DE110210C - - Google Patents

Description

bet

IMPERIAL

ΡΑΤΕΝΤΑΜιΓ.

! Many shortcomings of the previous primary and secondary elements can be identified in general lead back to the fact that the electrolyte in the passage of the current in relation to chemical composition or concentration undergoes changes.

From this it also follows that the constituents of the electrolyte, like those of the effective mass of the electrodes, are changed in their aggregate state. The lead accumulator, as well as Lalande's secondary element (copper oxide and iron oxide hydrate in alkali) are an exception in this respect only insofar as the electrolyte is not changed in terms of its chemical composition, but in terms of concentration and volume. The radical (SOJ) found in the lead sulfate in the former case, as well as the one hydroxydradical (OH) present in the latter case in the iron oxide hydrate (Fe (OH) J ), form a component, sometimes a liquid, sometimes a solid, when the current passes through of the electrolyte is also present in Cailletets and Collardeaus gas compression elements with platinum electrodes.

The present. The purpose of the invention, on the other hand, is a primary BEZW. Secondary element to create in which the electrolyte is neither in its composition nor in its concentration changes. According to this, the electrolyte only plays the role of a conductor between play with the electrodes, and, since it is not decomposed, it only needs one relatively small amount of the same to be filled into the element.

In order to achieve the stated purpose, it is necessary that the electrolyte in the Electrolysis only separates the constituents of the solvent, the water, and again absorbs the fact that the effective mass in the passage of the current is oxygen (or the hydroxide directly absorbs or gives off and that the conductor, which carries the effective mass, if necessary, is not attacked will.

The present arrangement is established "Hence the simple transfer of oxygen (or hydroxide) from the active one Ground one electrode to that of the other.

Every water-soluble hydrate of any metal, the metal radical of which decomposes water, can be used as an electrolyte. It is suitable for this purpose. B. an alkali hydrate (potash, soda).

It is well known that the following reactions take place in the electrolysis of a solution of potassium hydrate:

KOH KOH

κ rX'OH

K ~ t ~. {OH

K ^ \ H0H irnwi

λ:. + \ hoch- ^2KOH +

OH OH

= H ₂ O + O.

It can be seen from this that the chemical

The composition of the electrolyte remains unchanged, and that the result is simple There is decomposition and regeneration of water.

Insoluble, non-hydrogen, in the electrolyte can be used as the effective mass Free-releasing, finely divided (chemically or electrolytically precipitated) metals, their hydroxide compounds cannot exist in the electrolyte, d. H. decomposed by the electrolyte into oxide and water, or oxygen compounds of such metals.

If, for example, finely divided copper (Cu) is used on one electrode and copper oxide (Cu 0) on the other, the following reaction occurs during discharge:

2 Cu O + 2 K OH + 2 Cu =
Cm ₂ O + K ₂ O + 2 Cu OH.

K ₂ O absorbs 1 molecule of water and thus forms 2 KOH, whereas 2 CuOH, which is not resistant to alkali, gives off 1 molecule of water and is broken down into Cu ₀ O + H ₂ O. The whole reaction is therefore as follows:

2 Cu O + 2KOH + 2CU = Cu ₂ O + 2 KOH + Cu ₂ O.

From this it can be seen that the electrolyte has not the slightest change in its chemical properties Composition, its concentration or its volume.

Particularly suitable carriers for the active composition are nickel or copper or in general those metals whose oxygen compounds are insoluble in alkali.

An element corresponding to the above can be constructed as follows. the positive electrode contains a porous mass in a network of nickel wire, consisting of a powdery silver superoxide (so-called "ozonized" Silver). The net is with a wire braided in it for the derivation of the Provided electricity. The negative electrode forms a copper network into which it is finely divided Pressed copper and the rest like that above-mentioned electrode is made. The individual electrodes are placed in an ebonite vessel alternately placed next to each other and through thin, moistened with alkali solution Asbestos paper layers separated.

The lead wires of the electrodes of the same type are connected to one another and provided with binding posts. The opening of the vessel is made with a suitable stone-like one Covered mass, which is provided with a hole for the extraction of gases. The evolution of gas however, this can only occur in the event of overloading. The hole is closed by a plug made of rubber and the like.

