DE112008001530T5 - Contactless multispectral biometric acquisition - Google Patents

Abstract

Biometric system comprising:
One or more illumination sources configured to illuminate at least a portion of a target area;
A first imager configured to receive light from at least a portion of the target space under a first optical condition;
A second imager configured to receive light from at least a portion of the target space under a second optical condition, wherein the first optical condition is different from the second optical condition; and
an analyzer communicatively coupled to the one or more illumination sources and the plurality of imagers, the analyzer configured to control operation of the one or more illumination sources, the first imager, and the second imager to form a multi-spectral image from an object placed within the target space, to generate from the light received at the first imager and at the second imager.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATE REGISTRATIONS

These Registration is a non-provisional application and claimed the benefit of the commonly assigned US Provisional Application No. 60 / 943,207, filed June 11, 2007, entitled "Contactless Multispectral Biometric Capture, "the entirety of which is herein is incorporated by reference for all purposes.

These Application is a continuation-in-part of US patent application no. No. 12 / 100,597, filed on April 10, 2008, entitled "Biometric Detection Using Spatial, Temporal, And / Or Spectral Techniques ", which is not a provisional application and has the advantage of US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 911,007 claims on April 10, 2007, entitled "Spatial And Temporal Biometric Detection ", their entire revelations incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

These Registration is a continuation-in-part of US Patent Application No. 11 / 779,997, filed Jul. 19, 2007, entitled "Multibiometric Multispectral Imager ", which is not a preliminary Registration is and the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 832,233, filed on July 19, 2006, with the Title "Whole-Hand Multispectral Imager", whose Disclosure is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

GOVERNMENT RIGHTS

These Invention was supported by the United States Government States under the contract W911NF-07-C-0111, by the Army of the United States. The Government of the United States holds certain rights to this invention.

BACKGROUND

These The invention relates to the field of biometry. More specific This invention relates to methods and systems for using a sensor for different biometrics.

"Biometrics" refers generally based on the statistical analysis of properties of living Body. One category of biometrics includes "biometric Detection ", which is commonly operated as one of two modes will: Provide automatic identification of people or verifying alleged identities of people. Biometric detection technologies measure the physical Characteristics or behavioral characteristics of a person and compare these characteristics with similar pre-recorded measurements, to determine if there is a match. physical Properties commonly used for biometric identification include faces, irises, hand geometry, vein structure and fingerprint patterns, which are the most common of all biometric identifiers. current Methods for analyzing collected fingerprints include optical, capacitive, high frequency, thermal, ultrasonic and other, less familiar, techniques.

The Most existing fingerprint sensors are based on a relatively high quality contact between the finger and the sensor, to get pictures. Getting a suitable contact is both sensitive and time consuming, due to factors that related to individual characteristics of sensors users, the quality of the skin and environmental change. For some individuals and under certain circumstances that is Reaching a suitable contact impossible. The convenience limited by even fingerprint detection the effectiveness and range of applications, the fingerprint biometrics to use for identification management. There is also one negative view of contact-based fingerprint capture in some cultures and during specific public Health events. This was for example during the SARS outbreak in 2003 the case.

The Contact measurement is a basic requirement for many forms of fingerprint capture, such as total optical internal Reflection, RF, capacitance, thermal and ultrasonic techniques. There are a small number of fingerprint sensors known as "non-contact" fingerprint sensors developed and marketed. Use in many cases these sensors a stand or other device, to locate and stabilize the finger. These are other parts of the finger in contact with the sensor, although the fingerprint region not in contact with the sensor, which affects the benefits, which would include a true non-contact fingerprint sensor.

The Most existing fingerprint sensors are also at risk through the use of artificial or altered Fingerprint pattern to be misled. Although every fingerprint technology by only certain types of artificial (or "dizziness") Pattern can be endangered, is the wall that needs will be relatively moderate as soon as possible to deceive most systems the "trick" to do this is known.

SHORT SUMMARY

One biometric system will be in accordance with some Embodiments disclosed. The biometric system includes one or more illumination sources, a first imager, a second imager and an analyzer. The one or more Lighting sources may be configured, at least to illuminate part of a target area. The target space can be in some embodiments positioned within the free space be and / or partially by a plate or other mechanical Device defined in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the target space is configured to receive a human hand. The first imager can be configured to receive light from at least part of the target space to receive under a first optical condition. The second Imager may be configured to receive light from at least one Receive part of the target space under a second optical condition. The first optical condition is different from the second optical condition. The analyzer can communicate with the one or the plurality of illumination sources and the plurality of imagers be coupled. The analyzer may also be configured to the operation of the one or more illumination sources, the first imager and the second imager to control multispectral image of an object that is within the target space is arranged, from the light, at the first imager and the second imager is received. The first imager and the second imager can be read by the analyzer in an embodiment are controlled to the target space essentially simultaneously.

In various embodiments is the first imager configured to receive light from a first subspace of the target space to receive, and the second imager is configured to light off to receive a second subspace of the destination space. In other Embodiments is the first imager to a first Focus plane focused and the second imager is on a second Focused focal plane, wherein the first focal plane and the second Focus plane differ. In other embodiments the biometric system may include a first processor, coupled to the first imager and a second processor, which is coupled to the second imager. In other embodiments The biometric system includes a user interface to it is configured, at least a portion of the target space a user essentially display. In other embodiments The biometric system includes a presence detector and / or Proximity detector configured to detect the presence an object within the target area and / or the proximity of an object relative to the target area.

One Method for collecting a multispectral biometric image will be in accordance with various embodiments disclosed. At least part of a target area is illuminated. The Lighting can be different lighting techniques, lighting conditions and / or Include lighting sources. Light is from at least a first Receive part of the target space under a first optical condition. light is also at least part of the target area under a second optical condition received, essentially at the same time Receive light from the target space under the first optical condition becomes. The first optical condition and the second optical condition differ in some embodiments. A multispectral Image of an object within the target space may be from the light derived from one or both of the first optical Condition and the second optical condition is received.

In In some embodiments, an indication of at least provided a section of the target area. In other embodiments the presence of an object within the target area is detected. In other embodiments, the first optical condition becomes and the second optical condition selected from the group, polarized light, totally internal reflected light, Light with a specific wavelength, light within one specific wavelength band, light from a subspace within the target space and / or light from a focal plane within of the target area. In other embodiments, a first imager a first image of at least a portion of the Target space under a first optical condition ready and a second imager provides a second image of at least a portion of the Target space under a second optical condition ready. In other Embodiments, the first imager has a resolution, which is greater than the resolution of the second picture.

Another biometric system is disclosed in accordance with various embodiments. An illumination means for illuminating a target space is included. A first imaging means for imaging at least a portion of the target space under a first optical condition and for providing a first image may also be included. A second imaging means for imaging at least a portion of the target space under a second optical condition different from the first optical condition and for providing a second image may also be provided. A processing means for controlling the lighting processing, the first imaging agent and the second imaging agent are also provided. The processing means may be configured to derive a multispectral image from the first image and the second image.

Presence detection means may also include in some embodiments be to the presence of an object within at least one From section of the target area to capture. In another embodiment can be the first optical condition and the second optical Condition can be selected from a group consisting of polarized Light consists of total internal light, reflect light with one certain wavelength, light within a given Wavelength band, light from a subspace inside of the target space and / or light from a focal plane within the target space. In other other embodiments, a hinting means for displaying at least a portion of the target space to one User includes.

One biometric sensor for whole hands will too in accordance with various embodiments provided. The biometric sensor for whole hands includes a plate, one or more sources of illumination, one first imager, a second imager and an analyzer. The plate may be configured to receive a human hand and / or to include a surface that is a target surface Are defined. The one or more sources of illumination may be configured to at least part of the target surface to illuminate. The first imager can be configured to Light from at least a portion of the target surface to receive under a first optical condition. The second Imager may be configured to receive light from at least one Section of the target surface under a second optical Condition to receive. The first optical condition may differ from distinguish the second optical condition. The analyzer can communicatively with the one or more sources of illumination and the plurality of imagers. The analyzer can also be configured to operate one or more Illumination sources, the first imager and the second imager to control a multispectral image of an object that is on the Target surface is placed, by the light that is at the first imager and the second imager is received.

In various other embodiments, the analyzer be configured to the first imager and the second imager to provide images substantially simultaneously. In other embodiments, the first imager may be be configured to a first spatial location on the Can map target surface, and the second imager can be configured to have a different second spatial Map location on the target surface. One of both or both of the first imager and the second imager include one or more optical elements that are from the list be selected, which contains a color filter, a color filter field, a linear polarizer, a circular one Polarizer, a diffuser, a collimator, a grid and a Lens. The first imager can be focused on a first focal plane and the second imager may be at a second different focal plane be focused. Other embodiments include a first processor coupled to the first imager and one second processor coupled to the second imager. A user interface configured to, at a minimum Essentially, to display a portion of the target space to a user can also be included in accordance with different other embodiments. A presence and / or proximity detector may be configured for presence and / or proximity an object within and / or with respect to the destination space to capture.

One Method for collecting a multispectral biometric image a human hand is also in accordance with various embodiments disclosed. At least one The section of a target surface of a disk is marked with an or multiple light sources of various types and / or configurations illuminated. Light can come from at least part of the target surface received under a first optical condition. Light can separate from at least a portion of the target surface essentially received under a second optical condition at the same time as receiving the light of the target surface under a first optical condition. The first optical condition and the second optical condition may be different be. A multispectral image of an object within the target surface can be derived from the light that is under either or both both the first optical condition and the second optical Condition is received.

