DE1094480B - Pancratic lens for recording and playback purposes - Google Patents

Description

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF THE
EDITORIAL: DECEMBER 8, 1960

Pancratic systems have been since the end of the previous one Century became known in various forms and designs. They are up for visual observation the eye side is equipped with an eyepiece, for photographic or cinematographic purposes with a lens part of invariable focal length as a kind of basic lens, which in the following is referred to as "relay". The change in the image scale (change in magnification or focal length) takes place in the front part of such a pancratic which is upstream of the relay on the object side System, in that one or more lenses of finite refractive power compared to one or more fixed optical components are shifted. This shift causes relative changes the effective combination refractive forces in this front assembly of the pancratic which forms the front part System within which the refractive powers and displacement paths should be distributed in such a way that the Equal condition of constant image and pupil locations (»The theory of modern optical Instruments «by Dr. Alexander Gleichen, Verlag Ferdinand Encke, Stuttgart, 1923, 2nd edition, p. 163) is sufficient so that the position of the image location and the position of the location of the exit pupil for the whole Area of variable magnification remains in an approximately constant position. The objects are then used for each enlargement shown in the same place with the same brightness.

In these systems of pancratic systems, the movable components can either be positive or have a negative strength sign, as do the fixed links, the choice of this strength sign for reasons of purely expediency, it is determined which of the two options which provides fewer overall image errors for the solution of a given special task. That applies to the use of a pancratic system for photographic recording or reproduction purposes as well as when it is used as a telescope for visual observations, which is followed by the French Patent 983 129 is pointed out.

The prior art already shows in detail that both negative lenses alone (Capstaff: USA.-Patent 2165 341, as well as Gramatzki: USA.-Patent 2 235 364) and positive components alone (Michel: USA.-Patent 2 209 532, as well as Back: USA.-Patent 2,454,686, as well as Cuvillier: French patent 983,129, as well as HH Hopkins: USA.-Patent 2,663,223, and Back: USA.-Patent 2,718,817) were used as sliding members. In addition, the movable elements, made up of composite components with opposite strengths, have been used to vary the scale (Capstaff: USA.-Patent 2165 341, as well as Pankr from this lens for recording
and reproduction purposes

Applicant:

Voigtländer AG,
Braunschweig, Berliner Str. 53

Dr. Frank G. Back, Glen Cove, NY (V. St. Α.),
has been named as the inventor

Kaprelian: U.S. Patent 2,353,565, and Miles: U.S. Patent 2,578,574). Furthermore are parts of the components to vary the scale, in addition to their design as individual lenses, as well as lens pairs or lens combinations (Richter in his pancratic condenser: USA.-Patent 2 078 586 - Kaprelian mit a displaceable negative element made of three individual lenses in the USA patent 2 353 565 - ■ Back with movable Lens pairs with positive refractive power in the USA.-Patent 2,454,686 - Miles with a pair more symmetrical, opposing negative lenses, U.S. Patent 2,578,574 - S. O.M.Berthiot with pairs of symmetrical Lenses with negative and positive refractive power in French patent specification 1 150 483).

The use of such pairs of lenses was always advantageous when the individual components for Avoid extremely long systems with relatively high refractive powers were equipped, and indeed were such symmetrically opposing lens pairs for both the movable and the fixed components within the front half of the object such systems applied. Nevertheless, these are known proposals with quite considerable residual image defects afflicted, nevertheless for example these older constructions only pancratic systems with relatively

009 677/235

have small angles of view on the subject. Thus, microphotographic systems generally have only one Field of view expansion of less than 5 °. Have the usual variable focal length cinema shooting lenses Field of view ranges between 10 and 30 ° for the 8 mm cinema chamber and between 12 and 36 ° for the 16 mm cinema chambers in Hegen. For use as a taking lens in still photography such as in connection with the normal small format 24 x 36 mm, these aforementioned systems are not useful because they require an angle of view of about 21 to 63 °. This is where the present one starts Invention, through which, in a very surprising way, for the first time both the award and the illumination such a vast field of vision is opened up.

The pancratic system according to the invention is in order to achieve the most compact possible construction Correspondence with the state of the art also from elements with relatively large individual refractive powers constructed, parts of these elements also being composed of pairs of lenses similar to those of their enclosed small invariable inner distance in a known manner their strongly refractive Surfaces, while their outer surfaces adjoining the variable distances with the weaker ones Area refractive powers are equipped. The same applies to the new lens as well Condition fulfilled and accordingly the panel between the front part realizing the scale variation and the rear part equipped with a fixed focal length. Enable these previously known measures to be sure, the achievement of a relatively compact pancratic lens, its individual Components are also equipped with tolerable surface curvatures, but that alone is not enough to create a bright pancratic lens with a desired to create a large field of view. A significant step forward has been taken here after the invention using the structural design described below, in which the following characterizing features according to the claims are used:

