DE1075474B - Course angle or guidance beacon - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

If it was a question of specifying a certain bearing for navigation, for example for the entry into a river mouth, a narrow sound or the like, one had to rely on so-called guidelines, if there was a clear view, or a radio beacon if the view was not clear. the Guidelines were marked with two clearly visible landmarks, for example by means of rods, Piles of stones or even beacons. So that these benchmarks match the directive in question with the desired To indicate accuracy, the distance between them must be quite large. In many cases however, the local topographical conditions prevent the arrangement of such alignment marks.

With directional radio beacons one is not dependent on a sufficient distance between two different Points in the direction of the specified bearing. Rather, the best bearing information will be obtained when the two antennas in a directional radio beacon, which is based on the principle of complementary IDs are working to be as close to each other as possible. It has therefore been possible to use directional radio beacons to arrange for the entrance to different places where entrance assistance is required or desired was, nevertheless in various places there was not enough distance to the leading lights or to be able to arrange other alignment marks.

This is a major disadvantage. Directional marks are particularly cheap to put on, and their operation causes no costs. Leading lights are more expensive both in the system and in operation, but they are significant cheaper than directional beacon. In addition, that no equipment for the perception of Leading lights are required when visibility is clear regardless of day or night, and likewise is none Equipment required for the perception of common alignment marks in daylight. Against it a radio receiver is required to perceive the bearing information from a radio beacon to be able to. However, not all vehicles have such a radio receiver.

It is already known to use a common beacon, which on the one hand has an accuracy in the Has course information that is the same as that of a radio beacon or two at a sufficient distance erected alignment marks, which on the other hand should have the advantage of a radio beacon, none To place special demands on depth in the horizontal direction behind the beacon. A Beacons of this type would also have the advantage that they have the same character as a directional beacon based on the principle of complementary identifiers could be communicated. If so, then a

Course angle or guidance beacon

Applicant:

Svenska Aktiebolaget gas accumulator,
Lidingö (Sweden)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. W. Mouths, patent attorney,
Frankfurt / M., Börsenstr. 17th

Claimed priority:
Sweden 28 September 1955

Frans Frans son, Lidingö (Sweden),

and Uno Burmeister, Drumsö (Finland),

have been named as inventors

such a directional radio beacon and a beacon of the type specified above are in one and the same place, they can be synchronized, whereby very great advantages can be achieved.

A beacon of the specified type is provided with two light sources, one of which is somewhat in the Horizontal plane is shifted in relation to the other, transversely to the bearing direction to be specified. Furthermore, a screen is arranged between the light sources and in front of this so that within the permitted Both light sources are visible at the course angle, but one on each side of the permitted course angle or the other of the light sources is shaded by the screen. There is one for the two light sources common identifier generator arranged so that these two light sources on the principle of complementary Identifiers light up.

In this known device, attempts were made to arrange the two light sources as close to one another as possible, and the screen between them extended in the direction of the bisectrix of the course angle. Light sources of this type but have such dimensions that, despite everything, the distance between the Light sources gets pretty big. Therefore, in order to achieve a sufficiently small course angle, one must make the umbrella quite long. It then becomes sensitive to wind pressure and must be dimensioned

5 «the fact that it remains stable in space. Such spatial Arrangements are not very favorable. In addition, tests have shown that such a fire with a Screen that extends in the direction of the bisectrix of the allowed course angle to provide substantial light

905729/156

1 U / O ft / ft

3 4

dispersion at the exiting edge of the screen Fig. 3 shows another form of development of the invention

leading to the boundary between the course angle,

Fig. 4 shows a geometrical construction for a closer look

range becomes very fuzzy. Explanation of the possible uses of fire,

The sharpness can be improved by 5 Fig. 5 and 6 two variants of the fire according to the

that the two light sources are further connected to each other.

be arranged and a transversely directed screen on the In the device of Fig. 1 are the two

Light sources arranged at the end of the longitudinal screen are denoted by 10 and 11, respectively. The one of these

will. In this case the sharpness of the borderline light sources is only supposed to be visible to the navigator

between the course angle and the outside of the io when it is to port from the

Course angle lying area improved. This is where the arid course angle is located, while the other

but another phenomenon, which leads to the source of light only being visible when the navigator

that it is extremely difficult to read the fire to starboard from the heading angle,

will. In contrast, both light sources should be within the

For this purpose, the device would be experimentally visible to such an extent as 15 whole permitted course angles,
It was designed that one lamp shone with a given identifier, with consideration for international customs, while the other lamp shone with the designation of the sides of a permitted course complementary identifier. Thereby, one had to calculate with directional radio beacons that one lamp would always shine on the port side and the other side on the starboard side of the permitted course angle. This is called at 20. The decisive factor for which side the port side is correct, but you have not the required side or the starboard side, is how the consideration for the inertia of the retina is distributed on a vehicle which which leads to the fact that fire is heading for the transition.