In various embodiments, the first optical condition and the second optical condition may be selected from the group consisting of polarized light, totally internally reflected light, light of a specific wavelength, light within a certain wavelength band, light from a first subspace within the target space, and / or light from a first focal plane within the target space. In some embodiments, the first imager provides a first image of at least a portion of the target space under the first optical condition and / or the first imager second imager provides a second image of at least a portion of the target space under a second optical condition. In other embodiments, the first imager has a resolution that is greater than the resolution of the second imager.

One another biometric system will be in accordance with various embodiments discloses the lighting means for illuminating a target space, a first imaging Means, a second imaging agent and processing means. The first imaging agent is adapted to at least one Section of the target space under a first optical condition depict and provide a first image. The second imaging Means are adapted to at least part of the target area under a second optical condition, different from the first optical condition distinguishes, depict and take a second picture provide. A processing means is adapted to Lighting means, the first imaging means and the second control imaging. The processing means can be configured to have its multispectral image from the first one Image and the second image. Presence detection means for detecting the presence of an object within at least A section of the target area can also be in different Embodiments include. In other embodiments may be the first optical condition and the second optical condition to be chosen by the group, made of polarized light consists of totally internally reflected light, light with a specific Wavelength, light within a certain band of wavelengths, Light from a first subspace within the target space and / or light from a first focal plane within the target space.

One biometric system is in accordance with a Embodiment discloses the one or more sources of illumination includes a plurality of imagers and an analyzer. The one or more illumination sources are configured to to illuminate a target area, with the target space in the open Room or in relation to a plate is located. The majority of imagers is configured to receive light from the target space under multispectral To receive conditions. Each imager is configured to Light from the target space under different multispectral conditions to recieve. The different multispectral conditions can Differences in illumination wavelength or wavelengths include differences in mapping the wavelength or Wavelengths, differences in illumination angle, differences at the imaging angle, differences in image resolution, Differences in spatial coverage and / or differences in the focal plane. The analyzer can communicate with one or more coupled to a plurality of illumination sources and the plurality of imagers be. The analyzer may also be configured to control the operation of the one or more illumination sources and / or the plurality of Controlling imagers to one or more multispectral images of an object located within the target space of to produce light from any or all of the imagers Will be received. The system can also have a plurality of processors containing each imager coupled to a processor.

One biometric system is in accordance with a Embodiment disclosing one or more sources of illumination, a first and a second imager and an analyzer. The one or more sources of illumination may do so configured to illuminate a destination space. The first imager receives light from a first subspace of the target space under a multispectral condition. The second imager is receiving Light from a second subspace of the target space under another multispectral condition. The first imager and the second imager receive light essentially simultaneously. The analyzer can communicatively with the one or more sources of illumination, the coupled to the first imager and the second imager. The analyzer may be configured to operate one or more Illumination sources, the first imager and the second imager to control a multispectral image of an object that is within of the target space is arranged to derive light which is at the first Imager and / or the second imager is received.

One Method for collecting a biometric image is in accordance provided with another embodiment. A target area becomes illuminated with one or more sources of illumination. The Light is transmitted from a first subspace of the target space to a first subspace Receive imager. Light is from a second subspace of the Receive target area with a second imager. A multispectral Picture is taken from at least part of an object within the Target space derived, and that of the light, which at the first Imager and / or the second imager is received.

A biometric system is disclosed in accordance with one embodiment. The biometric system includes a disc, one or more illumination sources, a first imager, a second imager, and an analyzer. The plate may be adapted to support an alleged skin site by an individual. The one or the plurality of illumination sources may be configured to illuminate the skin site. The first imager may be configured to receive light from a first zone of the skin site under a multispectral condition. The second imager may be configured to receive light from a second zone of the skin site under a different multispectral condition. The analyzer may be communicatively coupled to the one or more illumination sources, the first imager, and the second imager. The analyzer may be configured to control the operation of the one or more illumination sources, the first imager, and the second imager to derive a multispectral image of the skin location of light received at the first imager and / or the second imager.

One biometric system is in accordance with a Another embodiment discloses one or more Lighting sources includes, a plurality of imagers and an analyzer. The one or more sources of illumination may be configured to illuminate a destination space. The plurality of imagers may be configured to receive light from receive the target space under multispectral conditions. At least an imager receives light with a multispectral Condition that differs from the multispectral condition with which at least one other imager receives. The analyzer can communicatively with the one or more sources of illumination and be coupled to the plurality of imagers. The analyzer can be configured to control the operation of the one or more sources of illumination and the majority of imagers to control a multispectral Image of an object located within the target space of to produce light in any or all of the imagers Will be received. A biometric system will be in accordance disclosed with an embodiment having one or more Lighting sources includes, a first imager, a second th Imager and an analyzer. The one or more sources of illumination may configured to illuminate a destination space. The first Imager can be configured to emit light from the target space to receive a first optical condition. The second imager may be configured to receive light from the target space under one receive second optical condition. The analyzer can be communicative with the one or more sources of illumination, the first one Imager coupled to the second imager. The analyzer may be configured to operate one or more Illumination sources, the first imager and the second imager to control a multispectral image of an object that is within of the target space is arranged to derive light which is at the first imager and / or the second imager is received.

One Method for collecting a biometric image is in accordance disclosed with another embodiment. A target room is lit up. Light is coming from a target space below a first one optical condition received. Light is coming from a target room receive a second optical condition. A multispectral Image of an object within the target space is from the light derived under the first optical condition and / or the second optical condition is received. The first and / or the second optical condition may be illumination wavelength or wavelengths, imaging wavelength or Wavelengths, illumination angles, imaging angles, imaging resolution, spatial coverage and / or focal plane.

One contactless biometric system is in accordance provided with an embodiment. The contactless Biometric system may include one or more sources of illumination, one or more imagers and an analyzer. The one or the multiple sources of illumination may be configured to to illuminate a target area that is within free space located. The one or more imagers can do this be configured to light from at least a portion of the target area to collect under different multispectral conditions. Of the Analyzer can be configured to communicate with one or the plurality of illumination sources and the one or more Be coupled to imagers. The analyzer may be configured to the operation of the one or more sources of illumination and of the one or more imagers to control a multispectral Image of an object located within the target space and is represented by the one or more imagers, derive.

One Method for collecting a biometric image is according to a another embodiment. The presence an object is detected within a target space that is itself located in free space. The object is within the target area illuminated with one or more sources of illumination. Becomes light from the target space in one or more imagers with different ones received optical conditions. A multispectral image of the object within the target space is derived from the light that is at the one or more imagers is received.

A contactless biometric system is provided in accordance with another embodiment that includes an illumination subsystem includes an imaging subsystem, acquisition means and an analyzer. The lighting subsystem may be able to illuminate a predetermined spatial location in free space. The imaging subsystem may be able to collect light of origin from the predetermined spatial location. The detection means may be configured to detect when an alleged skin site is located substantially within the predetermined spatial location. The analyzer may be in communication with the illumination subsystem, the imaging subsystem, and the sensing subsystem. The analyzer may include instructions to operate the illumination subsystem, the imaging subsystem, and the sensing subsystem to derive a multispectral image of an object located within the target space and imaged by the one or more imagers.

One Method for collecting a biometric image is in accordance provided with an embodiment. A hint of approximate location of a target space in free space is provided. An object within the target area is illuminated with a or several sources of illumination. Light from the target area becomes at or multiple imagers under multispectral conditions and / or different received optical conditions. A multispectral image of the object within the target space can be derived from the light that in which one or more imagers are received.

One biometric system is in accordance with a another embodiment, the notification means, Lighting means, imaging means and logic means. The Message means to notify a reference of the approximate Place of a destination space in free space. The lighting means for Illuminate at least a portion of the target area. The imaging agents for Receiving light from the target space under multispectral conditions. The logic means for deriving a multispectral image from a Object within the target area of the light emitted by the imaging means Will be received.

One Imaging system is in accordance with an embodiment discloses a plate comprising one or more sources of illumination, a first imager, a second imager and an analyzer. The plate may be configured to hold a human hand receive. The one or more sources of illumination may configured to hold a hand that is placed on the plate to illuminate. The first imager can be configured to Light from a first section of the hand under multispectral To receive conditions. The second imager can be configured to do this be light from a second section of the hand under multispectral To receive conditions, the analyzer can be communicative with the one or more illumination sources, the first imager and the second imager. The analyzer can do this be configured to control the operation of the one or more sources of illumination, of the first imager and the second imager derive a multispectral image of the first section of the hand from light, which is received at the first imager, and a multispectral one Image of the second section of the hand deriving from light that at the second imager is received. In another embodiment can produce a single multispectral image from the analyzer of derived from the light that is present at both the first and the second the second imager is received.

One biometric system is in accordance with a Embodiment disclosing one or more sources of illumination, includes a plurality of imagers and an analyzer. The one or more sources of illumination may do so be configured to light a hand, in essence is placed within a target space in free space. The majority Imagers can be configured to light up sections a hand that is essentially placed within the target area is to receive under multispectral conditions. The analyzer can communicate with one or more lighting sources and the Be coupled to a plurality of imagers. The analyzer can do this be configured, the operation of the one or more sources of illumination and the majority of imagers to control a multispectral Picture of the sections of the hand of light infer from the majority of the imagers is received.