The new fast pancratic objective has in the direction from the longer conjugate to the shorter one In this order conjugated a front member of dispersing refractive power, to which a movable one Lens pair collecting refractive power is connected downstream, which a small fixed inner air gap in Forms a strongly collecting air lens between itself and forms the so-called variator, the one stationary diffusing element, the so-called erector, is connected downstream, which also consists of a pair of lenses consists, whose more refractive surfaces enclose a small fixed air gap, which here however, in contrast to the variator, it forms an air lens with a strongly dispersing effect, and this one Erector is followed by a portable collection system coupled to the variator, which is called a compensator and is equipped with a strong positive refractive power that the The fixed diaphragm of the pancratic lens follows, with a multi-lens compound behind this diaphragm System is arranged, which is used to generate a real image with a collecting refractive power is equipped, and behind the then at the distance required for focusing the image plane follows. This overall arrangement of the subject of the invention is now for the development of today's photographic Fine imaging performance corresponding to requirements with a high relative initial aperture and the

named large field of view equipped with the following special identifying features:

a) The diffusing front lens L ₁ is designed in such a way that it has its very strongly diffusing outer surface i? ₂ facing the diaphragm B as a hollow surface and that

b) both the variable variator following the stationary front lens and the stationary erector following it, each of which consists of a pair of lenses set up against one another and enclosing a very strongly refractive pair of adjacent surfaces, are equipped with such an asymmetrical distribution of the surface powers in these pairs of adjacent surfaces that _{the neighboring pair of surfaces A 8} , R ₉ enclosed in the fixed erector is equipped with an asymmetry of the two surface powers φ ₈ , φ ₉ of more than 15%, but less than 115%, so that, expressed in terms of a formula, the following applies:

1.15 <p ₉ <9) 3 <2.15 9? ₉ ,

and the inner pair of neighboring surfaces i? ₄ , R ₅ of the variator preceding the ag Erector on the object side, in turn, has an even stronger refractive power asymmetry than that of the Erector, and the enclosed neighboring surface pairs R ₈ , R ₉ and R ₁ , R _{5 of} these two members are individually designed as asymmetrical _{in g 0} are that their inner surfaces R ₅ and R ₈ , which are hollow towards the diaphragm B , are each equipped with a stronger refractive power than the adjacent inner surfaces 2 assigned to them, which are convex towards the diaphragm? ₄ or R ₉ , and that

c) at the same time, the compensator, which is arranged between the stationary erector and the likewise stationary diaphragm B and can be moved together with the variator, has at least one collecting glass-air surface bordering on a variable air gap, the surface refraction of which is greater than 25% of the mean equivalent refractive power of the total objective, but without exceeding the value of 125% of this equivalent refractive power of the pancratic objective in its middle position, so that the following applies in terms of a formula:

0.25 Φ μ < _Ψΐί <1.25 Φ.

¹ M-

In the course of the investigations into the invention, it has now been shown that this asymmetry of the refractive power distribution mentioned under b) within the highly refractive enclosed adjacent pairs of surfaces of the members should be made larger, the greater the light intensity of the lens (i.e. the larger the diameter is the usable bundle cross-section) and the larger the desired usable maximum image angle should be. According to this, the refractive power 93g of the inner surface R _{8 of} the erector, which is hollow towards the diaphragm B, should be more than a sixth, but less than three quarters, greater than the refractive power <p _{9 of} its bordering on the enclosed air space and curved convexly towards the diaphragm B. Neighboring surface R _{9 of} this stationary erector that, expressed in terms of a formula, therefore applies:

¹ Ve <P »<<Ps <1 ^S U <P9>

and that at the same time the surface refractive power φ _{6 of} the concave inner adjacent surface R _{5 of} the variable variator towards the diaphragm B by more than

4O ⁰ J ₀ , but by no more than 220%, the complex surface area is also not related to the refractive power φ _{ί of} its convex surface A _4, which is convex towards the diaphragm B. Angle of view suitable, in particular then this convex surface R ₁ , that therefore applies in terms of a formula: not if (as in the case of the French patent

5 1 150 483) for the one following the orifice and the final

1.4 9> 4 <9> 5 <3.2 9? _4th valid image effecting basic lens [L ₁ in their

Fig. 12) a single uncorrected converging lens (flat

This also shows that convex lens) is used in the frame. As stated above, this asymmetry is, as far as possible, the more so as the relay according to the invention a multi-lens combination is more pronounced the longer the beam paths are provided by the system set. In older proposals, these pairs of neighboring surfaces are made up to the aperture. for this purpose already three-lens anastigmate before. It has also been shown that to achieve very much, z. B. in the USA patents large angle of view in the distance from the diaphragm B 2,454,686 and 2,718,817 Inner surface R ₅ even as far as possible 15 inner screen, but with regard to the equations has a surface refractive power φ _Β which is greater than 166 ° / ₀ Condition with a front screen, the surface refractive power φ _{ί of} the neighboring and opposite must allow for very large image angles only one other inner surface A ₄ convexly curved in the diaphragm B, insufficient correction of the coma, ie the opening of this portable variator, so that, in terms of formula, wide-open bundles in the lateral visual quality: 20 field parts. In addition, such lenses are few