of the state in which the one lamp forms the lamp 10 in the present case lights up to the state in which the other lamp 25 lights up the port light and the light 11 lights up the starboard light, the visual impression during a given light. The lamps are in a common housing Period arises as if both lamps are lit. Although 12 arranged, which in the form of an umbrella is the time during which this visual impression is extended forward on each side. The baking consists so short that it hardly delimits the angle at which the viewing board screen 13 makes the impression of the cheek receiving parts of the brain registered 3 ° on-board light is visible, outwards, and the starboard becomes, but it leads to the fact that a certain screen 14 limits the in a corresponding manner View is achieved as if two lamps are at an angle for the starboard light. Between the lamps Alternating cycle light up. This view is per se a separating screen 15 is also arranged. This so misleading that the impression of continuously extending a bit outside the case borrowed light is interchanged, and the navigator 35 12 to prevent disruptive light dispersion is in great uncertainty as to whether it will actually happen. With medium-good lenses 16.17 in front of the lights 10 and 11 are actually within the permitted course angle, it is completely sufficient if the glider or outside of it. 15 extends over V2 to 1 m outwards. He can

These inconveniences are eliminated in that, therefore, in a structural unit with the housing a course angle or beacon with two light 40 12 can be assembled, so that the whole fire sources, which can be portable according to the principle of a complementary Ken device. The separating screen 15 is work together and in a right angle through another screen, the course angle screen to the center line of the allowed course angle of the 18, which is perpendicular to the center line of fire extending plane are arranged and between the course angle of the light sources 10,11 which a forward-facing separating screen 45 is arranged.

is provided, which is on the center line of the permitted The fire is in the selected execution example

Course angle lies and fed from the marginal rays of both play with electric current, without it

Light sources forms the allowed course angle to be restricted according to. To do this, a motor drives a number

of the invention on that of the light sources removed from cam disks, which contact springs for

turned the end of the divider screen a short-angle 5 ° closing and opening the power supply to each of the

influence the screen perpendicular to the center line of the permitted course lights 10 or 11,

winkeis is arranged from the light sources. The mains terminals are labeled 19 and 20, respectively.

According to the international rules for Morse telephony, they are connected to a motor 21 via a power switch

graphing with the machine applies, for example, that connected. From one of the mains terminals a guided

a line should be three times as long as a point. 55 common conductor to the two lamps 10 and 11,

You can then, for example, use one light identifier while the other power line is connected to the lamps

is connected in accordance with the Morse code E to a contact 22 or 23, which in

order, as a single light pulse, the known manner by the cams of the from

Different pulse units influenced by a longer dark motor 21 driven pulley 24 or 25

Interval during which the other ^{becomes 6} °.

Light identification sends three impulses, which together with the identification shown, like this one from the fire

that length have a line or with other - due to the rotation of the cam disks 24 resp.

In other words, the Morse code T should have. 25 is effected, the port light shines with three

The invention will be explained with reference to the drawing. successive flashes, after which the control

It shows ⁵ 5 on-board lights with a flash, then that again

Fig. 1 is a schematic picture to explain the all-port light with three flashes, etc. The four thus

common principle of the invention, alternating flashes each correspond to a quadrant

2 shows an identification diagram with the identification of the cam disks 24 and 25, respectively. They follow uniformly

those within different angles of the fire, one after the other with the same duration and with the same

is taken, . 7 ° time intervals. . .

When the port light is on, its light angle is limited by the legs 26 and 27, through the center of the light source on the one hand and through the port screen 13 or the course angle screen 18 on the other hand. Similarly, the starboard light source will be visible within an angle be, which by the connecting line 28 between the center of the starboard light and the edge of the starboard screen 14 as well as the connection

were used, efforts were made to combine the Morse code in such a way that a completely coherent one Sound reception occurs when the two signals are received with equal strength. It it is questionable, however, whether this point of view was correct, and recent research has shown that some essential advantages can be achieved by such a complementary identifier those between those contained in the letters

line 29 between the center of the control ₁₀ drawing units are small pauses. Sometimes one leads

curb light 11 and the starboard edge of the course - such "chopping" to make weak tones lighter

angle screen is limited. to be perceived, sometimes you can otherwise very well

The lines 27 and 29 intersect each other in a difficult phase change with the radio beacons

Point 30, which is so close to the fire that, during the short break, accomplish what

no navigation within this point Instead ₁₅ special load balancing devices unnecessarily

can bark. Outside the intersection point 30, both lights 10 and 11 are visible within an angle, which is bounded by lines 27 and 29, and it is also this angle that allows the

will.