One Method of collecting a biometric image of a hand also provided according to one embodiment. A target space that is in free space becomes placement a human hand provided by an individual. A Hand within the finish area can be with the help of one or more Lighting sources are illuminated. Light from the hand can under multispectral conditions using one or more imagers be received. At least a multispectral image of at least a portion of the hand within the target space is received from the Derived light.

Embodiments provide a non-contact biometric system. The system includes a lighting subsystem, an imaging subsystem, a three-dimensional sensing subsystem, and an analyzer. The lighting sub System is able to illuminate a predetermined spatial location in free space. The imaging subsystem is capable of collecting light emanating from the predetermined spatial location. The three-dimensional detection subsystem is configured to detect when an object is substantially in the predetermined spatial location. The analyzer is provided in communication with the illumination subsystem, the imaging subsystem, and the three-dimensional subsystem. The analyzer includes instructions for operating the subsystem to collect substantially simultaneously a plurality of images of the object located at the predetermined spatial location under multispectral conditions.

In In some embodiments, the lighting subsystem includes a light emitting diode. In some cases, the Light emitting diode a white light emitting diode include. In some embodiments, the lighting subsystem includes several light-emitting diodes. In some cases a plurality of light-emitting diodes emit light, the is essentially monochromatic. Such a plurality of light emitting Dio can light emitting diodes with substantially different Wavelength characteristics include. A polarizer can also be provided to polarize light from emits the light emitting diode.

The Imaging subsystem can include a variety of imagers, which are oriented to the predetermined spatial location and are focused. Optical filters can be provided be used to filter the wavelengths of light, the collected from at least one of the plurality of imagers. At least one of the plurality of imagers may be a color filter array include. A polarizer can be provided for light to polarize that of at least one of the plurality of imagers is collected. The three-dimensional acquisition subsystem can comprise a plurality of coherent illuminators, the like are oriented so that they overlap at predetermined spatial locations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

One further understanding of nature and benefits can be realized be by reference to the remaining sections of the description and the drawings, in which like reference numerals the different drawings used to be similar To designate components.

1 FIG. 12 illustrates a structure that may be used for a non-contact biometric sensor in one embodiment.

2 illustrates a modular biometric sensor in accordance with one embodiment.

3A . 3B . 3C and 3D illustrate various views of a modular biometric sensor device in accordance with one embodiment.

4A . 4B . 4C and 4D illustrate various views of a spatially modular biometric sensor device, in accordance with an embodiment.

5 FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a biometric sensor system in accordance with one embodiment. FIG.

6A . 6B . 6C and 6D FIG. 4 illustrates various views of a multispectral modular biometric sensor device in accordance with one embodiment. FIG.

7A . 7B . 7C and 7D illustrate various views of a contactless biometric sensor device, in accordance with one embodiment.

8A . 8B . 8C and 8D illustrate various views of a multispectral modular contactless biometric sensor device with imagers focusing different imaging planes, in accordance with one embodiment.

9A . 9B . 9C and 9D illustrate various views of a spatially modular non-contact biometric sensor device with imagers focusing different imaging planes, in accordance with an embodiment.

10A Figure 4 illustrates a multi-spectral data cube of a finger generated in accordance with various embodiments.

10B Figure 4 illustrates four overlapping images of a finger of four spatially modular imagers, in accordance with an embodiment.

10C separately sets the four overlapping images in 10B represents.

11A . 11B . 11C and 11D FIG. 4 illustrates various views of a spatially modular biometric handheld sensor device, in accordance with one embodiment.

12 shows a block diagram of a biometric hand sensor system in accordance with an embodiment.

13A . 13B . 13C and 13D FIG. 4 illustrates various views of a multispectral and / or spatially modular non-contact biometric sensing device, in accordance with one embodiment.

14A . 14B . 14C and 14D illustrate various views of a spatially and multi-spectrally modular contactless biometric sensor device, in accordance with one embodiment.

15A . 15B . 15C and 15D illustrate various views of a spatial and / or multispectral modular contactless biometric sensor device with imagers focusing different imaging planes, in accordance with one embodiment.

16 shows a contactless biometric system user interface with a holographic image of a hand in accordance with an embodiment.

17 shows a contactless biometric system user interface with a light field in accordance with an embodiment.

18 FIG. 12 shows an image of a five-zone hand imaged with a spatially modular imaging system in accordance with an embodiment. FIG.

19 FIG. 12 illustrates a multi-spectral data cube of a hand generated in accordance with various embodiments. FIG.

20 Figure 6 illustrates six overlapping images of a hand of four spatially modular imagers in accordance with one embodiment.

21 separately sets the six overlapping images in 20 represents.

22 FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of biometric sensing using various embodiments described herein. FIG.

23 FIG. 12 shows an image of a finger having a tatoo-like property in accordance with an embodiment. FIG.

24 Fig. 10 shows an image of a hand having a number of grooves and a notch in accordance with an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A detailed description of examples of multispectral systems is provided below, which are used accordingly in embodiments but such a description is not meant to be limiting, as other techniques in alternative Embodiments can be used.

overview

Here in disclosed embodiments provide methods and systems ready to collect and process biometric measurement enable. These biometric measurements can provide a secure identification of a person's identity as well as the authenticity of the biometric pattern, the was taken. Such embodiments may for example, in a number of different types of devices be introduced, such as mobile phones, personal digital Assistants, laptop computers and other portable electronic devices as well as stand-alone devices for physical or logical access. The common property of the procedures and Systems is the application of several different optical configurations, which are used to collect a plurality of image data, often during a single lighting performance collected the pictures at the same time. In some embodiments become the images of a finger or a hand with or without one Plate collected. In some cases, procedures and systems provided for the collection and processing of data, one sensor with two or more different imagers use. In some examples, the disclosed methods relate and systems data using a single sensor Camera or multiple cameras were collected. Other embodiments of procedures and systems are used for spatial and providing multispectral modular imaging and imaging systems.

The sensors can provide an information-rich dataset that results in increased safety and usability compared to ordinary sensors. The increased security derives from combining information from multiple images representing different optical properties of the material being measured. These properties provide sufficient information to make a distinction between living human skin and various artificial materials and procedures that could be used to bypass the sensor. In addition, the increased safety follows from the aspect that provides a mechanism for measurements provides a wide range of environmental and physiological effects. Robust and reliable scanning means system security standards do not have to be relaxed to compensate for poor image quality.

A improved sensor availability is achieved by reducing the request to the individual regarding an exact contact and / or positioning, as well as the requirement that the skin of the Individual has certain qualities. About that In addition, embodiments are also based on contactless Systems. In addition, the ability to biometric information from below the surface of images to win, which collected under certain optical conditions were a mechanism ready to carry out biometric determinations, even in those cases where the surface properties are missing or damaged. This way are multispectral Measurements made in embodiments are advantageous robust against non-ideal skin qualities, like dryness, excessive moisture, lack of elasticity and / or wear properties, such as they are typically associated with elders, those who do considerable manual labor or those whose skin Exposed to chemicals, such as hairdressers or nurses.

The set of all images collected with a plurality of different optical conditions and / or during a single illumination performance is referred to herein as "multispectral data." The different optical conditions may include differences in polarization conditions, differences in illumination angles, differences in imaging angles, differences in characteristics of a color filter array, differences in resolution, differences in focal planes, differences in spatial coverage, and / or differences in illumination wavelength or wavelengths. Under some optical conditions, the resulting images are significantly affected by the presence and distribution of TIR phenomena at the interface between the pattern and a plate. These pictures are referred to here as "TIR pictures". Under some optical conditions, the resulting images are substantially unaffected by the presence or absence of TIR effects on a disk. These pictures are referred to here as "direct pictures". Some embodiments provide images that do not require a platen, overlay (eg, the platen shown in FIG U.S. Patent No. 6,404,904 described), a contact point, a mechanical positioning device, a mechanical alignment device, a support, etc. are recorded. These images are referred to herein as "non-contact images." Contactless images are generated without physical contact between the skin site and the imaging device, the biometric sensor and / or any accessory thereof.

Skin, where the multispectral measurements described herein are performed can include all surfaces and all the joints of the fingers and thumbs, the fingernails and Nail beds, the palms, the front of one hand or by hands, the back of a hand or of hands, wrists and forearms, face, the eyes, the ears and all other external surfaces of the body. Although the following description sometimes certain reference refers to "fingers" or "hands" when Providing examples of specific embodiments, It should be understood that these embodiments are merely exemplary and that other embodiments Can use skin on other parts of the body.

In In some embodiments, a sensor provides a plurality of discrete wavelengths of light ready on the surface of the skin, and within the skin and / or the underlying tissue be scattered. As used herein, the reference to "discrete Wavelengths "refers to sets of wavelengths or wavelength bands that are considered single Units are treated - for each one Unit becomes information only from the single unit as a whole extracted, and not by individual wavelength subsets the single unit. In some cases you can the individual units be discontinuous, so if one Multiple discrete wavelengths are provided, some Wavelengths between a pair of wavelengths or wavelength bands are not provided but this is not necessary. In some examples are the wavelengths within the ultraviolet - visible - near-infrared Wavelength range.

One Part of the light that is from the skin and / or underlying tissue is scattered, leaves the skin and is used to an image of the structure of the tissue on or below the surface to form the skin.

In In some embodiments, such an image may be a fingerprint and / or hand image, where the term "fingerprint" is broad any reproduction of any dermatoglyphic skin site Properties should relate.