<ρ ₅ > 1.66φ ₄ . suitable for distortion over large angles of view

keep areas sufficiently small if they

The inventive introduction of the front panel can be used with such a front panel, unless the asymmetry described for the fundamental then, one equips them with extremely strong refractive forces components of the present pancratic systems 25 of their individual elements, whereby the zonal intermediate is opened up the possibility of the asymmetry components errors in the wide-open lateral coma bundles can be influenced extremely unfavorably by the coma defects of wide-open bundles. To the extent that the pancreatic surprising manner can also be reduced very significantly with larger image angle lenses according to the present invention only with areas. In the course of small relative openings, the investigations into the invention have also shown that the aforementioned relay forms can of course be of the normal type that naturally also uses the other remaining or extended triplet types within the scope of the pre-zonic aberration residues, which are therefore of course the narrow limits of the invention will. It can be held that these individual structural members, however, aim of a special design of the present themselves, receive such refractive powers that an invention, a pancratic lens with a wide-angle, particularly simple reduction of the remaining maximum field of view, even with a high light intensity allow aberration. For this purpose, these components are to be equipped, that is to say, to give the relay itself a high opening, following the mean equi-relative opening, in accordance with the claims. According to the invention, the pancratic systems can be equipped with large sums of refractive power Φ μ of the overall lens related to the value of the field of view: expansion with relative openings of up to 1: 2.7.

40 are permitted if one has the above

The front lens (I) receives a refractive power that is greater than 20 ° / ₀ , but less than 65% of Φ _Μ , builds up relays in the following way: This pancratic absolute calculated; Lens has the aperture B following in its

the variator (II, III) receives a surface power relay on its side facing the diaphragm at least sum, which is measured _{between 65 and 130 ° / 0} Φ μ; 45 two individual lens elements, one of which faces the diaphragm of the stationary erector (IV, V, VI) with a very strongly dispersing hollow surface R ₂ , whose absolute surface refractive power sum, surface refractive power <p _{z in} terms of the absolute value is greater than 90% <p _M , but without exceeding the amount as 75% of the mean equivalent refractive power of 180% Φ μ , total lens, but without exceeding the value of 275%

while the surface power sum of the compen- ^s ° _ this average equivalent power of the whole crystallizer (VII, VIII) is dimensioned so that they pass between ° b] ektivs ™ that a formula so good:

65 and 130% Φ _Μ lies. . ",,

U, 75 Ψ μ < ψζ j <475 Ψ μ,

In a formulaic representation, the following is: ₅₅ while on the picture side it is a non-isosceles

, _ Converging lens S is arranged, the one against the image

0.20 Φ _Μ <-ψι < 0.65 Φ _{Μ hollow} meniscus M follows.

0.65 Φ μ <9? Variator <1.30 Φ μ In this arrangement, the acts near the diaphragm

η on (h ^ - ^ - 1 sn <f> the aforementioned very strongly dispersing hollow

U, WVm < - ^ rector < 1.au 9 _{M 6o surface} extremely advantageous with regard to the

0.65 Φ μ <9> comp. <1.30 Φ μ anastigmatic image field flattening and the aforementioned

Coma states, while those against the picture are hollow

Pancratic lenses have already been proposed. in which, in place of such a surprising closing meniscus, it has a very beneficial effect on distortion The above-described correction, which brings about progress, acts especially at the desired large image angles, principle according to the invention rather an increase If these distortion residues are particularly small the image performance should be caused by wanting to hold three, this is usually at the expense of the Movable elements made up of pairs of lenses Koma design go, which, however, according to the invention Fixed relative to two of them enclosed can also be avoided if one is within Pairs of lenses were used. Such a 70 of the relay also carries out the following refractive power measurement:

The relay is composed of several individual members in such a way that a negative lens with a very strongly refractive diffraction surface Rz hollow towards this diaphragm is arranged in the vicinity of the preceding diaphragm B , while on the image side a meniscus M with outer surfaces hollow towards the image completes the overall system, with several inner members being arranged between these components, which include two collecting air lenses in such a way that the sum of their surface powers φΐ, ΐ, is greater than 2.0 times

the mean equivalent refractive power of the entire lens, but without exceeding 6.0 times this total refractive power of the pancratic lens in its central position, that the following applies in terms of a formula:

2.0 Φ μ <<pLL < 6.0 Φ μ.

(2)

This advantageous measure can now be increased even further by setting up inner members in such a way that they enclose three air lenses with a collecting effect in such a way that the sum of the surface powers <pLL of these three air lenses is greater than that

2.5 times the mean equivalent refractive power of the pancratic total lens, measured in the setting at the geometric mean of the magnification, but without adding 7.5 times this mean equivalent refractive power exceed that, in terms of a formula, the following applies:

2.5

(3)

7.5 Φ _Μ .