If, in the present case, a complementary identifier has been proposed that is composed of lightning bolts which is a length corresponding to a

Represents heading angle. The course angle will be as ₂₀ bars in Morse code, and spaces narrower the wider the course angle screen 18 is made of a duration equal to the length of one point in one

Correspond to Morse code so that the identifier can be designated as O-T, so this was done around the beacon with a directional radio beacon with

will. However, this screen 18 must not be wider than
the distance between the midpoint of the two
Light sources 10 and 11 are made. See further
one can only assemble the port light within an angle, 25 of the same identifier, which is delimited by the line 26 and the line 29, is attached in the same place and over the same while only the starboard light shines within the range of angles. Such an arrangement brings the lines 27 and 28 of limited angle visible. great advantages also in the sense that the the one and the same angle lines delimiting angular adjustment of a fire with the not walls go from the same light source, but can control ₃₀ ren fire and vice versa, their extensions intersect each other un- in so the Use of identifiers that are only a substantial distance behind the light sources in the form of lines or flashes, points 31 and 32. On the other hand, that the impression makes it impossible to the eye that one arises sufficiently that only a single fire is present and the extent of the fire with reference to its identity, that all the delimitation lines of this fire act can be characterized by identification. Even if

go out of light.

Figure 2 illustrates the fire character achieved in the manner indicated. The fire is with 33 designated. You can see that a vehicle which

if you change the number of lightning bolts, for example on the port side, to two, three or four, like this one cannot go further for practical navigational reasons, and the arrangement of a larger one

the fire within the allowed course angle 40 fire net would then lead to the fact that several approaches, sees four equal flashes of the same duration. In the case of fire the same or very similar identifiers, the navigator does not count to four, because in the
The distance at which he is, he cannot

realize that three of the flashes produced by one light

would receive. In addition, the identifier composition is not perceived on a vehicle, which is within the permitted

but the fourth through a different light. It is 45 course angles. It is therefore in practice

therefore only gets the impression of repeated flashes with the same, short-lasting intervals. on On the other hand, a vehicle that approaches the fire too far to port will see groups of lightning bolts

It is necessary to suppress the identification transmission with the same intermediate times in order to instead send a To send out the identity identifier. A contact clock 34 is provided for this purpose, which

of three and three with a space in between, switch 35 controls such that it is periodically activated speaking of the duration of a lightning bolt and the associated one or more additional discs with the assigned

appropriate interval. On a craft that approaches the fire too far to starboard, on the other hand, one only sees individual flashes with long ones

subordinate contacts is switched.

In the chosen embodiment it is assumed that the fire at the entrance to Konrads-

Spaces. These light identifiers are therefore 55 port is set up and that the identity identifier for so characteristic that there is no doubt in the navi- this fire is KH or, in other words as gation can exist, within which sector Morse code, from a dash, a point and he is located. consists of a line followed by a second Morse code

For radio navigation with radio beacons one has the following, which consists of four points. Then can beiin to a large extent, the principle of complementary ken- 60, for example, the port light sends the signal for K used. One has preferably Ken and then the starboard light the sign for H. In nuiigskonstellationen used according to the .Morse- in this case the further cam disks 36 are given letters A and N or E and T. These two book and 37 the form shown in Fig. 1, Pairs of letters complete each other. Instead of sometimes it may be desirable to use signals with different

But other complementary books can also give this to different broad course angles. In particular rods are used, and in the present case this applies, if a vehicle from the sea into a narrow one the light character according to the invention is to be guided in such a way as the mouth of the river. One wants in such wrote as if the complementary identifier from the cases alternated two different identifiers Morse code O and T is made up. In the case of the complete, over different course angles. The broadsheets, which formerly used for directional radio beacons 7 ° tere course angles and the

tion are then used to move the vehicle from the open To direct water into the river mouth, and the narrower course angle together with that spread over it Identifiers are used to route the vehicle upstream to a port further upstream. the The broader course angle can then be identified, for example, from four port lightning and two afterwards The following starboard flashes consist or a total of six flashes, while the identifier of the narrower Course angle can consist of three port flashes and one starboard flash. You can then without Difficulty distinguishing the two identifiers from each other. Fig. 3 shows certain parts of an installation according to Fig. 1, for the purpose just mentioned. The device of the lamps corresponds to FIG The course angled umbrella can be changed for different widths. If the heading angle be wide or wide should, the course angle screen is instead narrow, and if the course angle is narrower the course angle screen is wider. The change of the width of the course angle screen is achieved by using a fixed, narrower course angle screen 38 is provided with a hinge 39 around which two halves of the wider Course angle screen are rotatable. These halves 40 and 41 are in their row approximately at their center connected by means of a joint with two tie rods 42 and 43, which can be steered with the armature 44 of a electric coil 45 are connected. This coil is powered by a cam 46 and the powered by this controlled contact, while the lamps, which are only indicated schematically at 10 and 11, respectively are fed with electricity via the cams 47 and 48. These are arranged so that they run synchronously, for example by the fact that they are on a common shaft driven by the motor 21 are arranged.

