus system. According to a further embodiment it can be provided that the current-carrying electrical line of the battery system or the motor vehicle is used for this purpose. According to a further embodiment, it is provided that an information system in which the motor vehicle battery is integrated with one or more modules partly utilizes wire-based cable routes, for example with the involvement of a cable harness, but also wirelessly, for example by means of radio transmission.

A cell monitoring, for example, be carried out remotely from the motor vehicle battery or a module housing. For this purpose, for example, a motor vehicle battery control unit can be used, which is located away from the actual motor vehicle battery in the vehicle. However, the control unit can also be arranged in de or on the outer housing. The actual cell monitoring can then take place via one or more sensors, which are arranged in the outer housing or in a single module housing and communicate with the control unit. In addition, there is the possibility that each module housing or the outer housing itself is a control unit available. Thus, for example, each individual control unit associated with a module housing can decide on the basis of the superordinate information which measures are to be taken in order to comply with predetermined parameters, for example a predetermined maximum temperature, a voltage to be delivered, a charging voltage or the like. According to one embodiment, it is provided, for example, that modules arranged within the outer housing with lithium-ion cells contained therein are connected as slave modules in a communication network. Due to its setting as the master, a default can be made via the higher-level battery control unit, which can execute the modules connected as slave accordingly. For this purpose, for example, it is provided that in the individual module housings corresponding activatable devices such as cooling devices, breaker contacts such as relays or the like, information storage or other means are provided, which may alternatively or additionally also be provided on the outer housing.

According to one embodiment, it is provided, for example, that a contacting board is arranged on a module housing. The contacting board is preferably located on a cover of the module housing according to an embodiment. The contacting board carries, for example, contacts for terminal lugs, for cell compensation electronics, in particular with regard to currents and voltages to be picked up and delivered, diagnostic electronics, preferably as described in the form of a slave module for a, for example, central battery control unit and one or several plugs, for example for a positive pole, a negative pole or for a communication line. According to a further development, it is provided that a contacting board is arranged on a module housing, with which the arranged in the module housing lithium-ion cells for current transmission are electrically connected and the contacting board is detachably connected to the module housing, that in a damage, the contacting board at least partially detached, while a current-carrying electrical connection is interrupted.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that within the outer housing a plurality of module housing for lithium-ion cells are arranged, each having a frame and fixedly connected to the frame cover, wherein the lid are each configured as a rupture protection, wherein upon activation of the Bursting is provided that an electrically conductive connection of the lithium-ion cells is interrupted in the module housing to the outside. For example, it can be provided that a cover of the module housing is firmly welded to a frame of the module housing. In this way, results in a mechanically very stable enclosure of each individual lithium-ion cells, which are preferably secured by appropriate fittings in the respective module housing in position. As indicated above, this can be supported by means of a potting compound, a foam or by corresponding inserts or recesses. These measures can also complement each other. Such a lid, in turn, preferably has a shape which, upon application of a force, leads to deformation, in particular to a bursting. If an overpressure is generated in the interior of a module housing, this leads to an example, bursting at intended breaking points of the cover. This bursting leads to a stress relief of a housing structure of the module housing. It can be provided that an electronic or electrical connection is interrupted at the same time as part of such a rupture. According to one embodiment, it is provided, for example, that a contacting board is at least partially torn off, so that the module housing is then without an electrical connection.

According to a further development, provision can be made for a contacting board to be arranged in the outer housing of the motor vehicle battery on a respective module housing containing a number of lithium-ion cells, the contacts for one or more terminal lugs of the lithium-ion cells, a cell Balancing electronics for a voltage and / or an electric current, a diagnostic electronics in the form of a slave module for a central battery control unit and one or more connectors for an electronic connection of the lithium-ion cells to a higher power line for both a communication line having. Such a contacting board can be part of a cell monitoring. If there is a rupture of a part of a module housing, for example a cover, it can be provided that at least some of these components present on the contacting board are either interrupted in their respective lines or are themselves destroyed.