1 shows an example of a contactless modular biometric sensor 100 in accordance with embodiments. The biometric sensor 100 includes a plurality of imagers 130 that is about a single light source 120 and positives onssensoren 108 are arranged. One hand 116 which is placed within a predetermined target space, above the biometric sensor 100 can be imaged using the plurality of imagers 104 , The position of the hand with respect to the biometric sensor 100 can with the help of position sensors 108 be monitored. The position sensors 108 For example, stereoscopic light sources, such as laser LEDs, that illuminate the free space may include the target space above the biometric sensor 100 including. For example, in conjunction with one or more imagers 104 For example, stereoscopic light sources may provide an indication when the hand is within the target area. The target space may include a volume within the free space in which an object is substantially focused by at least one imager when the object is placed therein. Thus, in some embodiments, a target space may depend on the characteristics of the imager (s). In one embodiment, an imager may be positioned to map various spatial areas of the hand. In another embodiment, an imager may be positioned to image the same portion of the hand, but under different multispectral conditions. In another embodiment, an imager may be positioned to image different focal planes. In another embodiment, an imager may map at substantially the same time. The resulting images can be combined using any function to derive a multispectral image.

Spatially modular finger sensor

Various embodiments provide a spatially modular biometric sensing system. As noted above, a multispectral image can be derived from images with different spatial coverage. This means that spatially modular imagers can be used to derive a multispectral image. 2 shows a spatially modular biometric system according to an embodiment. The system includes two imagers 230 , The imagers 230A and 230B can be separated or combined on a single circuit board, for example as connected wafer-level cameras. Each imager can also have different optical elements 235 include. Although three optical elements 235 can be shown, any number, including zero, can be used. At least one source of illumination 220 can be used. In this embodiment, two LEDs 220 used to the finger 205 on the plate 210 to illuminate. The first imager 230A can light from a first section of the finger 205 receive. The second imager 230B can light from a second section of the finger 205 received that on the plate 210 is laid. The first section and the second section may overlap or be completely different.

3A . 3B . 3C and 3D illustrate various views of another modular biometric sensor device in accordance with one embodiment. The modular sensor device includes four imagers 330 , optical elements 335 and four light sources 320 , Although four light sources are shown, any number of light sources may be used. For example, a single white light source can be used. Every imager 330 receives light from four subsections of the target area. These subsections may overlap or be different. As shown, a finger becomes 205 on the target surface 212 a plate 210 placed. Each imager can map four different sections of the finger. The imagers 330 can map each subsection substantially simultaneously.

4A . 4B . 4C and 4D illustrate various views of a spatially modular biometric sensor device, in accordance with another embodiment. Four picture subsections 450 be in 4B . 4C and 4D shown. In this embodiment, some overlap is shown between the subsections. According to another embodiment, subsections can also be used without overlapping. Such a system can produce four images, like any one in 10A . 10B and 10C are shown.

5 shows a block diagram of a biometric sensor system 500 comprising a computing device and accessory devices, in accordance with an embodiment. The figure generally shows how individual system elements can be implemented in a separate or more integrated manner. In addition, the drawing also shows how each of the four imagers 510 a dedicated processor 515 and / or dedicated memory 520 may include. Every dedicated memory 520 may include operating programs, data processing program and / or image processing programs running on the dedicated processors 515 can work. For example, the dedicated memory 520 Programs include the dedicated imager 510 provide control and / or image processing. The computing device 502 is represented as comprising hardware elements electrically over the bus 530 are coupled. The bus 530 may, depending on the configuration, with the one or more LED (s) 505 , a proximity sensor (or occupancy sensor) 512 and four imaging subsystems 504 be coupled, in accordance with various embodiments. In one embodiment, the imager memory 520 from the photographers 515 and / or with the computing device 502 be shared.

In such an embodiment, an imaging subsystem may include an imager 510 , a processor 515 and memory 520 include. In other embodiments, an imaging subsystem 504 also include light sources and / or optical elements. The imaging subsystem 504 can be modular and additional imaging subsystems can be easily added to the system. Thus, the biometric sensor subsystem can have any number of imaging subsystems 504 include. The various imaging subsystems, in one embodiment, may be spatially modular, such that each imaging subsystem is used to map another spatial location. The different imaging subsystems, in another embodiment, may be multi-spectral modular, such that each imaging subsystem is used to map another multispectral condition. Accordingly, in such an embodiment, an imaging subsystem 504 Also include various optical elements, such as color filter fields, color filters, polarizers, etc. and / or the imager 510 may be arranged at different angles with respect to the imaging location. In another embodiment, the various imaging subsystems may provide focus modularity such that each imaging subsystem is used to map another focal point or focal plane.

The hardware elements can be a central processing unit (CPU) 550 include an input / output device (s) 535 , a storage device 555 , a computer readable storage 540 , a network interface card (NIC) 545 a processing acceleration unit 548 such as a DSP or a special-purpose processor, and a memory 560 , The computer-readable memory 540 may include a computer readable storage medium and a computer readable medium reader, the combination representing remote, local, fixed and / or removable storage devices plus storage media for temporarily and / or permanently including computer readable information. The NIC 545 may include a wired, wireless modem and / or other type of interface connection, and allows exchanging data with external devices.

The biometric sensor system 500 can also include software items that are just inside of memory 560 are displayed, including an operating system 565 and other programs and / or code 570 as a program or programs designed to implement methods described herein. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substantial variations may be used in accordance with particular requirements. For example, custom hardware could also be used and / or certain elements could be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software such as applets), or both. Furthermore, a connection with other computing devices such as network input / output devices may be used.

Multispectral modular finger sensor

6A . 6B . 6C and 6D illustrate various views of a multispectral modular biometric sensor device, in accordance with one embodiment. As shown in this embodiment, each of the four imagers forms 630 , in conjunction with the optional optical elements 635 , most, if not all, of the target area 212 from where the finger 205 on the plate 210 is arranged. The imagers 630 can the target area 212 At the same time, we simul- taneously map them. The imagers 630 For example, in this embodiment, images may record images under various multispectral conditions, such as different polarization, different imaging angles, different wavelengths or wavelengths, TIR conditions, different resolution, different focal planes, different spatial coverage, color filter array filtering, etc. For example, a first imager 630A with a linearly polarizing optical element 635A be associated. A second imager 630B can be a high-resolution imager 635B which, for example, images with a resolution greater than 200 dots per inch. A third imager 630C may use a Bayer filter as an optical element 635C be assigned. A fourth imager may be a blue color filter optic element 635D be assigned. Although the imagers 630 and the associated optical elements 635 In the figure, relatively close to each other, relatively coplanar and relatively parallel to the plate, one or more imagers and the associated optical elements may be angled relative to the plate 210 and / or the target area 212 be arranged, in one embodiment. Furthermore, in one other embodiment, one or more imagers may be arranged in a non-coplanar configuration. Furthermore, in another embodiment, one or more imagers may be configured to image light having a total internal reflection at the interface of the finger 205 with the disk target area 212 is exposed. Although four imagers are shown, any number of imagers can be used 630 be added to the system. Different imagers can have different and / or unique images of the target area under different multispectral optical conditions.

The different imagers can have a finger 205 in the target area 212 imaging substantially simultaneously under the same lighting conditions. For example, a white light source or sources of light may illuminate the finger and each imager may take a picture of the finger 205 record under different optical conditions. Simultaneous or substantially simultaneous imaging can produce a consistent set of images of the finger 205 which removes, minimizes, or minimizes the effect of any finger jitter, movement, environmental variations, etc., from the various images. Thus, finger properties can correspond well from image to image. In one embodiment, the integration time overlaps the imagers during which an image is being captured. In another embodiment, the imagers may map at the same time. For example, each frame that is imaged at a first imager can be synchronized with a frame at a second imager. In another embodiment, the imagers record an image within less than a second of each other. In another embodiment, imagers record an image within less than 500 microseconds of each other. In another embodiment, the imagers record an image within less than 100 microseconds of each other.

In In another embodiment, the imagers provide continuous imaging. In some embodiments Each imager is configured to map at a relatively same time. To the For example, the imager can take pictures at a video frame rate of 15, 30, 60 or 75 Hz. The imagers can from a clocked signal from a processor and / or clock be synchronized. When the imagers are properly synchronized with each other A single frame from each imager can be stored in memory saved with the frames from the other imagers is synchronized. For example, the frame may be for storage based on focus, relative location of the skin area, jitter, orientation, Contrast, skin-site movement, lighting, environmental effects, image effects, etc., to be chosen. In another embodiment a set of frames is recorded in the memory. An individual Synchronized frame can be selected by each imager and used to derive a multispectral image.

The embodiments described throughout this disclosure may create a set of images of the finger and / or the hand under various optical conditions and create data from which such a sentence may be created using reconstruction techniques. For illustrative purposes, the following discussion will be made with respect to such a set of multispectral images, although it is not necessary to create these for subsequent biometric processing, in those embodiments that do not directly generate them. In general, the images collected by the apparatus described in this disclosure may differ in polarization conditions, imaging angles and locations, as well as spectral characteristics. Furthermore, in the case of a color imager comprising a color filter array, the color images may be extracted as subfields of the raw pixel values, or may be color interpolated values as known to those skilled in the art. The images from the plurality of imagers may need to be aligned, juxtaposed, scaled down, and / or otherwise processed prior to further processing. An exemplary set of aligned and processed multispectral images is shown in FIG 10A shown, where the sentence a multispectral data cube 1000 Are defined.