If the characteristic hollow area in the relay, which is close to the aperture, still has a collecting component Ly

is connected upstream, then its surface refractive power sum 9? iv should lie between 0 and 75% of the absolute value of the diffusing refractive power <pz of this characteristic hollow surface, whereby this upstream component is to be regarded as an approximation of the von Hoegh zero lens in terms of shape. Expressed in a formula, the following applies:

0 <<plv < 0.75 j <pz

IO The drawings show those lenses whose designations match those of the following number tables. R denotes the radii of curvature, d the center thicknesses measured along the optical axis and α the distances between the lenses, also measured along the optical axis, which are consecutively numbered with Roman numerals in the direction from the side of the longer conjugate to the shorter conjugate. The diaphragm is denoted by B. The glasses of the lenses are characterized by their refractive indices ng, and their color dispersion by the Abbe number ν . The refractive powers of the individual lens surfaces are denoted by φ and the equivalent refractive power of the entire lens by Φ, especially

special is the mean equivalent refractive power Φ _Μ -

In all three examples, chromatically correcting cemented surfaces were provided in three components in order to achieve good color correction, namely in the partial element V + VI of the fixed erector facing the diaphragm S, in the compensator VII + VIII and in the image-side closing meniscus XIII + XIV of the relay, with im In the interest of good color correction also for the lateral image field parts, these cemented surfaces R ₁₀ , R ₁₃ , R _{2i are} all designed to be hollow towards the diaphragm B.

Example I (Fig. 1) f _M = 100.0 mm Relative opening 1: 2.9

φ _Μ = + 10.0 dptr.

lens

area Radii «2 + 101.454 1 +1 461.866 + 665.981 2 + 146.723 ± CX) + 119.168 3 + 665.981 4th - 203.981 - 167,300 + 44.733 5 + 250.861 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11

Thicknesses and spacings nj / v

II

III

IV

V
VI

4.4733 28.6290 10.7358

0.5368 14.3145 21.4717

3.5786

7.6046

3.2208 6.6204

"," = 21.1139 1.689 / 30.9

1.620 / 60.0

1.620 / 60.0

1.720 / 50.3

1.720 / 50.3
1.721 / 29.3

+ 0.47132 dptr.

- 4.69592 dptr.

+ 0.93096 dptr.
+ 3.03950 dptr.

+ 6.11114 dptr.

- 0.930% dptr.

± 0 dptr.

- 6.04189 dptr.

- 4.30365 dptr.
+ 0.02235 dptr.

- 2.87410 dptr.

(Continued example I)

10

lens

area

Radii thicknesses and
distances

n _d jv

12th + 192.530 VII 13th + 44.733 VIII 14th - 105,301

IX

XI

XII

XIII

XIV

15th
16

17th
18th

19th
20th

21
22nd

23
24
25th

- 40.081

- 585.820

- 122.389

- 50.101

+ _ oo

- 112.905

+ 96.802

- 414.225

+ 68.352

- 300.246 + 43.480 3.5786
8.9466

α _βΜ = 27.7343 l

2.6840

O ₁ = 15.6565
6.6204

a ₈ = 0.8947
5.3679

a ₉ = 0.8947

6.0837

a ₁₀ = 24.1557

8.9466
2.6840

₂
(fixed)

1.620 / 60.0
1.621 / 36.2

19.6825
8.0518

1.720 / 50.3
1.620 / 60.0
1.620 / 60.0
1.620 / 60.0

1.620 / 60.0
1.721 / 29.3

+ 3.22028 dptr. + 0.02235 dptr. + 5.89738 dptr.

Aperture space

-17.96362 dptr. + 1.22905 dptr.

- 5.06580 dptr. +12.37500 dptr.

± 0 dptr.

. + 5.49134 dptr.

+ 6.40483 dptr. + 1.49677 dptr.

+ 9.07069 dptr.

- 0.33639 dptr. -16.58234 dptr.

By shifting the two variable elements (II, III and VII, VIII) towards the object side (ie "forwards") by 17.893 mm, the so-called "telephoto position" is obtained with an equivalent focal length of fr = 142.14 mm, while shifting the limbs by 17.893 mm towards the picture results in the so-called "wide-angle position" with an equivalent focal length of f _w = 70.31 mm. The image-side focal length for the distant object is uniformly 73.3 mm for this entire focal length range.

