DE1062834B - Fuel elements with non-metallic cover for nuclear reactors - Google Patents
Fuel elements with non-metallic cover for nuclear reactorsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1062834B DE1062834B DED23779A DED0023779A DE1062834B DE 1062834 B DE1062834 B DE 1062834B DE D23779 A DED23779 A DE D23779A DE D0023779 A DED0023779 A DE D0023779A DE 1062834 B DE1062834 B DE 1062834B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- elements
- fuel elements
- oxide
- barium oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
- G21C3/62—Ceramic fuel
- G21C3/64—Ceramic dispersion fuel, e.g. cermet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/044—Fuel elements with porous or capillary structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/28—Fuel elements with fissile or breeder material in solid form within a non-active casing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein geformtes, insbesondere kugelförmiges BrennstofEelement für Kernreaktoren, bestehend aus Spalt- und/oder Brutstoffen und gegebenenfalls Füllstoff mit einer nichtmetallischen Umhüllung.The present invention relates to a shaped, in particular spherical, fuel element for Nuclear reactors, consisting of fissile and / or breeding materials and optionally filler with a non-metallic Wrapping.
Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, zum Aufbau von Brennstoffelementen für Kernreaktoren die Spaltstoffe oder Brutstoffe in Form ihrer Verbindungen, z. B. als Oxyde, Silizide, Nitride und insbesondere als Carbide zu verwenden und diese nach den Methoden der Keramik zu verformen. Ferner ist die Verwendung eines Spaltmaterials, das ständig in der Reaktionszone eines Kernreaktors bleibt, in Form eines schwammartigen keramischen Materials bekannt, das aus einem Gemisch aus spaltbarem Material und wärmeverteilender Substanz, die auch ein Moderator sein kann, besteht. Nach einem neueren Vorschlag werden Brennstoffelemente aus Spaltstoffen, Brutstoffen und beliebigen Füllstoffen, die den Neutronenhaushalt des Reaktors nicht beeinträchtigen, derart aufgebaut, daß die beteiligten Stoffe in eine praktisch homogene Mischung gebracht und dann verformt werden. Es ist weiterhin vorgeschlagen worden, derartige Formkörper als Kugeln auszubilden und diese dem Reaktor laufend zuzuspeisen, während die ausgebrannten Formkörper ebenfalls laufend aus dem Reaktor abgezogen werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß bei dieser Arbeitsweise an die Oberflächenfestigkeit der Brennstoffelemente erhebliche Ansprüche gestellt werden, da sie der Erosion durch die gasförmigen oder flüssigen Kühlmittel ausgesetzt sind und außerdem auch ein gegenseitiger Abrieb bei der Bewegung der kugelförmigen Formkörper erfolgt. Dieser Abrieb wird mit den Kühlmitteln fortgeführt und reichert sich in diesen allmählich an, da er durch den ganzen Primärkreislauf verbreitet wird. Dadurch gehen nicht nur wertvolle Anteile an Spalt- bzw. Brutstoffen unter Umständen verloren, sondern es findet auch allmählich eine starke Verseuchung der Kühlmittel im Primärkreislauf statt, da die abgeriebenen Teilchen der Brennstoffelemente schädliche Spaltprodukte enthalten. It has already been proposed to use the fissile materials for the construction of fuel elements for nuclear reactors or breeding material in the form of their compounds, e.g. B. as oxides, silicides, nitrides and especially as To use carbides and to deform them according to the methods of ceramics. Furthermore, the use of a fissile material, which remains permanently in the reaction zone of a nuclear reactor, in the form of a known sponge-like ceramic material, which consists of a mixture of fissile material and heat-dissipating substance, which can also be a moderator, consists. According to a more recent suggestion are fuel elements from fissile materials, breeding materials and any fillers that the neutron balance of the reactor do not affect, constructed in such a way that the substances involved in a practical brought homogeneous mixture and then shaped. It has also been suggested such Form bodies as spheres and feed them continuously to the reactor while the burned out Moldings are also continuously withdrawn from the reactor. It has been shown that with this way of working made considerable demands on the surface strength of the fuel elements as they are exposed to erosion by the gaseous or liquid coolants and moreover there is also mutual abrasion during the movement of the spherical shaped bodies. This abrasion is continued with the coolants and gradually accumulates in them as it runs through the whole Primary cycle is spread. As a result, not only do valuable parts of fissile or breeding material go under Circumstances lost, but it also gradually takes place strong contamination of the coolant in the Primary cycle takes place, since the abraded particles of the fuel elements contain harmful fission products.