It is preferably provided that in the case of an interruption, for example due to a fault, an error signal is automatically triggered to the higher-level control unit. This can then automatically ensure that the motor vehicle battery despite failure of one or more module housing supplies the necessary voltage or necessary current. For example, the control unit may also be able to determine a ranking of consumers to be supplied and, according to the actual available energy from the motor vehicle battery in the event of damage, automatically supply those consumers with energy according to a priority list, which are classified accordingly. In particular, this may relate, for example, to an automatic emergency call transmission, preferably with simultaneously automatic GPS location signal delivery, if a specific case of damage has been detected and forwarded.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that at least one readable information memory is assigned to the outer housing. This information store can be, for example, an EEPROM or else a flash memory. On the one hand, the information store can have one or more maps in order to ensure in this way, in conjunction with a cell monitoring, that predefinable conditions with respect to parameters of one or more modules are met. On the other hand, for example, the information store can also receive information that is received via one or more sensors with respect to one or more modules. This information can be evaluated, for example, by means of a separate computer unit on the outer housing or in the control unit itself. It is preferably provided that a plurality of information stores are arranged in the outer housing, which are respectively assigned to different, arranged on the outer housing modules. In this way, a separate information system of the motor vehicle battery can be created. On the one hand, a redundancy can be generated, so that in case of failure of, for example, a cell monitoring on a module another module can still continue this task. On the other hand, it can be ensured in this way that, in the case of damage, at least with regard to some modules, data for later evaluation and damage processing could still be available. It is preferably provided that an information memory is arranged at least in a module housing, which is read from outside the module housing. The arrangement in the module housing a special damage security for the information storage is ensured. If, for example, an external force is applied to the motor vehicle battery in the event of damage, the likelihood that such a secured information store will survive a damage event is greater. For example, it can also be provided that upon detection of a damage case, mm example, upon detection of a force on the motor vehicle battery and / or on the motor vehicle, a data comparison automatically takes place between different information memories of the motor vehicle battery and / or the motor vehicle. In this way it can be ensured that the information actually available is available in total independently of the storage location and in this way, on the one hand, a redundant operation is made possible after the damage has occurred and / or the damage data evaluated can be available for a damage assessment.

Another security results, for example, in that a plurality of housing modules, each with lithium-ion cells therein being exchangeably arranged in the outer housing. Preferably, the lithium-ion cells are packed together as cell packets and form with several cell packets each individual modules that are housed in the respective housing modules. This stability can be increased by virtue of the fact that the outer housing has, for example, a plurality of defined slots, into which housing modules adapted thereto can be inserted, preferably secured and electrically connected. For example, as stated above, the outer housing have a central bus bar to which each individual housing module can be connected and with respect to which each housing module can also be decoupled in particular. An additional, preferably mechanical fuse prevents the motor vehicle battery when impacted immediately total Has outer housing damage with internal housing module damage. Rather, can be created by corresponding braces and recordings by the defined slots additional stability in the outer case. According to a further embodiment, it can be provided, for example, that the outer housing has a lid which is non-destructively and repeatably detachable and reusable with a frame of the outer housing, wherein the lid points to a floor below the vehicle in a motor vehicle battery installed in a vehicle. In particular, this cover may also have a bursting protection. If there is a case of damage, the rupture protection can be triggered first, that is, the lid deforms outward. The fact that the cover is directed down to the roadway, an inner passenger cell of the motor vehicle is not destroyed by this deformation. Rather, occurring forces would be distributed over a surface by a corresponding planar geometry of the Innenfahrgastzelle associated outer housing side of the battery, which is remote from the lid. In addition, such a bursting allows that with appropriate deformation either the lid itself dissolves or such an opening in the lid arises that one or more module housing contained in the outer housing receive a free space within which they can then move, provided their respective brackets in Outdoor housing to be destroyed. In this way, an additional absorption of deformation energy can be provided. In particular, in this way there is the possibility that one or more module housings deform themselves either in the outer housing or can deform outwards, whereby one or more module housings can protrude from the outer housing also at least in part. For example, it is provided that an additional fuse between the module housing and the outer housing is provided, so that although module housing emerge from the outer housing, but not on this individual fuse and its length extension can also move away from the vehicle. In this way prevents module housing can fly away as individual parts of the vehicle in case of damage.