The characteristic components of the pancratic system thus have the following sums of refractive power in detail on:

L ₁ φ _τ = -4.22460 dptr. = -42.2460% Φ _Μ

Variator pii / iii = +9.15064 dptr. = + 91.5064% Φ _Λί

Erector ^ iv / vi = -13.19729dptr. = - 131.9729% Φ _Μ

Comp. φγιχ / νηι = +9.14003 dptr. = +91.4003% Φ _Λί

and thus, using the absolute values, the following is fulfilled:

20 ⁰ Ia & μ < 42.2460% Φ _Μ <65% Φ _Μ

65% Φ _Μ < 91.5064% Φ _Μ <130% Φ _Μ

90% Φ _Μ < 131.9729% Φ _Μ < 180% Φ _Μ

65% Φ μ < 91.4003% Φ μ <130% Φ _Μ

. ' ■ In this example, the limited relay established in the vicinity of the aperture and directly against the same hollow charakj tieristische scattering surface and the aperture area is called R ₁₅ = Rz. The absolute value of the refractive power of this dispersion surface is

ψ _η ] = 17.96362 dptr. = 1,796 Φ _Μ ■ It is therefore

0.75 Φ _Μ < j <p _1B I <2.75 Φ _Μ .
^ ⁰ It's on

9> ₈ = -6.04189 dptr. and <p _a = -4.30365 dptr.

ψ _{6 =} +6.11114 dptr. and 9P ₄ = +3.03950 dptr. 1.4 9P ₄ <C φ ₅ <C 3.2 9P ₄
9P ₅ > 1.66 9P4,

<Pu = +5.89738 dptr. = 0.5897 Φ _Μ

0.25 Φ _Μ <Ψα < 1.25 Φ _Μ .

In this embodiment, three collecting air lenses are arranged within the relay Refractive power sum

(3)

= +34.83863 dptr.
= 3.484 Φ μ

amounts to; thus is

(3)

009 677/235

It 12

Example II (Fig. 2) f _M = 100.0 mm Relative opening 1: 2.8 Φ _Μ = + 10.0 dptr.

lens

area Radii «4 - 167.024 1 +1457.109 + 48.213 2 + 146.064 + 250.189 3 + 664.996 + 191.710 4th - 202,957 + 44.652 5 + 100.954 - 104.909 6th + 664.996 7th ± OO 8th + 118.544 9 10 11 12th 13th 14th

Thicknesses and distances

II

III

IV

V VI

VII VIII

IX

XI

XII

XIII XIV

15 16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 24 25

+ 34.863 + 47.464

- 44.648 + 84.680

- 334.084

- 46.858

+1276.218

- 112.467

+ 54.932

- 65.751 + 40.050

4,456 28,571 10,694

0.891 14.312 21.121

3.565

7.575

3.208
8.003

= 20.408

3.565
9,054

a _eM = 21.388

1.6889 / 31.1

1.6204 / 60.3

1.6204 / 60.3

1.7200 / 50.3

1.7200 / 50.3
1.7215 / 29.3

1.6200 / 36.3
1.6204 / 60.3

b _lM = 19.606

J ₂ = 1.782
(fixed)

5.347
6,595

2,674
4.456
5.704
0.891
4.991
0.535

10.338
2,674

1.6200 / 36.3

1.5814 / 40.8

1.7200 / 50.3

1.7200 / 50.3

1.6204 / 60.3
1.6200 / 36.3

+ 0.47278 dptr.

- 4.71642 dptr.

+ 0.93293 dptr. + 3.05681 dptr.

+ 6.14535 dptr.

- 0.93293 dptr.

+, 0 dptr.

- 6.07367 dptr.

- 4.31074 dptr. + 0.03111 dptr.

- 2.88382 dptr.

+ 3.23405 dptr. + 0.00895 dptr. + 5.91367 dptr.

Aperture space

+17.78399 dptr. -13.06250 dptr.

-13.02188 dptr.

- 6.86588 dptr.

- 2.15514 dptr. +15.36553 dptr.

+ 0.56416 dptr. + 6.40190 dptr.

+ 11.29394 dptr. + 0.00608 dptr. -15.48084 dptr.

By shifting the two variable links towards the object side (ie "forwards") 17.824 mm you get the so-called »telephoto position« with an equivalent focal length of / V = 142.15 mm,

while moving the limbs by 17.824 mm

in the direction of the picture the so-called »wide-angle

14th

Position «with an equivalent focal length of / V = 70.33 mm. The image-side focal length for the distant object is for this entire focal length range uniform 74.4 mm.

The characteristic components of the pancratic 5 system thus have the following sums of refractive power in detail on:

L ₁ φι = -4.24364dptr. = -42.4364 ° / ₀ Φ _Μ

Variator pii / iii = + 9.20216dptr. = +92.0216 ° Ι ₀ Φ _Μ ¹⁰ Erector ψινινί = -13.23712dptr. = -132.3712 η ₀ Φ _Μ Comp, ψνίτιντίτ = + 9.15667dptr. = +91.5667 ° Ι ₀ Φ _Μ and thus, when using the absolute values, the following is met: ¹⁵ 20 * / ₀ Φ ^ <42.4364% Φ _Μ < 65% Φ _Μ 65% Φ _Μ < 92.0216% Φ _Μ < 130 ° / ₀ Φ _Μ 90 »/" Φ _Μ <132.3712% Φ _Μ <180% Φ ^ 65ο / _ο Φ ^ <91.5667 »/ ₀ Φ _Μ < 130% Φ _Μ In this embodiment are within the relay two collecting air lenses arranged, their refractive power sum

<p _LL = +33.62553 dptr.