One way, the data cube 1000 is to decompose it into images that correspond to each of the multispectral conditions used to model the pattern in the measurement process. In the figure are five individual pictures 1005 . 1010 . 1015 . 1020 and 1025 shown that correspond to five different multispectral conditions. For example, in an embodiment using visible light, the images may correspond to images generated using light at 450 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, and 650 nm. For example, the illumination source includes broadband white light sources and / or each imager can include a color filter. In other embodiments, the images represent polarization conditions, an imaging angle, a resolution, a spatial modularity, a focal plane modularity, and / or TIR conditions. In some embodiments, each image may represent the optical effects of light of a particular wavelength that interacts with the skin. Due to the optical properties of the skin and skin components, which vary according to wavelength, polarization and / or imaging angle, each of the multispectral images becomes 1005 . 1010 . 1015 . 1020 and 1025 generally different from the others.

In some embodiments, each of the multispectral conditions corresponds to a different wavelength or wavelengths of light. Accordingly, the data cube can thus be expressed as R (X _S , Y _S , X _I , Y _I , λ) and describes the amount of diffused reflected light of wavelength λ as seen in each image X _I , Y _I Lighting at a source point X _S , Y _S. different Lighting configurations (flood, line, etc.) can be aggregated by summing the point response over appropriate source point locations. A fingerprint or handprint image F (X _I , Y _I ) can be roughly described as the multispectral data cube for a given wavelength, λ ₀ , and summed over all source positions:

The multiple images collected from a single capture event can thus be post-processed to create a single composite fingerprint image that is completely compatible with conventional collected "standards-based" existing fingerprint databases. In addition, the multispectral images can be used to ensure that the pattern has optical properties that are consistent with a living human finger. The composite image and the liveness test may be from the analyzer 108 be reported.

Contactless finger sensor

One Contactless biometric sensor does not include a plate containing a Target space defined in which sources of illumination and / or imager are focused and / or where a pattern for imaging are placed can. Instead, the imagers and / or illumination sources be focused on a target space that is within free space is defined, without definition, with a plate or any other physical element or device. A user can his hand and / or his (his) fingers within the target area place without touching, contacting and / or touching a plate to reference. In some embodiments, the Biometric system and / or the device include a window between at least some of the optical elements, for example Imagers and / or sources of illumination and the target area. Such a window can be used to design the optical elements for to protect against the elements and to clean the area to keep. Such a window should not be confused with a plate and is not configured to pick up a skin area. Accordingly, a finger within the target space be placed and mapped with one or more imagers become. As through this disclosure, in various embodiments discussed, a contactless biometrics system can use different techniques use to give a user an indication of the place and / or to provide the boundaries of the target area. In other embodiments The imagers can be different or in combination Use techniques to image a finger and / or a hand, depending on the relative location of the finger and / or the Hand with respect to the imager.

7A . 7B . 7C and 7D FIG. 12 illustrates various views of a non-contact biometric sensor device in accordance with one embodiment. FIG. In this embodiment, the non-contact biometric sensor includes four imagers 730 , optional optical elements 735 and four sources of illumination 720 , Any number of imagers and / or sources of illumination may be used. The simplest contactless biometric sensor includes a single source of illumination and a single imager. The four imagers 730 may provide spatial modularity, multispectral modularity, focus modularity, or a combination thereof. For example, any imager 730 depict a different area of the target area. As another example, each imager can map the finger under a variety of multispectral conditions.

8A . 8B . 8C and 8D present different views of a multispectral modular contactless biometric sensor device with multispectral imagers 830 which are focused on different imaging planes, in accordance with an embodiment. Various lighting elements 820 are shown. As shown in the figure, the biometric sensor 16 includes imagers 830 , In this embodiment, four imagers 830A . 830P . 830E . 8300 on the first imaging level 880 focused, another four imagers 830D . 830M . 830F . 830N are on a second imaging plane 881 focused, another four imagers 830H . 830C . 830G . 830i are on a third imaging plane 882 focussed and beyond that another four imagers 830B . 830L . 830K . 830J are on a fourth imaging level 883 focused. For clarity, the focal plane of each imager is shown for some but not all imagers in the figure. Each of the four imagers, focused on the same imaging plane, are configured to provide an image under a different multispectral condition. Thus, the imagers can be configured to provide the same multispectral images of the finger at each imaging plane. Although 16 imagers are shown in the figure, any number of imagers may be used in any combination that are focused on different imaging planes and / or provide different multispectral images.

The 9A . 9B . 9C and 9D illustrate various views of a spatially modular non-contact biometric sensor device with imagers focusing on different imaging planes, in accordance with one embodiment. Various lighting elements 820 are shown. In this embodiment For example, subgroups of four imagers are focused on different imaging planes, as discussed above 8A . 8B . 8C and 8D described. However, in this embodiment, each of the four imagers in each subset is focused on a different spatial portion of the imaging plane, thus providing spatial modularity. As in 9C can be seen, in this embodiment, the imagers 830D and 830P on different sections of the imaging plane 882 focused and the imagers 830H and 830L are on different sections of the imaging plane 883 focused. As in 9D can be seen, in this embodiment, the imager 830D on the imaging plane 882 focused, the imager 830C is at the imaging level 881 focused and the imagers 830A and 830B are on different sections of the imaging plane 881 focused.

In each embodiment, each of the imagers may be a small wafer level camera. In addition, a whole array of imagers may be provided on a single wafer and / or circuit board. For example, such imager OptiML ^TM wafer level camera can be manufactured by Tessera ^® or similar. Various other wafer-level cameras can also be used. In other embodiments, CMOS sensors and / or CCD sensors may be used as imagers.

Various other contactless systems can be used. To the For example, autofocus imagers can be used, light from a finger and / or hand at a varying distance from the imager to fo. In another embodiment An imager can be used that has a large depth of field provides. In another embodiment, an imager be used, which has a large numerical aperture setting having. In a further embodiment can Wavefront Coding Transfer Functions are used.

Spatially modular hand sensor

11A . 11B . 11C and 11D Figures 12-14 illustrate various views of a spatially modular biometric handheld sensor device in accordance with one embodiment. The biometric hand sensor according to this embodiment includes a large disk 1110 with a target surface 1112 to receive a hand 915 , A plurality of light sources 1120 , optional optical elements 1135 and imagers 1130 are also included. Each imager can access a different section of the target surface 1112 be focused. In some embodiments, the portions of the target surface overlap those of the imagers 1130 be imaged and / or cover the entire target surface 1112 as shown in the figures. In other embodiments, the portions of the target surface overlap with the imagers 1130 not be pictured. In another embodiment, the portions cover the target surface 1112 that are imaged by the imagers, not the entire target surface 1112 instead, they cover only certain sections of the target surface. Any number of lighting sources can be used to hold one hand 1115 on the target surface 1112 to illuminate. Depending on the design and / or needs may be more or less imagers 1120 used to target the surface 1112 map. Due to the modularity of the imagers, additional imagers can be added.

A spatially modular biometric sensor can take pictures of sections of the hand 2005 . 2010 . 2015 . 2020 . 2025 . 2030 provide, in accordance with an embodiment as in 21 shown. Each image contains a similarly sized image of a section of a hand. A certain overlap between the pictures can be like in 20 shown take place. In another embodiment, certain locations of one hand are imaged by another imager, as in FIG 18 shown. Three images are generated for each finger. For example, the little finger (the smallest, leftmost finger) will be in the three areas 1825 . 1826 and 1827 imaged corresponding to the section of the finger between the ankles or joints. The other fingers are similarly covered. The thumb will be in two areas 1825 . 1836 pictured between the joints. The body of the hand is depicted in three places, the bale 1830 , the core of the palm 1831 and the ball of the thumb 1832 , Any other combination of images of the hand can be worked out.

As in 19 a multispectral hand sensor, whether contactless or not, can display a data cube 1900 which includes images corresponding to each of the multispectral conditions used to represent the hand in the measurement process. In the figure are five separate pictures 1905 . 1910 . 1915 . 1920 and 1925 shown that correspond to five multispectral conditions. For example, in an embodiment in which visible light is used, the images may correspond to images generated using light at 450 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, and 650 nm. For example, each imager may include a color filter , In other embodiments, the imagers may represent polarization conditions, imaging angles, and / or TIR conditions. In some embodiments, each image may represent the optical effects of light of a particular wavelength that interacts with the skin. On Because of the optical properties of the skin and skin components that vary with wavelength, polarization and / or angle of imaging, generally, any of the multispectral images will become 1905 . 1910 . 1915 . 1920 and 1925 different from the others.

12 FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a biometric hand sensor system including a computing device. FIG 502 like those in 5 is shown, in accordance with an embodiment. In this embodiment, the 16 imagers 510 and processors 515 with the memory 520 with the computing device 502 coupled. In another embodiment, the imager memory 520 together by the editors 515 and / or with the computing device 502 be used.

Contactless hand sensor

13A . 13B . 13C and 13D illustrate various views of a multi-spectral and / or spatially modular non-contact biometric sensor device, in accordance with one embodiment. In this embodiment, the non-contact biometric hand sensor includes four imagers 1330 and four sources of illumination 1320 , Any number of imagers and / or sources of illumination may be used. The simplest contactless biometric handheld sensor includes a single illumination source and a single imager. The four imagers 1330 may provide spatial modularity, multispectral modularity, focal plane modularity, or a combination of the foregoing. For example, any imager 1330 depict a different area of the target area. As another example, each imager can 1330 to represent the hand under different multispectral conditions. As another example, each imager can 1330 depict another focal plane.