A further embodiment provides, for example, for stabilization that in the outer housing a plurality of module housing are arranged, which have a subdivision, wherein in each case in a first space one or more lithium-ion cells are arranged and in a, separated from the first space a second space Contacting board and an information storage are arranged. In this way, in the event of damage to a lithium-ion cell, the operation of the module housing can nevertheless be maintained insofar as corresponding information is sent immediately to the higher-level control unit and another cell monitoring and autonomous switching off of this module becomes possible. On the other hand, a special protection for the contacting board and the information memory is provided in this way. According to one embodiment, it is provided that the first or the second space have a lid attached as a boundary wall. This cover can in turn be provided with a bursting protection. A further embodiment provides that in the outer housing a plurality of module housing are arranged, each having a lid having at least one passage through which protrude through one or more terminal lugs of one or more lithium-ion cells. The protruding terminal lugs are electrically isolated, so that in case of damage, although an interruption of the electrical line takes place, the electrical lines themselves but remain isolated. If there is a force acting on the module housing, on the one hand the module housing itself can have a force-absorbing design, on the other hand the cover can be used for this purpose. If this deforms, this can lead to a breakdown of an electrical connection. The damaged module housing then provides no electric power but is in a secure, secured for a user of the motor vehicle state. It is preferred if a cover of the module housing is welded to the remaining structure of the module housing.

According to a further aspect of the invention, an arrangement of a motor vehicle battery having a multiplicity of lithium-ion cells in a lower region of a motor vehicle along a subfloor is proposed, wherein the lithium-ion cells extend substantially horizontally in the underfloor region or at several levels Positions are arranged in the motor vehicle. Instead of a horizontal extent at least some, according to an embodiment, all cells can extend vertically. For example, it is also possible that a plurality of outer housing are arranged with one or more modules at several positions in the motor vehicle. This offers the advantage that different free spaces in the motor vehicle can be used to hold the battery. This in turn advantageously enables a balanced weight distribution in the motor vehicle.

A substantially horizontal arrangement of the lithium-ion cells in the underbody area has various advantages. On the one hand, an impact protection of the motor vehicle battery is provided by arrangement on the underbody area. On the other hand, there is better accessibility for an exchange of lithium-ion cells, since by jacking up on a working platform the motor vehicle Battery is immediately accessible. On the other hand, it can be provided that a protective cover of the motor vehicle battery is provided in the underbody area, which also serves as underbody impact protection. This serves as a further protection against accidents. In particular, a sealed battery cell in the motor vehicle can be produced in this way, so that in case of damage a safety cell for the motor vehicle battery is provided. In addition, it is advantageous for the lithium-ion cells themselves due to the vibrations, shocks and material stresses acting on the motor vehicle when they extend quasi-lying. The forces acting on the motor vehicle and thus also on the lithium-ion cells can in this way be better distributed and also absorbed and absorbed in the cells. The risk of a material break due to stress is thereby reduced. A development provides that the lithium-ion cells are arranged in different module housings, which are secured to an outer housing of the motor vehicle battery and electrically separable connected to each other, and the outer housing has a longitudinal extent, in the installed state substantially horizontally along a Vehicle runs. A further embodiment provides that the motor vehicle is an electric or hybrid vehicle and in its underbody area has a holder which is suitable for the outer housing. Preferably, this is provided with a corresponding additional cover of the motor vehicle battery.

Another advantage arises when the battery is a built-in vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle battery and the vehicle, for example, a motor vehicle is an electric or hybrid vehicle and has a, in particular arranged in its underbody area, matching the outer housing holder. If the battery is arranged in an underfloor region of the vehicle, there is no danger to the occupants of the vehicle, for example in the event of an accident and the resulting damage to the battery. In addition, it is also possible to attach the battery in the underbody area replaceable on the vehicle, so that, for example, instead of charging the battery could be replaced.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that an outer housing of the Baterrie is part of a self-supporting structure of the vehicle, in particular of a motor vehicle. Motor vehicles, for example, today have mostly self-supporting bodies, that is, the body forms a composite, which determines the stability of the motor vehicle in itself. If the outer housing is formed such that it forms part of the body, then on the one hand there is the possibility to stiffen the body with the outer housing and on the other hand, the advantage of weight savings, since no additional support for the outer casing of the battery is needed. Reference may also be made here to a construction method, for example in motorcycles, in which the motor forms part of the supporting structure.

A further embodiment provides that the self-supporting body of the motor vehicle forms the outer casing of the battery. Due to the fact that the outer casing of the battery forms part of the body, there is the possibility that the body is at least partially designed such that the modules can be inserted directly into the body. For example, can result in a weight savings in adaptation of the body as the outer housing compared to a comparison with a body separated from the outer housing. Also, for example, a smaller number of components may be needed, which can save costs. For example, in an underbody area of the motor vehicle, an opening may be present into which the modules can be inserted. In this case, the body forms the outer housing and is formed such that the modules, for example, inserted and / or inserted and / or can be used. A preferred area for forming the outer housing of the battery is in the trunk or in an area below the passenger compartment.