(2)

= 3.363 Φ _Μ

amounts to; thus is

2.0 Φ _Μ
It is on:

(2)

6.0 Φ _Μ .

_{In this example, in the relay, the characteristic diffusion surface A 17} = Rz, which is arranged in the vicinity of the diaphragm and is curved in a concave manner towards the diaphragm, is preceded by a converging meniscus Ly which is convex towards this diaphragm. The absolute value of the refractive power of the dispersion surface 2? ₁₇ = R _z

30 ψ _ζ \ = 13.02188 dptr. = 1.302 Φ _Μ - <p _a = -6.07367 dptr. and <p _a = -4.31074 dptr. 1.15999 << p _a <2.15 <p ₉ ,

(p _s = +6.14535 dptr. and <p ₄ = +3.05681 dptr. 1.4 Cp ₁ <q> _s <3.2 ^ ₄
<p ₆ > 1.66 ^ ₄ ,

_ψΐί = +5.91367 dptr. = 0.591 Φ _Μ

0.25 Φ μ <<p _u < 1.25 Φ μ,

<p _Ly = +4.72149 dptr.,
and thus is

So it is

0.75 Φ μ < I ψζ [<2.75 Φ _Μ .

35 In this example, in order to demonstrate the wide freedom of variation in the choice of glass, the concentric diverging surface set up near the diaphragm and hollow towards the diaphragm was assigned to a lens made of a light flint and having a refractive index of well below 1.60, while for the other two Examples of hard refractive glasses with refractive indices of 1.70 and higher can be used at this point.

Example III (Fig. 2) f _M = 100.0 mm Relative opening 1: 2.7 Φ _Μ = + 10.0 dptr.

lens

area

Radii

Thicknesses and distances »rf /"

T 1 + 1454.492 X 2 + 145.801 TT 3 + 663.801 XX 4th - 202.592 III 5
6th + 100.773
+ 663.801 IV 7th
8th ± OO
+ 118.331 9 - 166.724 ν
VI 10 + 48.126 11 + 249.739

«O =

4,448 28,520 10,675

0.890 14.287 21.083

3.558

7.651

3,202 7,988

= 20.371

a, = 1.6889 / 31.1

1.6204 / 60.3

1.6204 / 60.3

1.7200 / 50.3

1.7200 / 50.3
1.7215 / 29.3

+ 0.47364 dptr.

- 4.72493 dptr.

+ 0.93462 dptr. + 3.06231 dptr.

+ 6.15641 dptr.

- 0.93462 dptr.

± 0 dptr.

- 6.08463 dptr.

- 4.31851 dptr. + 0.03117 dptr.

- 2.88902 dptr.

15th area 1 094 480 Radii Thick and
distances K = O ₆ ^ = 21.350 (fixed) 5.337 16 nj / v Ψ + 191.365
+ 44.571
- 104.721 ^ ₇ = 5.871 1.6200 / 36.3
1.6204 / 60.3 + 3.23988 dptr.
+ 0.00897 dptr.
+ 5.92431 dptr. 12th
13th
14th 3.558
9.038 2,669 19,571 lens (Continuation of example III) ^ ₈ = 4.448 Aperture space VII
VIII 5,693 1,779 + 41.935
+ 61.238 O ₉ = 0.890 1.6200 / 36.3 +14.78479 dptr.
- 10.12443 dptr. 15th
16 4,982 - 44.265
+ 217.056 a ₁₀ = 0.534 1.7015 / 41.0 -15.84774 dptr.
- 3.23189 dptr. IX 17th
18th - 143.577
- 47,592 9.252
3.558 1.7885 / 50.4 - 5.49183 dptr.
+16.56791 dptr. X 19th
20th +10674.91
- 96.643 1.7885 / 50.4 + 0.07387 dptr.
+ 8.15889 dptr. XI 21
22nd + 44.906
- 89.438
+ 33.021 1.6204 / 60.3
1.6200 / 36.3 + 13.8155SdPtH
+ 0.00472 dptr.
-18.77593 dptr. XII 23
24
25th XIII
XIV

By shifting the two variable links towards the object side (ie "forwards") 17.792 mm you get the so-called »telephoto position« with an equivalent focal length of / "y = 142.15 mm, while the so-called "wide-angle position" is used when the limbs are shifted by 17.792 mm in the direction of the picture with an equivalent focal length of / V = 70.33 mm. The image-side focal length for the distant object is uniformly go 76.4 mm for this entire focal length range.

The characteristic components of the pancratic system thus have the following sum of refractive power on:

It is also the absolute value of the refractive power of the characteristic hollow surface R _{1 7} = Rz in the relay:

Ip ₁₇ J = 15.84774 dptr.