Um diese Nachteile zu überwinden, weist bei dem geformten, mit einer nichtmetallischen Umhüllung versehenen Brennstoffelement erfindungsgemäß der Formkörperkern und die Umhüllung eine künstlich erhöhte Porosität auf. Vorzugsweise werden zum Aufbau der Umhüllung Stoffe gewählt, die gleichzeitig nach entsprechender Behandlung, z. B. durch Sintern, eine erhöhte Abriebfestigkeit aufweisen. Um ihren Zweck zu erfüllen, muß die Umhüllung der Brennstoffelemente, also beispielsweise der Kugeln, eine gewisse Stärke aufweisen, die etwa 5 bis 10 mm und darüber betragen kann.In order to overcome these disadvantages, has in the molded, provided with a non-metallic envelope According to the invention, the molded body core and the casing have an artificially increased fuel element Porosity. Preferably, substances are selected for the structure of the cover, which at the same time according to the corresponding Treatment, e.g. B. by sintering, have an increased abrasion resistance. To their purpose meet, the envelope of the fuel elements, so for example the balls, must have a certain thickness have, which can be about 5 to 10 mm and above.
Brennstoffelemente mit nichtmetallischer Umhüllung für KernreaktorenFuel elements with non-metallic cladding for nuclear reactors
Anmelder:
Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals Roessler,
Frankfurt/M., WeifJfrauenstr. 9Applicant:
German gold and silver refinery formerly Roessler,
Frankfurt / M., WeifJfrauenstrasse. 9
Dr. Rudolf Schulten, Mannheim,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenDr. Rudolf Schulten, Mannheim,
has been named as the inventor
Bei der Verwendung von Brennstoffelementformkörpern gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich zwei wesentliche Vorteile. Eeinerseits beschränkt sich der Abrieb der Formkörper aneinander bzw. die Oberflächenabtragung durch das Reaktorkühlmittel auf die die Umhüllung bildende Substanz, d. h., das Kühlmittel nimmt keine spaltbaren Elemente auf. Außerdem treten die im Innern des Formkörpers entstehenden strahlenden Spaltprodukte nicht mehr in die Kühlmittel über, sondern werden in den Grenzschichten bereits von der umhüllenden Substanz absorbiert und gelangen nicht mehr an deren Oberfläche. Wird also die Umhüllung genügend dick gehalten, so werden lediglich bis zum Ausbrennen des jeweiligen Elementes die äußeren Teile der Umhüllung abgetragen, die keinerlei spaltbare Stoffe oder schädliche Spaltprodukte enthalten. Damit werden nicht nur die obenerwähnten Verluste vermieden, sondern auch eine Verseuchung des Kühmittelkreislaufs durch feste Spaltprodukte wird wirksam verhindert.When using fuel element molded bodies according to the present invention two main advantages. On the one hand, the abrasion of the shaped bodies to one another or the Surface removal by the reactor coolant onto the substance forming the envelope, d. i.e., the coolant does not accept fissile elements. In addition, those arising in the interior of the molded body occur Radiant fission products no longer transfer into the coolant, but are already in the boundary layers absorbed by the enveloping substance and no longer reach its surface. So will the envelope is kept sufficiently thick, so only until the respective element is burned out the outer parts of the envelope are removed, which do not contain any fissile substances or harmful fission products contain. This not only avoids the losses mentioned above, but also prevents contamination of the coolant cycle through solid fission products is effectively prevented.