A preferred material for the outer housing is aluminum because it is lightweight and thus reduces the weight of the battery and thus of the vehicle. The use of aluminum thus provides the advantage that the total weight of the battery can be reduced and the good formability, with a simultaneously sufficient dimensional stability of aluminum, the outer housing is easily adaptable or integrable to the body shape.

A further embodiment provides that a holder of the battery or the self-supporting structure is formed such that the outer housing in the case of a pulse-like load from the holder or the self-supporting structure is movable out, with a movement in a free space of the motor vehicle or from the vehicle done away. A pulse-like or beyond a normal load stress experience, for example, the vehicle when the vehicle suffers an accident and the battery or the outer housing experiences a pulse-like load. If, in this case, the outer housing is received in the motor vehicle, for example, in such a way that it can move in a free space, then there is no danger to it Occupants. A further embodiment provides that the outer housing moves out of the vehicle in the event of damage, as a result of which, for example, the occupants are again protected. For example, a retaining device may be provided which limits movement of the battery. A movement out of the vehicle can now also be partially permitted, for example by the restraint device.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a use of coffee-bag cells for producing a lithium-ion battery for automotive use in a hybrid or electric vehicle is proposed, wherein a plurality of coffee-bag cells combined form a module and several similar modules in a battery housing are housed and connected, wherein the battery case is disposed in an underfloor region of the vehicle. The coffee bag cells as well as the modules and the outer housing may be configured as described above with respect to the generally contemplated lithium-ion batteries.

According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed to provide a method of breaking an electrically conductive connection of a motor vehicle battery comprising a plurality of lithium ion cells, wherein the lithium ion cells are arranged in modules and wherein the modules respectively be attached to a module housing before the module housings are housed in an outer housing, which is used interchangeably in the motor vehicle, and in a damage caused by the force on the outer housing and on one or more module housing the current-conducting connection is interrupted due to the force. Furthermore, it can be provided that the current-conducting connection is interrupted in a region between the module housing and the outer housing. It is preferably provided that the current-conducting connection is interrupted in each case in a region within the module housing. In this way, it is ensured that in the event of damage, no current-conducting parts can come into contact, for example, with a housing.

Further advantageous embodiments and developments will become apparent from the following figures. However, the individual features resulting from the respective figures are not limited to the individual embodiments, in particular not to lithium-ion cells and an embodiment as a motor vehicle battery. Rather, these features may be linked to one or more other features of other figures from the above-described general description for more valuable embodiments. Furthermore, the embodiments shown in the figures are to be interpreted as illustrative and not restrictive, as well as the respective features contained therein. Show it:

1 : a hybrid or electric vehicle with a motor vehicle battery arranged thereon in a schematic representation,

2 : a plan view of a motor vehicle battery in a schematic view,

3 a preferred arrangement of lithium-ion cells for heat exchange,

4 : an overview of various damage effects in various motor vehicle batteries,

5 : a proposed motor vehicle battery with outer housing and module housings contained in the outer housing, which can detach from each other upon occurrence of damage,

6 FIG. 2: a plan view of a schematic motor vehicle battery with module housings arranged in an outer housing and cell monitoring shown by way of example, FIG.

7 FIG. 3 is a schematic view of various lithium-ion cells and interposed material, and FIG

8th : Another vehicle with a motor vehicle battery arranged thereon in a schematic representation.

The following embodiments are explained in more detail by way of example with reference to a motor vehicle application in which lithium-ion cells are used. The embodiments are not limited thereto. Rather, one or more features of these embodiments may be linked to other or other applications and / or batteries.

1 shows an exemplary schematic embodiment of a hybrid or electric vehicle 1 , The hybrid or electric vehicle 1 points in an underbody area 2 a motor vehicle battery 3 arranged on. The motor vehicle battery 3 is schematically by single lithium-ion cells 4 shown, each connecting lugs 5 exhibit. The lithium-ion cells 4 For example, they may have a lithium metal as the anode. However, an embodiment is preferred in which the anode has a carbon as the storage medium and the positive electrode has a lithium transition metal oxide. A further embodiment provides that the lithium-ion cells are a lithium polymer cell contain. Such polymer-ion cells are preferably also referred to as "coffee-bag cells" and go, for example, from the above mentioned in the prior art WO 2008/083920 as well as from the documents cited therein in the prior art, to which reference is made in this respect. The lithium-ion cells 4 preferably elevate an elongated extension, such as out 1 resulting, and are therefore preferably prismatic. As well as out 1 emanating, are the lithium-ion cells 4 stacked one above the other, but they only have a certain height. The horizontal arrangement of lithium-ion cells 4 gives a much higher mechanical stability of the respective cells against a vibration load, as they are exemplified by the respective arrows and the Cartesian coordinate system. As indicated schematically, typical vibration loads are highest in a vehicle in the z-axis. A standing arrangement of cells, as indicated by dashed lines, is therefore less favorable compared to the lying here by way of example lying arrangement. Damage to the cells as well as the cell components or the components of the motor vehicle battery 3 are better avoided.

