DE1081659B - Thermoplastic masses - Google Patents

Description

Many plastics have to be plasticized before processing or in order to achieve certain material properties will. One disadvantage of the usual low molecular weight plasticizers is their volatility, so that the plasticized plastics therefore easily become brittle, and they are often organic Solvents soluble. If plasticized films are used as packaging material, the plasticizer can also migrate into the contents; however, this is undesirable for hygienic reasons.

It is known that the polymers of the higher acrylic esters can be used as plasticizers. Have this however, the disadvantage that they are only limited with plastics are compatible and can therefore only be added in small amounts. Should those with acrylic esters Plasticized plastics are used as paint raw materials, they also have the disadvantage that they are in the common paint solvents are not perfectly soluble.

It has now been found that thermoplastic compositions have particularly valuable and good mechanical properties Have solubility if you have them with a copolymer of 80 to 99% of a polymerizable Mixes esters with a carbon double bond and 20 to 1% of an N-vinyl lactam.

As high molecular weight plasticizers for brittle plastics, the copolymers of such acrylic or methacrylic acid esters and vinyl esters suitable, which provide soft polymers on their own, so z. B. the Methyl, ethyl, butyl or dodecyl esters of acrylic acid, the ethyl and butyl esters of methacrylic acid or vinyl propionate, Vinyl butyrate. Suitable vinyl lactams are e.g. B. N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-e-caprolactam and N-vinyl-co-capryllactam. But also other vinyl compounds, such as Styrene, vinyl ether, vinyl chloride, vinyl methyl ketone, can be added to some extent are polymerized.

The amount of vinyl lactam in the copolymers should be 1 to 20 ° / ₀ , preferably 5 to 10 ° / ₀ , based on the mixture of the batch of the copolymer.

The degree of polymerization of the copolymers can be adjusted according to the intended use. If it is only a matter of improving the processability or the softening effect, use it relatively low molecular weight polymers with a K value (according to Fikentscher) of 20 to 30. SoE If the copolymer also gives the end product additional strength, higher molecular weight Products with K values between 60 and 80 or higher are an advantage. The setting of the most favorable molecular weight can be carried out in a known manner by varying the polymerization conditions.

The copolymers mentioned can be polymerized by customary polymerization methods Thermoplastic masses

Applicant:

Aniline & Soda Factory in Baden

Corporation,

Ludwigshafen / Rhine

Dr. Hans Fikentscher, Bad Dürkheim,

and Dr. Karl Herrle, Ludwigshafen / Rhine,

have been named as inventors

can be produced in block, in solution, in emulsion or in suspension. When polymerizing in the block sets one suitable regulator to slow down the stormy reaction. It is possible to use polymers with K values under 15 to manufacture.

The copolymers mentioned have excellent solubility. Except in aromatics, esters or They are also found in simple alcohols and depending on ketones Composition also soluble in petrol hydrocarbons. With numerous plastics and binders are they compatible, e.g. B. with polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride copolymers, Vinylidene chloride copolymers, cellulose esters, alkyd resins, urea resins. In paints, they significantly improve the adhesive strength. The incorporation of the copolymers into others Polymers can be made in various ways. In the manufacture of paints, the components are dissolved together in a suitable solvent. For masses that are to be processed on the roller, the copolymers can be added directly to the roller. In many cases, however, it is desirable the mixture before processing, e.g. B. in the usual mixers or kneaders.

Mixing can also take place during the work-up or production of the polymers. So you can add the mixed polymer to the Mohomere approach of the polymer to be plasticized and polymerize then, or the emulsion of the copolymers is mixed with a polyvinyl chloride emulsion, and the mixture works according to the usual methods, for. B. by felling, drying or atomizing.

The amount in which the copolymers are added to other polymers can be within wide limits vary. Even an addition of 1 to 5% improves the processability of polyvinyl chloride considerably. By incorporating 10 to 20% of an N-vinyl lactam

009 509/436

Claims (1)

3 4 Mixed polymer in polyvinyl chloride is added. 10 parts of this mixture are used in a poly impact strength significantly increased. For the preparation of the merization vessel and placed at about 100 ° C below of foils and fins can polymerize up to 50% and more by reflux cooling. The rest of the mix the copolymers are used. Such is allowed with slowly increasing temperature to the extent Mixtures can also run in the usual 5 as the polymerization progresses. After this Contain plasticizers. Polymerization at 150 ° C results in a room temperature It was already known to produce copolymers of N-vinyl oil with a high viscosity and a K value of 18. lactams, acrylic acid and their derivatives and homologues 100 parts of a copolymer made from 85 parts of vinyl to manufacture. In these copolymers, the idene chloride and 15 parts of vinyl chloride are used with N-vinyl lactams increase the softening point. You have 10 parts of this copolymer in a mixer the known N-vinyl lactams containing mixed mixed. The readily free-flowing powder obtained can be polymerizate for a wide variety of purposes at 130 ⁰ C from a screw press to almost colorless of technology, e.g. B. spray as finishing and adhesive or as threads that have a tear strength of about Emulsifying, thickening and lacquer binders, used. 20 kg / cm ² . It was surprising, however, that with the inventive 15. according to e spie to be used as high polymer plasticizer Copolymers of acrylic acid esters and N-vinyl 95 parts of acrylic acid ethyl ester and 5 parts of N-vinyl lactams in the mixing range mentioned are thermopyrrolidone in a 40% emulsion with additive plastic masses with particularly good mechanical of 5 parts of allyl alcohol copolymerized. You get Can produce properties and good solubilities. 20 a polymer with a K value of about 30 (measured The parts given in the examples are by weight in benzene). share. The K values were determined using the method of In a pressure vessel equipped with a stirrer Fikentscher (Cellulose-Chemie, 13 [1932], p. 58) 100 parts of vinyl chloride in the presence of 400 parts certainly. Water, 0.2 part azodiisobutyronitrile, 0.2 part Example 1 ^a5 gelatin and 25 parts of the emulsion described above polymerized. The fine-grained polymer obtained 98 parts of butyl acrylate and 2 parts of N-vinyl can be applied to the calender to form clear, glossy films caprolactam are processed in a 40% emulsion in a well-known manner, which can be Way polymerized. The polymer has a K value heat up to 250 ° C in its mechanical properties of 92 (measured in benzene). 30 can still largely be improved, 20 parts of the emulsion produced in this way are with 80 parts of a 40% emulsion of polyvinyl chloride Patent claim
mixed with a K value of 70 and the mixture in Dried spray dryer. Thermoplastic compounds for moldings or The polymer mixture obtained in this way is suitable for 35 lacquers, consisting of a mixture of a high- especially for the production of impact-resistant molded parts polymer plastic resin mass and a mixed and panels. The on pressed standard rods certain polymer from 80 to 99% of a polymerizable Notched impact strength is 52 kg · cm / cm ² . Esters with a carbon double bond, exc . . took acrylic esters of alcohols with 8 carbon Example 1 _{40 atomic parts and} 20 to 1% of an N-vinyl lactam. 90 parts of butyl acrylate, 10 parts of N-vinylpyrrole idon and 5 parts of cyclohexene are mixed and each with the documents considered: 0.2 parts of lauroyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide German Patent No. 757 355. © OM 509/436 5.60