= 1.585 Φ μ and thus

0.75 Φ _Μ <\ φ ₁₇ \ <2.75Φ _Μ ·,

the sum of the refractive power of the two collecting air lenses in relay:

<Pll = +38.61620 dptr.

and thus

= 3.862 Φ µ 2.0 µ <9LL < 6.0 Φ µ;

ψτ

= -4.25130dptr. = -42.5130 ° Ι ₀ Φ _Μ (2)

Variator pn / in = + 9.21872dptr. = + 92.1872 ° ■ / ₀ Φ _Μ Erector ρίν / νΐ = -13.26099 dptr. = -132.6099% Φ _Μ

Comp,

H = + 91.7316% Φ _Μ

and thus, using the absolute values, the following is met: 20% Φ _Μ < 42.5130% · Φ _Μ < 65% Φ _Μ

90% Φ _Μ < 132.6099% Φ _Μ <180% Φ _Μ
65% Φ _Λί <91.7316% Φ _Μ < 130% Φ _Μ

Inner surface pair in the erector:

(p _s = -6.08463 dptr. <p ₉ = -4.31851 dptr. 1.15 95 ₉ <9? ₈ <2.15 ψ _β ;

Inner surface pair in the variator:

φ ₅ = +6.15641 dptr. p ₄ = +3.06231 dptr.

1.4 954 <9 ⁹ S < ³ < ² 9> 4 <p ₅ > 1.66 9>₄;

strongly collecting outer surface in the compensator: <p _u = +5.92431 dptr. = 0.592 Φ _Μ

0.25 Φ _{Μ <<} pu < 1.25 Φ _Μ ; the sum of the surface power of the positive meniscus Ly

in front of the characteristic hollow area near the aperture <p ₁₇ = φζ

(p _Lv = +4.66035 dptr.,

and thus is

0 <0> £ v <0.75 I φ _ζ .