Es wurde schon oben erwähnt, daß Brennelemente nach bekannten Vorschlägen so aufgebaut sind, daß sie Spaltstoffe und/oder Brutstoffe allein oder mit Füllstoffen enthalten, für die man bei thermischen Reaktoren im allgemeinen moderierende Substanzen verwendet. It has already been mentioned above that fuel assemblies are constructed according to known proposals so that they Contain fissile materials and / or breeding materials alone or with fillers, for which one in thermal reactors generally used moderating substances.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Brennelemente sollen vor allem in Reaktoren mit hohen Betriebstemperaturen verwendet werden. An ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften werden daher besonders große Anforderungen gestellt. Gasdichte Überzüge sind aber auf Brennelementen, die bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen arbeiten, sehr schwer zu erzielen. Die im Brennstoff vorhandenen, teilweise auch neu gebildeten Gase, dehnen sich bei hohen Temperaturen aus und sind imstande, stabile und dichte Umhüllungen ebenso wie das GefügeThe fuel elements according to the invention are intended primarily in reactors with high operating temperatures be used. Particularly high requirements are therefore placed on their mechanical properties posed. Gas-tight coatings are, however, on fuel assemblies that work at high operating temperatures, very difficult to achieve. The gases present in the fuel, some of which are newly formed, expand at high temperatures and are able to produce stable and tight envelopes as well as the structure
909 580/329909 580/329
Claims (2)
»Nucleonics«, Bd. 14, 1956, Heft 3, S. 34 bis 41.Swiss Patent No. 275 951;
"Nucleonics", Vol. 14, 1956, Issue 3, pp. 34 to 41.
Deutsches Patent Nr. 1 033 810.Legacy Patents Considered:
German Patent No. 1 033 810.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE560595D BE560595A (en) | 1956-09-08 | ||
DED23779A DE1062834B (en) | 1956-09-08 | 1956-09-08 | Fuel elements with non-metallic cover for nuclear reactors |
GB27416/57A GB821297A (en) | 1956-09-08 | 1957-08-30 | Homogeneous fuel elements for nuclear fission reactors |
FR1183730D FR1183730A (en) | 1956-09-08 | 1957-09-09 | homogeneous fuel elements for nuclear reactors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DED23779A DE1062834B (en) | 1956-09-08 | 1956-09-08 | Fuel elements with non-metallic cover for nuclear reactors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1062834B true DE1062834B (en) | 1959-08-06 |
Family
ID=7037950
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DED23779A Pending DE1062834B (en) | 1956-09-08 | 1956-09-08 | Fuel elements with non-metallic cover for nuclear reactors |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE560595A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1062834B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1183730A (en) |
GB (1) | GB821297A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3228850A (en) * | 1959-10-29 | 1966-01-11 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Chemical conversion in presence of nuclear fission fragements |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH275951A (en) * | 1939-07-28 | 1951-06-15 | Chilowsky Constantin | Process for using the thermal energy released by the atomic decomposition into chains of an active material comprising uranium atoms and device for carrying out this process. |
-
0
- BE BE560595D patent/BE560595A/xx unknown
-
1956
- 1956-09-08 DE DED23779A patent/DE1062834B/en active Pending
-
1957
- 1957-08-30 GB GB27416/57A patent/GB821297A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-09-09 FR FR1183730D patent/FR1183730A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH275951A (en) * | 1939-07-28 | 1951-06-15 | Chilowsky Constantin | Process for using the thermal energy released by the atomic decomposition into chains of an active material comprising uranium atoms and device for carrying out this process. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE560595A (en) | |
FR1183730A (en) | 1959-07-13 |
GB821297A (en) | 1959-10-07 |
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