14A . 14B . 14C and 14D illustrate various views of a spatially and multi-spectrally modular non-contact biometric sensor device, in accordance with one embodiment. Sixteen imagers 1420 and sixteen optional optical elements 1435 be together with eight lighting sources 1420 shown. Any number of lighting sources 1420 of each type can be used. Various optical elements 1435 can also be used.

15A . 15B . 15C and 15D illustrate various views of a spatially and / or multispectral modular non-contact biometric sensor device with imagers focusing different imaging planes, in accordance with one embodiment. For convenience in describing these embodiments, there are four imagers 1520 in groups 1560 shown, which are surrounded by dotted lines. For example, a first group includes 1560A the imagers 1520A1 . 1520A2 . 1520A3 and 1520A4 , Each of these imagers provides imaging coverage for a first zone in the target space, with their placement in the imager field 1500 In addition, every imager is 1520 also focused on another imaging plane. This is what the imagers do 1520 within a group 1560 provide coverage for a particular lateral zone, if possible with overlap, they also provide coverage for the vertical distance from the imagers by focusing on different focal planes. Although the figure four imagers 1520 shows that in a group 1560 Any number of imagers can be used. Furthermore, any number of groups 1560 equally well used. Due to the modular nature of the system, imagers can 1520 and groups 1560 be added as needed.

In another embodiment, each imager 1520 within a group 1560 to represent the hand under different multispectral conditions. For example, the imager 1520A1 to provide a picture of red light from the area of the hand representing the location of the group 1560A in the imager field 1500 equivalent. The imager 1520A2 can use a polarizer to provide an image of the area of the hand that is the location of the groups 1560A in the imager field 1500 equivalent. The imager 1520A3 can provide an image with a resolution of 2000 PPI or higher, while other imagers provide images with a resolution of less than 20000 PPI. The imager 1520A4 can provide a green light image of the area of the hand that is the location of the groups 1560A in the imager field 1500 equivalent. Various other multispectral connections can also be used. Imagers within a group are, according to another embodiment, not necessarily contiguous, as shown. Furthermore, in another embodiment, the arrangement of the imagers 1520 within the imager field 1500 at various locations or anywhere except within a closed planar imager field 1500 as shown.

In another embodiment, the imager field 1500 imager 1520 provide spatial, multispectral, and focal plane modularity. For example, the imagers can map spatial zones of a hand within the target space. A subset of these imagers can be focused on different focal planes with different multispectral conditions. That is, each imager can map a spatial zone on a given focus plane using a multispectral condition. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various combinations can be implemented.

Proximity sensor user interface

16 shows a contactless biometrics system user interface with a holographic image of a hand 1615 , in accordance with an embodiment. As shown, there are a number of sources of illumination 1620 , Imagers 1630 and optical elements 1635 shown. The imagers 1630 and lighting sources 1630 are configured to illuminate and depict a hand and / or finger within the target area 1612 to be placed. A holographic image generator (not shown) comprising a holographic image of a hand is included 1615 within the target area 1612 provides. This allows a user's hand within the target space 1612 place by placing his hand on, near or within the picture 1615 the holographic hand. The holographic image generator may also provide a volumetric display or image. An optional structure 1040 is shown in the figure. Other embodiments use a holographic image of a finger instead of a hand.

17 shows a contactless biometrics system user interface with a light field 1750 according to one embodiment. As shown, there are a number of sources of illumination 1720 , Imager 1730 and optical elements 1735 shown. The imagers 1730 and the imager sources 1730 are configured to illuminate and image a hand and / or finger placed within the target space. Two light sources 1745 For example, two lasers or laser diodes each provide a light beam 1750 ready, which at least partially defines the boundaries of the target area. Any number of light sources can be used in any configuration. When a user moves his or her hand into the target space, the user can see the beam of light on the hand or finger and knows that it is reaching a boundary of the target space. An optional structure 1740 is shown in the figure.

Various other user interface elements can be implemented be. For example, in one embodiment, a proximity sensor in conjunction with a speaker or other visual interface be implemented. The proximity sensor can, for example stereoscopic imagers and / or stereoscopic light sources use. When the proximity sensor detects the presence of a Object detected within the target area, the lighting sources Illuminate the object and the imagers can use the object map within the target area. An audio interface, to Example a speaker, can also be used to To inform users that a picture is being taken that the Hand and / or the user's finger within the target area located and / or the user to ask his hand and / or his Move fingers within the user space to him or her align.

Proximity sensor

One Proximity sensor and / or presence sensor may be in different Embodiments also be included. In contactless Biometric systems it is important to know if a biometric Property of interest is located within the target area. A proximity sensor can make such a determination. For example, a proximity sensor can use stereoscopic imagers and / or stereoscopic illumination sources. The system can then analyze when peak intensities one calibrated area of an image coincident with the Target space is related. A stereoscopic illumination proximity sensor may include at least two sources of illumination that are in one Distance from each other, and an imager, the is arranged between the two illumination sources. Just like one Object that is illuminated by such stereoscopic illumination sources approaching the imager approaches one Graph the peak intensities through the imagers at. The system can then determine if the object is within the Target space is by running a comparison with calibrated data.

One Stereoscopic proximity sensor can be at least two image sources include, which are arranged at a distance from each other, and an illumination source arranged between the two imagers is. As an object that is illuminated, the illumination source and / or As the imager approaches, a combined graphic begins the peak intensities of the two imagers approaching each other. Furthermore, a single imager and two illumination sources be used. Similarly, a graphic becomes the intensities, applied to lateral Imager positions, providing aligning peaks, as well as an object approaches the imager and / or the illumination sources. The system can determine if an object is within the target space is calibrated by performing a comparison Dates. Various other proximity detection techniques are provided in the previously incorporated US patent application No. 12 / 100,597.

In In another embodiment, a light source can Spotlight target space with a large angle of incidence to Example greater than 60 ° from the normal one of the target area. The light source may be in various embodiments be a monochromatic blue light source or, in other embodiments The light source can be monochromatic light with less than about Send 600 nm. The light source or sources not only illuminate the target area, but also the area immediately above the target from below the target area. A color filter field filters Light from the target area before the light falls on an imager. The color filter field can be any color filter field that exists in the different colors described herein. The color filter panel filters light according to wavelength bands. Thus, the relative intensity of a wavelength band be compared with other wavelength bands. As soon as an alleged biometric feature approaches the target, it will monochromatic light from the surface of the biometric Feature reflected. Accordingly, the relative intensity decreases of the wavelength band, which is the wavelength of the contains monochromatic light, relative to other frequency bands as the alleged biometric feature approaches the target. Accordingly, the intensity of the blue light in Referring to the intensity of the red and / or green Light monitors. When the intensity of the blue Light related to the intensity of the red and / or green Light increases, then the alleged biometric feature is near the target area. If the blue light intensity is not increased enough, then is not an alleged biometric feature near the target and the system continues the intensity levels of different wavelength bands to monitor.

22 FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of biometric sensing using various embodiments. FIG. Although a number of steps and processes are shown, embodiments may include any step or process, additional steps or processes, or just one or more steps or processes. Furthermore, each step or process may include different sub-steps or sub-processes. At block 2205 a user is shown the location of the target area. This display may include, for example, a holographic image, a light beam field, audio cues, visual cues, a plate, a prism, etc. The presence of an object within the target area, such as a skin area, will be at block 2208 detected or detected. The presence of an object within the target area may be detected by means of stereoscopic imagers and / or stereoscopic illumination sources and / or multispectral techniques. The skin area is illuminated at block 2210 , The illumination may take place prior to any other step described herein and / or may take place only after the presence of a skin site is detected. Various sources of illumination may be used with any modification to multispectral conditions such as wavelength, wavelengths, polarization, angles, etc. During illumination, the skin area is blocked with the help of two imagers 2215A and 2215B displayed. These imagers can image the skin area substantially simultaneously. That is, these imagers can see the object in a variety of ways under a single illumination sequence. Any number of imagers can be used. Imagers can image the skin site under any variety of multispectral conditions such as wavelength, wavelengths, polarization, resolution, spatial modularity, focal plane modularity, imaging angles, etc. A multispectral image can be derived from the images taken by the imagers at block 2220 be generated. A biometric function can then be used at block 2225 be executed. The biometric function may include identifying an individual, assigning an individual to an access code, assigning an individual to a group of individuals, determining whether access to a facility, a building, a resort, an activity, a vehicle, a security area and / or a device, performing a liveness determination, performing a misuse determination, biometric matching (identification or verification), and / or estimating demographic parameters including age, gender, and ethnic origin, etc.

Exemplary hardware

Various embodiments described herein use a light source to illuminate a target area, target surface, plate, skin site, finger, hand, etc. Such sources of illumination may include a broadband source, such as a white glowing bulb, a white light LED, an incandescent bar, or other of that variety. Alternatively, the illumination source may include one or more narrowband sources, such as LEDs, lasers and laser diodes, quantum dots, optically filtered sources, and the like. In some cases, the illumination system may include optical polarizers in such a way that light from one or more sources is polarized before it hits the hand. In some cases, the polarizer may be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer. In some embodiments, multiple light sources are illuminated simultaneously during normal operation. In some cases, the plurality of light sources may be illuminated in any sequence during which a plurality of images are captured and recorded. In some cases In some embodiments, more than one illumination source is shown or described in a figure, in such embodiments, a single light source may also be used.