When the element so composed is discharged, the following reactions occur:

Ag ₂ O "+ 2 KOH + 2 Cu - Ag ₂ O + K ₂ O +2 Cu OH ;

K, O + H ₂ O = 2 KOH ^!

₂ 2 CuOH = Cu ₂ O

H ₂ O

or contracted:

Ag ₂ ° -2 '-Η 2 KOH + 2Cu =, Ag ₂ O + 2 K OH + Cm ₂ 0-

The electromotive force corresponds, here 0.93 volts. If Ch is still present for the reaction of the silver oxide, the following arises Reaction:

Ag ₂ O + 2 KOH + 2 Cu - ■ Ag ₂ + 2KOH + Cu ₂ O.

This reaction creates an electromotive force Force from 0.65 to 0.7 volts.

If a current is passed through the element in the opposite direction after the discharge, the above-mentioned reactions take place in reverse order:

2Ag + 2 KOH + Cu., O - . 2 Ag OH + K ₂ O + '2 Cu

K ₂ O + H ₂ O = 2 KOH 2 Ag O U = Ag ₂ O + H ₂ O

or contracted: ■.

2 Ag +2 KOH + Cu _n O = λ Ag ₂ O + 2 K OH + ~ 2 Cu I

and on it:

Ag ₂ O + 2 KOH + Cu ₂ O - Ag ₂ O ₂ + 2 KOH + 2 Cm. ■

From this it can be seen that the electrolyte is in no relation is changed, and that the final result of the passage of the current is a simple one Oxygen transfer between the effective masses is.

It is clear that if one of the effective masses, e.g. B. the negative, a metal | oxide hydrate or Metal oxide hydrate, e.g. B. Fe | (OH) ₂ , which can exist in alkali, adds j the positive with the corresponding amount j hydrate of a metal with the same intrinsic properties. [shafts, ζ. Β. Mn (OH) ₄ (manganese superoxide hydrate), zn is provided so that the corresponding amount of hydroxide (a hydroxyd radical) is not excreted without being absorbed when the current passes at the other pole.

When adding the above-mentioned hydroxide compounds to the effective ones Masses the following reaction occurs:

Fe (OH) ₂ + KOH + M ₁₁ (OH), = Fe (OH) ₃ + KOH + Mn (OH) ₃ .

Obviously, opposite reactions occur during charging.

It can be seen that here too the electrolyte remains unchanged, and that during passage of the current only a simple transfer of hydroxide from one electrode to the other other takes place.

To explain the advantages and properties of the collector described here in more detail, the following should be mentioned:

The collector supplies electrical energy of 40 to 50 watt hours per kilogram Total weight and generates electricity of 5 to 10 watts per kilogram. The little The weight of the collector is partly a result of the lower use of excitation fluid, partly a consequence of the fact that the mass carriers are easily made. The weight of the collector is therefore, since the collector's bowl is also made of light fabric is mainly dependent on the effective mass. Since there is only a thin layer of liquid between the electrodes, so the internal resistance of the collector is also reduced.

As a result of the small changes in volume of the effective masses, the are less disturbed by charging and discharging; the electrodes therefore have a longer lifespan.

Since no side reactions can occur in this collector, and no possibility either If other local chemical reactions are present in it, the collector can be removed Store for almost any length of time without loss of capacity. '

The collector finally does not suffer any damage from interrupted, excessive or too charges or discharges driven far or by long pauses; he is also Completely insensitive to moisture, temperature conditions and the like. And on the whole, requires little maintenance and supervision.

Claims (1)

; Patent Claims:
I. Primarily and secondarily usable galvanic element whose mass carriers holding the effective mass consist of metals which are not attacked by the caustic potash or caustic soda used as the electrolyte, characterized in that the effective ■■. ·. '. Mass of both electrodes made up of those finely divided and insoluble in the electrolyte. ^; Metals resp. whose oxygen compounds exist, through which free hydrogen; is not deposited during operation of the battery, and their hydroxide- ■ '. ":': bonds in the electrolyte cannot support, for the purpose of changing the electrolyte according to nature and quantity prevent and thus j: to avoid a change in the conductance of the same. 2t An embodiment of the by claim 1 'protected element in such a way that, the two effective masses of metal oxide hydrates, which can exist in the electrolyte, are mixed in in such proportions that when the Charge or discharge current a simple hydroxide transfer is effected, let it be that the electrolyte remains unchanged in composition and quantity.