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. A bright pancratic lens in which, in the direction from the longer conjugate to the shorter conjugate, a front element of dispersing refractive power is followed by a movable lens pair of collecting refractive power, which includes a small fixed inner air gap in the form of a strongly collecting air lens between itself and the so-called Variator, which is followed by a stationary dispersing element, the so-called erector, which also consists of a pair of lenses whose more refractive surfaces enclose a small fixed air gap, which, however, in contrast to the variator, forms an air lens with a strongly dispersing effect, and in which this erector is followed by a variable collection system coupled to the variator, which is also called a compensator and is equipped with a strong positive refractive power, followed by the fixed diaphragm of the pancratic lens A multi-lens composite system is arranged behind this diaphragm which is equipped with a collecting refractive power to generate a real image, and behind which the image plane then follows at a fixed distance, characterized in that a) the diffusing front lens (I) is designed so that it _{faces its very strongly diffusing outer surface (R 2} ) of the diaphragm (B) as a hollow surface and that b) both the variable variator following the stationary front lens and the stationary erector following it, each of which consists of a pair of lenses set up against one another and enclosing a very strongly refractive pair of adjacent surfaces, are equipped with such an asymmetrical distribution of the surface powers in these pairs of adjacent surfaces that the neighboring pair of surfaces (R ₈ , R ₉ ) enclosed in the fixed erector is equipped with an asymmetry of the two surface powers (φ ₈ , φ ₉ ) of more than 15%, 5 <> but less than 115% is applicable: 1.15 φ _β <φ ₈ <2, ί5φ ₉ , and the inner pair of neighboring surfaces (.R ₄ , R ₅ ) of the variator preceding the erector on the object side again has an even greater refractive power asymmetry than that of the erector, and the enclosed neighboring surface pairs (R _a , R _{9 and .R 4} , R ₅ ) These two members are individually designed asymmetrically in such a way that their inner surfaces (R ₅ and R ₈ ) , which are hollow towards the diaphragm (B) , are each equipped with a stronger refractive power than the adjacent inner surfaces assigned to them, which are convex towards the diaphragm (.R ₄ or R _a ). 2. Lens according to claim 1, characterized in that the between the stationary Erector and the also stationary diaphragm (B) arranged and movable together with the variator Compensator at least one flat glass-air surface bordering on a variable air gap has a surface refractive power greater than 25% of the mean equivalent refractive power of the entire lens, but without the value of 125% of this equivalent refractive power of the pancratic lens in its To exceed the middle position, so that the following applies in terms of formula: 0.25 Φ μ <<p ₁₄ . <ί, 25Φ _Μ 3. Lens according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said asymmetry of the refractive power distribution within the highly refractive enclosed adjacent pairs of surfaces of the members is designed in such a way that the surface refractive power (φ ₈ ) of the inner surface (R ₈ ), which is hollow towards the diaphragm (B) ) of the erector is more than a sixth, but less than three quarters greater than the surface power (9S ₉ ) of its neighboring surface (R ₉ ) of this stationary erector, which is adjacent to the enclosed air space and is convexly curved towards the diaphragm (B), that, Expressed in terms of a formula, so the following applies: ¹ Ve <Ps><<Ps<1 ³ U <P9, and that at the same time the refractive power (9S ₅ ) of the concave inner adjacent surface (R ₅ ) of the variable variator against the diaphragm by more than 40%, but not more than 220% of the refractive power (<p ₄ ) of its against the diaphragm (B ) neighboring convex surface (R ₄ ) is greater than the surface refractive power of this convex surface (.R ₄ ), so that the following applies in terms of a formula: 1.4 <ρ ₄ <9? ₅ <3.2 <p ₄ . 4. Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface (R ₅ ), which is hollow towards the diaphragm, of the pair of inner-adjacent surfaces of the variator, which is far away from the diaphragm (B), _{has a refractive power (9J 5} ) which is greater than 166% the surface refractive power (φ ₄ ) of the other inner surface (R ₄ ) of this variable variator adjacent to it and convexly curved towards the diaphragm (B) , so that the following applies in terms of a formula: <p _s > 1.66954. 5. Lens according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the basic components of the pancratic systems, namely the front lens (I), the variator (II, III), the erector (IV, V, VI) and the compensator (VII , VIII), are equipped with the refractive power sums related to the mean equivalent refractive power (Φμ) of the entire lens as follows, calculated in absolute values: the front lens (I) has a refractive power (φι) that is greater than 20%, but less than 65 % of Φ μ; the variator (II, III) has a sum of surface powers that is between 65 and 130% of Φ μ ; the stationary erector (IV, V, VI) is equipped with a sum of surface powers that is greater than 90% but less than 180% of Φ _Μ ; the surface power sum of the compensator (VII, VIII) is between 65 and 130% of Φ _Μ , so that the following applies in terms of a formula: 0.20 Φ μ <-φι < 0.65 Φ μ 0.65 Φ Μ <9 ³ VaHaIOr <1.30 Φ _Μ 0.90 ΦM < - ^ Erector <1.80 ΦM 0.65 ΦM < 9> Comp . <1.30 ΦM 009 677/235 6. Objective according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the relay following the diaphragm (B) has at least two individual lens elements on its side facing the diaphragm, one of which faces the diaphragm with a very strongly dispersing hollow surface (Rz) Area refractive power (<pz) in absolute terms is greater than 75 ⁰ I _{0 of} the mean equivalent refractive power of the entire objective, but without _{exceeding the value of 275 ° / 0 of} this mean equivalent refractive power of the entire objective, i.e. the following applies in terms of a formula: 0.75 Φ _Μ <\ φζ \ <2.75Φ. 'μ, while a non-isosceles converging lens (S) is arranged on the image side, which is followed by a meniscus (M) which is hollow towards the image. 7. Lens according to claim 6, characterized by such a structure of the relay that in the vicinity of the preceding diaphragm (B) a negative lens with a hollow against this diaphragm, very strongly refractive so diffraction surface (Rz) is arranged, while on the image side a meniscus (M) with outer surfaces hollow towards the image closes off the overall system, with several inner members being arranged between these structural elements which enclose two collecting air lenses in such a way that their surface refractive- force sum (2) is greater than 2.0 times the mean equivalent refractive power of the entire lens, but without 6.0 times this total refractive power of the pancratic lens in its middle position, so that the following applies in terms of a formula: 2.0 Φ _Μ <<pLL < 6.0 Φ μ ■ 8. Objective according to claim 6, characterized by such a structure of the relay that in the vicinity of the preceding diaphragm (B) a negative lens with a hollow against this diaphragm, very strongly refractive Diverging surface (Rz) is arranged, while on the image side a meniscus (M) with outer surfaces hollow towards the image completes the overall system, with several inner members being arranged between these components, which enclose three air lenses with a collecting effect in such a way that the surface refractive power sum (q> LLJ of these three air lenses greater is than 2.5 times the mean equivalent refractive power of the pancratic overall objective, measured in the setting to the geometric mean of the magnification, but without exceeding 7.5 times this mean equivalent refractive power, that is to say In terms of formula, the following applies: 2.5 Φ _Μ <9LL < 7.5 Φ _Μ ■ (3. 9. Lens according to claim 6 to 8, characterized in that when a collecting member (Lv) is connected upstream of the characteristic hollow surface (Rz) close to the aperture, the surface refractive power tsumme (99z, v) of this upstream collecting member (L \) between zero and 0.75 times the absolute value of the surface refractive power (95z) of the named characteristic hollow surface (R _z ) , i.e. in terms of a formula: 10. Lens according to claims 1 to 9, characterized by the arrangement of chromatically correcting cemented surfaces in some components of the overall lens, preferably in the partial member facing the diaphragm (V -} - VI) of the fixed erector, in the compensator (VII + VIII ) and in the image-side final meniscus (XIII + XIV) of the relay, whereby these cemented surfaces (R ₁₀ , R ₁₃ , R _2i ) are all hollow towards the diaphragm in order to achieve good color correction for the side image field parts as well. 1 sheet of drawings © 009 677/23? 11.60