In the example shown, it is assumed that the magnet 45 is magnetized. As a result, the Umbrellas 40, 41 collapsed so that fire occurs during a third of the revolution of the cam 46 sends over the wider heading angle. During this time, the cams 47 operate and 48 the transmission of two complete series of identifiers which mark the wider course angle. During the remaining two thirds of the revolution of the cam plate 46, the magnet is 45 demagnetized, so that the screens 40 and 41 by the spring 49 in the position shown in the drawing is knocked out. During this time the lights 10 and 11 transmit in accordance with the profile of the cam disks 47 and 48 the identifier which indicates the narrower course angle.

In Fig. 4 it is illustrated how one can use two lights of the type mentioned here, their course angle cut each other. It is assumed that entry into a port 50 is very complicated and that you have to stay within a narrow, angled fairway for safe entry, which is drawn in Fig. 4 with close dashed lines. When entering from the south, the navigator leads first into the permitted course angle of a first fire 51 until he receives the signal from the starboard side of the fire 50 in such a way that he knows that he is also in the permitted course angle this fire is. He then steers to starboard and attacks Fire 50. For less in-depth Vehicles can also use the two lights as a guide. Every fire sends yes no fewer than four specific identifiers, which are known, partly the two boundary lines for port or starboard signal, partly the boundary lines for the permitted course angle. Merged therefore one receives in the field no fewer than sixteen definite, easily perceptible ones Landmarks. The same arrangement can also be used for the orientation of larger vehicles when two independent fires are arranged on the same coast in such a way that their Lights are visible within the same open water.

It is not necessary for the two light sources 10 and 11 to be arranged in the same plane. Sometimes a more convenient construction can be achieved by having the one in a plane above the other as shown in FIG. It should be noted, however, that a projected horizontal displacement must always be present between the light sources.

The possibility shown in Fig. 5 leads to a very simple safety arrangement for possibly burned out lamps. You cannot arrange less than four light sources, of which the the lower two can be provided for normal operation, for example, and the upper two for Reserve purposes. This device is shown in FIG. On the line to everyone for normal operation provided lamps 10 'and 11', a thermal relay is switched on. The two thermal relays 52 and 53 are set in such a way that they do not react during normal operation if they are activated Due to their inertia are kept warmed up and the lamps 10 'or. 11 'switched on keep. But if one of these lamps burns out so that no more current flows through the lamp, it will Thermal relay has cooled down and switches its contact over, so that the reserve lamp 10 "instead of lamp 10 ' is switched on and in a corresponding manner the lamp 11 "instead of the lamp 11 '.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Course angle or guidance beacon with two Light sources that work together on the principle of complementary identifiers and in one at right angles to the center line of the allowed course angle of the fire plane and between which a forward-facing separating screen is provided, which is on the center line of the permitted course angle and the permitted from the marginal rays of both light sources Forms course angle, characterized in that on the one facing away from the light sources (10, 11) End of the separating screen (15) a course angled screen (18) perpendicular to the center line of the allowed Course angle in front of the light sources (10,11) is arranged. 2. Course angle beacon with a device for variable adjustment of the size of the permitted course angle according to claim 1, characterized in that the device allows for adjustment relates to the width of the course angle screen (18). 3. beacon according to claim 2, characterized in that the course angle screen of a fixed screen of smaller width (38) and a collapsible screen (40, 41) is composed of greater width. 4; Beacon according to Claim 3, characterized in that that the collapsible umbrella is articulated with the fixed umbrella 1 U / Ö 4/4 and that the collapsible umbrella under the influence of an adjusting means (44,45) for periodic Changeover stands. 5. beacon according to claim 4, characterized in that the adjusting means consists of one There is an electromagnet (44, 45), which is magnetized via two articulated arms (42, 43) tion against the action of a spring (49) folds the collapsible umbrella parts (40, 41). Documents considered: German Patent No. 76238; U.S. Patent No. 2,570138. 1 sheet of drawings