2 shows in an exemplary embodiment, a second motor vehicle battery 6 with an outer housing 7 and several modules 8th from other lithium-ion cells 4 , where the modules 8th each in module housings 9 are arranged. As shown, the module housing 9 be firmly connected with each other. In such a case, the module housings form 9 a single assembled module housing as a second structure 10 the second motor vehicle battery 6 for absorbing forces from the outside on the second motor vehicle battery 6 can act. The second motor vehicle battery 6 in turn, forms with the outer casing 7 a first structure 11 , which is able to absorb and absorb external force effects either through its own deformation or through structural absorption of forces. For this example, the outer housing 7 one or more struts 12 have, as indicated by dashed lines. The struts 12 can be arranged as cross struts as well as longitudinal struts. These may preferably have a certain extent in the interior of the second motor vehicle battery 8th exhibit. However, they can also be used as material reinforcement in a respective wall of the second motor vehicle battery 6 be arranged. Furthermore, it is schematically indicated in the outer housing 7 a central busbar 13 available. To this busbar 13 can the respective lithium-ion cells 4 be connected. This occurs, for example, when installing the module housing 9 in the outer casing 7 , According to the 2 resulting embodiment of the module housing 9 is a nominal break point 14 between the different modules 8th each provided. The nominal break point 14 is indicated schematically as a dotted line. An applied force should be so large that the outer case 7 destroyed and the force directly on the module housing 9 act, this force can cause on the one hand, that the module housing 9 along the predetermined breaking point 14 is separated. By arranging a variety of predetermined breaking points care can be taken that on the one hand absorption of the applied forces occurs, on the other hand, in the respective housing parts of the module housing 9 existing lithium-ion cells 4 continue to be kept leak-proof. At the same time, in such a mechanical breakage, an electrical connection of the motor vehicle battery 3 be interrupted manifold. Thus, according to one embodiment, an electrically conductive current flow 15 , which protrudes from the module housing and the busbar 13 connected, break this. Preferably, a breakage protection 18 in the electrically conductive power supply 15 used. The breakage protection 16 is only indicated schematically, it preferably provides a fracture plane, wherein at a fraction, the respective fracture ends by the leftover material of the fracture protection 16 is shielded. An electrically conductive contact becomes in this way with an outer housing 7 , the power rail 13 or any other electrically conductive object avoided, preferably prevented. According to a development, it is provided that a free space 17 between the lithium-ion cells 4 is filled with a material, which preferably further structural stability for in the module housing 9 arranged lithium-ion cells 4 allows. On the other hand, the material can be shock-absorbing. For example, it may be elastic or elastically plastic as well as plastically deformable, preferably for example in the form of a foam. Another embodiment provides that the material in a free space 17 between the lithium-ion cells 4 is thermally conductive. For example, a thermally conductive material between the lithium-ion cells 4 be arranged as it is from the EP 1 944 824 A2 to which reference is made in full. In this way, a cooling of a module 8th be ensured.

3 shows a particularly advantageous arrangement of a first lithium-ion cell 18 to an adjacent lithium ion cell. The first and the second lithium-ion cell 18 . 19 each have a negative pole 20 and a positive pole 21 on. Dashed lines indicate three different areas in each cell 18 . 19 schematically indicating a different temperature distribution over the respective first and second lithium-ion cell 18 . 19 play. The uneven Heat distribution increases when stacked in the same direction of the cells on top of each other. In particular, in the field of contacting the electrical poles creates a high heat development, which increases accordingly in the same direction stacking. This requires a high requirement for a cooling management for such a constructed cell stack. Favor is therefore an opposing arrangement of the first and second lithium-ion cells 18 . 19 , so that a homogenization of the heat distribution takes place. In this way, the electrical contacts negative pole and positive pole 20 . 21 twisted to each other. However, a heat homogenization can also take place in that a not completely opposite arrangement but at least twisted arrangement is present to each other. An improved heat exchange between the two cells 18 . 19 is achieved by placing a heat conductive material. In this case, it can be provided, for example, that a targeted thermal bridge is achieved by special design of the material arranged between the cells. A thermally balanced cell stack is preferably the basic component of a module, wherein preferably only thermally compensating cell packs are arranged in a module.