Some require embodiments described herein one or more imagers. These imagers can be used for Example a silicon CMOS imager or a silicon CCD imager include. Alternatively, an imager may include a photodiode array, from materials such as MCT, lead salt, InSb, InGaAs, or a bolometer field or other devices and materials that are capable of capturing images, which correspond to the desired illumination wavelengths, enable. In another embodiment can be a wafer-level imager or a field of wafer-level imagers be used. In addition to the imager field can one or more polarizers are present in the imaging system be and be arranged so that the imager the hand or a Section of it through the polarizer "sees". Such polarizers can be linear or circular Be a polarizer. In some cases, the polarizer be arranged in the imaging system so that it is substantially orthogonal or crossed with respect to one or more polarizers is present in the lighting system. In some cases For example, the image polarizer may be arranged to be substantially is parallel or has the same orientation as the illumination polarizer.

In Cases where the imager's hand passes through a polarizer essentially related to the illumination polarizer is crossed, the resulting image tends to image properties highlighting that lie beneath the surface of the skin. In cases where the imager's hand is through a Sees polarizer that is essentially parallel to the illumination polarizer, the resulting image tends to emphasize image characteristics on or near the surface of the skin lie. In cases where the illumination polarizer or the image polarizer, or both, tends to be omitted the resulting image has effects of both surfaces as well also contain sub-surface properties. In some Cases, it may be advantageous to collect pictures and analyze under different polarization conditions were collected in addition to or instead of images, taken with different illumination wavelengths were.

In In some cases, an imager can be a color imager, which is capable of multiple wavelength bands separate. The use of such a color image donor can in cases used, which use broadband lighting sources, or in which several different narrowband lighting sources be turned on at the same time. In such cases can Information collected from multiple lighting conditions simultaneously be what the time and / or data volume requirements of an equivalent reduced successive series of monochromatic images. In some cases, the color image donors can be obtained are made by combining a digital imager with wider Wavelength response with a color filter field containing a provides narrower wavelength response to each imager pixel. In some cases, the color filter field may have three different color-selective ones Filters (red, green and blue) in a Bayer pattern, as is known to the person skilled in the art. Other variations of a color filter field as well as other means of color separation may also be more advantageous Be used way.

Either the lighting and imaging systems may be different optical components such as lenses, mirrors, phase plates, NO contacts, diffusers, Bandpass optical filters, short-pass optical filters, long-pass optical Filters and the like include to direct light to control and to focus in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

additionally There may be a problem with the lighting and imaging subsystems Plate on which the hand is placed for mapping. alternative can be dispensed to the plate and the hand can be outdoors Space to be mapped.

In various embodiments, the light sources and / or illumination sources are white light LEDs. There can be two banks of LEDs: one with a linear polarizer present and one without a polarizer. Both banks of LEDs illuminate a panel through diffusers, lenses, and / or mirrors to achieve moderate consistent illumination across the panel. The plate can be a flat glass plate. The imagers described throughout this specification may be color silicon CMOS or CCD imagers, monochromatic imagers, wafer level cameras, etc. Lenses and / or mirrors are used to image the upper surface of the plate, and the imager can also be used in embodiments described herein. A shortpass filter is introduced into the imaging system to substantially reduce the sensitivity of the infrared light imagers. A linear polarizer may be arranged in the imaging system to be substantially orthogonal to the polarizer present in one of the illumination banks. In other embodiments, the imaging system and the number of pixels may be configured to map at a resolution of between 100 and 2000 pixels per inch (PPI). In other embodiments, the image be designed to represent the hand with a resolution of approximately 500 PPI. A series of two images can be collected: one with unpolarized white light illuminating the hand, and one with cross-polarized light illuminating the hand. Optionally, a third image can be collected with all the illumination LEDs turned off, resulting in an image representing the effects of ambient light. In some cases, the ambient light image (or a version with adjusted gray levels thereof) may be subtracted from either or both of the illuminated images to produce an estimate of the corresponding images in which no ambient light is present.

Farther can have one or more imagers in each of the different ones Embodiments of a high-resolution imager include. As noted above, a multispectral image of images be derived with different resolutions. The means imagers with different resolutions can used to derive a multispectral image. Such Imagers can be used to, for example, the Hand (the hands) and / or the foot (the feet) of infants, newborns and / or premature babies, map. In one embodiment, a high resolution Imager to be able to with at least 1000 pixels per inch (PPI). Such imagers may be able to Pores and / or furrows of a finger and / or a hand or foot to show. In another embodiment, a high resolution Imager to be able to map with at least 2000 PPI, which pores and / or the shape of furrows in the finger and / or the hand or foot of a newborn or premature baby to show. In another embodiment, a high resolution Imager to be able to map with at least 3000 PPI. In In another embodiment, a high resolution Imagers should be able to map with at least 4000 PPI.

Various Embodiments may be identification of a Providing individuals by analyzing an image of the fingerprint, of the handprint and / or palm print of the Individual. Such embodiments may include details, Fingerprints, palm prints and / or Handprinting pattern, multispectral properties of a finger, a hand and / or palm etc. Other Identification features can also be used as skin discoloration, Deformities, scars, marks, tattoos, liver spots, warts, Stains, etc. are used. Everything in a biometric image Determination can help can be considered.

23 shows a picture of a finger 2300 with a tattoo-like feature 2310 in accordance with an embodiment. A tattoo-like quality, tattoo or other markings can help with biometric determination. 24 shows a picture of a hand 2400 with a number of birthmarks 2405 and a scar 2410 in accordance with another embodiment. The moles 2405 , the scars 2410 Markers and / or other discolorations may be used to aid in biometric determination. Features such as tattoos, scars, and / or markers can be used as a highly reliable differentiator between individuals.

Certain existing sensor products using multispectral imaging use contact as a mechanism of positioning registration, to simplify various aspects of the system design. Multispectral Imaging fingerprinting technology provides the best protection in the industry against abuse attempts due to the comprehensive information, which is detected in multispectral imaging. This imaging provides comprehensive data from the surface and the optical Characteristics of under the surface of the finger or Abusive material from which the fingerprint is detected what the distinction of the original from the fake easily makes feasible.

Of the The sensor described herein constitutes a true contactless fingerprint sensor ready, fast, intuitive and easy to use while at the same time Capture fingerprints that are completely compatible with Historic Automated Fingerprint Identification System ("AFIS") Systems are. The sensor eliminates artifacts due to finger movement and enables easy and reliable user interaction. This fast detection capability is in one embodiment achieved through the use of multiple imagers that are synchronized are to simultaneously capture all the required images.

For example, a plurality of imagers may be used to monitor the space above the sensor, which may also be actively illuminated at any wavelength or illuminated by ambient light. The plurality of imagers may be used to detect motion in the space above the sensor and to initiate a sensor preparation sequence when such motion is detected. The plurality of imagers may further be used to determine the approximate location of the object in the space above the sensor based on the different (parallax) views of the imagers. The pictures of the majority Sensors may be analyzed to determine when an object is above the sensor in the preferred space to start sensor detection. In some embodiments, the images from the plurality of imagers are also analyzed to determine if the object in the space above the sensor has the optical properties of the finger and will trigger capture only if the object is compatible with a finger and is in the right place.

In One embodiment includes the lighting subsystem one or more light emitting diodes covering the range of Interest above the sensor with light of the needed Illuminate properties. The light-emitting diodes can sometimes include white light emitting diodes. alternative or additionally, one or more of the light be emitting diodes narrowband or monochromatic light sources. In cases where a plurality of such light sources is used, the light sources can substantially they may be the same or they may have significant other wavelength characteristics exhibit. In some cases, such light can emitting diodes include sources that are red, green and emit blue wavelengths. In some cases one or more light-emitting diode wavelengths emit other than visible wavelengths, as in the near ultraviolet or near infrared region. In each of these lighting configurations, a or multiple sources of illumination can be linearly polarized using a polarizing plate (not shown).

In In one embodiment, the imaging systems include a variety of imagers. The imagers can Be silicon fields and can be used as digital CMOS devices or CCD devices. One or more of Imagers can panchromatic (black and white) Be an imager. Some of the panchromatic imagers can include a wavelength filter to match the wavelengths, which are essentially seen by the imager to limit. The Unlimited wavelengths can be a section be the visible wavelength range. Alternatively you can the unlimined wavelengths wavelengths in the near ultraviolet or near infrared wavelength ranges include. One or more of the imagers may include color imagers. The color image generator may comprise a color filter array consisting of red, green and blue pixels that are in a pattern, like a Bayermuster, are arranged. Alternatively, the color image generator off an arrangement of chromatic beam splitters and multiple panchromatic Imagers should be constructed, as known in the art. While the following discussion sometimes makes a specific reference to "color image generator" by providing examples of particular embodiments, It should be understood that these devices only and others are exemplary or all of the imager variations described herein include or others that will be apparent to those skilled in the art become.

In In one particular embodiment, the imaging subsystem includes a number of colorants which are at the starting point of the three-dimensional Detection subsystem are oriented and focused. If the Position sensor is triggered, capture all imagers essentially at the same time an image of the finger, the sensor has triggered. This fast and essentially simultaneous Collection of multiple images will decrease motion artifacts and the overall robustness and usability of the capture system increase. A section of the color images can sometimes be optical Having polarizers attached to those (not shown) the ability to create images in a cross-polarized modality to capture, provide.

In In some embodiments, the plurality of imagers may be be so oriented that they are all essentially a similar one Imaged area above the sensor. In some embodiments some or all of the imagers cover different areas of the room depict. In some embodiments the overlapped areas overlap significantly. In some Embodiments, the imagers may be different Imaging areas of space, all at the same focus distance or "height" above the sensor. This allows the sensor system to be able to handle a larger one Capture an object field than would otherwise be possible when the same imagers focus on the same area of the room would. In some embodiments the imager areas of the room at different distances (Heights) from the sensor, allowing for the sensor data over a larger one Range of focus distances detected as otherwise provided, if all imagers were focused on the same focus distance.

It It is believed that procedures for obtaining a reliable and intuitive user interface, the user a Leadership for proper orientation and placement of a Fingers through the use of a hologram, the a hand and a finger in the right place above the Sensors shows. This would allow the user his To place fingers in a similar position, which then triggers the measurement sequence.

It is so ver, according to the description ver various embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit. For example, the principles described herein could be applied to four finger acquisition, whole hand imaging, or imaging of the skin on other body parts. Accordingly, the foregoing description should not be taken as limiting the scope which is defined in the following claims.

Summary

A Number of biometric systems and methods is disclosed. A system according to one embodiment a lighting subsystem, an imaging subsystem, and a Analyzer. The lighting subsystem is capable of one Target area to illuminate. The imaging subsystem is configured to to map the target area under different optical conditions. The analyzer is in communication with the lighting subsystem, the imaging subsystem and the three-dimensional subsystem provided. The analyzer also has instructions that Subsystems to operate at the same time a substantially Plurality of images of the object under multispectral conditions to collect that arranged at the predetermined spatial location is.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 6404904 [0069]

Claims (42)

Biometric system comprising: One or more Lighting sources configured to at least one Illuminate part of a target area; A first imager, configured to receive light from at least a portion of the Receive target space under a first optical condition; a second imager configured to receive light from at least a portion of the target space under a second optical condition to receive, wherein the first optical condition of the second optical condition is different; and an analyzer that communicatively with the one or more sources of illumination and the plurality of imagers is coupled, the analyzer configured to control the operation of the one or more sources of illumination, of the first imager and the second imager a multispectral image of an object that is within the target space is placed to produce from the light at the first imager and received at the second imager. The biometric system of claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to the first imager and the second imager to control, wherein the first imager and the second imager a Provide image of the target area substantially simultaneously. The biometric system of claim 1, wherein the target space at least partially defined by a plate. The biometric system of claim 1, wherein the target space adapted to receive a human hand. Biometric system according to claim 1, wherein one or both of the first imager and the second imager on or include multiple optical elements selected by the group which consist of a color filter, a color filter field, a linear one Polarizer, a circular polarizer, a diffuser, a collimator, a grating and a lens. The biometric system of claim 1, wherein the first Imager configured to receive light from a first subspace of the target space, and wherein the second imager thereto is configured to receive light from a second subspace of the target space receive. The biometric system of claim 1, wherein the first Imager is focused on a first focal plane and wherein the second imager is focused on a second focal plane, wherein the first and the second focal plane differ. The biometric system of claim 1, wherein the target space is located in free space. The biometric system of claim 1, further comprising at least a first processor coupled to the first imager and a second processor connected to the second imager is coupled. The biometric system of claim 1, further comprising a user interface configured to a user Essentially indicate at least a portion of the target area. The biometric system of claim 1, further comprising a presence detector configured to detect the presence of an object within the target area. Method for collecting a multispectral biomimetic image, the method comprising: Illuminate at least one section a target area; Receiving light from at least a portion of the Target space under a first optical condition; separate receive light from at least a portion of the target area under a second optical condition substantially simultaneously with receiving light from the target space under the first optical Condition, wherein the first optical condition and the second distinguish optical condition; and Derive a multispectral Image of an object within the target space of the light, that under either or both of the first optical condition and the second optical condition is received. The method of claim 12, further comprising: providing an indication of at least a portion of the target area. The method of claim 12, further comprising: detecting the presence of an object within the target area. The method of claim 12, wherein the first optical Condition and the second optical condition selected by the group which consists of polarized light, totally internally reflected light, Light with a specific wavelength, light within a certain wavelength band, light from a subspace within the target space and light from a focal plane within of the target area. The method of claim 12, wherein a first imager captures a first image of at least a portion of the target space below the first optical field and a second imager provides a second image of at least a portion of the target space under the second optical condition. The method of claim 16, wherein the first image has a higher resolution than the resolution of the second picture. Biometric system, comprising: lighting means for illuminating a destination space; first imaging means for Mapping at least a portion of the target space below a first one optical condition and for providing a first image; second Imaging means for imaging at least part of the target space under a second optical condition, different from the first optical condition differs and to provide a second image; Processing means for controlling the illumination means, the first imaging means and the second imaging means, wherein the processing means is configured to be a multispectral Derive image from the first image and the second image. The biometric system of claim 18, further comprising: Presence detection means for detecting the presence of a Object within at least a portion of the target space. The biometric system of claim 18, wherein the first optical condition and the second optical condition of the group to be chosen, which consists of polarized light, totally internally reflected light, light of a certain wavelength, Light within a certain band of wavelengths, light from a subspace within the target space and light from one Focus plane within the target area. The biometric system of claim 18, further comprising: Means of indicating at least a portion of the target space to a user. Biometric sensor for whole hands, full: a disk configured to be a human Hand to receive, with a surface of the plate a Target area defined; one or more lighting sources, which are configured to at least a portion of the target surface to illuminate; a first imager configured to do so is, light from at least a section of the target surface below to receive a first optical condition; a second An imager configured to receive light from at least one of Section of the target surface under a second optical Condition to receive, wherein the first optical condition of the second optical condition distinguishes; and an analyzer, communicative with the one or more sources of illumination and the plurality of imagers is coupled, the analyzer configured to control the operation of the one or more sources of illumination, of the first imager and the second imager a multispectral image of an object on the target surface is placed to produce light from a first imager and received at a second imager. Biometric sensor for whole hands according to claim 22, wherein the analyzer is configured to to control the first imager and the second imager and wherein the first imager and the second imager form an image of the target space deploy substantially simultaneously. Biometric sensor for whole hands according to claim 22, wherein the first imager is configured to a first spatial location on the target surface and the second imager is configured to second spatial location on the target surface depict the first spatial location and the second spatial location differ from each other. Biometric sensor for whole hands according to claim 22, wherein one or both of said first imager and the second imager comprise one or more optical elements, which are chosen from a list consisting of a color filter consists of a color filter field, a linear polarizer, a circular one Polarizer, a diffuser, a collimator, a grid and a lens. The biometric system of claim 22, wherein the first Imager is focused on a first focal plane and the second Imager is focused on a second focal plane, wherein distinguish the first focal plane and the second focal plane. The biometric system of claim 22, further comprising at least a first processor connected to the first imager is coupled and a second processor coupled to the second imager is. The biometric system of claim 22, further comprising a presence detector configured to detect the presence of an object within the target area. The biometric system of claim 22, wherein the first imager comprises a wafer level camera and the second imager comprises a wafer level camera includes. The biometric system of claim 22, wherein the first optical condition mapping a first portion of the target space and the second optical condition comprises imaging a second, other section of the target area. Method of collecting a multispectral biomimetic image a human hand, the method comprising: light at least a portion of a target surface of a plate; Receive of light from at least a portion of the target surface under a first optical condition; Isolated received of light from at least a portion of the target surface under a second optical condition substantially simultaneously with receiving light from the target surface below a first optical condition, wherein the first optical Condition and the second optical condition differ; and derive a multispectral image of an object within the target surface from the light that is under one or both of the first optical Condition and the second optical condition is received. The method of claim 31, wherein the first optical Condition and the second optical condition selected by the group which consists of polarized light, totally internally reflected light, Light with a specific wavelength, light within a certain wavelength band, light from a first Subspace within the target space and light from a first focal plane within the target area. The method of claim 31, wherein a first imager a first image of at least a portion of the target space below a first optical condition provides and a second imager a second image of at least a portion of the target space below the second optical condition provides. The method of claim 31, wherein the first image a resolution greater than the resolution of the second picture. The method of claim 31 further comprising: detecting the presence of an object on the target surface. Biometric system comprising: lighting means for illuminating a target space, at least partially by a Plate is defined; first imaging means for imaging at least a portion of the target space under a first optical Condition and for providing a first image; second Imaging means for imaging at least a portion of the target space under a second optical condition, different from the first optical condition differs, and to provide a second image; and Processing means for controlling the illumination means, the first imaging means and the second imaging means, wherein the processing means is configured to be a multispectral Derive image from the first image and the second image. The biometric system of claim 36, further comprising: Presence detection means for detecting the presence of a Object within at least a portion of the target space. The biometric system of claim 36, wherein the first optical condition and the second optical condition of the group to be chosen, which consists of polarized light, totally internally reflected light, light of a certain wavelength, Light within a certain band of wavelengths, light from a first subspace within the target space and light from a first focal plane within the target area. The biometric system of claim 36, wherein the illumination means comprise a broadband light source. The biometric system of claim 36, wherein the first Imaging means comprises a wafer-level camera and the second Imaging means comprises a waferlevel camera. The biometric system of claim 36, wherein the first Imaging means comprises a first processor and the second Imaging means comprises a second processor. The biometric system of claim 36, wherein the first optical condition mapping a first portion of the target space and the second optical condition comprises imaging a second, other section of the target area.