4 shows in a schematic overview an effect of internal sources of error, for example due to external forces or leaking cells, overheating or the like. The damage event is shown as a jagged event. While on the left side is shown on top of each other, how such a case of damage affects in a conventional motor vehicle battery and finally detected by a local event all cells of the motor vehicle battery, especially in heat damage occurring, a local damage event in the on the right side of the 4 superimposed motor vehicle batteries this remain limited to a single module. If there is a damage event there, the other modules are not affected. Rather, the separation of the individual modules with each other leads to the possibility of further use of the motor vehicle battery.

5 shows in a schematically exemplary embodiment, a plurality of detached module housings 29 , individually in the outer housing 7 were arranged. If, for example, an accident has occurred, the individual module housings can 29 be separated from each other. One embodiment provides that the module housing 29 already exist as a single case and secured together. If, for example, it is determined via a crash sensor that there is damage to the vehicle which is also relevant for the battery, the module housing can be automatically disconnected 29 as shown. For example, this can also take place in that in such a case, the outer housing 7 one or more module housing releases. Does it come to a structural damage of the outer housing 7 this may also result in a release of one or more module housings 29 to lead. The module housing 29 themselves may also be able to absorb energy without damaging the shell of the module housing 29 comes. According to one embodiment is provided in this as well as in the other embodiments described that the outer housing 7 as well as the module housing 29 are closed, preferably closed fluid-tight. According to a further embodiment it can be provided that the module housing 29 closed, the outer casing 7 However, at least partially permeable to air, for example by construction in the form of a lattice structure. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the module housing 29 have formed a single housing before an accident, but have separated due to the forces acting on predetermined breaking points. Preferably, the predetermined breaking points are designed or the individual housing of the module housing 29 in that each of the resulting modules has a total voltage of less than 60 volts. For example, assuming that a single lithium-ion cell applies a maximum voltage of 4.2 volts, a total of 14 cells may be provided in each individual module.

6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a third motor vehicle battery 30 , This is also constructed in the form of a self-secured battery modular design, in the self-contained module housing 31 are provided. By dividing the lithium-ion cells 4 In such self-secured cell modules, on the one hand, the number of damaged cells in case of an error and thus also the amount of potentially released energy can be limited. On the other hand, defective cell modules can be easily exchanged so that the entire battery does not have to be replaced. The protection of the cells against external influences is also improved by the modularization. From 8th Outstanding third motor vehicle battery 30 schematically indicates an integrated cell monitoring 32 on. The integrated cell monitoring 32 may be provided with cell voltage monitoring, cell balancing and safety shutdown. For example, cell monitoring 32 with a communication network 33 be connected. For example, cell monitoring can be done with a bonding board 34 In particular, this may also be related to cell monitoring 32 integrated present. The contacting board 34 For example, may have connected the terminal lugs, wherein on the contacting board for example, cell balancing electronics 35 , a diagnostic electronics 38 and one or more plugs 37 can be arranged. In one or more building blocks, on the contacting board 34 For example, the corresponding various functions such as cell monitoring, voltage or current balancing, temperature monitoring and others can be accommodated. The contacting board is preferred 34 also via the communication network 33 for example, with a higher-level control device 38 connected. The control device is preferred 38 a motor vehicle battery control unit. This can be via one or more additional lines 39 communicate with other controllers. The control unit 38 For example, it can serve as a master while cell monitoring 32 builds as a slave module and the communication network 33 connected to this master. On the contacting board 34 For example, further may be an information store 40 be arranged. The information store 40 However, it can also be arranged on the outer housing or each individual module housing can have such an information memory. In addition, dashed lines indicate that the respective module housings are held in place by slots in the outer housing. These inserts are indicated by dashed lines. For example, the modules can be used against attacks 41 be inserted in order to specify the respective position of each module housing. A mechanical fuse can be done, for example, in addition via a lid on the outer housing 7 is put on. The module housing can each have a lid 42 by, preferably by the terminal lugs 5 pass through. A module housing may further include a partition in a first and a second space. This is indicated by dashed lines for the module, which schematically shows the cell monitoring 32 having. This may be a fixed wall through which, for example, the terminal lugs 5 reach through. In this way, the cell monitoring can be secured against damage in case of damage of the lithium-ion cell in the module housing. The third motor vehicle battery 30 can also have a safety shutdown 43 feature. The safety shutdown is, for example, an electronic module, which is preferably assigned to each individual module. Additionally or alternatively, the safety shutdown of the entire motor vehicle battery 30 be assigned. In this case, the safety shutdown sits 43 preferably near a pole 44 the third motor vehicle battery 30 , At the in 6 System shown thus has the possibility of storing a cell load on the respective information store 40 Over time to be able to ensure that at any time the aging state of one of his modules or cells can be queried. Through the safety shutdown 43 In turn, it can be ensured that at a cell load exceeding a limit value or in the event of damage to a cell, the affected module is switched off or, for example, the entire motor vehicle battery can be switched off in the event of damage to the vehicle.

7 shows a schematic view of a module which is unfolded. As indicated, various lithium-ion cells are 4 with their respective electrical poles arranged in opposite directions alternately. Between the respective lithium-ion cells 4 For example, a cooling device or a heat-conducting material for heat balance between the cells is arranged, so that either a heat can be dissipated or distributed between the cells. For example, if a heat dissipation between the cells desired, this can be done with a device, as they are already mentioned above EP 1 994 824 A2 evident. If a heat distribution is desired, for example, a heat conductive, pourable plastic can be used for this purpose. Thermally conductive materials that groove plastics, for example, go from the WO 2001/096458 or even from the WO 2008/068274 to which reference is made in this regard in its entirety in the context of the disclosure.

In the 8th is a vehicle, preferably a hybrid or electric vehicle 45 shown in a schematic side view. A battery 46 is exemplary in an underbody area 47 and below the passenger compartment 48 in the vehicle 45 built-in. In one embodiment, the vehicle may 45 a self-supporting body 49 have, wherein the battery 46 for example by means of a holder 50 at the body 49 is attached. This offers the advantage of easy installation of the battery 46 and a replaceability in case of damage. In another Ausführungsfom forms the battery 46 a part of the self-supporting body 49 , where the battery serves to maintain the stability of the body 49 to stiffen. This can be the battery 46 also with the body 49 by means of holders 50 be connected. In a further embodiment, the outer housing forms 51 a part of the self-supporting body 49 , where the modules 52 in the outer casing 51 or the body 49 be used.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2008/083920 [0002, 0055]
• EP 1944824 A2 [0056]
• EP 1994824 A2 [0061]
• WO 2001/096458 [0061]
• WO 2008/068274 [0061]

Claims (34)

Battery ( 3 . 46 ), which has several cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ), preferably lithium-ion cells, and an outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ), wherein several cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) summarized modules ( 8th . 52 ) and the modules ( 8th . 52 ) are arranged side by side, with module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) of the modules ( 8th . 52 ) the cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) in the event of damage separably connected in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ), wherein in each case a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) of a module ( 8th ) a first structure ( 10 ), which acts shock-absorbing in the event of damage and multiple module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) are fixed. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) a second structure ( 11 ), which acts shock absorbing in case of damage. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one, from a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) leading out, electrically conductive power supply ( 15 ) with a breakage protection ( 16 ), which in a displacement of the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) relative to the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) and the power supply ( 15 ) interrupts. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one in a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) arranged first cell ( 18 ) heat balance to a second, adjacent cell ( 19 ), in each case along the extent of the first and the second cell ( 18 . 19 ) different heat developments are at least equalized. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ), opposing cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) are each arranged rotated relative to each other. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) arranged cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) are offset from one another. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the 9 . 29 . 31 ) arranged cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ), in particular coffee-bag cells, with respect to the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) are aligned vertically and side by side. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a free space ( 17 ) between two cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) is filled with a preferably thermally conductive and / or shock absorbing material. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a 9 . 29 . 31 ) arranged cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) on the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) arranged cell monitoring ( 32 ) exhibit. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the cell monitoring ( 32 ) at least one cell voltage monitoring and a safety shutdown ( 43 ). Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inside the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) arranged modules ( 8th . 52 ) with cells contained therein ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) as slave modules in a communication network ( 33 ) are switched. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) at least one readable information store ( 40 ) assigned. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) several information stores ( 40 ) are arranged, each different, in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) arranged modules ( 8th ) assigned. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that at least in a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) an information store ( 40 ) is arranged from outside the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) is readable. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of housing modules ( 9 ; 29 ), each containing cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) exchangeable in outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) are arranged. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) has a plurality of defined slots, in the housing modules adapted thereto ( 9 ; 29 ) can be used, secured and electrically connected. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery ( 3 ) has a bursting protection. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) with a frame attached lid ( 42 ), wherein the lid ( 42 ) is used as rupture protection. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) a lid ( 42 ) provided with a frame of the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) is non-destructively and repeatably detachable and reconnectable and the battery ( 3 . 46 ) in a vehicle ( 1 ) is installed, the lid ( 42 ) with built-in battery ( 3 . 46 ) preferably to a floor ( 2 ) below the vehicle ( 1 ). Battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the modules ( 8th . 52 ), preferably each module has its own rupture protection. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inside the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) several module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) for cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) are arranged, each having a frame and fixedly connected to the frame cover ( 42 ), the lids ( 42 ) are each designed as rupture protection, wherein it is provided upon activation of the rupture protection that an electrically conductive connection of the cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) in the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) is interrupted to the outside. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) a contacting board ( 34 ) is arranged, with which in the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) arranged cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) are electrically connected to the power transmission and the contacting board ( 34 ) so detachable with the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) is connected, that in case of damage, the contacting board ( 34 ) at least partially peels off and thereby a current-carrying electrical connection is interrupted. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) on each module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) containing a number of cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) a contacting board ( 34 ), the contacts for one or more terminal lugs ( 5 ) of the cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ), a cell compensation electronics ( 35 ), diagnostic electronics ( 36 ) preferably in the form of a slave module for a central battery control unit ( 38 ) and one or more plugs ( 37 ) for an electrical connection of the cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) to a higher-level power line and for a communication line. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) several module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) are arranged, which have a subdivision, wherein in each case in a first space one or more cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) are arranged and in a, separated from the first space second space a contacting board ( 34 ) and / or an information store ( 40 ) are arranged. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to claim 24, characterized in that the first or the second space as a boundary wall an attached cover ( 42 ) exhibit. Battery ( 3 . 46 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) several module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) are arranged, each having a lid ( 42 ) having at least one passage through which one or more terminal lugs ( 5 ) of one or more cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) protrude. Arrangement of a battery ( 3 . 46 ) in a motor vehicle having a plurality of cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) in a lower area ( 2 ) of a motor vehicle ( 1 ) as an underbody installation, wherein the cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) substantially in the horizontal extent in the underbody area ( 2 . 47 ) or at several positions in the motor vehicle, wherein the cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) in different module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) are arranged in an outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) of the motor vehicle battery ( 3 . 46 ) and are electrically connected together separable, and the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) has a longitudinal extent, which extends in the installed state substantially horizontally. Arrangement according to claim 27, characterized in that the motor vehicle is an electric or hybrid vehicle ( 1 ) and one, especially in its underbody area ( 2 . 47 ), to the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) matching bracket ( 50 ) having. Arrangement according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) Is part of a self-supporting structure of the motor vehicle. Arrangement according to one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that a holder ( 50 ) or a self-supporting structure is formed such that the outer housing ( 7 . 11 . 51 ) in the case of a pulse-like load from the holder ( 50 ) or the self-supporting, structure is movable out, with a movement in a free space of the motor vehicle into or away from the vehicle. Use of coffee bag cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) for producing a battery, preferably for use in a hybrid or motor vehicle Electric vehicle ( 1 ), whereby several coffee bag cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ) summarized a module ( 8th ) and several similar modules ( 8th . 52 ) are housed and connected in a battery housing and between the modules a current-conducting connection under damage-causing force is interruptible, wherein preferably the battery housing in an underbody area ( 2 . 47 ) of a vehicle is arranged. Method for interrupting a current-conducting connection of a battery ( 3 . 46 ) having a plurality of cells ( 4 . 18 . 19 ), which are available in modules ( 8th ), the modules ( 8th . 52 ) in each case in a module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) before the module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) in an outer housing ( 7 . 11 ), which is used interchangeably in a device, preferably a motor vehicle, and in the case of a damage-induced force acting on the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) and one or more module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) the current-conducting connection is interrupted due to the action of force. A method according to claim 32, characterized in that the current-conducting connection in a region between the module housings ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) and the outer housing ( 7 . 11 ) is interrupted. A method according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the current-conducting connection in each case in an area within the module housing ( 9 . 29 . 31 ) is interrupted.

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